Water purification treatment methods

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of water treatment, and specifically to a method for purifying and treating water. The ecological restoration method provided by the present application includes: fixing a biofilm in a water body to purify the water body; the preparation steps of the biofilm include: plasma modification of the surface of the biofilm carrier by plasma treatment to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; fixing an active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification to prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; applying a microbial suspension to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to attach and inoculate the microorganism to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer to prepare the biofilm; wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water body treatment, and in particular to a method for purifying and treating a water body. Background Art

[0002] Industrial wastewater discharge, agricultural non-point source pollution, domestic sewage discharge, landfill leachate, water hypoxia and organic matter corruption, exogenous pollution input and point source pollution, non-point pollution sources and underground pipeline problems, unreasonable water system structure and endogenous pollution will cause black and smelly water in rivers. Therefore, it is vital to strengthen water body management and ecological restoration and restore the health of aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] In water bodies, microorganisms are key players in the degradation of organic matter. They can decompose complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter, playing a role in purification and water ecological restoration. Therefore, providing a good growth space for microorganisms, improving the metabolic mobility between microorganisms, and ensuring the stable attachment and growth of microorganisms are important for improving the ecological restoration efficiency of water bodies. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the present application provides a water purification and treatment method. The water restoration method provided in the present application can provide a good growth space for microorganisms and effectively enhance the activity of microorganisms by selecting a specific biofilm, so as to further improve the water purification effect and ecological restoration rate.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for purifying a water body is provided, the method for purifying a water body comprises an ecological restoration step, the ecological restoration comprises a biofilm purification step, the biofilm purification step comprises: fixing a biofilm in the water body to purify the water body;

[0006] The steps of preparing the biofilm include:

[0007] The surface of the biofilm carrier is plasma modified by plasma treatment to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the temperature of the plasma treatment is 80°C to 170°C, the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites;

[0008] The active enzyme is fixed on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification, thereby preparing an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the active enzyme is fixed in a manner comprising: at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction;

[0009] A microbial suspension is coated on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, and the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism is used to make the microorganism adhere to and inoculate on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer to prepare the biofilm; wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

[0010] In one embodiment, the biofilm preparation step has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0011] (1) In the step of plasma-modifying the surface of the biofilm carrier by plasma treatment, the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the active sites formed include hydroxyl groups;

[0012] (2) In the step of plasma modification of the surface of the biofilm carrier by plasma treatment, the plasma treatment time is 8s to 15s;

[0013] (3) The material of the biofilm carrier includes one or more of a degradable polymer and a natural fiber;

[0014] (4) The active enzyme includes one or more of protease, amylase, laccase, cellulase, hemicellulase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, phosphatase, urease and glucose oxidase;

[0015] (5) The microbial suspension includes microorganisms, and the microorganisms include one or more of the genera Dechloromonas, Gemmatimonas, Steroidobacterium, Saprospira and Comamonas.

[0016] In one embodiment, the biofilm preparation step comprises:

[0017] The biofilm carrier is cleaned and dried; wherein the drying temperature is 30°C to 60°C;

[0018] The surface of the biofilm carrier is plasma-modified by plasma treatment at 80°C to 170°C to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the time of the plasma treatment is 8s to 15s; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, wherein the active sites include hydroxyl groups;

[0019] The active enzyme is fixed on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification, thereby preparing an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the active enzyme is fixed in a manner comprising: at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction;

[0020] A microbial suspension is coated on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, and the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism is used to make the microorganism adhere to and inoculate on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer to prepare the biofilm; wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

[0021] In one embodiment, the ecological restoration step further includes one or more of shore restoration, ecological purification, oxygenation treatment and aquatic plant planting steps, and the ecological restoration step of the water body has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0022] (1) The shore restoration method includes planting terrestrial plants;

[0023] (2) The oxygenation treatment step includes: increasing dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration;

[0024] (3) The aquatic plant planting includes one or more of lotus root planting and cattail planting.

[0025] In one embodiment, the step of ecological purification includes: adding a biological enzyme preparation to the water body;

[0026] Wherein, the step of adding the biological enzyme preparation to the water body has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0027] (1) The amount of the bio-enzyme preparation added is 5 g / m3 of water. 3 ~8g / m 3 ;

[0028] (2) In parts by weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite.

[0029] In one embodiment, the water purification method also includes the steps of source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment and restoration monitoring and management performed in sequence; wherein the ecological restoration step is performed after the internal source treatment step and before the restoration monitoring and management step.

[0030] In one embodiment, the endogenous treatment includes one or more of garbage cleaning, flocculation sedimentation and dredging; the endogenous treatment has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0031] (1) The garbage cleaning includes one or more of cleaning coastal garbage, cleaning seasonal fallen leaves, cleaning biological remains and cleaning floating objects;

[0032] (2) The dredging includes clearing the bottom mud.

[0033] In one embodiment, the flocculation and sedimentation step includes: adding a flocculant to the water body;

[0034] Wherein, the step of adding a flocculant to the water body has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0035] (1) The dosage of the flocculant is 95 g / m3 of water. 3 ~110g / m 3 ;

[0036] (2) In parts by weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 parts to 100 parts of activated carbon.

[0037] In one embodiment, the purification method has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0038] (1) The steps of source control and pollution interception include: investigating and intercepting the sewage outlets of the water body to control the discharge of sewage into the water body from the source and reduce the pollution load entering the water body;

[0039] (2) The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular testing and regular inspection and maintenance of the water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas.

[0040] In one embodiment, before the step of controlling the source of pollution, an environmental investigation step is also included; the water purification and treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0041] Environmental survey: Divide the water body into several treatment and restoration areas and test the water in each treatment and restoration area, investigate the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtain environmental status data;

[0042] Source control and pollution interception: Investigate and intercept the sewage outlets of water bodies to control the discharge of sewage into water bodies from the source and reduce the pollution load entering the water bodies;

[0043] Endogenous treatment: The endogenous treatment includes garbage cleaning, flocculation sedimentation and dredging steps in sequence; wherein, the garbage cleaning includes one or more of cleaning coastal garbage, cleaning seasonal fallen leaves, cleaning biological residues and cleaning floating objects; the flocculation sedimentation includes: adding flocculants to the water body, and the amount of flocculants added per cubic meter of water body is 95g / m 3 ~110g / m 3 ; In parts by weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 parts to 100 parts of activated carbon; the dredging includes cleaning the bottom mud;

[0044] Ecological restoration: The ecological restoration includes the steps of shore restoration, ecological purification, oxygenation, aquatic plant planting and biofilm purification in sequence; wherein, the shore restoration method includes planting terrestrial plants; the ecological purification includes: adding biological enzyme preparations to the water body; the amount of the biological enzyme preparation added per cubic meter of water body is 5g / m 3 ~8g / m 3 ; In terms of weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 to 10 parts of bentonite; the oxygenation treatment includes: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration; the aquatic plant planting includes planting one or more of lotus root and cattail aquatic plants;

[0045] Restoration monitoring and management: Regular testing and regular inspection and maintenance of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the water purification method provided in this application include at least:

[0047] The specific biofilm is used for water purification, wherein the preparation steps of the biofilm include plasma treatment, immobilization of active enzymes, and loading of microorganisms.

[0048] Plasma treatment is used at a specific reaction temperature to modify the surface of the biofilm carrier. At this time, plasma acts on the surface of the biofilm carrier, causing physical etching and chemical activation of the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, increasing the surface area and biological attachment points of the biofilm carrier. On the one hand, the formation of a roughened surface can adjust the pore structure and permeability of the surface of the biofilm carrier, which provides more abundant space for the free flow of substances such as water, nutrients and oxygen that promote the metabolic activity of microorganisms; on the other hand, the increased surface area of ​​the roughened surface and the active sites formed by chemical activation can provide more and more stable attachment sites for the stable attachment and growth of microorganisms and active enzymes on the carrier.

[0049] The active enzyme is further contacted with the modified biofilm carrier, and the active enzyme is fixed on the surface of the modified biofilm carrier by utilizing the biochemical reaction during the attachment and preparation of the active enzyme (such as the coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site and the intermolecular interaction, wherein the intermolecular interaction is exemplified by the induction force or hydrogen bond). In this process, the introduction of active enzyme molecules is conducive to improving the biological activity of the carrier. At this time, the affinity between the active enzyme molecules and the microorganisms can promote the attachment and growth of microorganisms on the surface of the carrier, increase the inoculation speed of microorganisms and the formation speed of biofilm; at the same time, the enhanced biological activity of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier makes it have better stability and adaptability in the face of water quality fluctuations or environmental changes, so as to enhance the stability and environmental friendliness of the biofilm. Since the biofilm carrier is sequentially subjected to the steps of plasma treatment and fixation of the active enzyme, the higher surface area, more microbial attachment points and higher biological activity of the biofilm carrier enable the microorganisms to efficiently attach and inoculate on the surface of the biofilm carrier, forming a microbial load layer with high biological activity, and can accelerate the formation process of the biofilm.

[0050] Furthermore, when the above-mentioned biofilm is used for water purification, microorganisms with higher biological activity attach to the biofilm carrier and reproduce, and substances that promote the metabolic activity of microorganisms, such as water, nutrients and oxygen, can flow freely on the biofilm carrier; the two work together to enable the above-mentioned biofilm to decompose complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter more quickly through biological action, thereby playing a better role in purification and water ecological restoration, thereby effectively improving the ecological restoration efficiency of water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 A process flow chart of a biofilm preparation method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 2 A process flow chart of a water purification method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the polylactic acid fiber biofilm carrier selected in step (5-1) of Example 1 of the present application;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier prepared in step (5-3) of Example 1 of the present application;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a SEM image of the biofilm prepared in step (5-4) of Example 1 of the present application;

[0056] Figure 6 This is the infrared spectra of the polylactic acid fiber biofilm carrier before and after plasma modification in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is a further complete and clear description of the water purification treatment method of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments. The present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thoroughly understood.

[0058] In the process of water purification, microorganisms can effectively decompose organic pollutants to improve the water purification effect and water purification capacity. In the current related technologies, the main ecological restoration methods used are: (1) using composite bacterial liquid and microbial nitrogen source to mix evenly, then adding biological carriers, stirring evenly and drying, to prepare microbial sewage treatment agents, and using microbial sewage treatment agents for ecological restoration; this method cannot provide a good growth space for microorganisms, and the metabolic mobility between microorganisms is poor, and the stable attachment and growth of microorganisms cannot be guaranteed, resulting in low water purification efficiency; (2) grafting azidobenzoic acid on the surface of nylon elastic suspension filler for ecological restoration; in this method, the formation speed and stability of the biofilm are poor, the biological activity in the water is low, and it cannot cope well with water quality fluctuations or environmental changes, and the water restoration efficiency is poor.

[0059] Based on this, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for purifying and treating a water body, the method for purifying and treating a water body includes an ecological restoration step, the ecological restoration includes S405, a biofilm purification step, the biofilm purification step includes: fixing the biofilm in the water body, and purifying the water body;

[0060] The steps of preparing the biofilm include:

[0061] Step b, using plasma treatment to perform plasma modification on the surface of the biofilm carrier to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the temperature of the plasma treatment is 80°C to 170°C, the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of performing the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites;

[0062] Step c, fixing the active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification, and prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the fixation method of the active enzyme includes at least one of: physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction;

[0063] Step d, applying a microbial suspension to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganisms to make the microorganisms adhere to and inoculate the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer, and preparing the biofilm; wherein the microorganisms are microorganisms capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

[0064] The present application uses a specific biofilm for water purification, wherein the preparation steps of the biofilm include plasma treatment, fixation of active enzymes, and loading of microorganisms.

[0065] Plasma treatment is used at a specific reaction temperature to modify the surface of the biofilm carrier. At this time, plasma acts on the surface of the biofilm carrier, causing physical etching and chemical activation of the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, increasing the surface area and biological attachment points of the biofilm carrier. On the one hand, the formation of a roughened surface can adjust the pore structure and permeability of the surface of the biofilm carrier, which provides more abundant space for the free flow of substances such as water, nutrients and oxygen that promote the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the pores; on the other hand, the increased surface area of ​​the roughened surface and the active sites formed by chemical activation can provide more and more stable attachment sites for the stable attachment and growth of microorganisms and active enzyme organisms on the carrier.

[0066] The active enzyme is further contacted with the modified biofilm carrier, and the active enzyme is fixed on the surface of the modified biofilm carrier by utilizing the biochemical reaction during the attachment and preparation of the active enzyme (such as the coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site and the intermolecular interaction, wherein the intermolecular interaction is exemplified by the induction force or hydrogen bond). In this process, the introduction of active enzyme molecules is conducive to improving the biological activity of the carrier. At this time, the affinity between the active enzyme molecules and the microorganisms can promote the attachment and growth of microorganisms on the surface of the carrier, increase the inoculation speed of microorganisms and the formation speed of biofilms; at the same time, the enhanced biological activity of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier enables it to have better stability and adaptability in the face of water quality fluctuations or environmental changes, so as to enhance the stability and environmental friendliness of the biofilm. Since the biofilm carrier is sequentially subjected to the steps of plasma treatment and fixation of the active enzyme, the higher surface area, more microbial attachment points and higher biological activity of the biofilm carrier enable the microorganisms to efficiently attach to the surface of the biofilm carrier, form a microbial load layer with high biological activity, and accelerate the formation process of the biofilm.

[0067] Furthermore, when the above-mentioned biofilm is used for water purification, microorganisms with higher biological activity attach to the biofilm carrier and reproduce, and substances that promote the metabolic activity of microorganisms, such as water, nutrients and oxygen, can flow freely on the biofilm carrier; the two work together to enable the above-mentioned biofilm to decompose complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter more quickly through biological action, thereby playing a better role in purification and water ecological restoration, thereby effectively improving the ecological restoration efficiency of water bodies.

[0068] It can be understood that in step b, the temperature of the plasma treatment can be selected from any value between 80° C. and 170° C. Further, the temperature of the plasma treatment includes but is not limited to 80° C., 90° C., 95° C., 100° C., 110° C., 120° C., 130° C., 140° C., 150° C., 160° C. or 170° C.

[0069] It can be understood that when the water body is a black and smelly water body in a river, the biofilm purification step includes: fixing the biofilm on the bottom or side wall of the river to purify the water body.

[0070] In one example, the step of fixing the biofilm below or on the side of the water body includes: attaching an anchoring device to the bottom or side wall of the river channel, and installing the biofilm on the anchoring device.

[0071] In one example, the material of the biofilm carrier includes one or more of a degradable polymer and a natural fiber.

[0072] The biofilm carrier is selected from one or more of degradable polymers and natural fibers, which have a large specific surface area and good biocompatibility. At the same time, the above materials also have appropriate porosity and permeability, which can ensure the fluidity of the water body and the effective diffusion of pollutants, and can allow water, nutrients and oxygen to flow freely to promote the metabolic activities of microorganisms, so as to optimize the growth environment of microorganisms, enhance biological affinity, ensure the stable attachment and growth of microorganisms on the carrier, and thus improve the treatment efficiency of the biofilm. In addition, the biofilm carrier of degradable polymers and natural fibers has good mechanical strength, chemical stability and biological inertness, and can also resist chemical corrosion and biological erosion in the water body, which enables microorganisms to better attach to the carrier to reproduce and degrade organic pollutants through biological action to purify the water body. In addition, the biofilm provided by the present application also improves the biological activity of the microbial flora, further improving the sewage treatment effect and water purification capacity.

[0073] For example, among the materials of the biofilm carrier, the degradable polymer can be exemplified by polylactic acid materials, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxybutyrate and polybutylene succinate. For example, the natural fiber can be exemplified by cotton fiber, hemp fiber, wool fiber, silk fiber, kapok fiber, coconut shell fiber.

[0074] It can be understood that in the present application, any plasma that can etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites is acceptable. In addition, the processing parameters such as frequency, power, and gas flow rate in the plasma treatment process of the present application can be selected in a conventional manner by those skilled in the art. For example, in the plasma treatment, the working gas selected includes one or more of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and helium. In one example, in the step of plasma modification of the surface of the biofilm carrier using plasma treatment, the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the active sites formed include hydroxyl groups.

[0075] In one example, the plasma processing device is a plasma jet device.

[0076] The coating method in step d can be selected from coating methods commonly used by those skilled in the art. Further, the coating methods include but are not limited to brushing, spraying, and dipping.

[0077] Illustratively, the active enzymes may be exemplified by protease, amylase, laccase, cellulase, hemicellulase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, phosphatase, urease and glucose oxidase.

[0078] For example, the microbial suspension includes microorganisms, and the microorganisms include one or more of the genera Dechloromonas, Gemma-timonadaceae, Steroidobacteraceae, Saprospiraceae and Comamonas.

[0079] The organic pollutants in the water body mainly include polycarboxylic acid compounds of humic acid and fulvic acid, chlorinated organic matter, steroidal compounds and petroleum hydrocarbon organic matter. The above-mentioned microorganisms can biodegrade at least one of the organic pollutants in the water body to ensure the purification effect of the water body.

[0080] Furthermore, the plasma treatment time is 8s~15s.

[0081] During the plasma treatment, high-energy particles bombard the surface of the biofilm carrier, causing physical etching and chemical activation of the surface of the biofilm carrier, thereby improving the surface properties of the biofilm carrier. Further limiting the working gas and process parameters of the plasma treatment can control the roughening degree and activation level of the biofilm carrier surface to increase its surface area and biological attachment points, which can effectively avoid surface damage or performance degradation caused by excessive treatment.

[0082] In one example, before the step of plasma-modifying the surface of the biofilm carrier using plasma treatment, the following step is also included: step a, cleaning and drying the biofilm carrier.

[0083] In one example, step a includes: cleaning and drying the biofilm carrier, wherein the drying temperature is 30°C to 60°C.

[0084] Cleaning and drying the biofilm carrier can effectively remove dust, grease, microbial residues and other impurities on the surface of the biofilm carrier, so that the high-energy particles of the subsequent plasma treatment can directly act on the carrier surface to increase the surface roughness and active sites and increase the attachment points of the biofilm.

[0085] See also Figure 1 In one example, the biofilm preparation steps include:

[0086] Step a, washing and drying the biofilm carrier; wherein the drying temperature is 30°C to 60°C;

[0087] Step b, at 80°C to 170°C, plasma treatment is used to perform plasma modification on the surface of the biofilm carrier to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the plasma treatment time is 8s to 15s; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of performing the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, and the active sites include hydroxyl groups;

[0088] Step c, fixing the active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification and prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the fixation of the active enzyme includes at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction;

[0089] Step d, applying a microbial suspension to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganisms to inoculate the microorganisms onto the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer to prepare the biofilm; wherein the microorganisms are microorganisms capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

[0090] In one example, the biofilm decontamination steps include:

[0091] Step a, washing and drying the biofilm carrier; wherein the drying temperature is 30°C to 60°C;

[0092] Step b, at 80°C to 170°C, plasma treatment is used to perform plasma modification on the surface of the biofilm carrier to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the plasma treatment time is 8s to 15s; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of performing the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, wherein the active sites include hydroxyl groups;

[0093] Step c, fixing the active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification and prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the fixation of the active enzyme includes at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction;

[0094] Step d, applying a microbial suspension to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to inoculate the microorganism to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer, and preparing the biofilm; wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body;

[0095] Step e: fixing the biofilm in a water body to purify the water body.

[0096] In one example, the ecological restoration method further includes:

[0097] One or more of step S401, shore restoration, step S402, ecological purification, step S403, oxygenation treatment and step S404, aquatic plant planting.

[0098] In one example, in step S401, the shore restoration method includes planting terrestrial plants. Furthermore, the shore restoration method includes: restoring the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection.

[0099] In one example, in step S402, the ecological purification step includes: adding a bio-enzyme preparation to the water body. Adding a bio-enzyme preparation can accelerate the biodegradation process of organic pollutants to catalyze the conversion of pollutants into harmless or more bio-processable substances, thereby reducing harmful chemicals in the water body.

[0100] In order to give full play to the biodegradation and purification efficiency of bioenzyme preparations, the bioenzyme preparations can effectively decompose organic pollutants in water bodies, while avoiding waste of resources caused by excessive concentration. In one example, the amount of bioenzyme preparation added per cubic meter of water is 5g / m 3 ~8g / m 3 Furthermore, the dosage of the bio-enzyme preparation includes but is not limited to 5 g / m 3 5.5 g / m 3 , 6 g / m 3 , 6.5 g / m 3 , 7 g / m 3 , 7.5 g / m 3 , 8 g / m 3 .

[0101] In one example, the biological enzyme preparation includes, by weight, 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite.

[0102] In the present application, compound enzyme refers to a preparation containing multiple enzymes, and for example, compound enzyme includes at least two of protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, ligninase and pectinase. The present application optimizes the components of biological enzyme preparations, wherein compound enzyme can effectively catalyze the biodegradation of pollutants, and activated carbon can provide adsorption sites for compound enzymes to improve their stability and bioavailability; further cooperate with sodium polyacrylate, which can effectively enhance the viscosity of biological enzyme preparations to ensure the uniform distribution of biological enzyme preparations and make them attached to the surface of pollutants. In addition, zeolite powder and bentonite are selected as fillers, which can fix and adsorb heavy metal ions and ammonia nitrogen on the one hand, and can also enhance the suspension and persistence of biological enzyme preparations on the other hand. Therefore, the above-mentioned biological enzyme preparations can effectively decompose pollutants, and the synergistic effect of each component can optimize the performance of compound enzymes and water purification effects. Further, the weight parts of sodium polyacrylate include but are not limited to 40 parts, 41 parts, 45 parts, 46 parts, 48 ​​parts, 50 parts, 55 parts or 60 parts. The weight proportion of activated carbon includes, but is not limited to, 10, 11, 12, 15 or 18 parts. The weight proportion of zeolite powder includes, but is not limited to, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts. The weight proportion of bentonite includes, but is not limited to, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts.

[0103] In one example, in step S403, the oxygenation treatment step includes: increasing dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration. Increasing dissolved oxygen can accelerate the degradation rate of pollutants and improve the self-purification capacity of the water body.

[0104] In one example, step S404, the step of planting aquatic plants includes: planting lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body. Planting aquatic plants can purify the water body and improve water quality through the absorption, adsorption and decomposition of plants.

[0105] In one example, the ecological restoration includes the following steps:

[0106] Step S401, shore restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection.

[0107] Step S402, ecological purification: add a biological enzyme preparation into the water body, and the amount of the biological enzyme preparation added per cubic meter of water body is 5g / m 3 ~8g / m 3 ; By weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite.

[0108] Step S403, oxygenation treatment: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration.

[0109] Step S404, planting aquatic plants: planting lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body.

[0110] Step S405, fix the biofilm under or on the side of the water body to purify the water body; wherein, the preparation steps of the biofilm include: step a, cleaning and drying the biofilm carrier; wherein, the drying temperature is 30°C~60°C; step b, at 80°C~170°C, plasma-modify the surface of the biofilm carrier by plasma treatment to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein, the plasma treatment body includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the plasma treatment time is 8s~15s; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to cause the surface of the biofilm carrier to be etched and Activation to form a roughened surface and active sites, wherein the active sites include hydroxyl groups; step c, fixing the active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification and prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the active enzyme is fixed in the following manner: physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and at least one of molecular interactions; step d, coating a microbial suspension on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to inoculate the microorganism onto the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer and prepare the biofilm; wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

[0111] In one example, the water purification method also includes the following steps: step S20, source control and pollution interception; step S30, internal source treatment; and step S50, restoration, monitoring and management; wherein the ecological restoration step is performed after the internal source treatment step and before the restoration, monitoring and management step.

[0112] In one example, the steps of source control and interception are preceded by the steps of environmental investigation:

[0113] Step S10: Divide the water body into several treatment and restoration areas and detect the water body in each treatment and restoration area, investigate the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtain environmental status data.

[0114] In one example, in step S20, the step of controlling the source of pollution includes: checking and intercepting the sewage outlet of the water body to control the discharge of sewage into the water body from the source.

[0115] In one example, in step S30, the internal source management includes one or more of step S301, garbage cleaning; step S302, flocculation and sedimentation; and step S303, silt removal and dredging.

[0116] In one example, in step S301, the garbage cleaning includes one or more of cleaning coastal garbage, cleaning seasonal fallen leaves, cleaning biological residues, and cleaning floating objects. Cleaning coastal garbage and seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological residues and floating objects contained in the water body can effectively avoid secondary pollution caused by their decay.

[0117] In one example, in step S302, the flocculation and sedimentation step includes: adding a flocculant into the water body.

[0118] In one example, the amount of flocculant added per cubic meter of water is 95 g / m 3 ~110g / m 3 The limited amount of flocculant added can ensure the flocculation effect in the water treatment process, promote the fine particles suspended in the water to condense into larger flocs, and thus remove the suspended solids, colloidal substances and certain soluble substances in the water. Further, the amount of flocculant added includes but is not limited to 95g / m 3 , 100 g / m 3 , 105 g / m 3 , 108 g / m 3 or 110g / m 3 .

[0119] In one example, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 to 100 parts of activated carbon, in parts by weight. Among the above components, aluminum sulfate, polyferric sulfate, and ferric chloride are inorganic flocculants, which can provide a large amount of positive charge to neutralize the negative charge suspended in the water body to promote the aggregation and sedimentation of particles; in addition, the addition of polyvinyl alcohol can form larger flocs through bridging to improve the structure and stability of the flocs, making the flocs easier to precipitate and separate. In addition, the addition of amylase and activated carbon can reduce the chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand of the water body on the one hand, and improve the biodegradability of the water body; on the other hand, it can adsorb organic matter, pigments and odors in the water.

[0120] Further, the weight parts of polyferric sulfate include but are not limited to 40 parts, 41 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts or 60 parts. The weight parts of ferric chloride include but are not limited to 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts or 30 parts. The weight parts of polyvinyl alcohol include but are not limited to 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts or 30 parts. The weight parts of amylase include but are not limited to 15 parts, 16 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts or 20 parts. The weight parts of activated carbon include but are not limited to 90 parts, 91 parts, 92 parts, 95 parts, 98 parts or 100 parts.

[0121] In one example, in step S303, the dredging includes cleaning the bottom mud. Using the dredging method to clean the bottom mud can quickly reduce the endogenous pollution load.

[0122] In one example, in step S50, the restoration monitoring and management step includes: regular detection and regular inspection and maintenance of water bodies in several treatment and restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the treatment and restoration areas.

[0123] See also Figure 2 In one example, a method for purifying a water body includes the following steps:

[0124] Step S10, environmental investigation: divide the water body into several treatment and restoration areas and detect the water body in each treatment and restoration area, investigate the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtain environmental status data.

[0125] Step S20, source control and pollution interception: Investigate and intercept the sewage outlets of the water body to control the discharge of sewage into the water body from the source.

[0126] Step S30, internal source management: including the following steps:

[0127] Step S301, garbage cleaning: cleaning coastal garbage, seasonal fallen leaves, biological remains and floating objects;

[0128] Step S302, flocculation and sedimentation: Add flocculant into the water body, and the amount of flocculant added per cubic meter of water body is 95g / m 3 ~110g / m 3 ; In parts by weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 to 100 parts of activated carbon;

[0129] Step S303, dredging: clearing the bottom mud.

[0130] Step S40, ecological restoration, includes the following steps:

[0131] Step S401, shore restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection.

[0132] Step S402, ecological purification: add a biological enzyme preparation into the water body, and the amount of the biological enzyme preparation added per cubic meter of water body is 5g / m 3 ~8g / m 3 ; By weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite.

[0133] Step S403, oxygenation treatment: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration.

[0134] Step S404, planting aquatic plants: planting lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body.

[0135] Step S405, biofilm purification treatment: fix the biofilm below or on the side of the water body to purify the water body; wherein, the biofilm preparation step includes: step a, cleaning and drying the biofilm carrier; wherein, the drying temperature is 30°C~60°C; step b, at 80°C~170°C, plasma-modify the surface of the biofilm carrier by plasma treatment to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein, the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the plasma treatment time is 8s~15s; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier , so that the surface of the biofilm carrier is etched and activated to form a roughened surface and active sites, wherein the active sites include hydroxyl groups; step c, fixing the active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification and prepare an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the fixation method of the active enzyme includes: at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction; step d, coating the microbial suspension on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to inoculate the microorganism onto the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer and prepare the biofilm.

[0136] Step S50, restoration monitoring management: regular inspection and maintenance of the water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas.

[0137] The present application improves the self-purification capacity of the water body by restoring the natural form and biodiversity near the water body; and increases the dissolved oxygen content in the water body through aeration treatment to promote the decomposition of organic matter in the water and reduce the generation of black and smelly substances; in addition, the step of removing silt and debris in rivers and lakes can improve the transparency of the water body and reduce the odor impact on the water body caused by the release of pollutants in the bottom mud. Specific biological enzyme preparations are selected to oxidize and decompose organic matter in the water body and produce chemical reactions to further reduce the pollutant content of the water body, accelerate the decomposition and degradation of organic matter, and improve the treatment effect of odor in black and smelly water bodies; at the same time, specific biofilms in this application are selected to adsorb, decompose and transform organic matter, degrade organic matter, thereby improving the quality of the water body, maintaining the improvement of water quality for a long time and realizing ecological restoration. That is, the present application provides a systematic purification method for water bodies, which can comprehensively manage and control water bodies to maintain excellent water quality.

[0138] In one of the examples, the water body is black and smelly water in a river.

[0139] The following further specific examples are provided to explain the present application in detail. It should also be understood that the following examples are only used to further explain the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above content of the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application. The specific process parameters of the following embodiments are also only examples within a suitable range, that is, those skilled in the art can make a selection within a suitable range through the description herein, and are not necessarily limited to the specific values ​​of the embodiments below.

[0140] Example 1

[0141] Example 1 of the present application provides a method for purifying and treating black and smelly water in a river, comprising the following steps: river environment investigation, source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment, ecological restoration and restoration monitoring and management steps.

[0142] The steps of environmental investigation include: dividing the black and odorous water river into several treatment and restoration areas and testing the water bodies in each treatment and restoration area, investigating the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtaining environmental status data.

[0143] The steps of source control and pollution interception include: checking and intercepting sewage outlets on both sides of the river, controlling the discharge of sewage into the river water from the source, and reducing the pollution load entering the river.

[0144] The steps of internal source treatment include: (1) cleaning up coastal garbage to reduce the source of pollutants; (2) cleaning up seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological debris and floating objects to prevent them from rotting and causing secondary pollution; (3) adding flocculants to the water in the restoration area. The amount of flocculants added is 95g / m3 per cubic meter of water.3 ; In terms of weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of amylase, and 90 parts of activated carbon; (4) dredging: using dredging methods to clean up riverbed mud and quickly reduce endogenous pollution loads.

[0145] The steps of ecological restoration include: (1) riverbank restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection; (2) ecological purification: add biological enzyme preparations to the river water body, and the amount of biological enzyme preparations added is 5g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3; In terms of weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme (including lipase, amylase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts of bentonite; (3) Oxygenation treatment: increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body through aeration, accelerate the degradation rate of pollutants, and improve the self-purification capacity of the water body; (4) Aquatic plant planting: plant lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body to purify the water body and improve the water quality through the absorption, adsorption and decomposition of plants; (5) Biofilm purification: use anchoring devices to firmly attach The biofilm is installed on the anchoring device at the bottom or side wall of the river channel, and the microorganisms adhere to the carrier to reproduce and degrade organic pollutants through biological action to purify the water body; wherein the preparation steps of the biofilm include: step (5-1), cleaning the biofilm carrier made of polylactic acid material, and drying the cleaned biofilm carrier, the drying temperature is 60°C, and the drying time is 8 minutes; step (5-2), placing the biofilm carrier in the treatment area of ​​the plasma treatment equipment, and using the plasma jet equipment to perform plasma treatment on the biofilm carrier, the treatment process The high-energy particles in the oxygen plasma bombard the surface of the biofilm carrier to cause its surface to be plasma-modified, wherein the plasma acts on the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, thereby increasing its surface area and biological attachment points. The plasma treatment temperature is 80° C. and the plasma treatment time is 15 seconds to prepare a modified biofilm carrier. Step (5-3), contacting the active enzyme (the active enzyme includes cellulase, amylase and protease in a mass ratio of 1:1:1) with the modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the physical attachment and active enzyme and the coupling connection or intermolecular interaction between the active sites, so that the active enzyme is fixed on the surface of the modified biofilm carrier, the biological affinity is further enhanced, and the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier is prepared; step (5-4), inoculating the cultured microorganisms onto the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier in a microbial incubator, specifically comprising: spraying a microbial suspension (which includes microbial bacteria, and the microbial bacteria are Dechloromonas) on the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to make the microorganism adhere to and be inoculated on the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, forming a microbial load layer, and preparing a biofilm.

[0146] The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas, and regular manual inspections and maintenance.

[0147] Comparative Example 1

[0148] Comparative Example 1 of the present application provides a method for purifying and treating black and smelly water in a river, comprising the following steps: river environment investigation, source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment, ecological restoration and restoration monitoring and management steps.

[0149] The steps of environmental investigation include: dividing the black and odorous water body river into several treatment and restoration areas and testing the water bodies in each treatment and restoration area, investigating the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtaining environmental status data.

[0150] The steps of source control and pollution interception include: checking and intercepting sewage outlets on both sides of the river, controlling the discharge of sewage into the river water from the source, and reducing the pollution load entering the river.

[0151] The steps of internal source treatment include: (1) cleaning up coastal garbage to reduce the source of pollutants; (2) cleaning up seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological debris and floating objects to prevent them from decaying and causing secondary pollution; (3) adding flocculants to the water in the restoration area. The amount of flocculants added is 95g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of amylase, and 90 parts of activated carbon; (4) dredging: using dredging methods to clean up riverbed mud and quickly reduce endogenous pollution loads.

[0152] The steps of ecological restoration include: (1) riverbank restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection; (2) ecological purification: add biological enzyme preparations to the river water body, and the amount of biological enzyme preparations added is 5g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3; In terms of weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme (including lipase, amylase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts of bentonite; (3) oxygenation treatment: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration, accelerating the degradation rate of pollutants, and improving the self-purification capacity of the water body; (4) planting aquatic plants: planting lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body, purifying the water body and improving the water quality through the absorption, adsorption and decomposition of plants; (5) biofilm purification: using an anchoring device to firmly attach to the bottom or side wall of the river channel, installing the biofilm on the anchoring device, microorganisms attach to the carrier to reproduce and degrade organic pollutants through biological action to purify the water body; wherein the preparation steps of the biofilm include: step (5-1), cleaning the biofilm carrier made of polylactic acid material, drying the cleaned biofilm carrier, the drying temperature is 60°C, and the drying time is 8mi n; step (5-2), placing the biofilm carrier in the treatment area of ​​the plasma treatment equipment, using the plasma jet equipment to perform plasma treatment on the biofilm carrier, during the treatment process, the high-energy particles in the oxygen plasma will bombard the surface of the biofilm carrier to cause the surface to be plasma-modified, wherein the plasma acts on the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, thereby increasing its surface area and biological attachment points, the plasma treatment temperature is 80°C, the plasma treatment time is 15s, and a modified biofilm carrier is prepared; step (5-3), inoculating the cultured microorganisms onto the modified biofilm carrier in a microbial incubator, the specific steps comprising: spraying a microbial suspension (which includes microbial bacteria, the microbial bacteria are Dechloromonas genus) on the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, utilizing the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganism to cause the microorganism to adhere to and be inoculated on the surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, forming a microbial load layer, and preparing a biofilm.

[0153] The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas, and regular manual inspections and maintenance.

[0154] Comparative Example 2

[0155] The method for purifying and treating black and smelly water in a river of Comparative Example 2 comprises the following steps: river environment investigation, source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment and restoration monitoring and management steps.

[0156] The steps of environmental investigation include: dividing the black and odorous water body river into several treatment and restoration areas and testing the water bodies in each treatment and restoration area, investigating the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtaining environmental status data.

[0157] The steps of source control and pollution interception include: checking and intercepting sewage outlets on both sides of the river, controlling the discharge of sewage into the river water from the source, and reducing the pollution load entering the river.

[0158] The steps of internal source treatment include: (1) cleaning up coastal garbage to reduce the source of pollutants; (2) cleaning up seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological debris and floating objects to prevent them from decaying and causing secondary pollution; (3) adding flocculants to the water in the restoration area. The amount of flocculants added is 95g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of amylase, and 90 parts of activated carbon; (4) dredging: using dredging methods to clean up riverbed mud and quickly reduce endogenous pollution loads.

[0159] The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas, and regular manual inspections and maintenance.

[0160] Comparative Example 3

[0161] The method for purifying and treating black and smelly water in a river of Comparative Example 3 comprises the following steps: river environment investigation, source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment, ecological restoration and restoration monitoring and management steps.

[0162] The steps of environmental investigation include: dividing the black and odorous water body river into several treatment and restoration areas and testing the water bodies in each treatment and restoration area, investigating the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtaining environmental status data.

[0163] The steps of source control and pollution interception include: checking and intercepting sewage outlets on both sides of the river, controlling the discharge of sewage into the river water from the source, and reducing the pollution load entering the river.

[0164] The steps of internal source treatment include: (1) cleaning up coastal garbage to reduce the source of pollutants; (2) cleaning up seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological debris and floating objects to prevent them from decaying and causing secondary pollution; (3) adding flocculants to the water in the restoration area. The amount of flocculants added is 95g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of amylase, and 90 parts of activated carbon; (4) dredging: using dredging methods to clean up riverbed mud and quickly reduce endogenous pollution loads.

[0165] The steps of ecological restoration include: (1) riverbank restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection; (2) ecological purification: add biological enzyme preparations to the river water body, and the amount of biological enzyme preparations added is 5g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme (including lipase, amylase, and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts of bentonite; (3) Oxygenation treatment: increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body through aeration, accelerate the degradation rate of pollutants, and improve the self-purification capacity of the water body; (4) Aquatic plant planting: plant lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body to purify the water body and improve the water quality through the absorption, adsorption and decomposition of the plants.

[0166] The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas, and regular manual inspections and maintenance.

[0167] Comparative Example 4

[0168] The method for purifying and treating black and smelly water in a river of comparative example 4 comprises the following steps: river environment investigation, source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment, ecological restoration and restoration monitoring and management steps.

[0169] The steps of environmental investigation include: dividing the black and odorous water body river into several treatment and restoration areas and testing the water bodies in each treatment and restoration area, investigating the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area, and obtaining environmental status data.

[0170] The steps of source control and pollution interception include: checking and intercepting sewage outlets on both sides of the river, controlling the discharge of sewage into the river water from the source, and reducing the pollution load entering the river.

[0171] The steps of internal source treatment include: (1) cleaning up coastal garbage to reduce the source of pollutants; (2) cleaning up seasonal fallen leaves, aquatic plants and other biological debris and floating objects to prevent them from decaying and causing secondary pollution; (3) adding flocculants to the water in the restoration area. The amount of flocculants added is 95g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of amylase, and 90 parts of activated carbon; (4) dredging: using dredging methods to clean up riverbed mud and quickly reduce endogenous pollution loads.

[0172] The steps of ecological restoration include: (1) riverbank restoration: restore the natural purification function of the water body by planting grass ditches and ecological bank protection; (2) ecological purification: add biological enzyme preparations to the river water body, and the amount of biological enzyme preparations added is 5g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ; In terms of weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme (including lipase, amylase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts of bentonite; (3) Oxygenation treatment: increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration, accelerate the degradation rate of pollutants, and improve the self-purification capacity of the water body; (4) Aquatic plant planting: plant lotus roots and cattail aquatic plants in the water body, purify the water body and improve the water quality through the absorption, adsorption and decomposition of plants; (5) Biofilm purification: use an anchor device to firmly attach to the bottom or side wall of the river channel, and conduct biofilm purification on the anchor device. The invention relates to a method for preparing a biofilm, wherein the biofilm carrier is installed, the microorganisms adhere to the carrier to reproduce and degrade organic pollutants through biological action to purify the water body; wherein the preparation steps of the biofilm include: step (5-1), cleaning the biofilm carrier made of polylactic acid material, and drying the cleaned biofilm carrier at a drying temperature of 60°C; step (5-2), inoculating the cultured microorganisms onto the modified biofilm carrier in a microorganism incubator, and the specific steps include: spraying a microbial suspension (which includes microorganisms, and the microorganisms are Dechloromonas) on the surface of the biofilm carrier, allowing the microorganisms to adhere to and be inoculated on the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer to prepare the biofilm.

[0173] The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection of water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas, and regular manual inspections and maintenance.

[0174] Performance Testing:

[0175] 1. Organic matter and nutrient removal effect: Detect the chemical oxygen demand (COD concentration), nitrogen and phosphorus content, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD concentration) of the water body, and measure the change in pH value at the same time to evaluate the purification degree of the black and odorous water body in the river by the purification and restoration methods of the embodiment and the comparative example. Among them, the higher the values ​​of the chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and biochemical oxygen demand of the water body, the lower the purification degree of the water body; the pH value is in the range of 6.5~7.5, which is more suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms and aquatic plants.

[0176] 2. Changes in water smell, color and turbidity: Detect the odor concentration OU value of water samples. The specific test results are shown in the odor concentration in Table 1. Among them, the higher the odor concentration value, the lower the degree of water purification.

[0177] 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) test: The sample was adhered to the sample stage with conductive glue and gold-sprayed on the surface. The surface morphology of the sample was observed with a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss, Germany, model: Merlin). The accelerating voltage was 3 kV. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the polylactic acid fiber biofilm carrier selected in step (5-1) of Example 1 of this application, the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier prepared in step (5-3), and the biofilm prepared in step (5-4) were tested. The corresponding test results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 3~Figure 5 shown.

[0178] 4. Infrared spectrum test: The sample powder was mixed with potassium bromide powder and pressed into tablets. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Bruker, Germany, model: TENSOR27) was used to detect the infrared spectrum at 500 cm -1 ~4000 cm -1 Infrared spectrum information within the wavenumber range. Infrared spectra of the polylactic acid fiber biofilm carrier selected in step (5-1) of Example 1 of the present application (corresponding to the curve before modification) and the modified biofilm carrier prepared in step (5-2) (corresponding to the curve after modification).

[0179] Table 1

[0180]

[0181] Compare Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that compared with the biofilm carrier surface without plasma treatment ( Figure 3 ), plasma-modified and enzyme-modified surfaces ( Figure 4 ) The surface roughness is high and the specific surface area is large, which can provide more attachment sites for microorganisms. In addition, Figure 4 In the SEM image shown, the white dots represent aggregates of active enzyme molecules; at this time, a large number of active enzyme molecules are loaded on the biofilm carrier, indicating that the roughened surface and active sites formed by plasma modification are more conducive to the loading of active enzyme molecules. Figure 5 The white marked area corresponds to a large amount of microbial load. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the introduction of active enzymes increases the affinity between the biofilm carrier and the microorganisms. Figure 6 In the figure, "before modification" corresponds to the polylactic acid fiber biofilm carrier before plasma modification, and "after modification" corresponds to the modified biofilm carrier prepared after plasma modification; Figure 6 It can be seen that after the biofilm carrier is treated with plasma, the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the modified biofilm carrier increases, and at this time, more attachment sites for fixing active enzymes are formed.

[0182] As can be seen from Table 1, the biofilm in Example 1 has been treated with plasma and enzyme immobilization, so that its biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen content, chemical oxygen demand and pH value are all reduced, indicating that the purification and treatment method of Example 1 has excellent removal effects of organic matter and nutrients; at the same time, the odor concentration of Example 1 is relatively low, indicating that the purification and treatment method of Example 1 of the present application is the most excellent. That is, the specific biofilm of the present application enables microorganisms to effectively attach to the carrier and reproduce, and degrade organic pollutants through biological action, which effectively improves the biological activity of microorganisms, thereby improving the treatment effect and water purification capacity of black and odorous water bodies. This shows that the combination of physical, chemical and biological methods to modify the surface of the biofilm carrier can promote the attachment and growth of microorganisms on the carrier surface, improve the formation speed and stability of the biofilm, and accelerate the formation process of the biofilm while ensuring the quality of biofilm formation.

[0183] The biofilm in Comparative Example 1 was not loaded with enzymes, and its purification degree was poorer than that in Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, no ecological restoration step was performed, and its purification degree was limited. Comparative Example 3 did not contain a biofilm purification step, and its purification effect was slightly better than that in Comparative Example 2, but the purification degree was still limited. The biofilm in Comparative Example 4 was not treated with plasma, and no enzyme was fixed, resulting in limited ecological restoration of the water body, and its purification effect was poorer than that in Example 1.

[0184] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0185] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present application in detail, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the scope of protection of the present application. It should be understood that the technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the technical solutions provided in the present application are all within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of this application shall be based on the content of the attached claims, and the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for purifying a water body, characterized in that: The method comprises an ecological restoration step, wherein the ecological restoration step comprises a biofilm purification step, wherein the biofilm purification step comprises: fixing the biofilm on the bottom or side wall of the river channel to purify the water body; The steps of preparing the biofilm include: Plasma treatment is used to modify the surface of a biofilm carrier to prepare a modified biofilm carrier; wherein the temperature of the plasma treatment is 80°C to 170°C, the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of performing the plasma modification includes at least: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites; Immobilizing an active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification, thereby preparing an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the immobilization of the active enzyme comprises at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction; The microbial suspension is applied to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, and the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganisms is utilized to cause the microorganisms to adhere to and be inoculated on the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial loading layer, thereby preparing the biofilm; wherein the microorganisms are microorganisms capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body; Wherein, the material of the biofilm carrier includes one or more of degradable polymers and natural fibers; The active enzymes include one or more of protease, amylase, laccase, cellulase, hemicellulase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, phosphatase, urease and glucose oxidase; The microbial suspension includes microorganisms, and the microorganisms include one or more of the genera Dechloromonas, Gemmatimonas, Steroidobacterium, Saprospira and Comamonas.

2. The water purification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biofilm preparation step has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) In the step of plasma-modifying the surface of the biofilm carrier using plasma treatment, the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the active sites formed include hydroxyl groups; (2) In the step of plasma modification of the surface of the biofilm carrier using plasma treatment, the plasma treatment time is 8s~15s.

3. The water purification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of preparing the biofilm include: The biofilm carrier is washed and dried; wherein the drying temperature is 30°C to 60°C; The surface of the biofilm carrier is plasma-modified by plasma treatment at 80° C. to 170° C. to prepare the modified biofilm carrier; wherein the plasma treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment, and the plasma treatment time is 8 seconds to 15 seconds; the plasma modification includes etching and activation, and the process of performing the plasma modification at least includes: applying plasma to the surface of the biofilm carrier to etch and activate the surface of the biofilm carrier to form a roughened surface and active sites, wherein the active sites include hydroxyl groups; Immobilizing an active enzyme on the plasma-modified surface of the modified biofilm carrier to achieve enzyme modification, thereby preparing an enzyme-modified biofilm carrier; wherein the immobilization of the active enzyme comprises at least one of physical attachment, coupling connection between the active enzyme and the active site, and intermolecular interaction; A microbial suspension is applied to the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier, and the affinity between the active enzyme and the microorganisms is utilized to make the microorganisms adhere to and be inoculated onto the enzyme-modified surface of the enzyme-modified biofilm carrier to form a microbial load layer, thereby preparing the biofilm; wherein the microorganisms are microorganisms capable of biodegrading organic pollutants in the water body.

4. The water purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The ecological restoration step further includes one or more of shore restoration, ecological purification, oxygenation treatment, and aquatic plant planting. The ecological restoration step of the water body has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) The shore restoration method includes planting terrestrial plants; (2) The oxygenation treatment step includes: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration; (3) The aquatic plant planting includes one or more of lotus root planting and cattail planting.

5. The water purification method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ecological purification step includes: adding a biological enzyme preparation to the water body; The step of adding the bio-enzyme preparation to the water body has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) The dosage of the bio-enzyme preparation is 5g / m3 of water. 3 ~8g / m 3 ; (2) In parts by weight, the bioenzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite.

6. The water purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The water purification and treatment method also includes the steps of source control and pollution interception, internal source treatment and restoration monitoring and management performed in sequence; wherein the ecological restoration step is performed after the internal source treatment step and before the restoration monitoring and management step.

7. The water purification method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The internal source treatment includes one or more of garbage cleaning, flocculation sedimentation and dredging; the internal source treatment has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) The garbage cleaning includes one or more of cleaning coastal garbage, cleaning seasonal fallen leaves, cleaning biological debris and cleaning floating objects; (2) The dredging includes clearing the bottom mud.

8. The water purification method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flocculation and sedimentation step includes: adding a flocculant into the water body; The step of adding a flocculant to the water body has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) The dosage of the flocculant is 95g / m3 of water. 3 ~110g / m 3 ; (2) In parts by weight, the flocculant includes 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 parts to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 parts to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 parts to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 parts to 100 parts of activated carbon.

9. The water purification method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water purification method has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) The steps of source control and interception include: checking and intercepting the sewage outlets of the water body to control the discharge of sewage into the water body from the source and reduce the pollution load entering the water body; (2) The steps of restoration monitoring and management include: regular inspection and maintenance of the water bodies in several restoration areas and the surrounding environment of the restoration areas.

10. The water purification method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before the steps of source control and pollution interception, an environmental investigation step is also included; The water purification and treatment method comprises the following steps: Environmental survey: Divide the water body into several treatment and restoration areas and conduct water testing in each treatment and restoration area. Investigate the surrounding environment and pollution source status of the treatment and restoration area to obtain environmental status data; Source control and pollution interception: Investigate and intercept sewage outlets in water bodies to control the discharge of sewage into water bodies from the source and reduce the pollution load entering the water bodies; Internal source treatment: The internal source treatment includes garbage cleaning, flocculation and sedimentation, and dredging steps in sequence; wherein, the garbage cleaning includes one or more of cleaning coastal garbage, cleaning seasonal fallen leaves, cleaning biological debris, and cleaning floating objects; the flocculation and sedimentation includes: adding flocculants to the water body, and the amount of flocculants added per cubic meter of water body is 95g / m 3 ~110g / m 3 The flocculant comprises, by weight, 100 parts of aluminum sulfate, 40 to 60 parts of polyferric sulfate, 20 to 30 parts of ferric chloride, 20 to 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 to 30 parts of amylase, and 90 to 100 parts of activated carbon; the dredging comprises cleaning the bottom mud; Ecological restoration: The ecological restoration includes the steps of shore restoration, ecological purification, oxygenation, aquatic plant planting and biofilm purification in sequence; wherein, the shore restoration method includes planting terrestrial plants; the ecological purification includes: adding a bioenzyme preparation to the water body, and the amount of the bioenzyme preparation added is 5g / m3 per cubic meter of water. 3 ~8g / m 3 ; By weight, the biological enzyme preparation includes 100 parts of complex enzyme, 40 parts to 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts to 18 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts to 10 parts of zeolite powder, and 5 parts to 10 parts of bentonite; the oxygenation treatment includes: increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water body by aeration; the aquatic plant planting includes planting one or more of lotus root and cattail aquatic plants; Restoration monitoring and management: Regular inspection and maintenance of water bodies and surrounding environments in several restoration areas.

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