A method for controlling grassland desertification using ecological vegetation

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of grassland ecological technology, and specifically relates to a method for controlling grassland desertification land using ecological vegetation, including: sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer; constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: transplanting shrubs in desert grassland soil, or cutting dead branches or dead branches with leaves. The method also includes the step of applying a water-retaining substance, and the formula of the water-retaining substance is as follows: 500-600 parts of water-retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50-80 parts of probiotics. The present invention uses theories and technical means such as ecology, soil science, plant nutrition, and reasonable construction technology of litter layer to develop a method for controlling desertified grassland with water retention, rapid vegetation growth, and good control effect, forming a new idea, new concept, and new method suitable for ecological restoration of Ordos desert grassland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland ecology, and in particular relates to a method for treating grassland desertification land by utilizing ecological vegetation. Background Art

[0002] Existing technical methods for grassland ecological restoration, such as reseeding, fertilization, irrigation, loosening soil, root cutting and other technical measures, have obvious ecological restoration effects in typical grasslands and meadow grasslands with relatively good water conditions; however, due to harsh environmental factors such as low precipitation and severe soil erosion, general ecological restoration technical measures are not ideal in desert grassland vegetation restoration.

[0003] Take the Ordos Desert Grassland as an example. It is located in the southwest of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the heart of the Ordos Plateau. It is a transition zone from grassland to desert grassland. The geographical environment is complex and changeable, with little precipitation and high evaporation, resulting in serious loss of water and soil resources. At present, the governance of the Ordos Desert Grassland is mainly reflected in preventing the "four abuses", that is, preventing the abuse of reclamation, grazing, logging, and water resources. Among them, the protection of water resources is the top priority of desert grassland governance.

[0004] Water retainers are a prominent product for maintaining moisture and soil in desert steppes. Zhang Geyan et al. (Zhang Geyan, Hasibilige, Yu Hailong. Research on the effect of applying water retainers on vegetation growth in natural grasslands of desert steppes [J]. Rural Pastoral Mechanization, 2015 (1): 2.) studied the effect of applying water retainers on vegetation growth in desert steppes. The water retainers used were the French AQUASORB series water retainers, the main component of which was potassium-polyacrylate-purified acrylic acid phthalate copolymer. The results showed that the application of water retainers improved the trough structure, increased grass coverage, height and biomass, and improved the grassland ecology.

[0005] However, how to apply water retaining agents and how much to apply are issues that need to be studied. In addition, the main function of water retaining agents is to maintain soil moisture and prevent water loss. The growth of grassland vegetation still depends on the metabolic capacity of the vegetation itself. Therefore, the method of using water retaining agents alone to control desertified grasslands is not effective.

[0006] Based on the above reasons, the present invention combines a variety of ecological restoration technologies to avoid the problem of blindly copying the restoration measures of other ecosystems and poor restoration effects in the previous degraded grassland ecological restoration process. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for treating grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation.

[0009] (1) Sowing grass seeds in late spring or early summer;

[0010] (2) Constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: transplanting shrubs into desert steppe soil; or grafting dead branches or dead branches with leaves into desert steppe soil.

[0011] Preferably, the grass seeds are seeds of the genus Stipa, Mongolian wheatgrass, Astragalus membranaceus, Elymus dahliae or Lespedeza bicolor.

[0012] Preferably, the Stipa plant is one or more of Stipa angustifolia, Stipa purpurogena, Stipa gracilis, Stipa falcatum, Stipa psammophila, Stipa grandis, Stipa longipedula, Stipa tenuifolia, and Stipa longigula.

[0013] Preferably, the sowing rate of Stipa seeds is 5-15 g / m 2 .

[0014] Preferably, the shrub plant is Caragana korshinskii.

[0015] Preferably, the vegetation area of ​​Caragana korshinskii occupies 10-15% of the soil area of ​​the experimental field and is sown in rows.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of applying a water retaining substance, wherein the formula of the water retaining substance is as follows: 500-600 parts of water retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50-80 parts of probiotics.

[0017] Preferably, the formula of the water retaining material is as follows: 500 parts of water retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50 parts of probiotics.

[0018] Preferably, the probiotic is Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

[0019] Preferably, the water retainer is applied before sowing grass seeds and after constructing the three-dimensional grid structure, with 20-30 kg of water retainer applied per mu respectively.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention examines a number of literatures on grassland ecological structure, carefully considers the advantages and disadvantages of existing desertification grassland control methods, and on this basis, uses theories and technical means such as ecology, soil science, plant nutrition, and reasonable construction technology of litter layer to develop a desertification grassland control method that retains water, has rapid vegetation growth, and has good control effects.

[0022] This invention breaks through the technical bottleneck of desert grassland ecological restoration, proposes the best technical solution for desert grassland vegetation restoration, integrates a set of technical systems for ecological restoration relying on natural forces, and forms new ideas, concepts and methods suitable for ecological restoration of Ordos desert grassland:

[0023] First, in terms of soil restoration, we choose spring and early summer as the sowing time, relying on the wind action of the desert grassland to accumulate the surface soil eroded during the degradation process, and realize the reconstruction of the degraded grassland soil surface soil; secondly, we innovated the technical method of ecological restoration that mainly relied on reseeding to increase the number of soil seed banks in the previous vegetation restoration process. We developed a technical method for collecting wind-dispersed seeds and increasing the number of dominant species seeds entering the soil for germination and settlement. At the same time, we used the unique "self-sowing" phenomenon of Stipa seeds for the first time to develop a zero-disturbance sowing technology for Stipa seeds; thirdly, in response to the natural condition of extreme water shortage in desert grasslands, we developed a three-dimensional grid structure and water-retaining agent that fully utilizes natural precipitation, fully retains natural precipitation, improves the retention efficiency of natural precipitation, and increases the effect of ecological restoration. Based on the above three aspects, the present invention is highly innovative in technology, and some technical methods and concepts are proposed for the first time in desert grassland ecological restoration.

[0024] In addition, the present invention also proposes a new water-retaining agent formula. Experimental verification shows that after the soil is treated with the water-retaining agent, the water-retaining effect of the soil is significantly increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is the water evaporation variation curve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all reagents used are commercially available and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for treating grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation, comprising:

[0030] (1) In late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 9), sow Stipa seeds at a sowing rate of 15 g / m 2 .

[0031] The Stipa plant seeds are seeds obtained by mixing Stipa angustifolia, Stipa purpurogena, Stipa graminea, Stipa falcatum, Stipa psammophila and Stipa grandis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1.

[0032] Relying on the wind in late spring and early summer in the desert grassland, and utilizing the unique "self-seeding" phenomenon of Stipa seeds, manual sowing is done once, and subsequent sowing is done automatically with the help of wind. Automatic sowing is used to make up for the dead vegetation in the desert grassland. In this way, the number of sowing times can be reduced, the manpower and material resources consumed in sowing can be reduced, as well as the crushing of the soil by sowing machinery, thereby reducing damage to the soil.

[0033] (2) In mid-May (specifically, May 19), a three-dimensional grid structure was constructed: shrub plants were transplanted into the desert steppe soil, wherein the shrub plants were Caragana korshinskii.

[0034] The vegetation area of ​​Caragana korshinskii occupied 15% of the soil area of ​​the experimental field and was sown in rows.

[0035] At this time, the grass seeds sown in spring have already grown, and the summer rainy season is approaching. Shrub plants not only have the effect of preventing wind and fixing sand, but can also change the porosity of the soil at the cutting site. When the rainy season comes, these shrub plants can absorb and lock in moisture, and under the action of environmental microorganisms, degrade into small molecular organic matter, which not only increases the soil's water-locking effect, but also increases the soil's organic matter content, thereby enabling the vegetation on the grassland to grow rapidly and increasing the grassland vegetation coverage rate. As the vegetation coverage rate increases, its water-locking effect will also increase accordingly, thus forming a virtuous circle.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A method for treating grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation, comprising:

[0038] (1) In late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 7), sow grass seeds at a sowing rate of 5 g / m 2 .

[0039] The grass seeds are seeds of Mongolian wheatgrass, Astragalus membranaceus, Elymus dahliae and Lespedeza bicolor mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0040] After manual sowing once, the seeds can be automatically sown with the help of the spring wind in the desert grassland (no need for manual sowing again). Automatic sowing can be used to make up for the dead vegetation in the desert grassland. In this way, the number of sowing times can be reduced, the manpower and material resources consumed in sowing can be reduced, and the soil compaction by sowing machinery can be reduced, thereby reducing damage to the soil.

[0041] (2) In mid-May (specifically May 15), a three-dimensional grid structure was constructed by grafting dead branches of Caragana korshinskii with leaves into the soil of the desert steppe.

[0042] The vegetation area of ​​Caragana korshinskii dead branches accounted for 10% of the soil area of ​​the experimental field and was sown in rows.

[0043] At this time, the grass seeds sown in spring have already grown, and the summer rainy season is approaching. The dead branches not only have the effect of preventing wind and sand, but also can change the porosity of the soil at the cutting site. When the rainy season comes, these dead branches can absorb and lock moisture, and under the action of environmental microorganisms, degrade into small molecular organic matter, which not only increases the soil's water-locking effect, but also increases the soil's organic matter content, thereby enabling the vegetation on the grassland to grow rapidly and increasing the grassland vegetation coverage rate. As the vegetation coverage rate increases, its water-locking effect will also increase accordingly, thus forming a virtuous circle.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A method for treating grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation, comprising:

[0046] (1) Apply water retainer before sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 8), and apply 20 kg of water retainer per mu; sow grass seeds in late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 9), with a sowing rate of 15 g / m 2 .

[0047] The Stipa plant seeds are seeds obtained by mixing Stipa angustifolia, Stipa purpurogena, Stipa graminea, Stipa falcatum, Stipa psammophila and Stipa grandis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1.

[0048] The principle of sowing Stipa seeds is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] The formula of the water retaining material is as follows: 500 parts of water retaining agent (brand DEMI Soaker, product number 3021700009), 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50 parts of probiotics (Bifidobacterium adolescentis).

[0050] (2) In mid-May (specifically May 19), a three-dimensional grid structure was constructed: shrub plants, such as Caragana korshinskii, were transplanted into the desert steppe soil, and then 20 kg of water-retaining substances were applied per mu.

[0051] The principle of transplanting shrubs is the same as in Example 1.

[0052] The formula of the water retaining material is as follows: 500 parts of water retaining agent (brand DEMI Soaker, product number 3021700009), 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50 parts of probiotics (Bifidobacterium adolescentis).

[0053] Example 4

[0054] A method for treating grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation, comprising:

[0055] (1) Apply water retainer before sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 8), and apply 30 kg of water retainer per mu; sow grass seeds in late spring and early summer (early May, specifically May 9), with a sowing rate of 15 g / m 2 .

[0056] The Stipa plant seeds are seeds obtained by mixing Stipa angustifolia, Stipa purpurogena, Stipa graminea, Stipa falcatum, Stipa psammophila and Stipa grandis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1.

[0057] The principle of sowing Stipa seeds is the same as in Example 1.

[0058] (2) In mid-May (specifically May 19), a three-dimensional grid structure was constructed: shrub plants, such as Caragana korshinskii, were transplanted into the desert steppe soil, and then 30 kg of water-retaining substances were applied per mu.

[0059] The principle of transplanting shrubs is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] The formula of the water retaining material is as follows: 600 parts of water retaining agent (brand DEMI Soaker, item number 3021700009), 60 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 80 parts of probiotics (Bifidobacterium adolescentis).

[0061] Experiment (1) The water evaporation experiment of water retaining materials with different formulas is as follows:

[0062] 1) Grouping:

[0063] Water-retaining material 1: 500 parts of water-retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 50 parts of Bifidobacterium adolescentis;

[0064] Water-retaining material 2: water-retaining agent (same as the water-retaining agent of water-retaining material 1);

[0065] Water retainer 3: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;

[0066] Water-retaining substance 4: Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

[0067] 2) Experimental method: 1kg of soil sample (preliminary test shows that the maximum water holding capacity of the soil sample is 29%) is dried, and water retainers of different formulas are added, and mixed thoroughly. 100mg of water retainer is added per kilogram of soil sample, and deionized water equivalent to 29% of the dry weight of the soil sample is added, and mixed thoroughly to reach the state of maximum water holding capacity. The mixture is placed in a 2L beaker, and evaporated naturally in the indoor environment. It is weighed at 10 o'clock every morning, and the water evaporation amount on different evaporation days is measured:

[0068] Water evaporation amount = the weight of the mixture measured in the previous measurement - the weight of the mixture in the next measurement.

[0069] The water retention performance of different water-retaining materials is evaluated by water evaporation. The change of water evaporation with evaporation days is shown in Table 1. The change curve of evaporation on different days is shown in Figure 1 The results showed that the evaporation of water-retaining material 1 was the smallest, the evaporation of water-retaining material 3 was the largest, and the evaporation of water-retaining materials 2 and 4 were in the middle.

[0070] Table 1 Changes of water evaporation with evaporation days

[0071] Group Day 0 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days Water retaining material 1 0 27.85±2.73 42.83±2.27 29.50±3.55 24.52±2.68 Water retaining material 2 0 34.22±2.33 46.31±1.47 32.21±3.79 29.67±3.29 Water retaining material 3 0 40.29±3.38 58.61±4.63 41.19±2.95 33.98±3.85 Water retaining material 4 0 35.99±1.74 48.51±2.82 33.69±4.51 30.59±2.89

[0072] Experiment (2) Experiments on desertified grassland restoration methods of different embodiments

[0073] 1) Experimental plot establishment: 20m long and 20m wide; 5m between plots. The experimental plot is mainly composed of Stipa krylovii with uniform growth, vegetation coverage (i.e. vegetation coverage rate) of about 30%, and biomass of 100g / m 2 .

[0074] 2) Test method grouping:

[0075] Example 1 group: the test plot was treated by the method of Example 1;

[0076] Example 2 group: the test plot was treated by the method of Example 2;

[0077] Example 3 group: the test plot was treated by the method of Example 3;

[0078] Group 4 of Example 4: The test plot was treated by the method of Example 4;

[0079] Blank control group: no treatment.

[0080] Three parallel experiments were set up for each of the above groups.

[0081] The changes in vegetation coverage and biomass content before and after treatment are shown in Table 2 below. The results show that the changes in vegetation coverage and biomass before and after treatment in different treatment groups are different. After treatment using the methods of Examples 1-4 of the present invention, the vegetation coverage and biomass are significantly improved compared to the blank control group, indicating that the method of the present invention can effectively improve the ecological environment of desertified soil and has high application value.

[0082] Table 2 Changes in vegetation coverage and biomass content

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] It should be noted that when the present invention involves a numerical range, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as those in the embodiments, in order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the attached claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0086] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for controlling grassland desertification using ecological vegetation, characterized in that: (1) Sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer; (2) Constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: transplanting shrubs into desert grassland soil; the grass seeds are seeds of the genus Stipa; The sowing rate of Stipa seeds is 5-15g / m 2 ; The shrub plant is Caragana korshinskii, and the vegetation area of ​​Caragana korshinskii accounts for 10-15% of the soil area of ​​the test field, and is sown in rows; Before sowing grass seeds and after constructing the three-dimensional grid structure, 20-30 kg of water-retaining material is applied per mu. The formula of the water-retaining material is as follows: 500-600 parts of water-retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50-80 parts of probiotics; the probiotics are Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

2. The method for controlling grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Stipa plant is one or more of Stipa angustifolia, Stipa purpurogena, Stipa gracilis, Stipa falcatum, Stipa psammophila, Stipa grandis, Stipa longipedula, Stipa tenuifolia and Stipa longigula.

3. The method for controlling grassland desertification by using ecological vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of the water retaining material is as follows: 500 parts of water retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50 parts of probiotics.

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