Comprehensive design method and system for ballast type seabed monitoring subsurface buoy

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seabed monitoring, and discloses a comprehensive design method and system for a ballast type seabed monitoring subsurface buoy, and the method comprises the following steps: determining the composition and size of circuit hardware; calculating the overall power consumption; determining the volume and weight of the battery; determining a space together with a battery and other components; estimating the volume and weight of the floating body shell; measuring and calculating buoyancy and ballast balance weight; whether the overall quality and the displacement meet the layout requirements or not is judged. According to the invention, the functions of underwater laying, releasing, floating, positioning recovery and the like are realized. The volume and the stress in water are calculated according to the endurance and requirements, and the subsurface buoy can stably work at the water depth of 150 m for 500 h; experimental results verify that the stress strain of the magnesium-aluminum alloy spherical shell can bear a 160m simulated water depth pressure test. The stability and the concealment of the ocean detection work implemented on the basis of the subsurface buoy system are relatively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seabed monitoring, and in particular relates to a comprehensive design method and system for a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy. Background Art

[0002] With the in-depth development of marine resources, submersible buoys have begun to be widely used in the field of civil marine engineering. Compared with advanced underwater equipment such as underwater robots and submersibles, submersible buoys have advantages such as simple structure and low cost in some marine monitoring projects, and have great application prospects. Since the submersible buoy works in seawater, the working environment and some design points are different from those of general land equipment, and have some special requirements and methods. In marine monitoring, the submersible buoy system has the advantages of long observation time, reliable results, and high concealment. The traditional submersible buoy is connected to a buoy floating on the sea surface at the top for positioning and recovery; due to the small mass and large size of the buoy, there are errors in the accuracy of the observation results and hidden dangers in concealment.

[0003] As for the OSEN-FB buoy water quality monitoring system, although it can be powered by solar panels, it still needs batteries inside, so there is no significant reduction in weight, and the buoy needs stability in the water, so its weight cannot be too light.

[0004] In addition, since the system floats too obviously on the water surface, although it is easy to locate and salvage, there are great risks in concealment and safety. It can be used for hydrological observation, but it is absolutely not suitable for monitoring and obtaining information in certain situations (such as submarine military information, secret investigation, etc.). Therefore, the present invention has certain advantages in these two aspects (especially the second point).

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: In ocean monitoring, the submerged buoy system has the advantages of long observation time, reliable results, and high concealment. The traditional submerged buoy is connected to a buoy floating on the sea surface at the top for positioning and recovery; due to the small mass and large size of the buoy, there are errors in the accuracy of the observation results and hidden dangers in concealment. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive design method for a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy.

[0007] The present invention is implemented in this way: a comprehensive design method for a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy includes: Step 1, first determine the circuit hardware composition and size of the buoy; Step 2, testing and estimating the overall power consumption; Step 3, determine the battery capacity and weight based on power consumption and battery life; Step 4, determine the spatial three-dimensional layout of the submerged buoy together with the battery and other components; Step 5, estimating the displacement and weight of the floating body shell to calculate the buoyancy of the submerged buoy; Step 6, calculating the floating speed and floating exposure ratio according to the buoyancy, shape, and ballast weight of the hull; Step 7, judging whether the overall floating state meets the deployment requirements; If no, adjust the parameters and repeat step 5; if yes, the design is finished.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for estimating the overall power consumption is as follows: 1) Dynamic power consumption calculation, mainly considering the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and underwater acoustic amplifier power-consuming components to estimate the maximum power; 2) Static power consumption estimation: According to the design requirements of underwater endurance, the ratio of static working time to sleep time of the buoy is about 1:10; 3) Determine the capacity parameters of the battery pack based on the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy and leave enough margin.

[0009] Furthermore, the dynamic power consumption calculation mainly considers the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and power-consuming components of the underwater acoustic amplifier to estimate the maximum power: Each time the buoy is working dynamically, the two built-in DC motors, an electromagnet and an underwater acoustic power amplifier work simultaneously; the working current of each component can reach 5A, and the power consumption is 1Ah each time based on 0.2 hours of work.

[0010] Furthermore, the static power consumption is estimated, and the ratio of static working time to sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10: according to the design requirement of 500 hours of working life The static working current is 100mA, and the power consumption is 5Ah for 50 hours; the remaining 450 hours are in the dormant state with a current of 5mA and a power consumption of 2.25Ah, for a total of 8.25Ah.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery pack parameters are determined, and the capacity of the battery pack is determined to be no greater than 12Ah, with sufficient margin, in combination with the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy: Select 8 parallel 7 series 18650 lithium batteries to form a battery pack with a discharge capacity of 20Ah; a total of 56 18650 batteries are arranged vertically in a disc shape, and the total weight together with the protection plate and waterproof packaging is 3.8KG.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a ballasted seabed monitoring submersible buoy system, comprising: A circuit hardware module, used for monitoring and data collection, including a sensor, a data collection system, a communication module and a control unit, wherein the composition and size of the circuit hardware module are determined according to the monitoring requirements; A battery module is used to power the circuit hardware module, select a suitable battery type according to the overall power consumption, and calculate the volume and weight of the required battery; Internal space configuration module, used to arrange battery modules and circuit hardware modules, ensure the rational use of internal space, perform 3D modeling simulation of internal space layout, and ensure the reasonable installation and connection of various components; The floating shell module determines the shape and size of the floating shell according to the internal space configuration design, selects the appropriate material, and calculates the volume and weight of the floating shell to ensure sufficient buoyancy; The buoyancy and ballast weight module is used to measure the buoyancy and ballast weight to ensure that the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced and can be stably suspended or sunk.

[0013] Furthermore, the circuit hardware module includes: Sensors for collecting data on the seafloor environment; Data acquisition system, used to collect and process data collected by sensors; A communication module for transmitting data to a ground monitoring station; The control unit is used to coordinate the operation of each hardware module.

[0014] Further, the buoyancy and ballast weight module comprises: A device for measuring the buoyancy provided by the outer shell of the floating body; A device for measuring the overall weight of the buoy, including the weight of the battery module, circuit hardware module and buoy shell; A device for calculating the required ballast weight to ensure the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced; The dynamic simulation device is used to verify the feasibility of the buoyancy and ballast weight design, and adjust the parameters according to the simulation results to ensure that the submersible buoy can be stably suspended or sunk.

[0015] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows: First, the present invention proposes an overall design scheme for a ballast-release submersible buoy, which realizes the functions of underwater deployment, release, floating, positioning and recovery. The volume and underwater force are calculated according to the endurance and demand, and the submersible buoy can stably work at a depth of 150m for 500h; experimental results verify that the stress and strain of the magnesium-aluminum alloy spherical shell can withstand a 160m simulated water depth pressure test. The marine detection work based on this submersible buoy system has relatively improved stability and concealment.

[0016] Second, the technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad: the existing research generally focuses on the release and recovery technology of ballasted submerged buoys, and there are few contents such as system design and actual testing of submerged buoys. The present invention has achieved actual testing at a water depth of 150 meters by calculating power supply and buoyancy and using magnesium-aluminum alloy to design the shell, and the test results are in line with expectations.

[0017] Whether the technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problems that people have been eager to solve but have never succeeded in solving: Whether the technical solution of the present invention overcomes technical prejudice: In traditional cognition, "buoys" are obviously floating on the water surface and do not have the characteristics of concealment and safety. The ballast-type submersible buoy of the present invention can sink to the bottom of the water steadily and float up according to the command. Compared with traditional submersible buoys, it has stronger concealment and higher safety.

[0018] In addition, the traditional submersible buoy is connected to a buoy floating on the sea surface at the top for positioning and recovery. Due to the small mass and large volume of the buoy, there are errors in the accuracy of the observation results. The ballasted submersible buoy of the present invention can be stably stopped underwater after calculation, and can perform tasks such as data measurement and collection, with higher accuracy and reliability.

[0019] Third, the existing technical problems solved by the technical solution and the significant technological progress.

[0020] Problems with existing technologies 1) Inaccurate calculation of power consumption: In the prior art, the power consumption changes of each hardware in different working modes are often ignored, resulting in inaccurate calculation of the overall power consumption.

[0021] Inaccurate power consumption calculations lead to improper battery selection, affecting the endurance and performance of the buoy.

[0022] 2) Unreasonable internal space configuration: Traditional design methods lack reasonable configuration of internal space, and the hardware layout is chaotic, which increases the difficulty of repair and replacement of parts.

[0023] Low space utilization results in the buoy being too large or having an unstable structure.

[0024] 3) Inaccurate calculation of buoyancy and ballast weight: The calculation of buoyancy and ballast weight is complex and prone to errors, which may cause the buoy to be unable to remain stably suspended or to sink in the water.

[0025] The problem of imbalance between buoyancy and gravity seriously affects the actual application effect of the buoy.

[0026] 4) The overall quality and displacement do not meet the layout requirements: Existing methods make it difficult to accurately control the overall mass and displacement of the buoy, which often leads to failure in buoy deployment.

[0027] It is impossible to achieve efficient deployment of buoys and long-term stable operation.

[0028] Significant technological advancements: 1) Accurate power consumption calculation: The present invention calculates the power consumption of each hardware in different working modes in detail and summarizes them to obtain the overall power consumption, thereby ensuring the accuracy of power consumption data.

[0029] It provides a reasonable basis for battery selection and improves the endurance and performance stability of the buoy.

[0030] 2) Optimized internal space configuration: Through 3D modeling, the internal space configuration is designed and the components are arranged reasonably to ensure that the hardware layout is compact and orderly.

[0031] It improves space utilization, reduces the volume of the buoy, enhances structural stability, and facilitates maintenance and replacement of parts.

[0032] 3) Accurate buoyancy and ballast weight calculation: Calculate the buoyancy provided by the outer shell of the floating body and the overall weight of the buoy in detail, and accurately measure the required ballast weight.

[0033] The balance of buoyancy and gravity is verified through dynamic simulation to ensure that the buoy can stably suspend or sink in the water, thus improving the feasibility of the design and the actual application effect.

[0034] 4) Strict quality and displacement control: Accurately calculate the overall mass and displacement of the buoy, and ensure that it meets the deployment requirements by adjusting the volume of the floating shell and ballast weight parameters.

[0035] The success rate of the deployment of submerged buoys is improved, ensuring their efficient and stable operation in the seabed environment.

[0036] The present invention effectively solves many problems in the prior art through detailed circuit hardware composition and size design, accurate power consumption calculation, optimized internal space configuration, accurate buoyancy and ballast weight measurement, and strict quality and displacement control, and significantly improves the design level and application effect of ballasted submarine monitoring buoys. This technical solution has made significant technical progress in accuracy, stability and practicality, and provides a more reliable and efficient solution for the submarine monitoring field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a comprehensive design method for a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the latent buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the deployment and working mode of a ballasted submerged buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural design of a latent buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a comprehensive design method for a ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: S101, determining the circuit hardware composition and size; S102, estimating overall power consumption; S103, determining the volume and weight of the battery; S104, determine the space together with the battery and other components; S105, estimate the volume and weight of the floating body shell; S106, buoyancy and ballast weight calculation; S107, whether the overall mass and displacement meet the layout requirements; if not, adjust the parameters and repeat S105; if yes, end.

[0043] A comprehensive design approach for a ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy with detailed working principles.

[0044] Step 1: Determine the circuit hardware composition and size 1) Monitoring needs analysis: According to the specific seabed monitoring task, determine the parameters that need to be monitored (such as temperature, pressure, salinity, etc.).

[0045] Determine the sensors, communication modules, data storage devices, and other necessary circuit hardware that will be used.

[0046] 2) Hardware selection and size calculation: Select sensors and circuit hardware that meet your monitoring needs.

[0047] Calculate the size and power consumption of each hardware component.

[0048] 3) Circuit board layout design: All selected circuit hardware should be laid out reasonably to ensure that the circuit board is compact and does not interfere with each other.

[0049] Determine the final size and shape of the board.

[0050] Step 2: Calculate overall power consumption 1) Calculation of power consumption of each hardware: Calculate the power consumption of each hardware component in different working modes.

[0051] Summarizes the power consumption data of each hardware.

[0052] 2) Overall power consumption evaluation: By summarizing the power consumption data, the overall power consumption of the buoy can be obtained.

[0053] Step 3: Determine battery size and weight 1) Battery selection: Select the appropriate battery type (such as lithium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, etc.) based on the overall power consumption.

[0054] 2) Battery parameter calculation: Calculate the size and weight of the battery needed to ensure it can provide enough power.

[0055] Step 4: Interior space configuration design 1) Space configuration: The internal space configuration of the buoy is designed based on the battery volume and other hardware dimensions.

[0056] Determine the location and installation method of each component.

[0057] 2) 3D Modeling: Use 3D modeling software to simulate the interior space layout to ensure the design is reasonable.

[0058] Step 5: Estimate the volume and weight of the floating shell 1) Shell design: The shape and size of the floating body shell are determined according to the internal space configuration design.

[0059] Select the shell material and calculate the volume and weight of the shell.

[0060] Step 6: Buoyancy and Ballast Calculation 1) Buoyancy calculation: Calculate the buoyancy provided by the buoy shell to ensure it can support the weight of the entire buoy.

[0061] 2) Weight determination: Determine the weight of the entire buoy, including the weight of the battery, circuit hardware and casing.

[0062] 3) Ballast weight calculation: Calculate the required ballast weight to ensure the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced.

[0063] 4) Dynamic simulation: Conduct dynamic simulations of buoyancy and ballast to verify the feasibility of the design.

[0064] Adjustments are made based on the simulation results to ensure that the buoy can be stably suspended or sunk.

[0065] Step 7: Overall quality and displacement assessment 1) Comparison of mass and displacement: Compare the overall mass and displacement of the buoy with the deployment requirements.

[0066] 2) Adjustment and optimization: If it does not meet the requirements, adjust the volume and ballast weight parameters of the floating shell.

[0067] Recalculate the buoyancy and gravity balance until the overall mass and displacement of the buoy meet the deployment requirements.

[0068] Through the above steps, a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy that meets monitoring needs can be comprehensively designed to ensure its stability and reliability in the seabed environment.

[0069] The present invention relates to a comprehensive design method for a ballasted submarine monitoring buoy, which systematically determines the structure and performance parameters of the buoy through multiple steps to meet the requirements of its deployment in submarine monitoring. The following is a detailed working principle of each step: Step 1: Determine the circuit hardware composition and size. According to the monitoring requirements, determine the circuit hardware that the buoy needs to be equipped with, such as sensors, data acquisition systems, communication modules and control units.

[0070] Determine the size and shape of each hardware and design the circuit board layout to ensure the overall compactness and rationality.

[0071] Workflow: 1. List all required circuit hardware and their functions.

[0072] 2. Calculate the size and power consumption of each hardware.

[0073] 3. Design the circuit board layout to ensure smooth connections between hardware and a compact layout.

[0074] Step 2: Estimate the overall power consumption. Calculate the power consumption of each circuit hardware in different working modes and estimate the overall power consumption of the buoy.

[0075] Workflow: 1. Obtain the rated power consumption data for each circuit hardware.

[0076] 2. Calculate the power consumption of each hardware in different working modes (such as standby, working, data transmission, etc.).

[0077] 3. Summarize the power consumption data of each hardware to obtain the overall power consumption of the buoy.

[0078] Step 3: Determine battery size and weight According to the power consumption of the buoy, select the appropriate battery type and calculate the volume and weight of the required battery.

[0079] Workflow: 1. Determine the total battery capacity required based on the estimated overall power consumption.

[0080] 2. Select the appropriate battery type (e.g. lithium battery, lead-acid battery, etc.) and obtain its unit capacity, volume and weight data.

[0081] 3. Calculate the number of battery cells required to determine the total volume and weight of the battery.

[0082] Step 4: Determine the space for the battery and other components. Arrange the battery together with other electronic components, determine the space configuration inside the buoy, and ensure the rational use of the internal space.

[0083] Workflow: 1. Design the internal space configuration based on the battery volume and other hardware dimensions.

[0084] 2. Determine the location and installation method of each component to ensure that the overall structure is compact and easy to maintain.

[0085] 3. Carry out 3D modeling to simulate the internal space layout and ensure the reasonable installation and connection of each component.

[0086] Step 5: Estimate the volume and weight of the floating shell. According to the internal structure design of the buoy, estimate the volume and weight of the floating shell to ensure that it can provide sufficient buoyancy.

[0087] Workflow: 1. Determine the shape and size of the buoyant shell based on the internal space configuration design.

[0088] 2. Select appropriate materials (such as fiberglass, aluminum alloy, etc.) and obtain the density data of the materials.

[0089] 3. Calculate the volume and weight of the float shell to ensure it can provide sufficient buoyancy.

[0090] Step 6: Buoyancy and ballast weight calculation By calculating the buoyancy and ballast weight, ensure that the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced and can be stably suspended or sunk.

[0091] Workflow: 1. Calculate the buoyancy provided by the hull of the float.

[0092] 2. Determine the weight of the entire buoy, including the weight of the battery, circuit hardware and casing.

[0093] 3. Calculate the required ballast weight to ensure the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced.

[0094] 4. Conduct dynamic simulation of buoyancy and ballast to verify the feasibility of the design.

[0095] Step 7: Whether the overall mass and displacement meet the deployment requirements Confirm whether the overall mass and displacement of the buoy meet the deployment requirements to ensure that it can work stably in the target sea area. If not, adjust the parameters and repeat the design steps.

[0096] Workflow: 1. Compare the overall mass and displacement of the buoy with the deployment requirements.

[0097] 2. If it does not meet the requirements, adjust the volume of the floating shell, ballast weight and other parameters, and recalculate the buoyancy and gravity balance.

[0098] 3. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the overall mass and displacement of the buoy meet the deployment requirements.

[0099] Through the above steps, the present invention can systematically design a ballasted seabed monitoring buoy to ensure its stability and reliability in seabed monitoring and meet practical application requirements.

[0100] The method for estimating overall power consumption provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: 1) Dynamic power consumption calculation, mainly considering the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and underwater acoustic amplifier power-consuming components to estimate the maximum power; 2) Static power consumption estimation: According to the design requirement of 500 hours of endurance and work content analysis, the ratio of static working time to sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10; 3) Determine the battery pack parameters, and determine that the capacity of the battery pack will not exceed 12Ah (ampere hours) based on the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy, and leave enough room.

[0101] The dynamic power consumption calculation provided in the embodiment of the present invention mainly considers the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and power-consuming components of the underwater acoustic power amplifier to estimate the maximum power: The dynamic power consumption of the buoy comes from two built-in DC motors and an electromagnet, which also drive a 60W (watt) underwater acoustic power amplifier; the working current of each component is about 3A (ampere), and the dynamic working current is calculated based on 15A and 0.2 hours of work, with a total power consumption of 3Ah.

[0102] The static power consumption estimation provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on the design requirement of 500 hours of deployment and work content analysis. The ratio of the static working time to the sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10: The static working current is 100mA (milliamperes), and the power consumption is 5Ah in 50 hours; the remaining 450 hours are in the dormant state with a current of 5mA and a power consumption of 2.25Ah.

[0103] The method for determining the battery pack parameters provided in the embodiment of the present invention determines that the capacity of the battery pack will not be greater than 12Ah, and leaves enough room for the following, in combination with the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy: Choose 8 parallel 7 series 18650 lithium batteries to form a battery pack with a discharge capacity of 20Ah; 56 18650 batteries can be arranged vertically into a disc shape, and the total weight together with the protection plate and water-tight packaging is 3.8Kg.

[0104] The present invention is specifically implemented: 1. General requirements for the design of ballasted submerged buoys 1.1 General Introduction of Ballast Release Submersible Buoy From the perspective of underwater deployment, there are two types of buoys: floating and ballasted. The former is suspended in seawater of equal density by automatically adjusting its own specific gravity. The ballasted buoy is usually composed of a floating body with an instrument compartment and a ballast base with a higher density. The general design is to install electronic parts such as batteries, signal processing, communications and sensors in the floating body, and also includes some electromechanical components such as actuators and release mechanisms. In order to ensure the floating and recovery of the buoy, the specific gravity of the floating body should be less than 1. After the ballast base is rigidly connected to the floating body through the release mechanism, the overall specific gravity should be greater than the seawater density, so that it can play the role of counterweight and stability for seabed deployment. The ballast base can be made of concrete, cast iron or scrap metal. If there is a requirement for anti-magnetic design, it can also be made into an aluminum shell with lead injection to increase its own specific gravity.

[0105] During actual deployment, the buoy connected to the ballast base must have sufficient sinking speed and underwater stability, and the specific gravity must be greater than 1. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the external structure of a ballast-release submarine pipeline monitoring buoy is given.

[0106] 1.2 Key points of ballast beacon design The deployment design of the ballasted submerged buoy must take into account two technical contradictions: 1) The heavier the ballast base of the buoy, the better the underwater stability of the beacon, but the manufacturing and deployment costs will increase.

[0107] 2) Increasing the buoyancy of the buoy can shorten the recovery and surfacing time, but it will cause insufficient underwater weight and instability.

[0108] Therefore, four main issues need to be considered in the overall structural design: 1) The total mass of the buoy design should be controlled below 40Kg to facilitate movement and operation on the deck.

[0109] 2) Empirical data shows that the overall underwater weight (gravity) of the buoy should be about 3 times the positive buoyancy in the water after the float is released, so as to ensure the stability of the underwater deployment and take into account the surfacing speed and surfacing height after the float is released, making the target obvious and easy to search.

[0110] 3) The design of the ballast-type floating body should adopt a vertical structure as much as possible, and be rotationally symmetrical on the horizontal plane. It is easy to process and shape, has no restrictions on the layout direction, is evenly affected by ocean currents, and has a simple pressure-resistant and watertight process.

[0111] 4) It is easy to connect with the ballast base, and the weight of each component is reasonably matched so that the center of gravity is far lower than the center of buoyancy, so that the buoy's posture will be stable.

[0112] Ballasted submerged buoy deployment and working method Figure 3 shown.

[0113] 1.3 General steps of integrated design Here we first give the overall design method and steps of the ballast-release submersible instrument cabin float summarized by the author.

[0114] The various components of the floating body and the determination of its overall parameters have the following causal relationships, which must be considered comprehensively. First, the hardware structure of the electronic part must be basically determined according to the technical requirements of the engineering application, and then Figure 1 The whole design starts with the hardware structure of the circuit, mainly the size of the circuit board, the size of the assembly and the power consumption. Then the volume and weight of the battery and power supply can be determined. Then the structure, size, weight, center of mass, buoyancy, etc. of the buoy are all designed based on this.

[0115] 2 Comprehensive Design Example 2.1 Determine technical indicators and usage requirements Here is a design example of a submarine pipeline monitoring buoy, the technical requirements are as follows: 1) It can automatically sink to the bottom of the sea after being thrown on the water surface. After being stably settled, it can withstand 2-knot ocean currents without shaking, tipping over or rolling.

[0116] 2) The underwater working and standby time shall not be less than 500 hours. The device shall be started regularly to monitor its own underwater posture, ambient temperature, water depth, ocean current and magnetic field, and the monitoring data shall be recorded and saved in a log.

[0117] 3) When the buoy receives the hydroacoustic remote control signal from the surface unit, it responds, uploads data, performs servo actions, or releases the ballast base to float up according to the command content.

[0118] 4) It has the function of wireless positioning on the water surface, and can report the location information to the control center after surfacing. Each functional module of the equipment can perform self-check of the status, and can report its own status and automatically float when working abnormally.

[0119] 2.2 Comprehensive design steps After the hardware design of the signal processing, communication and electronic parts of the buoy is basically completed, the volume, weight, power consumption mode and power consumption will also be basically determined, and the comprehensive design of the buoy float can be started.

[0120] Because the battery pack is an important component closely related to the function and structure of the buoy, the comprehensive design should start with the selection of the buoy battery. According to the function and technical requirements, the power consumption of the buoy should be estimated, the battery capacity should be determined, and then the volume, shape and weight of the battery pack should be determined.

[0121] According to the technical requirements, the lithium battery pack used as the main power supply has a nominal working voltage of 24V (volts), which directly powers the electromechanical part and the underwater acoustic amplifier. In addition, it is converted into 5V and 3.3V through the isolation power module to power the signal processing circuit.

[0122] The power supply of the buoy must take into account the transient capacity and the lasting capacity, and then calculate the capacity of the battery accordingly.

[0123] 1) Dynamic power consumption calculation, mainly considering the short-term dynamic power supply capacity of electromechanical components and hydroacoustic amplifier power-consuming components to estimate the maximum power. The dynamic power consumption of the buoy comes from two built-in DC motors and an electromagnet, and it also drives a 60W hydroacoustic power amplifier. The working current of each component is about 3A, and the dynamic working current is calculated based on 15A and 0.2 hours of work, with a total power consumption of 3Ah.

[0124] 2) Static power consumption estimation: According to the design requirement of 500 hours of endurance and the analysis of work content, the ratio of static working time to sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10. The static working current is 100mA, and the power consumption is 5Ah for 50 hours; the remaining 450 hours are the buoy sleep state current of 5mA and the power consumption is 2.25Ah.

[0125] 3) Determine the battery pack parameters. Combined with the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy, determine that the capacity of the battery pack will not exceed 12Ah, and leave enough room. Select 8 parallel and 7 series 18650 lithium batteries to form a battery pack with a discharge capacity of 20Ah. 56 18650 batteries can be arranged vertically into a disc shape, and the total weight together with the protection plate and watertight packaging is 3.8KG.

[0126] At this step, you can press the Figure 1 The flow chart shown is further associated with the design.

[0127] According to the function, volume and weight of the electronic components and internal electromechanical devices, the basic layout was made through 3D CAD design and simulation, and the installation position was determined. Due to the high density of components such as batteries and motors, the installation position should be placed at the bottom of the float as much as possible to lower the center of gravity of the float.

[0128] The specific application fields or related products of the present invention.

[0129] 1. Marine scientific research: Ballasted submersible buoys provide valuable data support for marine scientific research through long-term, fixed-point and continuous observation of marine environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, current velocity, flow direction, dissolved oxygen, etc.

[0130] 2. Marine environment monitoring: Ballasted submersible buoys can monitor changes in marine environmental parameters in real time, help assess the quality of the marine environment, warn of marine disasters, and protect the marine ecological environment.

[0131] 3. Marine resource exploration and development: Ballasted submersible buoys can provide information on seabed topography, geological structure, mineral resource distribution, etc., providing a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of marine resources.

[0132] 4. Marine military deployment: Ballasted buoys can be used for underwater surveillance, detection, and communication tasks, providing important intelligence support for military decision-making.

[0133] Relevant evidence of the technical effects achieved by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0134] According to the above calculations, the present invention can stay stable underwater and perform subsequent monitoring and other tasks; and the working time can meet the expected requirements.

[0135] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive design method for a ballasted submarine monitoring buoy. It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Determine the circuit hardware composition and size, including determining the circuit hardware that the buoy needs to be equipped with according to monitoring requirements, calculating the size and power consumption of each hardware, and designing the circuit board layout; Calculate the overall power consumption, including calculating the power consumption of each circuit hardware in different working modes, summarizing the power consumption data of each hardware, and obtaining the overall power consumption of the buoy; Determine the size and weight of the battery, including selecting the appropriate battery type based on the estimated overall power consumption and calculating the size and weight of the battery required; Determine the space together with the battery and other components, including designing the internal space configuration based on the battery volume and other hardware dimensions, determining the location and installation method of each component, and performing 3D modeling to simulate the internal space layout; Estimating the volume and weight of the floating shell, including determining the shape and size of the floating shell according to the internal space configuration design, selecting appropriate materials, and calculating the volume and weight of the floating shell; Buoyancy and ballast weight calculation, including calculation of the buoyancy provided by the outer shell of the float, determination of the overall weight of the buoy, calculation of the required ballast weight, and dynamic simulation of buoyancy and ballast; Whether the overall mass and displacement meet the deployment requirements, including comparing the overall mass and displacement of the buoy with the deployment requirements. If they do not meet the requirements, adjust the volume of the floating shell and ballast weight parameters, recalculate the buoyancy and gravity balance, until the overall mass and displacement of the buoy meet the deployment requirements.

2. The comprehensive design method of the ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The buoyancy and ballast weight calculation in step 6 includes the following specific workflow: Calculate the buoyancy provided by the buoyant outer shell; Determine the weight of the entire buoy, including the weight of the battery, circuit hardware and casing; Calculate the required ballast weight to ensure the buoyancy and gravity balance of the buoy in the water; Carry out dynamic simulation of buoyancy and ballast to verify the feasibility of the design, and make adjustments based on the simulation results to ensure that the submersible buoy can be stably suspended or sunk.

3. The comprehensive design method of the ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The method for calculating the overall power consumption is as follows: 1) Dynamic power consumption calculation, mainly considering the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and underwater acoustic amplifier power-consuming components to estimate the maximum power; 2) Static power consumption estimation: According to the design requirement of 500 hours of endurance and work content analysis, the ratio of static working time to sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10; 3) Determine the battery pack parameters and determine that the capacity of the battery pack will not be greater than 12Ah based on the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy.

4. The comprehensive design method of the ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy as claimed in claim 3, It is characterized in that The dynamic power consumption calculation mainly considers the short-term dynamic power supply capability of electromechanical components and power-consuming components of the underwater acoustic amplifier to estimate the maximum power: The dynamic power consumption of the buoy comes from two built-in DC motors and an electromagnet, which also drive a 60W hydroacoustic power amplifier. The working current of each component is about 3A, and the dynamic working current is calculated based on 15A and 0.2 hours of work, with a total power consumption of 3Ah.

5. The comprehensive design method of the ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy as claimed in claim 3, It is characterized in that The static power consumption estimation is based on the design requirement of 500 hours of deployment and work content analysis. The ratio of static working time to sleep time of the electronic part of the buoy is about 1:10: The static working current is 100mA, and the power consumption is 5Ah for 50 hours; the remaining 450 hours are in the dormant state with a current of 5mA and a power consumption of 2.25Ah.

6. The comprehensive design method of the ballasted seafloor monitoring buoy as claimed in claim 3, It is characterized in that The battery pack parameters are determined by combining the dynamic, static and dormant power consumption of the buoy to determine that the capacity of the battery pack will not be greater than 12Ah: Select 8 parallel 7 series 18650 lithium batteries to form a battery pack with a discharge capacity of 20Ah; 56 18650 batteries are arranged vertically in a disc shape, and the total weight together with the protection plate and waterproof packaging is 3.8KG.

7. A ballast-type seabed monitoring buoy system, It is characterized in that include: A circuit hardware module, used for monitoring and data collection, including a sensor, a data collection system, a communication module and a control unit, wherein the composition and size of the circuit hardware module are determined according to the monitoring requirements; A battery module is used to power the circuit hardware module, select a suitable battery type according to the overall power consumption, and calculate the volume and weight of the required battery; Internal space configuration module, used to arrange battery modules and circuit hardware modules, ensure the rational use of internal space, perform 3D modeling simulation of internal space layout, and ensure the reasonable installation and connection of various components; The floating shell module determines the shape and size of the floating shell according to the internal space configuration design, selects the appropriate material, and calculates the volume and weight of the floating shell to ensure sufficient buoyancy; The buoyancy and ballast weight module is used to measure the buoyancy and ballast weight to ensure that the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced and can be stably suspended or sunk.

8. The ballast-type seafloor monitoring submersible buoy system as claimed in claim 7, It is characterized in that The circuit hardware module includes: Sensors for collecting data on the seafloor environment; Data acquisition system, used to collect and process data collected by sensors; A communication module for transmitting data to a ground monitoring station; The control unit is used to coordinate the operation of each hardware module.

9. The ballast-type seafloor monitoring submersible buoy system according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The buoyancy and ballast weight module comprises: A device for measuring the buoyancy provided by the outer shell of the floating body; A device for measuring the overall weight of the buoy, including the weight of the battery module, circuit hardware module and buoy shell; A device for calculating the required ballast weight to ensure the buoyancy and gravity of the buoy in the water are balanced; The dynamic simulation device is used to verify the feasibility of the buoyancy and ballast weight design, and adjust the parameters according to the simulation results to ensure that the submersible buoy can be stably suspended or sunk.

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