Landslide surge model test landslide mass acceleration device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a landslide surge model test landslide mass acceleration device and a test method. The device comprises a material box, an inclined truss and a base truss, a material box door opening device is arranged in the inclined truss; a groove is formed in the material box door opening device; a rotating rod is arranged at one end of the base truss, and the inclined truss and the other end of the base truss are connected with a hydraulic jack; a frame, a first rotating rod, a second rotating rod and a longitudinal guide rail are arranged in the inclined truss; a first rotating shaft and a front side baffle are arranged at the front end of the material box; a baffle lock is arranged at the bottom of the front side baffle; the method comprises the following steps: according to geological conditions of a prototype landslide mass and a model test proportionality coefficient, adjusting a rotation angle of a material box, preparing a landslide mass test material, calculating a water entry speed of the landslide mass, an acceleration distance of the material box and a parking height, arranging a sensor, and carrying out a landslide surge model test. The problem that in the prior art, a landslide surge model test cannot simulate high-speed movement of a landslide body is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a landslide surge model acceleration device and a test method in the field of geotechnical engineering tests, and in particular to a landslide body acceleration device and a test method for a landslide surge model test. Background Art

[0002] In countries where landslides, mudslides and other geological disasters are frequent, there are a large number of potential landslides, including a large number of water-side landslides. When the landslide slides into the water at a high speed, the water body is disturbed and squeezed by the landslide body and displaced, forming surges. In the hydropower construction in the southwest region, landslides in the reservoir area seriously affect the construction design of the project. The impact of surges caused by landslide instability on water retaining structures and the countermeasures are key technical problems in engineering design and safe operation.

[0003] The landslide surge physical model test can intuitively show the process of landslide body instability entering water, surge formation, surge climbing and propagation, and is considered to be an important method for effectively simulating landslide surge. Under the condition of meeting similarity criteria, the landslide surge physical model test can effectively predict the scope and degree of landslide surge disasters by studying the formation process and propagation law of landslide surge, providing an important basis for taking effective landslide surge disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

[0004] The factors that affect the landslide surge on the reservoir bank mainly include the scale of the landslide, the speed of entry into the water and the characteristics of the river channel. The scale of the landslide, the characteristics of the river channel and other factors can be effectively controlled in the test. In the previous landslide surge physical model test, the speed of entry into the water of the landslide body was mainly controlled by raising the height of the landslide body. The speed of entry into the water of the landslide body could not be accurately controlled, resulting in large errors in the test results. In addition, the speed of high-speed and long-distance landslides entering the water is relatively high. Due to the scale and space limitations of the landslide surge physical model test, the speed of entry into the water of the landslide body in the test cannot reach the actual speed of entry into the water when the landslide disaster occurs. Therefore, a landslide acceleration device and test method for the landslide surge model test are needed to simulate the entire process of landslide surge formation and evolution in a laboratory environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In view of the problem that the small-scale landslide surge model test in the prior art cannot simulate the high-speed movement of the landslide body, the present invention proposes a landslide body acceleration device for the landslide surge model test. The acceleration device solves the problem that the small-scale landslide surge model test cannot simulate the high-speed movement of the landslide body by changing the inclination angle of the landslide body and controlling the speed at which the landslide body enters the water; in addition, the present invention also provides a method for conducting a landslide surge model test using the acceleration device.

[0006] Technical solution: The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test of the present invention comprises a material box, an inclined truss and a base truss; a material box door opening device is arranged in the inclined truss; a groove is arranged on the material box door opening device;

[0007] A rotating rod is provided at one end of the base truss, and the inclined truss is connected to one end of the base truss through the rotating rod; a hydraulic jack is connected to the other end of the inclined truss and the base truss;

[0008] A frame, a first rotating rod, a second rotating rod and a longitudinal guide rail are provided in the inclined truss, and gears with chains are installed on the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod; the first rotating rod is connected to an acceleration motor;

[0009] The bottom of the material box has a steel rack meshing with the chain. The material box accelerates downward along the longitudinal guide rail through the meshing of the steel rack and the chain.

[0010] The front end of the material box is provided with a first rotating shaft and a front baffle; a baffle lock is provided at the bottom of the front baffle; the baffle lock comprises a front edge, a rear edge and a second rotating shaft, and the front edge and the rear edge are connected by the second rotating shaft; the front edge comprises a support plate, and a limit plate extending in the vertical direction of the support plate is provided to block the movement of the front baffle; the rear edge is an arc-shaped plate, and the end of the door opening device is inserted into the inner side of the arc-shaped plate to limit the material box;

[0011] The front edge of the baffle plate lock falls into the groove of the material box door opening device and rotates around the second rotation axis; the front side baffle plate rotates around the first rotation axis.

[0012] An angle scale for measuring the rotation angle of the material box is provided on the inclined truss.

[0013] A displacement sensor is provided on the material box.

[0014] A second cross bar is arranged on the inclined truss, a first cross bar is arranged on the base truss, and a hydraulic jack is connected with the first cross bar and the second cross bar.

[0015] The baffles on both sides of the material box are made of transparent material.

[0016] The material box door opening device is a triangular pyramid with a groove in the middle.

[0017] The inclined truss and the base truss are provided with rotating rod fixing holes, and the rotating rod passes through the rotating rod fixing holes.

[0018] The test method of the landslide body acceleration device for landslide surge model test of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) According to the geological conditions of the prototype landslide to be tested, the rotation angle of the material box is controlled by lifting and lowering the hydraulic jack so that the inclination angle of the material box is the same as the sliding inclination angle of the prototype landslide;

[0020] (2) Calculate the mechanical parameters of the model landslide material and prepare the model landslide test material based on the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide and the proportional coefficient of the landslide surge model test;

[0021] (3) According to the scale factor of the landslide surge model test, the volume of the test material used for the model landslide body is calculated using the conversion formula of weight and volume, and the prepared model landslide body test material is poured into the material box;

[0022] (4) According to the sliding speed of the prototype landslide body and the proportional coefficient of the landslide surge model test, the water entry speed of the model test landslide body test material is calculated by the mathematical conversion formula, the initial height of the landslide body, the initial speed, the friction coefficient at the bottom of the test box and the sliding length of the landslide body;

[0023] (5) Calculate the acceleration distance and parking height of the material box according to the working parameters of the high-power acceleration motor, the mass of the model landslide to be accelerated, the model inclination angle, the mass of the material box, and the water entry speed of the model test landslide, and slide the material box along the slide rail to a predetermined height;

[0024] (6) The pressure sensor is placed on the river slope and the surface of the hydraulic structure, the displacement sensor is placed at the bottom of the material box, the velocity sensor is placed on the sliding slope, the wave height meter is placed above the river flow surface, and the camera is placed in front of and on the side of the landslide acceleration device in the landslide surge model test;

[0025] (7) starting a high-power acceleration motor, accelerating the material box until the end of the material box door opening device is stuck in the rear edge of the material box baffle lock and stops, the front edge of the baffle lock rotates downward around the second rotation axis and falls into the groove of the material box door opening device, and the front baffle rotates around the first rotation axis to open, releasing the model landslide test material accelerated to a predetermined water entry speed, and conducting a landslide surge model test;

[0026] (8) After the test, the material box slides along the slide rail to the bottom of the inclined truss, the hydraulic jack releases pressure, and the material box is cleaned.

[0027] In step (2), the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide include density, cohesion and internal friction angle.

[0028] In step (2), the scale factor of the landslide surge model test includes a size scale factor and a material scale factor.

[0029] Working principle: The material box in the landslide acceleration device of the landslide surge model test of the present invention accelerates along the longitudinal guide rail, and the landslide material in the material box is automatically released. The base truss is provided with a hydraulic jack for controlling the lifting angle of the material box. The test method is: according to the geological conditions of the prototype landslide body and the model test proportional coefficient, the material box rotation angle is adjusted, the landslide test material is prepared, the water entry speed of the landslide body, the acceleration distance and parking height of the material box are calculated, and the test monitoring sensors are arranged to conduct the landslide surge model test. Through the above scheme, the present invention solves the problem that the landslide surge model test in the prior art cannot simulate the high-speed movement of the landslide body.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The present invention increases the water entry speed of the landslide body in the landslide surge model test by arranging a material box, an inclined truss, and a high-power acceleration motor and accurately controlling the movement speed of the landslide body through gear transmission.

[0032] (2) The present invention provides a material box door opening device and a baffle lock. When the front edge of the material box is accelerated to the material box door opening device, the rear edge of the baffle lock is lifted up due to the obstruction of the material box door opening device, and the front edge of the baffle lock falls into the groove of the material box door opening device, thereby realizing the automatic release of the landslide material.

[0033] (3) The present invention realizes physical simulation of landslides with different inclination angles by arranging hydraulic jacks in the base truss, thereby increasing the application scope of the landslide acceleration device.

[0034] (4) The test method provided by the present invention is used to explore the movement mechanism of the landslide body in the landslide surge model test, and provides an experimental reference for the risk analysis of the whole process of landslide surge disasters, which makes up for the defect that the small-scale landslide surge model test cannot simulate the high-speed movement of the landslide body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a front view of the landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a side view of the landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inclined truss and the base truss in the landslide acceleration device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a top view of the material box door opening device in the landslide acceleration device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the working of the baffle lock and the door opening device in the landslide acceleration device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test of the present invention comprises a material box 1 for containing landslide material, an inclined truss 2 located below the material box 1 and used to fix the material box, and a base truss 3 for adjusting the angle of the material box 1. A rotating rod 4 is provided at the front end of the base truss 3, and the inclined truss 2 is connected to the base truss 3 through the rotating rod 4, and the inclined truss 2 rotates around the rotating rod 4.

[0041] The inclined truss 2 includes a first rotating rod 5, a second rotating rod 6 and a longitudinal guide rail 7. A gear 8 is installed on the first rotating rod 5 and the second rotating rod 6. The first rotating rod 5 and the second rotating rod 6 are connected by a chain 9. The first rotating rod 5 and the second rotating rod 6 rotate synchronously.

[0042] A high-power acceleration motor 10 is installed at the edge of the tilting truss 2, and a material box door opening device 11 is installed in the tilting truss 2. A hydraulic jack 12 for adjusting the angle of the material box 1 is installed at the rear end of the base truss 3, and the hydraulic jack 12 is connected to the first cross bar 17 and the second cross bar 18.

[0043] A steel rack is installed at the bottom of the material box 1, and the steel rack at the bottom of the material box 1 is meshed and connected with the chain 9. The high-power acceleration motor 10 rotates to drive the first rotating rod 5 to rotate, and the first rotating rod 5 drives the gear 8 to rotate, and the gear 8 drives the chain 9 to rotate. The chain 9 drives the steel rack at the bottom of the material box to transmit, thereby driving the material box 1 to accelerate downward along the steel longitudinal guide rail 7.

[0044] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the material box 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the baffles on both sides are made of high-strength transparent organic glass. The damage characteristics of the landslide were observed during the test. A first rotating shaft 13 is provided at the upper front edge of the material box 1, which passes through the material box 1 horizontally. The first rotating shaft 13 is fixed by means of the opening of the material box 1. The front baffle 14 of the material box 1 rotates around the first rotating shaft 13. A baffle lock 15 is provided at the bottom of the material box 1 to block the front baffle 14. The baffle lock 15 includes a front edge, a rear edge and a second rotating shaft 16. The front edge and the rear edge are locked and linked by the second rotating shaft 16. The front edge of the baffle lock 15 includes a support plate, and a limit plate is extended in the vertical direction of the support plate to block the movement of the front baffle 14. The rear edge of the baffle lock 15 is an arc-shaped plate, and the end of the door opening device 11 is inserted into the arc-shaped plate to limit the material box 1.

[0045] When the front edge of the baffle lock 15 falls entirely into the groove of the door opening device 11 , the front edge of the baffle lock 15 rotates downward around the second rotation axis 16 of the lock, thereby releasing the limit on the front baffle 14 .

[0046] The material box door opening device 11 in the inclined truss 2 is a triangular pyramid with a groove in the middle. The baffle lock 15 is used in conjunction with the material box door opening device 11. The end of the door opening device 11 is inserted into the arc plate to limit the material box 1. When the front edge of the material box 1 accelerates to the end of the material box door opening device 11, the material box 1 is stuck on the limit plate at the front edge of the baffle lock 15. The front and rear edges of the baffle lock 15 slide forward along the guide rail, and the front edge of the baffle lock 15 falls into the groove of the material box door opening device 11. At this time, the front baffle 14 is no longer blocked by the baffle lock 15, but rotates around the first rotation axis 13, thereby releasing the landslide material in the material box 1.

[0047] In order to adjust the angle between the material box and the base truss, a rotating rod fixing hole 19 is provided on the inclined truss 2 and the base truss 3. The rotating rod 4 passes through the rotating rod fixing hole 19, and the hydraulic jack 12 is lifted to control the rotation angle of the material box. The material box 1 rotates around the rotating rod 4 and forms a corresponding angle with the base truss 3. An angle scale 20 is provided on the inclined truss 2 to measure the rotation angle of the material box 1.

[0048] The method for conducting a landslide surge model test using the landslide acceleration device of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0049] (1) Adjusting the rotation angle of the material box 1. According to the geological conditions of the prototype landslide body to be tested, the rotation angle of the material box 1 is controlled by lifting and lowering the hydraulic jack 12 so that the inclination angle of the material box 1 is the same as the sliding inclination angle of the prototype landslide body.

[0050] (2) Based on the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide body and the scale factors of the landslide surge model test, such as the size scale factor and the material scale factor, the mechanical parameters of the model landslide body material are calculated, and the model landslide body test materials are prepared; wherein the mechanical parameters include density, cohesion and internal friction angle; the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide body include density, cohesion and internal friction angle.

[0051] (3) According to the scale factor of the landslide surge model test, the volume of the test material used for the model landslide body is calculated using the conversion formula of weight and volume, and the prepared model landslide body test material is poured into the material box 1.

[0052] (4) According to the sliding velocity of the prototype landslide body and the proportional coefficient of the landslide surge model test, the entry velocity of the model test landslide body test material into water is calculated by the mathematical conversion formula, the initial height of the landslide body, the initial velocity, the friction coefficient at the bottom of the test box and the sliding length of the landslide body.

[0053] (5) According to the working parameters of the high-power acceleration motor 10, the mass of the model landslide body to be accelerated, the model inclination angle, the mass of the material box 1 and the water entry speed of the model test landslide body, the acceleration distance and parking height of the material box 1 are calculated, and the material box 1 is slid along the slide rail 7 to a predetermined height. The working parameters include the rated speed and the rated torque.

[0054] (6) Sensors are placed according to the design requirements of the test monitoring. The sensors include pressure sensors, displacement sensors, velocity sensors and wave height meters. The pressure sensors are arranged on the river slope and the surface of hydraulic structures, the displacement sensors are arranged at the bottom of the material box 1, the velocity sensors are arranged on the sliding slope, the wave height meters are arranged above the river flow surface, and cameras are arranged in front of and on the sides of the landslide acceleration device in the landslide surge model test.

[0055] (7) The high-power acceleration motor 10 is started, and the material box 1 is accelerated until the end of the material box door opening device 11 is stuck in the rear edge of the material box baffle lock 15 and stops. The front edge of the baffle lock 15 rotates downward around the second rotation axis 16 and falls into the groove of the material box door opening device 11. The front baffle 14 rotates and opens around the first rotation axis 13, releasing the model landslide test material accelerated to a predetermined water entry speed, and conducting a landslide surge model test.

[0056] (8) After the test, the material box 1 slides along the slide rail 7 to the bottom of the inclined truss 2, and the hydraulic jack 12 releases pressure to the lowest end to clean the material box 1.

Claims

1. A landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test, characterized by: It comprises a material box (1), an inclined truss (2) and a base truss (3); a material box door opening device (11) is arranged inside the inclined truss (2); a groove is arranged on the material box door opening device (11); A rotating rod (4) is provided at one end of the base truss (3), and the inclined truss (2) is connected to one end of the base truss (3) via the rotating rod (4); a hydraulic jack (12) is connected to the other end of the inclined truss (2) and the base truss (3); The inclined truss (2) is provided with a frame, a first rotating rod (5), a second rotating rod (6) and a longitudinal guide rail (7); a gear (8) with a chain (9) is installed on the first rotating rod (5) and the second rotating rod (6); the first rotating rod (5) is connected to an acceleration motor (10); The bottom of the material box (1) is provided with a steel rack meshing with a chain (9), and the material box (1) moves downward along the longitudinal guide rail (7) with acceleration due to the meshing of the steel rack and the chain; The front end of the material box (1) is provided with a first rotating shaft (13) and a front baffle (14); a baffle lock (15) is provided at the bottom of the front baffle (14); the baffle lock (15) comprises a front edge, a rear edge and a second rotating shaft (16), and the front edge and the rear edge are connected via the second rotating shaft (16); the front edge comprises a support plate, and a limit plate extending in a vertical direction of the support plate is provided to block the movement of the front baffle (14); the rear edge is an arc-shaped plate, and the end of the door opening device (11) is inserted into the inner side of the arc-shaped plate to limit the material box (1); The front edge of the baffle lock (15) falls into the groove of the material box door opening device (11) and rotates around the second rotation axis (16); the front side baffle (14) rotates around the first rotation axis (13).

2. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inclined truss (2) is provided with an angle scale (20) for measuring the rotation angle of the material box (1).

3. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material box is provided with a displacement sensor.

4. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inclined truss (2) is provided with a second cross bar (18), the base truss (3) is provided with a first cross bar (17), and the hydraulic jack (12) is connected to the first cross bar (17) and the second cross bar (18).

5. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffles on both sides of the material box (1) are made of transparent material.

6. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material box door opening device (11) is a triangular pyramid with a groove in the middle.

7. The landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inclined truss (2) and the base truss (3) are provided with a rotating rod fixing hole (19), and the rotating rod (4) passes through the rotating rod fixing hole (19).

8. A test method of a landslide acceleration device for a landslide surge model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) According to the geological conditions of the prototype landslide body to be tested, the rotation angle of the material box (1) is controlled by lifting and lowering the hydraulic jack (12) so that the inclination angle of the material box (1) is the same as the sliding inclination angle of the prototype landslide body; (2) Calculate the mechanical parameters of the model landslide material and prepare the model landslide test material based on the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide and the proportional coefficient of the landslide surge model test; (3) according to the landslide surge model test scale factor, using the weight and volume conversion formula, calculate the volume of the test material used for the model landslide body, and pour the prepared model landslide body test material into the material box (1); (4) According to the sliding speed of the prototype landslide body and the proportional coefficient of the landslide surge model test, the water entry speed of the model test landslide body test material is calculated by the mathematical conversion formula, the initial height of the landslide body, the initial speed, the friction coefficient at the bottom of the test box and the sliding length of the landslide body; (5) calculating the acceleration distance and parking height of the material box (1) according to the working parameters of the high-power acceleration motor (10), the mass of the model landslide body to be accelerated, the model inclination angle, the mass of the material box (1) and the water entry speed of the model test landslide body, and sliding the material box along the slide rail (7) to a predetermined height; (6) The pressure sensor is arranged on the river slope and the surface of the hydraulic structure, the displacement sensor is arranged at the bottom of the material box (1), the velocity sensor is arranged on the sliding slope, the wave height meter is arranged above the water flow surface of the river, and the camera is arranged in front of and on the side of the landslide acceleration device of the landslide surge model test; (7) starting the high-power acceleration motor (10), accelerating the material box (1) until the end of the material box door opening device (11) is locked into the rear edge of the material box baffle lock (15) and stops, the front edge of the baffle lock (15) rotates downward around the second rotation axis (16) and falls into the groove of the material box door opening device (11), and the front baffle (14) rotates and opens around the first rotation axis (13), releasing the model landslide test material accelerated to a predetermined water entry speed, and conducting a landslide surge model test; (8) After the test is completed, the material box (1) slides along the slide rail (7) to the bottom of the inclined truss (2), and the hydraulic jack (12) releases the pressure to clean the material box.

9. The test method of the landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (2), the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype landslide body include density, cohesion and internal friction angle.

10. The test method of the landslide acceleration device for landslide surge model test according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (2), the landslide surge model test scale factor includes a size scale factor and a material scale factor.

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