Main bearing raceway damage monitoring system and heading machine using same

Abstract

The application discloses a main bearing raceway damage monitoring system and a heading machine adopting the same. The system is characterized in that a main push collecting end is fixedly installed on a main push retainer, and a radial collecting end is fixedly installed on a radial retainer, so as to monitor the distance from the sensing surface of the collecting end to the raceway. The damage condition of the main bearing raceway can be directly judged through the distance change, so that the damage conditions of the main push raceway and the radial raceway can be accurately monitored. In addition, the main push fixed end is installed on a first outer ring, and the radial fixed end is installed on a second outer ring, so as to provide wireless charging and wireless data receiving for the main push collecting end and the radial collecting end respectively. Since the collecting end is completely integrated in the retainer, no new installation space is occupied. In addition, the data collection and charging of the collecting end are realized through wireless communication and wireless power supply, so that the communication cable and the power supply cable are saved, and the limitation of the installation space in the main bearing is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of main bearing monitoring technology, and in particular to a main bearing raceway damage monitoring system. Furthermore, it also relates to a tunneling machine employing the aforementioned main bearing raceway damage monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] The main bearing is a critical component of large tunneling machines. Failure of the main bearing during tunneling can cause incalculable losses. Due to the harshness of tunneling conditions and the importance of the main bearing, it is necessary to monitor its wear, pitting, spalling, and other raceway damage in real time to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. For example, patent CN115524123A discloses a method for monitoring the operating status of a tunneling machine's main bearing, which monitors the operating status of each sub-component of the main bearing based on vibration data and sub-component failure frequencies. However, due to the extremely harsh working conditions of tunneling machines, it is difficult to accurately obtain effective fault information from the monitoring data under such conditions, making accurate raceway damage monitoring difficult. Furthermore, the limited internal installation space of the main bearing makes it difficult to install various types of sensors for monitoring, and the high sealing requirements inside the main bearing pose significant challenges to sensor data transmission and power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a main bearing raceway damage monitoring system and a tunneling machine using the same. It can intuitively determine the damage condition of the main bearing raceway by the change in distance, and does not occupy new installation space, eliminating the need for communication cables and power supply cables, thus effectively avoiding the limitation of the internal installation space of the main bearing.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a main bearing raceway damage monitoring system is provided, comprising a main thrust acquisition end, a main thrust fixed end, a radial acquisition end, a radial fixed end, and a receiving terminal. The main thrust acquisition end is fixedly mounted on the main thrust cage and is used to acquire the distances from it to the upper raceway and the lower raceway of the main thrust roller. The main thrust fixed end is fixedly mounted on a first outer ring and is used to receive the acquired data from the main thrust acquisition end via wireless communication and to provide wireless power to it. The radial acquisition end is fixedly mounted on a radial cage and is used to acquire the distances from it to the upper radial raceway and the lower radial raceway. The radial fixed end is fixedly mounted on a second outer ring and is used to receive the acquired data from the radial acquisition end via wireless communication and to provide wireless power to it. Both the main thrust fixed end and the radial fixed end are connected to the receiving terminal via cables. The receiving terminal is used to monitor raceway damage based on the acquired data from the main thrust acquisition end and the radial acquisition end, and to provide power to the main thrust fixed end and the radial fixed end.

[0005] Furthermore, the main push acquisition end includes a data processing module and at least one displacement sensor module. The at least one displacement sensor module is fixedly installed on a rib plate in the middle position of the main push retainer. The main push roller located in the pocket next to the rib plate and near the main push fixed end is removed. The data processing module is then fixedly installed at the position of the removed main push roller. A baffle is provided in the middle of the pocket to limit the remaining main push roller in the pocket. The data processing module is connected to the displacement sensor module via a cable.

[0006] Furthermore, the number of displacement sensor modules is four, with every two displacement sensor modules symmetrically installed on both sides of the central axis of a main push roller.

[0007] Furthermore, each displacement sensor module includes two opposing displacement sensors for simultaneously measuring the distances to the upper raceway of the main push roller and the lower raceway of the main push roller, respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the sampling frequency of the displacement sensor module is determined based on the main bearing diameter, rotational speed, and minimum size requirement for target fault identification, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, F s The sampling frequency of the displacement sensor is represented by n, the rotational speed of the main bearing is represented by Φ, the diameter of the main bearing is represented by s, and the sampling point interval distance is determined according to the minimum identification size requirement.

[0011] Furthermore, the data processing module includes a battery module, a wireless energy receiving module, a wireless communication transmitting module, and a microprocessor installed inside an oil-protected housing. The battery module is electrically connected to the wireless energy receiving module, the wireless communication transmitting module, the microprocessor, and the displacement sensor module, respectively. The microprocessor is also electrically connected to the displacement sensor module and the wireless communication transmitting module, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, both the main push acquisition end and the radial acquisition end include RFID tags, and both the main push fixed end and the radial fixed end include RFID readers. When the acquisition end moves into the detection range of the RFID reader, the RFID reader reads the tag signal strength to identify the location information of the RFID tag. Before the equipment is ready to stop, the rotation speed of the main bearing is adjusted according to the location information identified by the RFID reader so that the acquisition end stops within the coverage area of ​​the wireless charging when the equipment is completely stationary.

[0013] Furthermore, the main fixed end includes a wireless power transmitting module and a wireless communication receiving module. The wireless communication receiving module communicates wirelessly with the wireless communication transmitting module, and the wireless power transmitting module provides wireless charging to the wireless power receiving module.

[0014] Furthermore, the installation distance between the displacement sensor and the raceway surface is (a, bc), where a represents the lower limit of the detection range of the displacement sensor, b represents the upper limit of the detection range of the displacement sensor, and c represents the maximum size of the pit on the raceway surface.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides a tunneling machine that employs the main bearing raceway damage monitoring system described above.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system of this invention, by fixing the main thrust acquisition end to the main thrust cage and the radial acquisition end to the radial cage, monitors the distances from the sensing surface of the acquisition end to the upper raceway, lower raceway, upper radial raceway, and lower radial raceway. The damage condition of the main bearing raceway is intuitively determined by the changes in these distances, eliminating the need for complex data processing and analysis, and directly outputting damage analysis results. This allows for accurate monitoring of the damage condition of the main thrust raceway and radial raceway. Furthermore, the main thrust fixed end is installed on the first outer ring, and the radial fixed end is installed on the second outer ring, providing wireless charging and wireless data reception for the main thrust acquisition end and radial acquisition end, respectively. Since the acquisition end is fully integrated inside the cage, it does not occupy additional installation space. Moreover, the use of wireless communication and wireless power supply for data collection and charging eliminates the need for communication and power cables, effectively overcoming the limitations of the internal installation space of the main bearing.

[0018] In addition, the tunneling machine of the present invention also has the above-mentioned advantages.

[0019] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the main bearing raceway damage monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the main acquisition terminal in a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the main acquisition end and the radial acquisition end in a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement response of the inner ring main pusher raceway in two different orientations of the cage in a preferred embodiment of this application, with only a single sensor installed.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement response of the outer ring main pusher raceway in two different orientations of the cage in a preferred embodiment of this application, with only a single sensor installed.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the measurement response of the outer ring main pusher raceway in two different postures of the cage when two sensors are installed in opposite directions in a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of wireless communication and wireless power supply in a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0029] 1. Main pusher cage; 2. Upper raceway of main pusher roller; 3. Lower raceway of main pusher roller; 4. First outer ring; 5. Radial cage; 6. Upper radial raceway; 7. Lower radial raceway; 8. Second outer ring; 9. Main pusher roller; 10. Radial roller; 101. Displacement sensor module; 102. Data processing module; 103. Oil protective housing; 104. Battery module; 105. Wireless power receiving module; 106. Wireless communication transmitting module; 107. Microprocessor; 108. Wireless power transmitting module; 109. Wireless communication receiving module; 110. Cable groove; 111. Screw; 101a. First displacement sensor module; 101b. Second displacement sensor module; 101c. Third displacement sensor module; 101d. Fourth displacement sensor module. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a preferred embodiment of this application provides a main bearing raceway damage monitoring system, which includes a main pusher acquisition end, a main pusher fixed end, a radial acquisition end, a radial fixed end, and a receiving terminal. The main pusher acquisition end is fixedly mounted on the main pusher cage 1 and is used to acquire the distances from it to the upper raceway 2 and the lower raceway 3 of the main pusher roller, thereby monitoring the damage of the upper raceway 2 and the lower raceway 3 of the main pusher roller. The main pusher fixed end is fixedly mounted on the first outer ring 4, specifically in a groove of the first outer ring 4, and is used to receive the acquired data from the main pusher acquisition end via wireless communication and provide wireless power to it. The radial acquisition end is fixedly mounted on the radial cage 5 and is used to acquire the distances from it to the upper radial raceway 6 and the lower radial raceway 7, thereby monitoring the damage of the upper radial raceway 6 and the lower radial raceway 7. The radial fixed end is fixedly mounted on the second outer ring 8, specifically in a groove of the second outer ring 8, and is used to receive the acquired data from the radial acquisition end via wireless communication and provide wireless power to it. Both the main pusher fixed end and the radial fixed end are connected to the receiving terminal via cables. The receiving terminal is used to monitor raceway damage based on the data collected by the main pusher acquisition end and the radial acquisition end, and to provide power to the main pusher fixed end and the radial fixed end.

[0032] It is understood that the main bearing raceway damage monitoring system of this embodiment, by fixing the main thrust acquisition end to the main thrust cage 1 and the radial acquisition end to the radial cage 5, monitors the distance from the sensing surface of the acquisition end to the upper raceway 2, lower raceway 3, upper radial raceway 6, and lower radial raceway 7 of the main thrust roller. The damage condition of the main bearing raceway can be intuitively determined by the change in distance, without the need for complex data processing and analysis; the damage analysis results can be directly output, thus accurately monitoring the damage condition of the main thrust raceway and radial raceway. Furthermore, the main thrust fixed end is installed on the first outer ring 4, and the radial fixed end is installed on the second outer ring 8, providing wireless charging and wireless data reception for the main thrust acquisition end and radial acquisition end, respectively. Since the acquisition end is completely integrated inside the cage, it does not occupy new installation space. Moreover, the use of wireless communication and wireless power supply for data collection and charging eliminates the need for communication and power cables, effectively avoiding the limitations of the internal installation space of the main bearing.

[0033] Specifically, the main push acquisition end includes a data processing module 102 and at least one displacement sensor module 101. The displacement sensor module 101 is fixedly mounted on a rib plate in the middle of the main push retainer 1, which reduces the impact of the retainer's impact on the sensor and improves detection accuracy. The main push retainer 1 has two rows of main push rollers 9. The main push rollers 9 located in the pocket next to the middle rib plate and near the main push fixed end are removed. The data processing module 102 is then fixedly mounted at the location of the removed main push rollers 9. A baffle is provided in the middle of the pocket to limit the remaining main push rollers 9 within the pocket. The data processing module 102 is connected to the displacement sensor module 101 via a cable. A cable groove 110 is provided between the middle rib plate and the mounting position of the data processing module 102 to hold the wires that supply power and transmit data to the displacement sensor module 101. The cable groove 110 is coated with an oil-resistant material, such as epoxy resin, to protect the wires from oil contamination.

[0034] Optionally, the number of displacement sensor modules 101 is four, with every two displacement sensor modules 101 symmetrically mounted on both sides of the central axis of one main push roller 9. For example, the main push acquisition end includes a first displacement sensor module 101a, a second displacement sensor module 101b, a third displacement sensor module 101c, and a fourth displacement sensor module 101d, wherein the first displacement sensor module 101a and the second displacement sensor module 101b are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the central axis of one main push roller 9, and the third displacement sensor module 101c and the fourth displacement sensor module 101d are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the central axis of another main push roller 9. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of displacement sensor modules 101 can be one, two, three, or even more, for example, one displacement sensor module 101 can be set at the central axis position of the main push roller 9.

[0035] It is understandable that, considering that the bearing capacity is greatest at the central axis of the main push roller 9 during the operation of the main bearing, resulting in the greatest wear on the main push raceway at the corresponding position of the central axis of the main push roller 9, a pair of displacement sensor modules 101 symmetrically installed on both sides of the central axis of the main push roller 9 can improve the detection accuracy, detection range and detection probability of raceway damage.

[0036] Preferably, each displacement sensor module 101 includes two opposing displacement sensors for simultaneously measuring the distances to the upper raceway 2 and the lower raceway 3 of the main push roller, respectively. The displacement sensors can be inductive, eddy current, capacitive, Hall effect, or other types, with eddy current sensors being preferred. Furthermore, the surface of the displacement sensors is protected by an oil-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating.

[0037] It is understandable that when the main thrust cage 1 rests completely on the inner ring main thrust raceway surface, a gap exists between it and the outer ring main thrust raceway surface. Due to this gap, the running posture of the main thrust cage 1 will change between the relative raceways during the operation of the main bearing. The two opposing displacement sensors not only monitor the upper and lower raceways of the main thrust cage but also eliminate the influence of displacement caused by wobbling during the rotation of the main thrust cage 1 on the displacement sensor measurements, thus improving the accuracy of raceway damage detection. For example, two sensors S1 and S2 are installed opposite each other on the upper and lower sides of the main push roller raceway. Their distances to the upper raceway 2 and the lower raceway 3 of the main push roller are d1 and d2, respectively. The displacement caused by the disturbance is δ. Therefore, d1′=d1+δ and d2′=d2-δ. The total distance D=d′1+d2′=d1+d2. It can be seen that in the case of symmetrical installation, the total distance D is determined only by the original distances d1 and d2 from the two displacement sensors to the raceway surface, and is independent of the displacement δ caused by the disturbance. Therefore, by calculating the sum of the measured values ​​of the two oppositely installed displacement sensors, the influence of the disturbance can be eliminated. Furthermore, the inventors of this application have conducted experimental verification, and the verification results are as follows: Figures 4 to 6 As shown, where, Figure 4 This indicates the measured response of the inner ring main push raceway of the cage in two different orientations when only a single sensor is installed. Figure 5 This indicates the measured response of the outer ring main push raceway under two different orientations of the cage, with only a single sensor installed. Figure 6 This study examines the measurement response of the outer ring main push raceway of the cage under two different orientations, with two sensors installed in opposite directions. The verification results show that changes in the cage's operating orientation cause fluctuations in the single sensor's measurement response to the raceway surface that are not uniform. However, by installing two sensors in opposite directions at the same location and simultaneously measuring the opposing raceway surfaces, the sum of the distances between the sensing surfaces of the two sensors and their respective measured raceway surfaces remains constant. Without considering damage to any specific raceway surface, this "one increases, the other decreases" cancellation mechanism eliminates changes in the cage's operating orientation, ensuring that the measurement data fluctuates at a uniform level regardless of changes in the cage's orientation. Therefore, by installing two sensors in opposite directions at the same location, the influence of changes in the cage's operating orientation on the displacement sensor's measurement results can be eliminated.

[0038] It is understandable that damage to the raceway surface typically manifests as wear, pitting, or cracks. This damage causes changes in the raceway surface shape, resulting in changes in the displacement sensor's measurement values. Therefore, by analyzing these displacement changes, the degree of damage to the raceway surface can be assessed. Taking an eddy current displacement sensor as an example, the eddy current displacement sensor utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction. It measures displacement by detecting changes in eddy currents caused by displacement changes on the surface of a conductive material. An excitation coil generates an alternating magnetic field, inducing eddy currents on the conductive material surface and forming a reverse magnetic field that affects the magnetic field of the excitation coil. The detection coil detects changes in the total induced magnetic field. When the position of the conductive material changes, the intensity and distribution of the eddy currents change, leading to changes in the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the detection coil. By detecting the change in EMF, the sensor calculates the displacement change. The output signal is typically a voltage signal proportional to the displacement, making displacement calculation simple. Assuming the raceway surface is an ideal smooth plane in its undamaged state, let the initial position measurement value of the displacement sensor at a certain point be d0, and the displacement change caused by damage to the raceway surface be Δd. Then, the actual measured displacement d is: d = d0 + Δd.

[0039] It is understood that the sampling frequency of the displacement sensor theoretically determines the minimum size of the damage fault that can be identified, which can improve the accuracy of damage monitoring. Therefore, in this invention, the sampling frequency of the displacement sensor module 101 is determined based on the main bearing diameter, rotational speed, and the minimum size requirement for target fault identification. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, F s Here, represents the sampling frequency of the displacement sensor, n represents the rotational speed of the main bearing, Φ represents the diameter of the main bearing, and s represents the sampling point interval distance determined based on the minimum identification size requirement. For example, taking a main bearing with a diameter of 7.6 mm operating at a speed of 2.5 rpm as an example, if the requirement is to be able to identify spalling / dents with a minimum diameter of 3 mm, and the sampling point interval distance is set to 0.5 mm to identify the basic shape of the spalling / dent, then s = 0.5 mm.

[0042] Therefore, the sampling frequency was set to 1000Hz.

[0043] Optionally, the installation distance between the displacement sensor and the raceway surface is (a, bc), where a represents the lower limit of the displacement sensor's detection range, b represents the upper limit of the displacement sensor's detection range, and c represents the maximum size of the recess on the raceway surface. For example, the detection range of a displacement sensor is typically between 1mm and 5mm. Exceeding this range will cause the sensor reading to become infinitely large or infinitely small. Therefore, the minimum installation distance d > 1mm. Since the maximum recess size is generally 3mm, the distance d+3 between the sensor and the raceway should be within the detection range. Thus, d+3 < 5. Therefore, the installation distance between the displacement sensor and the raceway surface should be between 1mm and 2mm to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure.

[0044] The data processing module 102 includes a battery module 104, a wireless energy receiving module 105, a wireless communication transmitting module 106, and a microprocessor 107, all installed within an oil-protected housing 103. The oil-protected housing 103 is fixedly mounted on a retainer and connected to the main push retainer 1 via four screws 111. The battery module 104, wireless energy receiving module 105, wireless communication transmitting module 106, and microprocessor 107 are integrated on a single PCB board. The battery module 104 is electrically connected to the wireless energy receiving module 105, the wireless communication transmitting module 106, the microprocessor 107, and the displacement sensor module 101. The microprocessor 107 is also electrically connected to the displacement sensor module 101 and the wireless communication transmitting module 106. The main push fixed end includes a wireless energy transmitting module 108 and a wireless communication receiving module 109. The wireless communication receiving module 109 wirelessly communicates with the wireless communication transmitting module 106, and the wireless energy transmitting module 108 provides wireless charging to the wireless energy receiving module 105. The microprocessor 107 preferably uses a low-power, high-performance chip to label and store the data collected by the sensor. After acquiring the data, the microprocessor 107 first integrates the data to eliminate the influence of cage sway, then performs filtering analysis to eliminate noise and abrupt changes, and then identifies displacement changes through differential analysis. Based on a pre-set threshold, it judges whether the displacement change exceeds the standard to initially identify the pit. Finally, it performs statistical analysis on the identification results to confirm the location and size of the pit. In addition, the wireless communication transmitting module 106 and the wireless communication receiving module 109 preferably use wireless modules with Biggee communication technology, which are small in size and low in power consumption, and are suitable for short-range wireless transmission. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, other existing wireless communication modules, such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc., can also be used. When the device is shut down, the wireless energy transmitting module 108 transmits energy to the wireless energy receiving module 105 at the acquisition end via magnetic resonance. Finally, the energy is stored in the battery module 104. At the same time, the wireless communication transmitting module 106 wirelessly transmits the collected data to the wireless communication receiving module 109 at the main fixed end. The wireless communication receiving module 109 transmits the data to the receiving terminal via a network cable.

[0045] It is understood that the entire main pusher acquisition end is integrated inside the main pusher cage 1. Four displacement sensor modules 101 are fixed on the ribs of the main pusher cage 1. As the main pusher cage 1 rotates, the sensors scan the entire upper and lower surfaces of the main pusher raceway within their detection range. The acquired data is transmitted to the microprocessor 107 via wires for storage and analysis. When the equipment is stopped, the data is transmitted to the wireless communication receiving module 109 at the main pusher fixed end via the wireless communication transmitting module 106. At the same time, the wireless energy transmitting module 108 at the main pusher fixed end provides wireless charging to the wireless energy receiving module 105.

[0046] It is understandable that the structure of the radial acquisition end is basically the same as that of the main acquisition end, the only difference being that the radial raceway has only one row of radial rollers 10. Therefore, damage monitoring of the upper radial raceway 6 and the lower radial raceway 7 can be achieved simply by installing two displacement sensor modules 101 on the radial cage 5. In addition, the structure of the radial fixed end is the same as that of the main fixed end.

[0047] Understandable, such as Figure 7 As shown, the receiving terminal provides power to the wireless energy transmitting module 108 of the main fixed end and the radial fixed end. When the device is stopped, the wireless communication transmitting module 106 of the main acquisition end and the radial acquisition end transmits the acquired data to the wireless communication receiving module 109 of the main fixed end and the radial fixed end. The wireless communication receiving module 109 then transmits the acquired output to the receiving terminal through a cable. In addition, the wireless energy transmitting module 108 of the main fixed end and the radial fixed end can also provide wireless charging to the wireless energy receiving module 105 of the main acquisition end and the radial acquisition end, and the charging energy is stored in the battery module 104.

[0048] Optionally, both the main push acquisition end and the radial acquisition end include RFID tags, specifically installed on the wireless energy receiving module 105. Both the main push fixed end and the radial fixed end include RFID readers. When the acquisition end moves into the detection range of the RFID reader, the RFID reader reads the tag signal strength to identify the location information of the RFID tag. Before the equipment is ready to stop, the rotation speed of the main bearing is adjusted according to the location information identified by the RFID reader so that the acquisition end stops within the coverage area of ​​the wireless charging when the equipment is completely stationary.

[0049] It is understandable that when the equipment stops, the acquisition end needs to remain near the fixed end for wireless charging. The coverage area of ​​wireless charging is generally between tens of centimeters and one meter. Therefore, to ensure the reliability of wireless charging, it is necessary to control the position of the acquisition end when the equipment stops. This invention addresses this by setting an RFID tag at the acquisition end and an RFID reader at the fixed end. Before the equipment stops, the tunneling machine control program controls the main bearing speed based on the position information provided by the RFID reader, ensuring that the acquisition end remains within the coverage area of ​​the wireless energy transmission module 108 when the equipment is completely stationary, thus guaranteeing reliable wireless charging. In existing technologies, angle encoders or angle sensors are generally used to detect the rotation angle of the main shaft, thereby adjusting the main bearing speed to accurately control the stopping position of the acquisition end. However, there is no space on the main shaft to install angle encoders or angle sensors. If the angle encoder or angle sensor is installed on the cage, the cage will continuously impact the main bearing during operation, causing the angle encoder or angle sensor to fail to accurately detect the rotation angle, thus failing to accurately control the stopping position of the acquisition end and consequently compromising the reliability of wireless charging.

[0050] It is understood that when the main bearing rotates, the cage undergoes circumferential movement. The displacement sensor follows the cage's rotation, performing 360° detection on the raceway surface within its detection range. The detected data is transmitted to the microprocessor 107 for storage and analysis, thereby achieving damage monitoring. When the equipment stops, the fixed end begins to transmit energy wirelessly to the acquisition end via magnetic resonance. The energy is stored in the battery module 104. Furthermore, the data and analysis results in the microprocessor 107 are transmitted to the fixed end via the wireless communication transmission module 106. The fixed end then transmits the data to the receiving terminal via a network cable. The receiving terminal receives the data and analysis results transmitted from the main and radial fixed ends, and simultaneously powers the wireless energy transmission modules 108 of both the main and radial fixed ends. The entire system can be configured with sampling intervals and durations according to actual needs. For example, in the early stages of main bearing operation, sampling can be performed every 3 days, with each sampling time covering the duration of 4 rotations of the main bearing (2 rotations of the cage). If the main bearing speed is 1 rpm, then each sampling time should be at least 4 minutes. In the later stages of main bearing operation, the sampling frequency can be increased, such as sampling once every 1 day.

[0051] In addition, another embodiment of the present invention provides a tunneling machine, preferably employing the main bearing raceway damage monitoring system described above.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A main bearing raceway damage monitoring system, characterized in that, The device includes a main pusher acquisition end, a main pusher fixed end, a radial acquisition end, a radial fixed end, and a receiving terminal. The main pusher acquisition end is fixedly installed on the main pusher retainer (1) and is used to acquire the distances from the main pusher roller to the upper raceway (2) and the lower raceway (3). The main pusher fixed end is fixedly installed on the first outer ring (4) and is used to receive the acquisition data from the main pusher acquisition end and provide it with wireless power through wireless communication. The radial acquisition end is fixedly installed on the radial retainer (5) and is used to acquire the distances from the radial upper raceway (6) and the radial lower raceway (7). The radial fixed end is fixedly installed on the second outer ring (8) and is used to receive the acquisition data from the radial acquisition end and provide it with wireless power through wireless communication. The main pusher fixed end and the radial fixed end are both connected to the receiving terminal via cables. The receiving terminal is used to monitor raceway damage based on the acquisition data from the main pusher acquisition end and the radial acquisition end, and to provide power to the main pusher fixed end and the radial fixed end. The main push acquisition end includes a data processing module (102) and at least one displacement sensor module (101). At least one displacement sensor module (101) is fixedly installed on a rib plate in the middle position of the main push retainer (1). The main push roller (9) located in the pocket next to the rib plate and close to the main push fixed end is removed. The data processing module (102) is fixedly installed at the position of the removed main push roller (9). A baffle is provided in the middle of the pocket to limit the remaining main push roller (9) in the pocket. The data processing module (102) is connected to the displacement sensor module (101) through a cable. There are four displacement sensor modules (101), and every two displacement sensor modules (101) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the central axis of one main push roller (9). The sampling frequency of the displacement sensor module (101) is determined based on the main bearing diameter, rotational speed, and minimum size requirement for target fault identification, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； in, F s This indicates the sampling frequency of the displacement sensor. n Indicates the rotational speed of the main bearing. Indicates the diameter of the main bearing. s This indicates the sampling point interval distance determined based on the minimum identification size requirement.

2. The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each displacement sensor module (101) includes two opposing displacement sensors for simultaneously measuring the distances to the upper raceway (2) and the lower raceway (3) of the main push roller, respectively.

3. The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module (102) includes a battery module (104), a wireless energy receiving module (105), a wireless communication transmitting module (106), and a microprocessor (107) installed in an oil protective housing (103). The battery module (104) is electrically connected to the wireless energy receiving module (105), the wireless communication transmitting module (106), the microprocessor (107), and the displacement sensor module (101), respectively. The microprocessor (107) is also electrically connected to the displacement sensor module (101) and the wireless communication transmitting module (106), respectively.

4. The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the main push acquisition end and the radial acquisition end include RFID tags, and both the main push fixed end and the radial fixed end include RFID readers. When the acquisition end moves into the detection range of the RFID reader, the RFID reader reads the tag signal strength to identify the location information of the RFID tag. Before the equipment is ready to stop, the rotation speed of the main bearing is adjusted according to the location information identified by the RFID reader so that the acquisition end stops within the coverage range of the wireless charging when the equipment is completely stationary.

5. The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The main fixed end includes a wireless power transmitting module (108) and a wireless communication receiving module (109). The wireless communication receiving module (109) communicates wirelessly with the wireless communication transmitting module (106), and the wireless power transmitting module (108) provides wireless charging to the wireless power receiving module (105).

6. The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The installation distance between the displacement sensor and the raceway surface is (a, bc), where a represents the lower limit of the displacement sensor's detection range, b represents the upper limit of the displacement sensor's detection range, and c represents the maximum size of the recess on the raceway surface.

7. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, The main bearing raceway damage monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

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