Lens light-emitting unit, display unit and preparation method of display unit

Abstract

The invention provides a lens light-emitting unit, a display unit and a preparation method of the display unit. The lens light-emitting unit comprises a lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles and a plurality of micro light-emitting units, the plurality of micro light-emitting units are arranged on one side of the lens capable of focusing at a plurality of bit angles in a close and adjacent layout mode to form a compact light-emitting covering layer; an array formed by a plurality of lens light-emitting units can realize a naked eye three-dimensional display effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of digital display technology, and in particular to a lens light-emitting unit, a display unit, and a method for manufacturing the display unit. Background Art

[0002] In the field of digital graphics display, although the screen is essentially a flat two-dimensional display device, people successfully perceive the existence of three-dimensional images through the differences and changes in color grayscale. This phenomenon is based on the principle of visual illusion of the human eye, that is, different color grayscale combinations can simulate the three-dimensional effect of three-dimensional objects. Specifically, according to the principle of color science, the protruding parts of the edges of three-dimensional objects often show high-brightness colors, while the concave parts show darker colors due to the obstruction of light. This principle has been widely used in many fields such as web design and graphic applications, especially in the drawing of buttons and 3D lines. For example, in order to create a 3D text effect, developers will use high-brightness colors to display the original position of the text, and use low-brightness colors to draw the outline at its lower left or upper right position, so as to visually produce a three-dimensional effect of 3D text. This implementation method usually involves drawing two identical fonts with different colors at different positions on the screen, and creating the desired 3D visual effect by precisely controlling their coordinate positions.

[0003] Although the above technologies simulate the three-dimensional effect to a certain extent, the current mainstream 3D stereoscopic display technology still faces many challenges. First, these technologies often require users to wear special glasses, which not only limits their scope of application but also reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, long-term 3D experience may cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomforts, which further limits the widespread adoption of these technologies. Therefore, developing a technology that does not require special glasses and can provide a comfortable 3D visual experience has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a lens light-emitting unit, a display unit and a method for manufacturing the display unit, which solves the problem that the user is required to wear special glasses in the prior art, which limits the application scope of 3D display technology and reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, long-term 3D experience can also cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomfort.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a lens light-emitting unit is provided, which comprises: a lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units; the plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged in a close and adjacent layout on one side of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact light-emitting covering layer; an array composed of a plurality of the lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect.

[0007] Optionally, the micro-light-emitting unit is a white light-emitting unit or a red, green and blue light-emitting unit; or, the micro-light-emitting unit is an LED light-emitting unit or an OLED light-emitting unit or an LCD light-emitting unit or an LTPO light-emitting unit.

[0008] Optionally, the compact covering layer formed by the plurality of micro-light-emitting units covers a focusing interval portion of the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles.

[0009] Optionally, the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles is a generalized Luneburg lens, and the refractive index of the generalized Luneburg lens is: Among them, n(r) is the refractive index of the generalized Luneberg lens, r0 is the spherical radius of the generalized Luneberg lens, r is the radial coordinate, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical surface of the generalized Luneberg lens.

[0010] Optionally, the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles is an approximate generalized Luneberg lens, and the refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneberg lens is:

[0011] Among them, K means dividing the lens sphere into K wrapping layers evenly from the center of the sphere outward according to the distance to the center of the sphere, k means the kth layer from the center of the sphere outward, n(k) is the refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneburg lens, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical medium of the approximate generalized Luneburg lens.

[0012] Optionally, the divergent light radiation of each of the micro-light-emitting units may be converged by the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles into light radiation with a specific direction.

[0013] In a second aspect, a display unit is provided, comprising: the lens light-emitting unit described in the first aspect, wherein a plurality of the lens light-emitting units are arranged according to a specific rule and fixed with a fixing medium to form the display unit.

[0014] Optionally, the refractive index of the fixed medium is the same as or similar to the refractive index of the outermost layer of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles.

[0015] Optionally, the fixed medium and the outermost layer of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles constitute a screen layer, and the outward radiation surface of the screen layer of the display unit is a pure plane or a pure spherical surface or a customized curved surface.

[0016] Optionally, the specific regular arrangement is that the lens light-emitting units of a layer are arranged on the screen layer in a honeycomb structure with a certain spacing.

[0017] Optionally, the specific regular arrangement is a layer of lens light-emitting units that are squeezed and arranged on a screen layer.

[0018] In a third aspect, a method for preparing a display unit is provided, wherein the method is used to prepare the display unit as described in the second aspect, and the method comprises: preparing a lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles; arranging and fixing a plurality of the lenses that can focus at multiple azimuth angles according to specific rules; preparing micro-luminescent units distributed according to a regular topological structure on the lenses that can focus at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact covering layer; and preparing a driving circuit for the display unit.

[0019] Optionally, arranging and fixing the plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to a specific rule includes: fixing a portion of the surfaces of the plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles.

[0020] Optionally, the step of preparing micro-light-emitting units distributed in a regular topological structure on the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact covering layer comprises:

[0021] The focal positions on one side of the lens are divided into focal intervals according to multiple azimuth angles to construct a topological structure;

[0022] A plurality of the micro-light-emitting units are compactly prepared and packed in the focusing area on one side of the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to the topological structure to form a covering layer.

[0023] Optionally, after the display unit preparation is completed, the following steps are also included: controlling the field angle brightness of the display array; correcting the refractive index of the display array; and holographic digital graphics processing.

[0024] According to a fourth aspect, an electronic device is provided, wherein the electronic device comprises the display unit as described in the second aspect.

[0025] The embodiment of the present application provides a lens light-emitting unit, which includes: a lens that can focus at various azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units; the plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged on the lens in a close and adjacent layout to form a compact light-emitting covering layer; the array composed of the lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect. This solves the problem in the prior art that users are required to wear special glasses, which limits the application scope of 3D display technology and reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, long-term 3D experience can also cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a prior art light barrier type three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a prior art cylindrical lens three-dimensional display principle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3A A schematic diagram of a screen top view of a prior art provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3B A schematic diagram of a screen side view of the prior art provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4A A schematic diagram of a real object imaging viewing angle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4B A schematic diagram of expected three-dimensional digital imaging of a screen provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a lens light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5A A schematic diagram of a generalized Luneburg lens provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig. 6A A schematic side view of a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6B A schematic top view of a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the focusing principle of a generalized Luneburg lens provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a process for preparing a lens light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a microsphere lens fixing structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of overlapping radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.11A A schematic diagram of a method for solving overlapping radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig. 11B A schematic diagram of another method for solving overlapping radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 11C A schematic diagram of another method for solving the overlapping of radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the light-emitting principle of an RGB light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the radiation direction angle between two adjacent RGB light-emitting units provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig.14 Schematic diagrams of a display unit with a field granularity of 42°, 20°, 10° and 4.5° provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of mounting an RGB light-emitting unit on an organic color display layer of a display array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig.16 A simplified topological structure diagram of a new lens unit light-emitting cover layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of mounting another RGB light-emitting unit on an organic color-developing layer of a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of another hexagonal display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig.19 A side view of another hexagonal display unit schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig. 20 A plan view of another hexagonal display unit schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Fig.21A schematic diagram of reflection leakage provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of an interface reflectivity for reducing occluded pixel positions provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of a field of view brightness control principle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Fig.24 A schematic diagram of a sub-display array refractive index correction provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of the well-known business call service processes are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0057] The terms used in the following embodiments are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present application, the singular expressions "a", "said", "above", and "the" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] In the field of digital graphics display, although the screen is essentially a flat two-dimensional display device, people successfully perceive the existence of three-dimensional images through the differences and changes in color grayscale. This phenomenon is based on the principle of visual illusion of the human eye, that is, different color grayscale combinations can simulate the three-dimensional effect of three-dimensional objects. Specifically, according to the principle of color science, the protruding parts of the edges of three-dimensional objects often show high-brightness colors, while the concave parts show darker colors due to the obstruction of light. This principle has been widely used in many fields such as web design and graphic applications, especially in the drawing of buttons and 3D lines. For example, in order to create a 3D text effect, developers will use high-brightness colors to display the original position of the text, and use low-brightness colors to draw the outline at its lower left or upper right position, so as to visually produce a three-dimensional effect of 3D text. This implementation method usually involves drawing two identical fonts with different colors at different positions on the screen, and creating the desired 3D visual effect by precisely controlling their coordinate positions.

[0059] Although the above technologies simulate the three-dimensional effect to a certain extent, the current mainstream 3D stereoscopic display technology still faces many challenges. First, these technologies often require users to wear special glasses, which not only limits their scope of application but also reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, long-term 3D experience may cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomforts, which further limits the widespread adoption of these technologies. Therefore, developing a technology that does not require special glasses and can provide a comfortable 3D visual experience has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field.

[0060] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application proposes a lens light-emitting unit, which includes: a lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units; the plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged in a close and adjacent layout on one side of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact light-emitting covering layer; an array composed of a plurality of lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect, which solves the problem in the prior art that users are required to wear special glasses, which limits the application scope of 3D display technology and reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, a long-term 3D experience can also cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomfort.

[0061] The following first introduces the prior art three-dimensional display technology provided by the embodiment of the present application, see Figure 1 . Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a prior art light barrier type three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 The optical barrier type three-dimensional display device shown includes: a screen 101 and a viewing barrier 102 .

[0062] The light barrier type 3D display technology realizes 3D display by integrating the switch LCD screen, polarizing film and polymer liquid crystal layer. In the light barrier type 3D display, the combination of polymer liquid crystal layer and polarizing film is precisely controlled to generate a series of vertical stripe structures with a precise direction of 90°. The width of these stripes is precisely controlled within the range of tens of microns to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the parallax effect.

[0063] Through these stripes, light is effectively guided and forms a vertical fine-strip grid pattern, called a "parallax barrier." The parallax barrier is precisely placed between the backlight module and the LCD (liquid crystal display) panel, and its physical properties enable the modulation and guidance of light.

[0064] During the display process, the visual images of the left eye (103) and the right eye (104) are effectively separated by precise control of the on / off LCD screen. When the left eye and the right eye receive their respective corresponding visual information, the viewer's brain can fuse the information to perceive a three-dimensional image.

[0065] The significant advantage of light barrier 3D display is its cost-effectiveness, which has been widely recognized and adopted by the industry. However, light barrier 3D display technology also has a disadvantage that cannot be ignored, that is, the screen brightness is relatively low. This may have a certain impact on the user experience in certain lighting environments.

[0066] In order to solve the screen brightness problem in the light barrier type 3D display, cylindrical lens display is used in the related art. Figure 2 , Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of a prior art cylindrical lens three-dimensional display principle provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the core principle of cylindrical lens 3D display is to ensure that the image plane of the LCD screen is exactly on the focal plane of the lens. Through this design, the image pixel under each cylindrical lens is accurately divided into multiple sub-pixels. These sub-pixels are then projected in different directions through the lens to achieve stereoscopic vision. Therefore, when both eyes view the display from their own unique perspectives, they can receive different sub-pixel information respectively.

[0067] Compared with light barrier 3D display, lenticular lens 3D display does not significantly affect the screen brightness, thus ensuring higher display quality and more realistic 3D visual effects. Therefore, in terms of display effect, lenticular lens 3D display has significant advantages over light barrier 3D display.

[0068] Furthermore, related technologies are pursuing high brightness display at all viewing angles, that is, within the hemispherical direction angle range of the screen, the radiant brightness is as uniform as possible to achieve the best visual experience of two-dimensional image display. Figure 3A and Figure 3B . Figure 3A A schematic diagram of a top view of a screen of the prior art provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3B A schematic diagram of a screen side view of the prior art provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3A and Figure 3B It can be seen that the red, green and blue (RGB) pixel light-emitting units and the screen work together to achieve omnidirectional radiation of visible light, thus providing us with a rich and colorful visual experience.

[0069] First of all, RGB (red, green, and blue) is the basis of all colors. Each pixel on the screen is actually composed of three RGB sub-pixels, which are responsible for emitting red, green, and blue light respectively. RGB light-emitting units are the basic components of the screen. Each RGB light-emitting unit is an independent light source that can produce red, green, and blue light. By precisely controlling the brightness of each RGB sub-pixel, we can mix almost any color. This ability enables the screen to present colorful images and videos. The screen itself is a device that can receive and display images. When the RGB light-emitting unit is activated and emits light, the light will spread evenly in all directions, which is the omnidirectional radiation of visible light. The design and material selection of the screen are designed to optimize the propagation and reflection of light, ensuring that viewers can get clear and consistent images when watching from different angles.

[0070] The principle of 3D display requires that objects or targets be displayed differently in different directions at different viewing angles. Figure 4A and Figure 4B . Figure 4A A schematic diagram of a real object imaging viewing angle provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4B A schematic diagram of a screen three-dimensional digital imaging expectation provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4A and Figure 4B It can be seen that the core requirements of the 3D display principle are to be able to display the differences of objects or targets at different viewing angles in different directions. This requirement is based on a basic visual principle: our eyes can perceive the three-dimensional structure of objects because our eyes can observe objects from different angles and capture the subtle differences of these objects at different viewing angles.

[0071] Specifically, it is to create images with multiple viewing angles on the screen, and through special technology, viewers can see the corresponding viewing angles at different positions. This is usually achieved by arranging a large number of RGB light-emitting units on the screen.

[0072] Each RGB light-emitting unit can independently control the intensity, color and radiation angle of the light it emits, so as to accurately simulate the color and brightness changes of objects at different viewing angles. When these pixel light-emitting units are arranged on the screen with extremely high density and precision, a three-dimensional image space can be created, allowing viewers to feel the three-dimensional structure of the object.

[0073] The above is an introduction to the three-dimensional display principle in the related art. However, the above related art still has some technical problems, such as limitations in resolution, field of view coverage, distance, etc. The three-dimensional display provided in the embodiment of the present application is intended to solve the limitations of the related art in resolution, field of view coverage, distance, etc.

[0074] The following is a detailed description of the three-dimensional display provided by the embodiment of the present application, see Figure 5 . Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a lens light-emitting unit structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 The lens light-emitting unit 50 shown includes a lens 501 that can focus at various azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units 502. It should be noted that the focusing at various azimuth angles of the lens that can focus at various azimuth angles is interpreted as parallel light rays of any orientation entering the lens from one side of the lens, and after being refracted by the lens, they can be focused on the other side of the lens to a point on the axis consistent with the direction of the parallel light. Among them, a plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged on the lens in a close and adjacent layout to form a compact covering layer; each micro-light-emitting unit is closely connected to its adjacent micro-light-emitting unit.

[0075] It should be noted that the micro-luminescent unit in the embodiments of the present application can be a white light-emitting unit or a red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting unit. The embodiments of the present application are schematically illustrated using RGB light-emitting units, but the micro-luminescent units in the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited to RGB light-emitting units.

[0076] It should also be noted that the light-emitting unit in the embodiment of the present application can be an LED (Light Emitting Diode) light-emitting unit or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) light-emitting unit or an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) light-emitting unit or an LTPO (Lowtemperature polysilicon and oxide) light-emitting unit, and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.

[0077] For example, in Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, a lens that can focus at all azimuth angles is a generalized Luneburg lens. The Luneburg lens is a special lens with a spherically variable refractive index distribution, which was proposed by RK Luneburg in 1944. The refractive index of the generalized Luneburg lens is shown in formula (1):

[0078]

[0079] Wherein, n(r) is the refractive index of the generalized Luneberg lens, r0 is the radius of the generalized Luneberg lens, r is the radial coordinate, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical surface (at r=r0) of the generalized Luneberg lens.

[0080] In some embodiments, Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, a lens that can focus at all azimuth angles is an approximate generalized Luneburg lens. The refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneburg lens is shown in formula (2):

[0081]

[0082] Among them, K means dividing the lens sphere into K wrapping layers evenly from the center of the sphere to the outside according to the distance to the center of the sphere, k means the kth layer from the center of the sphere to the outside, n(k) is the refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneberg lens, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical surface (Kth layer) medium of the approximate generalized Luneberg lens.

[0083] The Luneburg lens is similar to the hemispherical Maxwell fisheye lens. The Luneburg lens can also transform spherical waves into plane waves. Figure 5A , Figure 5A Schematic diagram of a Luneburg lens provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5A As shown, in the field of antenna applications, Luneburg lenses can be well used for applications such as beam scanning and improving antenna directional gain.

[0084] The Luneburg lens, with its compact geometry and low mass, significantly reduces aerodynamic drag and maintains the fighter's flight performance. Its efficient reflection characteristics, combined with smaller sidelobe and backlobe levels, provide optimized directional performance. Given the limitations of most current radar systems in detecting advanced stealth fighters, this has a positive effect on improving the survivability of stealth fighters. However, within the country's airspace, if the potential air safety risks caused by the inability of stealth fighters to be detected by air or ground radars need to be resolved by mounting a Luneburg lens. This lens can significantly enhance the radar reflection cross-section of stealth fighters, thereby ensuring that air and ground radar systems can effectively monitor and track these aircraft to reduce potential safety hazards.

[0085] It should be noted that Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, a compact covering layer formed by a plurality of micro-light-emitting units covers the focusing interval of the generalized Luneburg lens at multiple azimuth focusing angles. Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment is a nearly hemispherical surface of a generalized Luneburg lens, and an array composed of a plurality of lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect.

[0086] The following pair Figure 5 The display unit composed of the lens light-emitting unit of the embodiment shown in FIG. Fig. 6A and Figure 6B . Fig. 6A A side view schematic diagram of a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6B A schematic top view of a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 6A The display unit 60 shown includes a screen layer 601 and the lens light emitting unit 50 shown in the above embodiment arranged according to a specific rule. Fig. 6A The lens light-emitting units shown are arranged in a rectangular single layer on the side (vertical dimension), Figure 6B The lens light-emitting units shown are arranged at a certain distance in a hexagonal honeycomb structure on the front side (horizontal dimension). The specific rule can be preset, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the specific arrangement rule of the lens light-emitting units.

[0087] It should be noted that if Figure 6B As shown, the specific arrangement rule may be that a layer of microspheres (microlens light emitting units) is extruded and arranged on the screen layer.

[0088] Specifically, the screen layer 601 may be:

[0089] For a pure flat display, the hardware implementation is relatively simple, and its appearance is similar to that of existing PC monitors, mobile phone displays, etc. The digital and image signal processing process needs to generate corresponding image signals according to the granularity of the viewing field to ensure the accuracy of content presentation, which is similar to that of existing PC monitors, mobile phone displays, etc.

[0090] Pure spherical (convex or outer spherical) display screen, convex or outer spherical display screen can make up for the limitation of pure flat display screen that can only display forward, and realize true 3D display effect without dead angle. It is suitable for product showcases or advertising placement. By adjusting the size of the spherical surface, the size of the display target can be limited, and specific objects or large scenes can be scaled for display. It provides a wider viewing angle.

[0091] Pure spherical (concave or inner spherical) display screen, the curved surface design of the concave or inner spherical surface allows the display screen to display inwards, and the user feels as if they are in it. It is suitable for 360° environmental holographic modeling, bringing an immersive experience to users.

[0092] Customized curved display screens are designed and cut according to specific needs to meet a variety of application scenarios. For example, multiple pure flat display screens are spliced ​​into a polyhedron structure, such as six pure flat screens spliced ​​into a cube, which is used to make a holographic display cabinet.

[0093] It should be noted that the lens light-emitting units are first arranged according to a specific rule, and then the arranged microsphere lenses are glued and fixed using a hot melt adhesive with a relatively low refractive index to form a screen layer (601). Alternatively, a medium with the same refractive index as the outermost layer of the lens can be used to directly hot-melt the microsphere lenses. In other words, the medium that fixes the lens and the outermost layer of the lens constitute the screen layer 601. The following is an introduction to the principle of achieving a three-dimensional effect using a generalized Luneburg lens and an RGB light-emitting unit, see Figure 7 . Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the focusing principle of a generalized Luneburg lens provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the generalized Luneburg lens 701, with its excellent focusing properties, is able to converge nearly parallel light rays 702, thereby converting the divergent light radiation of each RGB light-emitting unit into a radiation pattern with a specific direction. Specifically, the application of the generalized Luneburg lens limits the light output of each RGB light-emitting unit to a specific direction range, forming directional radiation. In this way, the RGB light-emitting units in different radiation directions of the lens light-emitting unit array can be imaged independently in their respective directions, thereby achieving a differentiated perspective imaging effect. Ultimately, this differentiated perspective imaging technology is used to achieve stereoscopic imaging, providing users with a richer and more realistic three-dimensional visual experience.

[0094] The above describes the structure of the three-dimensional display unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. The following describes the method for preparing the three-dimensional display unit. Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a method for preparing a display unit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 8 The preparation method shown includes:

[0095] S801: Prepare a lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles.

[0096] Specifically, the embodiments of the present application use the generalized Luneburg lens as a lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles for schematic illustration, but there is no specific restriction on the type of lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles. Since the generalized Luneburg lens has a standard sphere shape and is very small in size, the refractive index (or dielectric constant) of the internal medium gradually increases from the outside to the inside, so it is necessary to first manufacture a smaller high-refractive index spherical core, and then wrap the medium with a smaller and smaller refractive index layer by layer, and ensure that the shell layer wrapped each time is a standard spherical shape. Exemplarily, in step S801, a suspended (or weightless) gas-phase medium condensation method can be used to prepare a microsphere lens, comprising the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: Heat SiO2 (silicon dioxide) powder and metal oxide (such as TiO2) powder in a high-temperature reactor. The high temperature causes SiO2 to reach the gas-liquid critical point.

[0098] Step 2: Induce SiO2 to condense into liquid by controlling pressure or other external disturbances. In a suspended (or weightless) scenario, the liquid will automatically shrink into a spherical shape due to surface tension. Even if the condensed ball reaches a certain mass, it will not fall or deform.

[0099] Step 3: During the condensation process, the concentration of metal oxide (such as TiO2) is adjusted so that the concentration of metal oxide gradually changes as the sphere grows from small to large, thereby changing the refractive index or transmittance.

[0100] Step 4: After reaching a certain size, stop adding medium and cool the microspheres.

[0101] Step 5: Size screening of the microsphere lenses. Since the sizes of the microspheres may vary during the preparation of the microsphere lenses, it is necessary to size screen the microsphere lenses to select microlens balls that meet the requirements. For example, a multi-layer gravity vibration screening method can be used to screen the microsphere lenses.

[0102] S802: Arrange and fix a plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to specific rules.

[0103] Specifically, in this step, the microsphere lenses are arranged according to specific rules. If the microsphere lenses are arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb shape, a vibrating screen or other equipment can be used so that the stable structure formed after squeezing the spherical objects is a hexagonal honeycomb. Then, a hot melt adhesive with a lower refractive index is used to adhere and fix the arranged microsphere lenses to form a screen layer. Alternatively, a medium with the same or similar refractive index as the outermost layer of the lens can be used to directly hot-melt fix the microsphere lenses. The microsphere lenses are arranged on the screen layer in a honeycomb structure with a certain spacing to form a display unit.

[0104] It should be noted that only a part of the spherical surface of the microsphere lens is fixed, and the entire spherical surface of the microsphere lens cannot be fixed. Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a microsphere lens fixing structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that only a portion of the surface of the microsphere lens needs to be fixed. Fig. 9 The example of fixing only half of the transparent spherical surface of the microsphere is given. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any specific limitation on the part of the spherical surface of the microsphere lens, that is, as long as the entire spherical surface of the microsphere lens is not fixed, it will suffice.

[0105] It should be noted that if the distance between adjacent lens units is too close, the radiation areas will overlap, causing part of the light to pass through another lens to produce a mirror focus. The light passing through this focus will enter another lens and then fall on the bottom edge of the lens. At present, it seems that if this part leaks directly through the back of the lens, the impact will be relatively small. If part of it is reflected by the interface at the pixel position, it may leak out from the front and cause certain pollution. See Fig.10 . Fig.10 A schematic diagram of overlapping radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] For solutions to overlapping radiation areas, see Figures 11A-11C . Fig.11A A schematic diagram of solving the overlapping of radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig.11A As shown, the lens unit spacing is adjusted (appropriately increased) to reduce the intensity of light passing through the mirror focus to solve the problem of overlapping radiation areas.

[0107] Fig. 11B A schematic diagram of another method for solving the overlapping of radiation areas provided in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig. 11B As shown, light-absorbing material is applied on the back side to absorb the light leaking from the back side to solve the problem of overlapping radiation areas.

[0108] Fig. 11C A schematic diagram of another method for solving the overlapping of radiation areas provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig. 11C As shown, the lens spacing is directly increased to eliminate the overlapping area.

[0109] S803: preparing micro-light-emitting units distributed in a regular topological structure on the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact covering layer.

[0110] Specifically, in the related art, the micro-light-emitting units are all processed on a flat surface, and templates are used for coating and etching, which is relatively simple to implement. However, for a spherical surface, it is difficult to require a consistent thickness of the coating, and this is difficult to achieve using the common base coating and etching multiple iterations process in the related art. In the embodiment of the present application, the photolithography process in the chip manufacturing process can be used, and multi-light source and multi-angle laser development of the photoresist is used, and then etching is performed to achieve compact coverage of the RGB light-emitting units on the spherical surface. The accuracy of this method is at the ten-micron level, which is far less than the chip process accuracy. It should be noted that the RGB light-emitting unit used in the embodiment of the present application is realized by the OLED (organic light-emitting diode) principle of the prior art, see Fig.12 , Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the light-emitting principle of an RGB light-emitting unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. That is to say, the anode of the RGB light-emitting unit still adopts vapor deposition (physical evaporation), and then a multi-angle photolithography circuit is used; the organic emission layer also adopts a multi-layer evaporation process, but it is complicated, and the medium is in the gas phase and condensed onto the base layer by laser bombardment. For RGB multi-type media, it can only be performed multiple times. It should be noted that the difference between the preparation process of the RGB light-emitting unit in the embodiment of the present application and the existing OLED preparation method is that the photolithography and evaporation masks are different, and the photolithography and evaporation masks of the RGB light-emitting unit in the embodiment of the present application are more irregular. Furthermore, the RGB light-emitting unit in the application embodiment is inconsistent with the existing OLED projection angle, and it is necessary to traverse the lithography according to the viewing angle field.

[0111] Specifically, the azimuth field of view should try to ensure that the radiation direction angle between any two adjacent RGB light-emitting units is the same or close, and as small as possible, so that the user can have a smoother and more delicate visual experience. Fig.13 . Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the radiation direction angle between two adjacent RGB light-emitting units provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0112] Fig.14 Schematic diagrams of RGB light-emitting unit covering structures on a lens unit with a field of view granularity (the viewing angle range of each light-emitting unit, or the radiation angle between two light-emitting units) of about 42°, about 20°, about 10°, and about 4.5°, respectively, provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.14 In the array structure shown, the focal intervals are divided according to the focal positions on one side of the lens at multiple azimuth angles to construct a topological structure; a plurality of micro-luminescent units are compactly prepared and filled on the focal interval on one side of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles according to the constructed topological structure to form a covering layer.

[0113] Specifically, the RGB light-emitting units are evenly distributed according to the regular cross-sectional topology to form a compact covering layer, see Fig.15 , Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of mounting an RGB light-emitting unit on an organic color display layer of a display array provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.14 As shown, a standard regular icosahedron based on an ideal sphere, the vertices of the polyhedron are located on the sphere, the midpoint of the side of each triangle of the triangular section is taken, the center of the sphere and the point are connected and projected onto the sphere to obtain a new vertex, and all the vertices are reconnected to obtain a new subdivided triangular section polyhedron, and the appropriate iteration of the section is continuously performed in this way to produce various field of view granularity topological structures that meet the needs. It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on the field of view granularity, that is, display units of various field of view granularity can be produced as needed.

[0114] Further, in Fig.14 Based on the lens unit shown in FIG. 1 , the adjacent 6 or 5 triangles are merged and simplified to obtain a simplified topological structure of the light-emitting cover layer of the new lens unit, see FIG. Fig.16 . Fig.16 A simplified topological structure diagram of a new lens unit light-emitting cover layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.16 The angular resolution of the simplified topological structure shown is about 20°. It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the angular resolution of the RGB light-emitting unit, that is, lens units with various angular resolutions can be manufactured as needed. Fig.16 The structure shown is laid out. Fig.17A schematic diagram of mounting another RGB light-emitting unit on the organic color display layer of a lens unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0115] There are several other designs for the topological structure of the light-emitting cover layer of the lens unit:

[0116] Since the continuous folding of an ideal hexagon cannot form a curved surface, the ideal hexagon cannot be used to form a pure hexagonal polyhedron that wraps the sphere, see Figure 18-Figure 20 . Fig.18 This is another schematic diagram of a hexagonal lens unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.18 As shown, the center of the sphere is first taken (the symmetry center of the spherical surface covering the light-emitting layer), and the first hexagon is taken with the center of the sphere as the center point. The side length needs to be designed according to the desired field of view angle, and then when extending outward and downward, the side length of the outer hexagon is continuously reduced to achieve the effect of surface convergence. For example, Fig.18 The topology of the luminous cover layer of the lens unit shown has a viewing angle field granularity of 10°.

[0117] Fig.19 A side view of a schematic diagram of the topological structure of another hexagonal lens unit light-emitting cover layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 20 A plan view of another topological structure schematic diagram of a hexagonal lens unit light-emitting cover layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.19 and Fig. 20 The topological structure construction process of the light-emitting cover layer of the lens unit in the embodiment shown is similar to Fig.18 The embodiment shown is similar, Fig.18 The embodiment shown is a process of first determining the center of the spherical surface and then extending it around the bottom edge of the light-emitting cover layer. Fig.19 and Fig. 20 The structural extension process in the illustrated embodiment is exactly the opposite. First, the ideal hexagon of the outermost circle of the bottom edge of the luminous covering layer is determined, and then the side length of the hexagon is set according to the field of view angle, and then it is extended and converged toward the center of the sphere to achieve the effect of curved surface convergence and coverage.

[0118] RGB light emitting unit according to Figure 18-Figure 20 The structure shown is laid out.

[0119] The topological structure of the light-emitting cover layers of all lens units remains consistent.

[0120] It should be noted that the luminous cover layer is not fully covered. When the viewing angle of the RGB luminous units is greater than 90°, the RGB luminous units will block each other, reducing the brightness and causing certain reflection leakage. Fig.21 . Fig.21 A schematic diagram of reflection leakage provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0121] Considering the need to calibrate the refractive index of the display array, according to calculations, the luminous coverage area covering the 180° hemispherical viewing field on the front of the screen is definitely smaller than the 180° hemispherical area, so there is no need to cover the ideal hemispherical area. The coverage area of ​​the RGB luminous unit can be appropriately reduced to reduce the number of covered pixels. The interface reflectivity of the blocked pixel position can be reduced through material design, see Fig. 22 . Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of an interface reflectivity reduction method for occluding pixel locations provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0122] S804: Prepare a driving circuit for the display unit.

[0123] Specifically, the driving circuit of a traditional two-dimensional display screen is relatively simple, that is, the wiring method in which the longitude and latitude lines cross vertically, which is also the most interface-saving and economical. The display device provided in the embodiment of the present application can directly use the driving circuit wiring method of a traditional two-dimensional display screen, and other wiring methods can also be considered. Other wiring methods need to meet the following conditions: Assume that the total pixel C = A*B, A+B is the total number of interfaces, A is the number of warp interfaces, and B is the number of weft interfaces. The closer A is to B, the smaller the total number of interfaces of A+B.

[0124] After the display array is prepared, it needs to be processed to meet the requirements of three-dimensional display, including:

[0125] 1. Control the field of view brightness of the display array.

[0126] Specifically, for the same pixel light source point, the area of ​​lateral directional radiation becomes smaller, and the corresponding lateral perceived brightness will be higher than the normal perceived brightness. In order to ensure uniform omnidirectional brightness, the luminance of the lateral light source should be maintained at cosθ times the luminance in the normal direction, where θ is the deflection angle of the lateral direction relative to the normal. Fig.23 . Fig.23 A schematic diagram of the field of view brightness control principle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0127] 2. Correct the refractive index of the display array.

[0128] Specifically, the angle is corrected to counteract refraction. Refraction usually occurs when light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water or glass. During digital image acquisition or display, especially when light passes through lenses or other optical components, refraction may occur, causing image distortion or deformation.

[0129] In digital image processing, various algorithms and techniques can be used to automatically detect and correct the refraction angle. For example, the refraction angle can be determined by analyzing the straight lines, edges, or specific feature points in the image, and the corresponding geometric transformation can be applied to offset this effect. The embodiment of the present application uses formula (2) to correct the refractive index of the display array to achieve the purpose of holographic restoration, converting the collected two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional image to provide a more realistic visual experience.

[0130]

[0131] Here, γ is the refractive index of the interface, or in some cases the ratio of the dielectric constants of the two media.

[0132] θ and See also Fig.24 As shown, Fig.24 A schematic diagram of a display array refractive index correction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0133] 3. Digital graphics processing.

[0134] Specifically, in this step, when the number of lens light-emitting units and the number of pixel units of a traditional display are the same, the total number of pixels of the display device provided in the embodiment of the present application needs to be doubled according to the number of micro-light-emitting units of the lens light-emitting unit. There are two display graphics processing requirements in the embodiment of the present application:

[0135] 1. When the display device provided in the embodiment of the present application performs holographic 3D display, the graphics card and GPU need to perform multi-view parallel rendering processing.

[0136] 2. The display device provided in the embodiment of the present application is forward compatible with traditional 2D plane graphic display, and the 2D plane graphic display signal source can be directly multiplexed to the display device screen for multi-viewing use.

[0137] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a lens light-emitting unit, which includes: a lens that can focus at various azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units; the plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged on the lens in a close and adjacent layout to form a compact light-emitting covering layer; the array composed of the lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect, which solves the problem in the prior art that users are required to wear special glasses, which limits the application scope of 3D display technology and reduces the comfort of use. Secondly, long-term 3D experience can also cause users to feel nausea, dizziness and other discomfort.

[0138] The technicians in the relevant field can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above-mentioned function allocation can be completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0139] In this article, multiple embodiments of the present invention are described, but for the sake of brevity, the description of each embodiment is not exhaustive, and the same or similar features or parts between the embodiments may be omitted. In this article, "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" are meant to be applicable to at least one embodiment or example according to the present invention, but not all embodiments. The above terms do not necessarily mean to refer to the same embodiment or example. In the absence of contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples.

[0140] The exemplary systems and methods of the present invention have been specifically shown and described with reference to the above embodiments, which are merely examples of the best modes for implementing the present systems and methods. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the embodiments of the systems and methods described herein when implementing the present systems and / or methods without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lens light emitting unit, characterized in that: include: A lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles and a plurality of micro-light-emitting units; The plurality of micro-light-emitting units are arranged in a close and adjacent layout on one side of the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles, forming a compact light-emitting covering layer; An array composed of a plurality of the lens light-emitting units can achieve a naked-eye three-dimensional display effect.

2. The lens light emitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-luminescent unit is a white light emitting unit or a red, green and blue light emitting unit; or The micro light-emitting unit is an LED light-emitting unit, an OLED light-emitting unit, an LCD light-emitting unit, or a LTPO light-emitting unit.

3. The lens light emitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compact covering layer formed by the plurality of micro-light-emitting units covers the focusing interval portion of the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles.

4. The lens light emitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles is a generalized Luneburg lens, and the refractive index of the generalized Luneburg lens is: Among them, n(r) is the refractive index of the generalized Luneberg lens, r0 is the spherical radius of the generalized Luneberg lens, r is the radial coordinate, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical surface of the generalized Luneberg lens.

5. The lens light emitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles is an approximate generalized Luneberg lens, and the refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneberg lens is: Among them, K means dividing the lens sphere into K wrapping layers evenly from the center of the sphere outward according to the distance to the center of the sphere, k means the kth layer from the center of the sphere outward, n(k) is the refractive index of the approximate generalized Luneburg lens, and σ0 is the refractive index of the outermost spherical medium of the approximate generalized Luneburg lens.

6. The lens light emitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The divergent light radiation of each of the micro-light-emitting units will be converged by the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles into light radiation with a specific direction.

7. A display unit, characterized in that: The display unit comprises a lens light-emitting unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of the lens light-emitting units are arranged according to a specific rule and a fixing medium is used to fix the plurality of the lens light-emitting units.

8. The display unit according to claim 7, characterized in that The refractive index of the fixed medium is the same as or close to the refractive index of the outermost layer of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles.

9. The display unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed medium and the outermost layer of the lens that can focus at multiple azimuth angles constitute a screen layer, and the outward radiation surface of the screen layer of the display unit is a pure plane or a pure spherical surface or a customized curved surface.

10. The display unit according to claim 7, characterized in that The specific regular arrangement is that the lens light-emitting units of a layer are arranged on the screen layer in a honeycomb structure with a certain spacing.

11. The display unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific regular arrangement is that a layer of lens light-emitting units is squeezed and arranged on the screen layer.

12. A method for preparing a display unit, characterized in that: The preparation method is used to prepare the display unit according to any one of claims 7 to 11, and the preparation method comprises: Prepare lenses that can focus at multiple azimuth angles; Arranging and fixing a plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to specific rules; Preparing micro-light-emitting units distributed in a regular topological structure on the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact covering layer; A driving circuit for a display unit is prepared.

13. The method for preparing a display unit according to claim 12, characterized in that: The arranging and fixing the plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to a specific rule comprises: fixing a portion of the surfaces of the plurality of lenses capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles.

14. The method for preparing a display unit according to claim 12, characterized in that: The method of preparing micro-light-emitting units distributed in a regular topological structure on the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles to form a compact covering layer comprises: The focal positions on one side of the lens are divided into focal intervals according to multiple azimuth angles to construct a topological structure; A plurality of the micro-light-emitting units are compactly prepared and packed in the focusing area on one side of the lens capable of focusing at multiple azimuth angles according to the topological structure to form a covering layer.

15. The method for preparing a display unit according to claim 12, characterized in that: After the display unit is prepared, it also includes: Control the field angle brightness of the display array; Correcting the refractive index of the display array; Holographic digital graphics processing.

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