Power division and synthesis device and method based on waveguide microstrip transition

Abstract

The invention discloses a power division and synthesis device and method based on waveguide micro-strip transition, an input / output waveguide adopts a standard waveguide port form and is responsible for signal input and output, a 180-degree power divider adopts an isolation technology, energy is uniformly and equally divided into four channels after being input from a ridge waveguide, and the power division and synthesis efficiency is improved. The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide provide paths of energy divided and isolated by the 180-degree power divider, the isolation waveguide microstrip transition structure converts a waveguide structure into a microstrip line at an isolation end, and the microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure converts a signal from a waveguide mode to a microstrip line mode. And the equally-divided signals are transitionally coupled to the air cavities through the waveguide micro-strips, so that the air cavities are combined in a synthesis mode. Comprehensive optimization of broadband, high isolation, miniaturization and power processing capacity and efficient energy distribution and synthesis under broadband characteristics are achieved, and meanwhile the problems that a traditional waveguide structure is large in size and difficult to miniaturize are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of radio frequency microwave technology, and in particular to a power division and synthesis device and method based on waveguide microstrip transition. Background Art

[0002] In view of the synthesis and miniaturization challenges faced by power chips in the 6-18 GHz band, as well as the demand for device performance improvement, the exploration directions may cover the following aspects:

[0003] First, new material application: Research new materials, such as high-temperature superconducting materials or high thermal conductivity composite materials, for chip packaging or heat dissipation systems to improve thermal management efficiency, thereby allowing higher power density without damaging the device. Second, innovative circuit design: Use advanced circuit simulation software to design more efficient power division and synthesis networks, such as using distributed components and hybrid microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology to reduce volume while maintaining high power handling capabilities. Third, three-dimensional integration technology: Use three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) or system-level packaging (SiP) technology to achieve higher density device integration and reduce space occupation, while enhancing power synthesis efficiency and channel isolation by optimizing interconnection structure. Fourth, algorithm optimization and digital pre-distortion: Use digital signal processing technology to pre-compensate nonlinear distortion, especially under high-power operation, so that higher power devices can be used without affecting signal quality. Fifth, system-level synthesis solution: Consider modular design and distribute power synthesis to multiple small modules. Each module is responsible for a part of power synthesis, and then sums it up. This can both disperse heat and improve overall synthesis efficiency and isolation.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art has the problem that it is unable to effectively synthesize high-power devices and realize miniaturization, and the performance of the devices themselves can only be partially improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a power division synthesis device and method based on waveguide-microstrip transition in order to overcome the existing technical defects, which can realize a 4-way synthesis mode and achieve the miniaturization of multi-way synthesis. Moreover, this method can realize 4-way high-power synthesis, solve the current multi-way synthesis miniaturization, improve isolation and improve harmonic problems.

[0006] The purpose of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application proposes a power splitter and synthesizer based on waveguide-microstrip transition, the power splitter and synthesizer comprising an input / output waveguide, a left isolation waveguide and a right isolation waveguide respectively perpendicular to the input / output waveguide, an isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure, a microstrip coupling-microstrip waveguide transition structure and a 180° power splitter, the input / output waveguide comprising an input / output port;

[0008] The input / output waveguide adopts the standard waveguide port form, which is responsible for the input and output of signals;

[0009] The 180° power divider uses isolation technology to evenly divide the energy input from the ridge waveguide into four channels;

[0010] The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide are used to provide a path for energy separated and isolated by the 180° power divider;

[0011] An isolated waveguide-microstrip transition structure is used to convert the waveguide structure into a microstrip line at the isolation end;

[0012] The microstrip coupled microstrip waveguide transition structure is used to convert the signal from the waveguide mode to the microstrip line mode, and couple the equally divided signal to the air cavity through the waveguide microstrip transition, so that the air cavity is merged by synthesis.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the microstrip-coupled-microstrip waveguide transition structure adopts a symmetric layout strategy.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the operating frequency band of the device is 6-18 GHz.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the isolation waveguide microstrip transition structure designs the isolation port in a microstrip form and is equipped with a small chip load resistor.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the device further includes a shielding or isolation element for reducing electromagnetic coupling between adjacent channels.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the device further comprises a standard ridge waveguide port element to ensure physical and electrical interface compatibility with an external system, and is designed to be a connectable standard size.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application proposes a power division synthesis method based on waveguide-microstrip transition, the method comprising:

[0019] The signal energy is input into the power splitter and synthesizer through the standard ridge waveguide port, and the signal is evenly divided into two parts by a 180° power splitter.

[0020] An isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure is used at the isolation port to transform the waveguide structure into a microstrip line form, and a patch load resistor is used to absorb the isolated signal energy;

[0021] The signal after the initial equal division is coupled through the microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure, and then enters four identical air cavities;

[0022] After processing in the air cavity, the signals are recombined by synthesis methods.

[0023] The above-mentioned main scheme of the present application and its further options can be freely combined to form multiple schemes, all of which are schemes that can be adopted and claimed for protection in the present application; and in the present application, (non-conflicting options) options and other options can also be freely combined. After understanding the scheme of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand that there are multiple combinations based on the prior art and common knowledge, all of which are technical schemes to be protected by the present application, and they are not exhaustively listed here.

[0024] The present application discloses a power splitter and synthesis device and method based on waveguide-microstrip transition. The input / output waveguide adopts the standard waveguide port form, which is responsible for the input and output of the signal. The 180° power splitter adopts isolation technology. After the energy is input from the ridge waveguide, it is evenly divided into four channels. The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide provide the path of the energy separated and isolated by the 180° power splitter. The isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure converts the waveguide structure into a microstrip line at the isolation end. The microstrip coupling-microstrip waveguide transition structure converts the signal from the waveguide mode to the microstrip line mode. The equally divided signal is coupled to the air cavity through the waveguide-microstrip transition, so that the air cavity is merged by synthesis. The comprehensive optimization of broadband, high isolation, miniaturization and power handling capacity, as well as efficient energy distribution and synthesis under broadband characteristics are achieved, while overcoming the problems of large volume and difficulty in miniaturization of traditional waveguide structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A front view of a power splitter and combiner device based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of a power splitter and combiner device based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0028] Figure 3An internal schematic diagram of a power splitter and combiner based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0029] Figure 4 The parameter diagram of the microwave and radio frequency circuits proposed in the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0030] Figure 5 The figure shows the amplitude diagram of the S2,1 parameter proposed in the embodiment of the present application changing with frequency.

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the variation of parameters such as S3,1 and S4,1 with frequency is shown.

[0032] Icons: 1-input port; 2-output port; 3-first isolation port of the left isolation waveguide; 4-second isolation port of the left isolation waveguide; 5-first isolation port of the right isolation waveguide; 6-second isolation port of the right isolation waveguide; 7-isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure; 8-microstrip-coupled-microstrip waveguide transition structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0034] Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] According to the existing 6-18G power chips and their synthesis methods, it is impossible to effectively synthesize and miniaturize high-power devices, and to partially improve the performance of the devices themselves.

[0036] Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application proposes a power division synthesis device and method based on waveguide-microstrip transition, which can not only perform high-power synthesis but also improve the harmonics of the current existing power chip by 10dB, which is described in detail below.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 The figure shows a front view of a power splitter and synthesizer based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2A top view of a power splitter and synthesizer based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 3 The internal schematic diagram of a power splitter and synthesizer based on waveguide-microstrip transition proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The power splitter and synthesizer comprises an input / output waveguide, a left isolation waveguide and a right isolation waveguide respectively perpendicular to the input / output waveguide, an isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure, a microstrip coupling-microstrip waveguide transition structure, and a 180° power splitter, and the input / output waveguide comprises an input / output port;

[0038] The input / output waveguide adopts the standard waveguide port form, which is responsible for the input and output of signals;

[0039] The 180° power divider uses isolation technology to evenly divide the energy input from the ridge waveguide into four channels;

[0040] The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide are used to provide a path for energy separated and isolated by the 180° power divider;

[0041] An isolated waveguide-microstrip transition structure 7, used to convert the waveguide structure into a microstrip line at the isolated end;

[0042] The microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure 8 is used to convert the signal from the waveguide mode to the microstrip line mode, and couple the equally divided signal to the air cavity through the waveguide microstrip transition, so that the air cavity is merged by synthesis.

[0043] The figure includes input port 1, output port 2, first isolation port 3 of the left isolation waveguide, second isolation port 4 of the left isolation waveguide, first isolation port 5 of the right isolation waveguide, and second isolation port 6 of the right isolation waveguide. The input / output waveguide is responsible for the input and output of the signal, and adopts the standard waveguide port form to ensure good compatibility with external devices. The 180° power divider divides the input energy equally. Unlike ordinary power dividers, this design uses isolation technology, similar to the magic T structure, to improve the efficiency of signal processing and isolation performance.

[0044] The isolation waveguide microstrip transition structure designs the isolation port in microstrip form and equips it with a small chip load resistor. It achieves volume reduction and better integration while maintaining the necessary isolation. Microstrip coupling to air cavity The equally divided signal is further coupled to four identical air cavities through the waveguide microstrip transition.

[0045] The microstrip coupled microstrip waveguide transition structure adopts a symmetrical layout strategy. The symmetrical layout strategy optimizes the energy distribution, solves the limitations of the single probe design, and is conducive to miniaturization and performance improvement.

[0046] Finally, the four signals coming out of the air cavity are combined again through an efficient synthesis method, which not only maintains the ability to process four signals simultaneously, but also achieves high isolation and harmonic suppression between non-adjacent channels, while ensuring the power carrying capacity of the device.

[0047] The device achieves efficient energy distribution and synthesis under broadband characteristics through ingenious design, while overcoming the problems of large volume and difficulty in miniaturization of traditional waveguide structures. It achieves comprehensive optimization of broadband, high isolation, miniaturization and power handling capability.

[0048] The device operates in a frequency band of 6-18 GHz. Within this frequency band, the device can effectively distribute and synthesize signals, meeting the needs for high-frequency signal processing in broadband communication systems.

[0049] The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide are arranged vertically with the input / output waveguides. The main function of these two isolation waveguides is to provide a path for the energy that needs to be isolated after being separated by the 180° power divider. In traditional designs, these isolation ports may require a large load to absorb unwanted signal energy. However, in this design, by adopting a waveguide microstrip transition structure, the isolation port is converted into a microstrip line form, so that a small patch load resistor can be used at each isolation port to effectively absorb unwanted signals, thereby reducing the overall volume and promoting the miniaturization of the device. In addition, such a design also helps to improve the isolation between non-working signal channels within the device, which is crucial for multi-channel signal processing systems because it reduces unnecessary signal leakage and ensures the purity and independence of each signal channel.

[0050] The isolated waveguide-microstrip transition structure combines the traditional waveguide structure with the microstrip line technology. In this specific application, the isolated port originally required a large space and load in the waveguide structure to handle the isolated signal energy. By introducing the isolated waveguide-microstrip transition structure, this part of the waveguide structure is converted into a microstrip line at the isolated end, which significantly reduces the size and allows the use of miniaturized components, such as chip load resistors, for energy absorption.

[0051] The microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure can solve the problems encountered by broadband signals in the subsequent processing process. After power division, each signal needs to enter multiple air cavities again through energy coupling for the next step. This structural design ensures that the signal can be efficiently converted from the waveguide mode to the microstrip line mode and then coupled into the air cavity without the design complexity and miniaturization limitations brought by the traditional single probe coupling.

[0052] The microstrip coupled microstrip waveguide transition structure adopts a symmetrical layout strategy, which not only optimizes the energy distribution, but also further promotes the miniaturization of the device, while maintaining the integrity of the signal and achieving good isolation effect and signal purity between multiple channels.

[0053] The device also includes shielding or isolation elements for reducing electromagnetic coupling between adjacent channels.

[0054] To further improve the performance of the device and ensure signal purity, shielding or isolation elements are used to reduce electromagnetic coupling between adjacent channels, thereby reducing signal crosstalk and improving the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the system.

[0055] The device also includes a standard ridge waveguide port element to ensure physical and electrical interface compatibility with external systems, designed to be connectable to standard dimensions.

[0056] Standard ridge waveguide components ensure physical and electrical interface compatibility with external systems and are usually designed with connectable standard sizes for easy installation and maintenance.

[0057] In a second aspect, the present application proposes a power division synthesis method based on waveguide-microstrip transition, the method comprising:

[0058] The signal energy is input into the power splitter and synthesizer through the standard ridge waveguide port, and the signal is evenly divided into two parts by a 180° power splitter.

[0059] An isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure is used at the isolation port to transform the waveguide structure into a microstrip line form, and a patch load resistor is used to absorb the isolated signal energy;

[0060] The signal after the initial equal division is coupled through the microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure, and then enters four identical air cavities;

[0061] After processing in the air cavity, the signals are recombined by synthesis methods.

[0062] First, the signal energy is input into the module through a standard ridge waveguide port. This design ensures good compatibility with external devices. Then, the signal undergoes a special 180° power splitting process, which uses an isolation design, equivalent to a magic T structure, in order to evenly divide the input energy. Compared with traditional power splitters, this design provides better isolation.

[0063] In order to solve the problem of the traditional ridge waveguide magic T structure being bulky and difficult to miniaturize, this design uses a waveguide microstrip transition structure at the isolation port. This means that the original waveguide structure is transformed into a microstrip line here, and a small patch load resistor can be used to absorb the isolated signal energy, which not only ensures isolation but also promotes miniaturization.

[0064] After the initial two-way signal is equally divided, the energy is coupled again through the waveguide microstrip transition, this time entering four identical air cavities. Considering the broadband characteristics and miniaturization requirements, the design avoids the complex layout of a single probe and adopts a symmetrical solution instead. All transition structures are symmetrically distributed around the middle ridge, which not only solves the layout problem, but also helps to miniaturize and optimize the signal path, ensuring that the signal can efficiently enter its own air cavity after being equally divided into four paths.

[0065] After processing in the air cavity, the signal is recombined through a synthesis method similar to the input stage. This design allows the synthesis of 4 signals at the same time, and can maintain good isolation of non-adjacent channels, while having a certain suppression effect on harmonics. Therefore, the module not only achieves highly integrated miniaturization, but also retains the ability to withstand higher power and excellent signal processing quality.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the present application also includes a miniaturized 4-way power splitter and synthesizer module that can withstand high power. The component is mainly composed of a microwave structure cavity and a high-frequency PCB. According to the unique characteristics of 6-18G, the energy is input from the ridge waveguide port using a ridge waveguide mode, and the energy is divided into 4 parts by an isolated 180° waveguide power splitter and enters 4 identical walls, and then 4-way synthesis output is performed in the same way. This method can achieve high-power synthesis and suppression of second harmonics.

[0067] The ridge waveguide is chosen as the energy input pathway because it can provide low-loss, high-power transmission capability over a wide frequency band, making it very suitable for high-power applications.

[0068] 180° waveguide power splitter and isolation design uses an isolated 180° waveguide power splitter, which can evenly divide a single input signal into two paths, and then achieve four equal paths through redistribution. The isolation design reduces the mutual interference between the signal branches and improves the purity of the signal, which is crucial for high-power applications.

[0069] Each branch signal is introduced into four identical microwave structure cavities. These cavities are cleverly designed to achieve efficient use of space while maintaining high-frequency performance, thus achieving miniaturization.

[0070] The module also effectively suppresses the generation of second harmonics through a carefully designed synthesis and distribution network. In the synthesis stage, the precise alignment and matching of the four signal paths not only enhances the synthesis efficiency of the main signal, but also helps to reduce nonlinear effects, which are common problems in high-power processing, especially when the signal passes through nonlinear elements, which are prone to harmonic distortion.

[0071] High-frequency PCB not only carries key circuits such as microstrip lines and matching circuits, but also serves as the physical basis for waveguide to microstrip conversion, signal distribution and synthesis networks.

[0072] Figure 4 A parameter diagram of the microwave and radio frequency circuits proposed in the embodiments of the present application is shown, showing a curve of the amplitude (Magnitude) of two S parameters changing with frequency (Frequency). The vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the amplitude of the S parameter in decibels (dB), and the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents the frequency in GHz. There are two curves in the figure: the red curve represents the S1,1 parameter, that is, the reflection coefficient of the input port. The blue curve represents the S2,2 parameter, that is, the reflection coefficient of the output port. S1,1 and S2,2 in the figure overlap, showing the reflection of the input and output ports at different frequencies. S parameters are commonly used to analyze and design microwave and radio frequency circuits, such as antennas, filters, and amplifiers. Figure 4 This indicates that the standing waves at the input and output ports are very good, very little energy is reflected, and most of the energy is transmitted from the first port to the second port.

[0073] Figure 5 The amplitude diagram of the S2,1 parameter proposed in the embodiment of the present application varying with frequency is shown, which illustrates that the loss between the two ports is very small and the energy attenuated during the transmission process is very small. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the variation of parameters such as S3,1 and S4,1 with frequency is shown. This figure is also a diagram of the variation of S parameter amplitude with frequency, indicating that almost no energy input from port 1 is thrown into the isolation port, reflecting the isolation effect of the isolation port.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of this application are:

[0075] First, it cleverly combines ridge waveguide and microstrip line technology, and achieves efficient transmission and conversion of signals within a wide frequency band through a customized waveguide-microstrip transition structure. This transition structure not only retains the low-loss characteristics of the ridge waveguide under broadband conditions, but also greatly reduces the size of the device with the help of microstrip line technology, achieving compatibility between broadband and miniaturization.

[0076] Second, the 180° power divider and specific synthesis network used in the design not only ensure equal distribution and efficient synthesis of power, but also improve the power handling limit of the device through optimized microstrip line layout and matching technology, meeting the needs of high-power applications. This design effectively avoids thermal management problems during power synthesis and improves the stability and reliability of the device.

[0077] Third, through the fine-tuned 180° power splitter design, the input signal is not only dispersed at the physical level, but also the phase relationship of the signal is optimized at the electrical level, naturally reducing the level of harmonics generated. In addition, the improved isolation technology establishes a good isolation barrier between each branch, maintaining a high level of channel-to-channel isolation even under high-power operation, reducing mutual interference and improving signal purity.

[0078] Fourth, through highly integrated design ideas, multiple functional units are compactly arranged together, such as integrated microstrip line couplers, optimized air cavity layouts, etc. These designs greatly reduce the occupied space while ensuring performance, achieving true miniaturization without sacrificing performance.

[0079] Fifth, this design also takes into account future upgrades and customization needs, and provides a relatively flexible modular structure, so that different power levels and frequency band requirements can be adapted by adjusting or adding modules in different application scenarios, enhancing the adaptability and long-term practicality of the system.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power splitter and synthesizer based on waveguide-microstrip transition, characterized in that: The power splitter and synthesizer comprises an input / output waveguide, a left isolation waveguide and a right isolation waveguide respectively perpendicular to the input / output waveguide, an isolation waveguide microstrip transition structure, a microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure and a 180° power splitter, and the input / output waveguide comprises an input / output port; The input / output waveguide adopts the standard waveguide port form, which is responsible for the input and output of signals; The 180° power divider uses isolation technology to evenly divide the energy input from the ridge waveguide into four channels; The left isolation waveguide and the right isolation waveguide are used to provide a path for energy separated and isolated by the 180° power divider; An isolated waveguide-microstrip transition structure is used to convert the waveguide structure into a microstrip line at the isolation end; The microstrip coupled microstrip waveguide transition structure is used to convert the signal from the waveguide mode to the microstrip line mode, and couple the equally divided signal to the air cavity through the waveguide microstrip transition, so that the air cavity is merged by synthesis.

2. The power splitter and combiner device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstrip coupled microstrip waveguide transition structure adopts a symmetrical layout strategy.

3. The power splitter and combiner device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating frequency band of the device is 6-18 GHz.

4. The power splitter and combiner device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure designs the isolation port in microstrip form and equips it with a small chip load resistor.

5. The power splitter and combiner device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes shielding or isolation elements for reducing electromagnetic coupling between adjacent channels.

6. The power splitter and combiner device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a standard ridge waveguide port element that ensures physical and electrical interface compatibility with external systems, designed to be connectable to standard dimensions.

7. A power division synthesis method based on waveguide-microstrip transition, characterized in that: The method comprises: The signal energy is input into the power splitter and synthesizer through the standard ridge waveguide port, and the signal is evenly divided into two parts by a 180° power splitter. An isolation waveguide-microstrip transition structure is used at the isolation port to transform the waveguide structure into a microstrip line form, and a patch load resistor is used to absorb the isolated signal energy; The signal after the initial equal division is coupled through the microstrip coupling microstrip waveguide transition structure, and then enters four identical air cavities; After processing in the air cavity, the signals are recombined by synthesis methods.

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