Substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of fault monitoring. The system comprises a transformer, an environment sensor, a demodulator, a data gateway LoRa, an upper computer and a mobile terminal. The environment sensors are deployed everywhere in the transformer substation; the demodulator is used for collecting electrical parameter signals of the transformer; data collected by the environment sensor and the regulator are uploaded to the data node and uploaded to the upper computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network. The upper computer comprises a data cleaning module, a feature extraction module, a data comparison module, an instruction generation module, a distance calculation module and a wireless communication module; and the mobile terminal is allocated to maintenance personnel. According to the invention, various data in the transformer substation are collected and uploaded to the data node, the upper computer carries out feature vector extraction on the uploaded data, and compares the extracted data with data in the fault monitoring parameter database, so that the fault identification efficiency of the transformer substation is improved, and the property loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fault monitoring, and in particular relates to a method and system for monitoring faults of substation Internet of Things nodes. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increase in the number of newly built substations and the long operation time and outdated equipment of many old substations, communication failures have frequently occurred in the substations. Such problems have not only caused trouble for dispatchers to monitor substations, but also increased the workload for substation operators and relay protection personnel.

[0003] In the current substation communication system, the substation communicates with the main station mainly through dedicated channels and network channels, and the intra-station communication mainly uses Ethernet networks for communication. Combined with daily operation and maintenance experience, the situations that lead to intra-station communication failures include "pseudo-death" of remote control measurement and control equipment, network equipment downtime, modem freeze or failure, etc. When the above intra-station communication failures occur, operators are often required to go to the station to restart and restore the equipment. However, because each communication equipment belongs to different teams for operation and maintenance, troubleshooting often involves multi-professional collaboration, making it impossible to quickly monitor the occurrence of failures, resulting in slow troubleshooting and high manpower consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method and system, by collecting various data in the substation and uploading them to the data node, the host computer extracts and identifies the uploaded data feature vectors, determines the transformer fault information and promptly notifies the nearest mobile terminal to come for maintenance, thereby solving the problems of slow fault detection speed and high cost of manpower fault monitoring in existing substations.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention is a method for monitoring faults of substation Internet of Things nodes, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Install corresponding environmental sensors at various locations in the substation according to requirements, and send the collected data to the data node;

[0008] Step S2: a demodulator is installed on the transformer, and the demodulator demodulates the electrical parameter signal generated when the transformer fails and uploads it to the data node;

[0009] Step S3: Aggregate the information data on the data nodes according to different categories to the data gateway, and upload them to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network;

[0010] Step S4: The host computer cleans the uploaded data and removes data with large errors;

[0011] Step S5: extracting feature vectors from the remaining data and comparing them with the data in the fault monitoring parameter database;

[0012] Step S6: Determine the fault transformer information, and the host computer sends a maintenance instruction to the fault transformer. After receiving the instruction, the fault transformer generates a task information;

[0013] Step S7: The faulty transformer sends task information to the mobile terminal of the nearby maintenance personnel through the data gateway, calculates and notifies the nearest mobile terminal to come for maintenance.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, in step S1, the environmental sensors include a water level sensor, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noise sensor and a gas sensor; the environmental sensors collect and send the collected data to the data node through a data collection gateway.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, in step S2, in the data node, after the IoT modem is turned on, the downlink channel is automatically scanned to complete time synchronization with the fault monitoring system, and the downlink channel is obtained from the downstream service issued by the fault monitoring system, and the mobile phone related information is sent to complete the MAC domain downstream service group action of the same downlink channel, and at the same time, an uplink channel is randomly selected as the main communication channel.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the data node includes a central node, an end node and a transition node; the fault monitoring system is the central node, the demodulator and the environmental sensor on the transformer are the end node N, and the environmental sensor is the transition node n; wireless communication is implemented between the end node N and the transition node n, and the end node N collects the monitoring parameters and environmental parameters of each transformer under the node; the transition node n implements wireless communication with the host computer and uploads the monitoring parameters to the host computer.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, in the step S3, the information data on the data node needs to be encrypted when it is aggregated to the data gateway according to different categories. The specific encryption process is as follows: after verifying the user information of the Internet of Things modem using the authorization password, traffic encryption password and password encryption password, the authorized Internet of Things modem will enter the data gateway LoRa transmission network; the Internet of Things modem sends the requested IP address, and once the MAC information is verified, the IP address is sent by the DHCP server specified by the fault monitoring system.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, in step S4, the host computer takes the average value of the uploaded data of the same type, removes the data with a large difference from the average value, and performs unified processing to achieve a unified statistical caliber. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, m=12 is the 12 indicators collected by the transformer, X n is the mean of each index, X ij represents the jth indicator data of the i-th type; F ij Represents the j-th indicator data of the i-th type after unified caliber.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, in step S5, the fault monitoring parameter database includes: monitoring parameter forms for each transformer machine, sampling frequency settings and critical value settings for each monitoring parameter of each transformer, node configuration, communication protocol and node address allocation, transformer surrounding environment parameter table, environmental parameter sampling frequency settings and critical value settings, administrator role assignment and administrator authority settings.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, in step S6, the task information generated after the fault transformer receives the instruction is expressed as h u ={d,c,t tole} represents; where d is h u The original data size, c is the size of the completed h u The number of cycles required and c = da u , a u is the complexity, t tole For task h u delay limit.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, in step S7, the link rate and receiving signal-to-noise ratio from the faulty transformer u to the mobile terminal PDA are:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, (x u ,y u ) is the location coordinate of the fault transformer u, P u is the transmit power of the demodulator, di u,R is the distance between the fault transformer u and the regulator, B u,R is the channel bandwidth, h u,R is the channel small-scale fading coefficient, h u,R It obeys Gaussian distribution CN(0,1), α is the large-scale path loss factor, and N0 is the additive Gaussian white noise power.

[0026] The present invention is a substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring system, comprising a transformer, an environmental sensor, a demodulator, a data gateway LoRa, a host computer and a mobile terminal;

[0027] The transformer is installed in the substation, and the coordinates of each transformer are determined by taking any point in the substation as the coordinate origin;

[0028] The environmental sensors are deployed at various locations in the substation; the demodulator is installed on the transformer and is used to collect electrical parameter signals of the transformer;

[0029] The data collected by the environmental sensor and the regulator are uploaded to the data node and uploaded to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network;

[0030] The host computer includes a data cleaning module, a feature extraction module, a data comparison module, an instruction generation module, a distance calculation module and a wireless communication module; the data cleaning module is used to clean the uploaded data; the feature extraction module is used to extract features from the cleaned data; the data comparison module is used to determine whether the data exceeds the critical value according to the features; the instruction generation module is used to generate a task information according to the maintenance instruction sent by the host computer; the distance calculation module is used to calculate the distance between the faulty transformer and each mobile terminal;

[0031] The mobile terminal is allocated to a maintenance person.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention collects various data in the substation and uploads them to the data node. The host computer extracts feature vectors from the uploaded data and compares them with the data in the fault monitoring parameter database, thereby improving the efficiency of substation fault identification and reducing property losses.

[0034] (2) The faulty transformer of the present invention sends task information to the mobile terminal of the nearby maintenance personnel through the data gateway, calculates and notifies the nearest mobile terminal to come for maintenance, thereby improving the maintenance efficiency of the substation and reducing property losses.

[0035] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring faults of a substation Internet of Things node of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following Figure 1-2 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a method for monitoring faults of substation Internet of Things nodes, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step S1: Install corresponding environmental sensors at various locations in the substation according to requirements, and send the collected data to the data node;

[0045] Step S2: a demodulator is installed on the transformer, and the demodulator demodulates the electrical parameter signal generated when the transformer fails and uploads it to the data node;

[0046] Step S3: Aggregate the information data on the data nodes according to different categories to the data gateway, and upload them to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network;

[0047] Step S4: The host computer cleans the uploaded data and removes data with large errors;

[0048] Step S5: extracting feature vectors from the remaining data and comparing them with the data in the fault monitoring parameter database;

[0049] Step S6: Determine the fault transformer information, and the host computer sends a maintenance instruction to the fault transformer. After receiving the instruction, the fault transformer generates a task information;

[0050] Step S7: The faulty transformer sends task information to the mobile terminal of the nearby maintenance personnel through the data gateway, calculates and notifies the nearest mobile terminal to come for maintenance.

[0051] In step S1, the environmental sensors include water level sensors, smoke sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, noise sensors and gas sensors; the environmental sensors collect and send the collected data to the data node through the data acquisition gateway, and the environmental sensors collect the internal environment of the substation and visualize it on the host computer, which is convenient for users to understand the internal environment of the substation.

[0052] In step S2, in the data node, after the IoT modem is turned on, the downlink channel is automatically scanned to complete the time synchronization with the fault monitoring system, and the downlink channel is obtained from the downstream service issued by the fault monitoring system, and the mobile phone related information is completed The MAC domain downstream service group action of the same downlink channel is completed, and an uplink channel is randomly selected as the main communication channel.

[0053] The data nodes include central nodes, end nodes and transition nodes; the fault monitoring system is the central node, the demodulator and environmental sensor on the transformer are the end node N, and the environmental sensor is the transition node n; wireless communication is implemented between the end node N and the transition node n, and the end node N collects the monitoring parameters and environmental parameters of each transformer under the node; the transition node n implements wireless communication with the host computer and uploads the monitoring parameters to the host computer.

[0054] In step S3, the information data on the data node needs to be encrypted in the process of being aggregated to the data gateway according to different categories. The specific encryption process is as follows: after verifying the user information of the IoT modem using the authorization password, traffic encryption password and password encryption password, the authorized IoT modem will enter the data gateway LoRa transmission network; the IoT modem sends the requested IP address, and once the MAC information is verified, the IP address will be sent by the DHCP server specified by the fault monitoring system. The data on the data node needs to be encrypted during the transmission process to prevent the substation data from being tampered with and improve the security level of the substation.

[0055] In step S4, the host computer takes the average value of the uploaded data of the same type, removes the data with a large difference from the average value, and performs unified processing to achieve a unified statistical caliber. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, m=12 is the 12 indicators collected by the transformer, X n is the mean of each index, X ij represents the jth indicator data of the i-th type; F ij Represents the j-th indicator data of the i-th type after unified caliber.

[0058] In step S5, the fault monitoring parameter database includes: monitoring parameter tables of each transformer machine, sampling frequency settings and critical value settings of each monitoring parameter of each transformer, node configuration, communication protocol and node address allocation, transformer surrounding environment parameter table, environmental parameter sampling frequency settings and critical value settings, administrator role assignment and administrator authority settings.

[0059] In step S6, the task information generated by the fault transformer after receiving the instruction is expressed as h u ={d,c,t tole} represents; where d is h u The original data size, c is the size of the completed h u The number of cycles required and c = da u , a u is the complexity, t tole For task h u delay limit.

[0060] In step S7, the link rate and receiving signal-to-noise ratio from the faulty transformer u to the mobile terminal PDA are:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, (x u ,y u ) is the location coordinate of the fault transformer u, P u is the transmit power of the demodulator, di u,R is the distance between the fault transformer u and the regulator, B u,R is the channel bandwidth, h u,R is the channel small-scale fading coefficient, h u,R It obeys Gaussian distribution CN(0,1), α is the large-scale path loss factor, and N0 is the additive Gaussian white noise power.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] See also Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is a substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring system, which can be used to execute the method content of embodiment 1 of the present invention, including: a transformer, an environmental sensor, a demodulator, a data gateway LoRa, a host computer and a mobile terminal;

[0065] The transformer is installed in the substation, and the coordinates of each transformer are determined with any point in the substation as the origin of the coordinates; environmental sensors are deployed in various places in the substation; the demodulator is installed on the transformer and used to collect the electrical parameter signals of the transformer; the data collected by the environmental sensor and the regulator are uploaded to the data node and uploaded to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network;

[0066] The host computer includes a data cleaning module, a feature extraction module, a data comparison module, an instruction generation module, a distance calculation module and a wireless communication module; the data cleaning module is used to clean the uploaded data; the feature extraction module is used to extract features from the cleaned data; the data comparison module is used to determine whether the data exceeds the critical value according to the features; the instruction generation module is used to generate a task information according to the maintenance instruction sent by the host computer; the distance calculation module is used to calculate the distance between the faulty transformer and each mobile terminal; the mobile terminal is allocated to the maintenance personnel.

[0067] It is worth noting that in the above system embodiment, the various units included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the corresponding program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0069] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring faults of substation Internet of Things nodes, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: Install corresponding environmental sensors at various locations in the substation according to requirements, and send the collected data to the data node; Step S2: a demodulator is installed on the transformer, and the demodulator demodulates the electrical parameter signal generated when the transformer fails and uploads it to the data node; Step S3: Aggregate the information data on the data nodes according to different categories to the data gateway, and upload them to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network; Step S4: The host computer cleans the uploaded data and removes data with large errors; Step S5: extracting feature vectors from the remaining data and comparing them with the data in the fault monitoring parameter database; Step S6: Determine the fault transformer information, and the host computer sends a maintenance instruction to the fault transformer. After receiving the instruction, the fault transformer generates a task information; Step S7; The faulty transformer sends task information to the mobile terminal of nearby maintenance personnel through the data gateway, calculates and notifies the nearest mobile terminal to come for maintenance.

2. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the environmental sensors include a water level sensor, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noise sensor and a gas sensor; the environmental sensors collect and send the collected data to the data node through a data collection gateway.

3. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, in the data node, after the IoT modem is turned on, the downlink channel is automatically scanned to complete the time synchronization with the fault monitoring system, and the downlink channel is obtained from the downstream service issued by the fault monitoring system, and the mobile phone related information is completed The MAC domain downstream service group action of the same downlink channel is completed, and an uplink channel is randomly selected as the main communication channel.

4. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data nodes include a central node, an end node and a transition node; the fault monitoring system is the central node, the demodulator and the environmental sensor on the transformer are the end node N, and the environmental sensor is the transition node n; wireless communication is implemented between the end node N and the transition node n, and the end node N collects the monitoring parameters and environmental parameters of each transformer under the node; the transition node n implements wireless communication with the host computer and uploads the monitoring parameters to the host computer.

5. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the information data on the data node needs to be encrypted in the process of being aggregated to the data gateway according to different categories. The specific encryption process is as follows: after verifying the user information of the Internet of Things modem using the authorization password, the traffic encryption password and the password encryption password, the authorized Internet of Things modem will enter the data gateway LoRa transmission network; the Internet of Things modem sends the requested IP address, and once the MAC information is verified, the IP address will be sent by the DHCP server specified by the fault monitoring system.

6. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the host computer takes the average value of the uploaded data of the same type, removes the data with a large difference from the average value, and performs unified processing to achieve a unified statistical caliber. The specific calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, m=12 is the 12 indicators collected by the transformer, X n is the mean of each index, X ij represents the jth indicator data of the i-th type; F ij Represents the j-th indicator data of the i-th type after unified caliber.

7. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the fault monitoring parameter database includes: monitoring parameter tables of each transformer machine, sampling frequency settings and critical value settings of each monitoring parameter of each transformer, node configuration, communication protocol and node address allocation, transformer surrounding environment parameter table, environmental parameter sampling frequency settings and critical value settings, administrator role assignment and administrator authority settings.

8. A method for monitoring faults of substation Internet of Things nodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the task information generated after the fault transformer receives the instruction is used as h u ={d,c,t tole } represents; where d is h u The original data size, c is the size of the completed h u The number of cycles required and c = da u , a u is the complexity, t tole For task h u delay limit.

9. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the link rate and receiving signal-to-noise ratio from the faulty transformer u to the mobile terminal PDA are: In the formula, (x u ,y u ) is the location coordinate of the fault transformer u, P u is the transmit power of the demodulator, di u,R is the distance between the fault transformer u and the regulator, B u,R is the channel bandwidth, h u,R is the channel small-scale fading coefficient, h u,R It obeys Gaussian distribution CN(0,1), α is the large-scale path loss factor, and N0 is the additive Gaussian white noise power.

10. A substation Internet of Things node fault monitoring system, comprising a transformer, an environmental sensor, a demodulator, a data gateway LoRa, a host computer and a mobile terminal; characterized in that: The transformer is installed in the substation, and the coordinates of each transformer are determined by taking any point in the substation as the coordinate origin; The environmental sensors are deployed at various locations in the substation; the demodulator is installed on the transformer and is used to collect electrical parameter signals of the transformer; The data collected by the environmental sensor and the regulator are uploaded to the data node and uploaded to the host computer through the data gateway LoRa transmission network; The host computer includes a data cleaning module, a feature extraction module, a data comparison module, an instruction generation module, a distance calculation module and a wireless communication module; the data cleaning module is used to clean the uploaded data; the feature extraction module is used to extract features from the cleaned data; the data comparison module is used to determine whether the data exceeds the critical value according to the features; the instruction generation module is used to generate a task information according to the maintenance instruction sent by the host computer; The distance calculation module is used to calculate the distance between the faulty transformer and each mobile terminal; The mobile terminal is allocated to a maintenance person.

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