Planting method for improving yield and quality of panax notoginseng through alternate irrigation

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving the yield and quality of panax notoginseng through alternate irrigation, and belongs to the technical field of panax notoginseng planting.The method comprises the steps of land selection and land leveling, ridging, seedling picking and transplanting, field and water and fertilizer management, digging and the like. The pseudo-ginseng seedlings are soaked in a mixed solution containing a bactericide, an insecticide and rooting powder, the transplanting survival rate of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings can be remarkably increased, vegetative growth is accelerated, plant individual development is achieved, and then the purposes of reducing the production cost and improving the yield and quality of the pseudo-ginseng are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation, and belongs to the technical field of Panax notoginseng planting. Background Art

[0002] Panax notoginseng Always notoginseng (Burk) FH Chen) is also known as Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng, and Panax notoginseng. It is a plant of the genus Panax, Araliaceae, and is a unique Chinese medicinal resource in Yunnan Province, China. The saponins in its root extract have the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, replenishing blood, protecting the myocardium, resisting arrhythmia, lowering blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, protecting brain tissue, improving cerebral blood circulation, protecting the liver, and enhancing immunity. At present, there are the following problems in the cultivation of Panax notoginseng: (1) The standards for the amount of fertilizer and irrigation are not clear, and the planting staff often rely on experience for irrigation and fertilization. This leads to a blind field management model, often with excessive fertilization and irrigation, resulting in a large waste of water resources and the abuse of fertilizers. In addition, excessive use of fertilizers can easily cause soil compaction, thereby hindering the effective absorption of nutrients by crops and damaging the overall soil environment; (2) Farmers use a large amount of pesticides, resulting in excessive pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng medicinal materials; (3) Dense rainfall during the rainy season causes high humidity in the air and soil, which in turn causes the growth of fungi and bacteria in the soil, leading to a high incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems and shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternating irrigation. The planting method is scientific and reasonable, and adopts 5mm / 15mm dry-wet level alternating irrigation to accurately control the moisture content in the root zone and promote the development of the root system of Panax notoginseng. According to the fertilizer requirement of Panax notoginseng in different growth periods, compound microbial fertilizer is applied in stages as needed to regulate the soil microenvironment and supply sufficient nutrition. Panax notoginseng is sheltered from rain to reduce direct contact with rainwater, control air and soil humidity, and reduce the incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot. The method can effectively promote the growth and development of Panax notoginseng, improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng, and at the same time reduce the impact of Panax notoginseng root rot, thereby achieving the purpose of improving quality and increasing yield.

[0004] The planting method of the present invention for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation is as follows: 1. Site selection and land preparation Select sandy red soil rich in organic matter with a pH value of 6.0 to 7.0 at an altitude of 1600 to 2300m, a slope of 0 to 13 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose, well-drained, and 2 to 3 times of continuous plowing at a depth of 20 to 40cm, apply 100 to 150kg of cow dung and 100 to 150kg of lime per mu, and fully crush and mix them with a deep tiller; 2. Ridging Ridge formation by conventional method; ridge length 16~17m, width 1.9~2.0m; 3. Seedling selection and transplanting Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with thick root systems, soak them in a mixture of fungicide, insecticide and rooting powder for 5 minutes, and then place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1-2 days; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 10-15 cm, lay the Panax notoginseng strips with the cut ends facing upwards in the planting holes, cover them with a 2-3 cm layer of soil, and spread 1-2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges after transplanting; the mass concentration of the fungicide in the mixture of fungicide, insecticide and rooting powder is 0.2-0.4%, the mass concentration of the insecticide is 0.1-0.2%, and the mass concentration of the rooting powder is 0.05-0.1%; 4. Field and water and fertilizer management 4.1 Water and fertilizer management Fertilization was carried out 30 days after transplanting Panax notoginseng. According to the different fertilizer requirements of Panax notoginseng at different growth stages and seasonal changes, different amounts of compound microbial fertilizer were applied to Panax notoginseng every 30 days. The irrigation method adopted was 5mm and 15mm alternating irrigation, the irrigation frequency was 7 days, and irrigation and fertilization were carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon. The mass ratio of compound microbial fertilizer is 3:3:2 for the seedling stage from March to May: the flowering stage from June to August: the fruiting stage from September to November. The fertilizer amount in the seedling stage is 21-27 kg / mu. The compound microbial fertilizer should be diluted 700-800 times with water when used. 4.2. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray diluted fungicides on the soil around the diseased plants; remove insects in time when insect pests are found, and spray insecticides on the infested areas; 4.3. Adjust the shading degree In spring, autumn and winter, the sunshade net adopts double layers, and the shade degree is controlled at 12-20%; in summer, the sunshade net adopts three layers, and the shade degree is controlled at 20-25%; The specification of the sunshade net is 10mm polyethylene sunshade net, which is opened from 10 am to 4 pm every day; 4.4. Shelter from rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; 4.5 Weeding Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; 5. Mining Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October to early November. The stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil are removed and then dried for preservation.

[0005] Advantages and technical effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention uses rooting water (a mixture containing fungicides, insecticides and rooting powder) to soak Panax notoginseng seedlings, which can significantly improve the survival rate of Panax notoginseng seedlings after transplantation, accelerate vegetative growth, and enable individual plant development; 2. The present invention adopts an alternating irrigation method, which can effectively promote the growth of the root system of Panax notoginseng, improve the nutrient absorption efficiency of Panax notoginseng, and improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng; 3. The present invention applies different amounts of composite microbial fertilizer to Panax notoginseng every 30 days according to the different fertilizer requirements of Panax notoginseng in different growth stages and seasonal changes, which can effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate of Panax notoginseng, avoid fertilizer waste, regulate the soil environment, and improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng; 4. The present invention adopts an automatically adjustable sunshade net to reasonably control the light intensity, greatly saving labor cost investment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0006] The present invention is further explained by examples below, but these examples do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used are conventional commercial reagents or reagents prepared according to conventional methods unless otherwise specified; The composite microbial fertilizer in the examples was purchased from Shandong Hanbang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Example 1: Alternating irrigation planting method to improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng 1. Site selection and land leveling: From April 2019 to April 2021, at the Key Technology Research and Demonstration Base for Water Control, Emission Reduction and Quality Improvement of Panax Notoginseng of Kunming University of Science and Technology in Wujiepu Town, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (103°57′E, 24°26′N, 1820m above sea level), the slope was 5 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose, well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam red soil with a pH value of 6.0-7.0; the sandy loam red soil was plowed continuously twice at a depth of 20-25cm, 100kg of cow dung and 100kg of lime were applied per mu, and the soil was fully crushed and mixed evenly with a deep tiller; 2. Ridge formation by conventional method, ridge length 16m and width 2.0m; 3. Seedling selection and transplanting Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with thick root systems, soak them in a mixed solution containing 0.2% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.), 0.2% acephate (Wuhan Puluofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 0.1% indoleacetic acid (Zhengzhou Jinsannong Biofertilizer Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, and then place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1 day; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 10 cm between plants, place the Panax notoginseng strips with the cut ends facing up in the planting holes, cover them with a 2-3 cm layer of soil, and spread 1-2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges after transplanting; 4. Field and water and fertilizer management 4.1 Water and fertilizer management Apply compound microbial fertilizer 30 days after transplanting Panax notoginseng. The amount of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May is 21kg / mu. The mass ratio of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May: fertilizer applied during the flowering stage from June to August: fertilizer applied during the fruiting stage from September to November is 3:3:2. The compound microbial fertilizer is diluted 700 times with water when used. Use sprinkler irrigation technology, 5mm and 15mm are irrigated alternately, and Panax notoginseng is irrigated once every 7 days. Irrigation and fertilization are carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon. 4.2. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray 0.3% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.) on the soil in the range of diseased plants; if insect pests are found, clean up the insects in time, and spray 0.2% acephate (Wuhan Profo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) on the areas with insect pests; 4.3. Adjust the shading degree In spring, autumn and winter, the sunshade net adopts double-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 15%; in summer, the sunshade net adopts three-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 20%; the sunshade net specification is 10mm polyethylene (PE) sunshade net, and the sunshade net is automatically opened from 10 am to 4 pm every day using intelligent management equipment; 4.4. Shelter from rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; 4.5 Weeding Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; Step 5: Mining Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October to early November. The stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil are removed and then dried for preservation.

[0007] Example 2: Alternating irrigation planting method to improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng 1. Site selection and land leveling: From April 2019 to April 2021, at the Key Technology Research and Demonstration Base for Water Control, Emission Reduction and Quality Improvement of Panax Notoginseng at Kunming University of Science and Technology in Wujiepu Town, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (103°57′E, 24°26′N, 1820m above sea level), the slope was 10 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose, well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam red soil with a pH value of 6.0-7.0; the sandy loam red soil was plowed continuously twice at a depth of 25 cm, 120kg of cow dung and 120kg of lime were applied per mu, and the soil was fully crushed and mixed evenly with a deep tiller; 2. Ridge formation by conventional method, ridge length 16m, width 2.0m; 3. Seedling selection and transplanting Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with thick root systems, soak them in a mixed solution containing 0.3% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.), 0.1% acephate (Wuhan Plover Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 0.05% indoleacetic acid (Zhengzhou Jinsannong Biofertilizer Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, and then place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1 day; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 15 cm, lay the Panax notoginseng strips with the cut ends facing up in the planting holes, cover them with a 2-3 cm layer of soil, and spread 1-2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges after transplanting; 4. Field and water and fertilizer management 4.1 Water and fertilizer management Apply compound microbial fertilizer 30 days after transplanting Panax notoginseng. The amount of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May is 25kg / mu. The mass ratio of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May: fertilizer applied during the flowering stage from June to August: fertilizer applied during the fruiting stage from September to November is 3:3:2. The compound microbial fertilizer is diluted 750 times with water when used. Use sprinkler irrigation technology, 5mm and 15mm are irrigated alternately, and Panax notoginseng is irrigated once every 7 days. Irrigation and fertilization are all carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon. 4.2. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray 0.3% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.) on the soil in the range of diseased plants; if insect pests are found, clean up the insects in time, and spray 0.2% acephate (Wuhan Profo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) on the areas with insect pests; 4.3. Adjust the shading degree In spring, autumn and winter, the sunshade net adopts double-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 18%; in summer, the sunshade net adopts three-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 25%; the sunshade net specification is 10mm polyethylene (PE) sunshade net, and the sunshade net is automatically opened from 10 am to 4 pm every day using intelligent management equipment; 4.4. Shelter from rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; 4.5 Weeding Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; Step 5: Mining Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October to early November. The stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil are removed and then dried for preservation.

[0008] Example 3: Alternating irrigation planting method to improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng 1. Site selection and land leveling: From April 2019 to April 2021, at the Key Technology Research and Demonstration Base for Water Control, Emission Reduction and Quality Improvement of Panax Notoginseng at Kunming University of Science and Technology in Wujiepu Town, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (103°57′E, 24°26′N, 1820m above sea level), the slope was 0 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose, well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam red soil with a pH value of 6.0-7.0; the sandy loam red soil was plowed continuously for 3 times at a depth of 30 cm, 150kg of cow dung and 120kg of lime were applied per mu, and the soil was fully crushed and mixed with a deep tiller; 2. Ridge formation by conventional method, ridge length 16m, width 2.0m; 3. Seedling selection and transplanting Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with thick root systems, soak them in a mixed solution containing 0.4% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.), 0.15% acephate (Wuhan Plover Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 0.07% indoleacetic acid (Zhengzhou Jinsannong Biofertilizer Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, and then place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1 day; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 15 cm, lay the Panax notoginseng strips with the cut ends facing up in the planting holes, cover them with a 2-3 cm layer of soil, and spread 1-2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges after transplanting; 4. Field and water and fertilizer management 4.1 Water and fertilizer management Apply compound microbial fertilizer 30 days after transplanting Panax notoginseng. The amount of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May is 27kg / mu. The mass ratio of fertilizer applied during the seedling stage from March to May: fertilizer applied during the flowering stage from June to August: fertilizer applied during the fruiting stage from September to November is 3:3:2. The compound microbial fertilizer is diluted 800 times with water when used. Use sprinkler irrigation technology, 5mm and 15mm are irrigated alternately, and Panax notoginseng is irrigated once every 7 days. Irrigation and fertilization are carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon. 4.2. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray 0.3% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.) on the soil in the range of diseased plants; if insect pests are found, clean up the insects in time, and spray 0.2% acephate (Wuhan Profo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) on the areas with insect pests; 4.3. Adjust the shading degree In spring, autumn and winter, the sunshade net adopts double-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 12%; in summer, the sunshade net adopts three-layer overlapping coverage, and the shade degree is controlled at 23%; the sunshade net specification is 10mm polyethylene (PE) sunshade net, and the sunshade net is automatically opened using intelligent management equipment from 10 am to 4 pm every day; 4.4. Shelter from rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; 4.5 Weeding Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; Step 5: Mining Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October to early November. The stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil are removed and then dried for preservation.

[0009] Example 4: Traditional planting method 1. Site selection and land leveling: From April 2019 to April 2021, at the Key Technology Research and Demonstration Base for Water Control, Emission Reduction and Quality Improvement of Panax Notoginseng at Kunming University of Science and Technology in Wujiepu Town, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province (103°57′E, 24°26′N, 1820m above sea level), the slope was 5 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose, well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam red soil with a pH value of 6.0-7.0; the sandy loam red soil was plowed continuously twice at a depth of 25 cm, 120kg of cow dung and 120kg of lime were applied per mu, and the soil was fully crushed and mixed evenly with a deep tiller; 2. Ridge formation by conventional method, ridge length 16m, width 2.0m; 3. Seedling selection and transplanting Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with strong root systems, and then place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1 day; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 15 cm between plants, place the Panax notoginseng strips flat in the planting holes with the cut ends facing upwards, cover the seeds with a 2-3 cm layer of soil, and after transplanting, spread 1-2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges; 4. Field and water and fertilizer management 4.1 Water and fertilizer management Fertilize Panax notoginseng 30 days after transplanting (trace element water-soluble fertilizer, Hebei Ningao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), the fertilizer amount during the growth period of the whole year is 30kg / mu, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted 800 times with water when used; use sprinkler irrigation technology, 20mm irrigation level irrigation, irrigate Panax notoginseng once every 7 days, and irrigation and fertilization are carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon; 4.2. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray 0.3% Qingkulike (Weifang Aofeng Crop Disease Control Co., Ltd.) on the soil in the area of ​​diseased plants; if insect pests are found, remove them in time, and spray 0.4% cyfluthrin (Henan Yongguan Qiaodi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) on the areas with insect pests; 4.3. Adjust the shading degree The sunshade net is double-layered and covered throughout the year, with a shade degree of 15%; the sunshade net specification is 10mm polyethylene (PE) sunshade net; 4.4. Shelter from rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; 4.5 Weeding Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; Step 5: Mining Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October to early November. The stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil are removed and then dried for preservation.

[0010] During 2019 to 2020, Panax notoginseng was planted according to the cultivation methods of Examples 1 to 3, and the traditional method was used as a control. The incidence rate, yield and quality (total saponin content) of Panax notoginseng planted in Examples 1 to 3 and the control were statistically analyzed. The statistical results are shown in Table 1: Table 1:

[0011] It can be seen from Table 1 that the alternating irrigation planting method adopted in the present invention for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng is reduced, and compared with the conventional method, the yield and quality (total saponin content) of Panax notoginseng are improved, and the economic efficiency is significantly improved.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Select sandy red soil with an altitude of 1600-2300m, a slope of 0-13 degrees, sunny, well-ventilated, loose soil, good drainage, rich in organic matter, and a pH value of 6.0-7.0; plough the sandy red soil continuously 2-3 times at a depth of 20-40cm, apply 100-150kg of cow dung and 100-150kg of lime per mu, and use a deep tiller to fully crush and mix; (2) Ridge forming (3) Select one-year-old Panax notoginseng strips with strong root systems, soak them in a mixture of fungicide, insecticide and rooting powder for 5 minutes, and place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for 1 to 2 days; in December, dig planting holes with a spacing of 10 to 15 cm between plants, place the Panax notoginseng strips flat in the planting holes with the cut ends facing upwards, cover them with a 2 to 3 cm layer of soil, and spread 1 to 2 cm thick pine needles on the ridges after transplanting; (4) Field and water and fertilizer management a. Water and fertilizer management Fertilization was carried out 30 days after transplanting Panax notoginseng. According to the different fertilizer requirements of Panax notoginseng at different growth stages and seasonal changes, different amounts of compound microbial fertilizer were applied to Panax notoginseng every 30 days. The irrigation method adopted was 5mm and 15mm alternating irrigation, the irrigation frequency was 7 days, and irrigation and fertilization were carried out after 17:00 in the afternoon. b. Disease and pest control Observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in Panax notoginseng every day, pull out diseased plants in time, and spray diluted fungicides on the soil around the diseased plants; remove insects in time when insect pests are found, and spray insecticides on the infested areas; c. Adjust the shade In spring, autumn and winter, the sunshade net is double-layered, with a shading degree of 12-20%; in summer, the sunshade net is triple-layered, with a shading degree of 20-25%; d. Take shelter from the rain Adopt rain shelter cultivation during the entire growth period; e. Weeding: Do not use chemical herbicides, manually pull out weeds in the field, collect and treat weeds in a unified manner, and do not pile weeds on the ridge surface or in the furrows; (5) Panax notoginseng is harvested after it is full-year old, when the stems turn from green to yellow in late October or early November. Remove the stems, leaves, fibrous roots and soil, and dry them in the sun for storage.

2. The planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of compound microbial fertilizer for seedling stage from March to May: fertilizer for flowering stage from June to August: fertilizer for fruiting stage from September to November is 3:3:

2. The fertilizer amount for seedling stage is 21-27 kg / mu. The compound microbial fertilizer should be diluted 700-800 times with water when used.

3. The planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the sunshade net is 10mm polyethylene sunshade net, and the sunshade net is opened from 10 am to 4 pm every day.

4. The planting method for improving the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng by alternate irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mixed solution containing fungicide, insecticide and rooting powder, the mass concentration of fungicide is 0.2-0.4%, the mass concentration of insecticide is 0.1-0.2%, and the mass concentration of rooting powder is 0.05-0.1%.

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