High-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and technological process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil residue hydrogenation, and particularly relates to high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and a technological process. According to the high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and the technological process, a first high-pressure separator comprises a barrel, a feeding pipe, a liquid phase outflow pipe and a gas phase outflow pipe; the feeding pipe, the liquid phase outflow pipe and the gas phase outflow pipe are all communicated with the cylinder body, and a liquid level bridge opening, a blade separation element, a flow stabilizing plate and a liquid level pipe are arranged in the cylinder body; a dredging mechanism is arranged on the barrel body; the dredging mechanism comprises a tubular channel and a dredging air cylinder which are arranged on the barrel body, a piston rod of the dredging air cylinder is arranged in the tubular channel, a hemispherical pushing block is arranged at the tail end of the piston rod of the dredging air cylinder, and the liquid phase outflow pipe is communicated with an external pipe. The high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and the process flow have the effects of automatically removing polycondensates and improving the stability of the process flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of residual oil hydrogenation, and in particular relates to a high-stability residual oil hydrogenation device and a process flow. Background Art

[0002] The heavy and inferior quality of crude oil in the world is becoming increasingly serious, while the market demand for light oil products continues to grow. Therefore, heavy oil hydrogenation, as an effective means of heavy oil upgrading and lightening, has become one of the development focuses of the oil refining industry. At present, the most commonly used heavy oil hydrogenation technologies in industry include fixed bed technology and ebullating bed technology. Among them, the ebullating bed hydrogenation technology can add and remove catalysts online, so it can process heavy and inferior raw materials with high metal content and high residual carbon value, and the catalyst performance can be kept constant throughout the operation cycle. In addition, the ebullating bed hydrogenation technology also has the advantages of easy and uniform reactor temperature, low and constant pressure drop, and can achieve higher conversion rate and longer operation cycle. However, the ebullating bed hydrogenation technology also has obvious disadvantages, which are prominently reflected in its low catalytic reaction efficiency and poor product quality.

[0003] The research results of fixed bed residue oil hydrogenation show that the more reasonable reaction process of residue oil hydrogenation is to first convert the colloid and asphaltene molecules appropriately (including saturation, ring opening and hydrogenolysis, etc.), then mainly carry out hydrogenation demetallization reaction, and then carry out hydrogenation desulfurization and hydrogenation denitrogenation reaction. In these reaction processes, the heavy and residue oil molecules gradually become smaller, and the required optimal catalyst pore size also gradually becomes smaller. Therefore, the catalyst grading principle of the existing fixed bed residue oil hydrogenation process is as follows: along the logistics direction, the catalyst particle size is from large to small, the pore size is from large to small, the porosity is from large to small, and the activity is from low to high. The existing ebullating bed residue oil hydrogenation process generally also draws on the grading idea of ​​the fixed bed residue oil hydrogenation catalyst. In the ebullating bed hydrogenation process, since the materials in the reactor are in a three-phase back-mixing state, only one ebullating bed hydrogenation catalyst is generally used in a single reactor, and it is difficult to achieve the grading of a multifunctional catalyst in a single reactor. The technology of different catalyst gradations in the existing ebullated bed is generally achieved through multi-stage reactors, among which the most typical is the two-stage ebullated bed hydrogenation technology, high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow: the first-stage ebullated bed mainly realizes the function of hydrogenation demetallization, and the second-stage ebullated bed mainly realizes the function of hydrogenation desulfurization.

[0004] The existing US patent with the announcement number US4212729A discloses a two-stage heavy oil boiling bed hydroprocessing method, wherein the first reaction zone adopts a macroporous hydrodemetallization catalyst, the active component of which is a high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow of Group VIB and / or Group VIII metal elements; the second reaction zone adopts a hydrodesulfurization catalyst, the active component of which is a high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow of Group VIII metal elements, and the pore volume of which is 0.5 high-stability residual oil Hydrogenation equipment and process flow ~ High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 0.9ml / g, the specific surface area is High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 150 High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow ~ High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 300m High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 2 High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow / g, the main pore volume distribution is High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 8 High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow ~ High stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow 13nm.

[0005] Compared with the fixed bed residue oil hydrogenation process, the catalyst concentration of the ebullating bed residue oil hydrogenation process is lower, but its reaction temperature is higher. These two characteristics indicate that the thermal cracking reaction accounts for a higher proportion in the ebullating bed reactor, and the typical feature of the thermal cracking reaction is that the light and heavy raw materials are carried out simultaneously. A part of the raw materials are cracked into light gasoline and diesel, while a part of the high stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow may undergo dehydrogenation polycondensation reaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, asphaltene and colloidal macromolecules to generate heavier macromolecules. In severe cases, these polycondensates will precipitate in the form of sludge and gradually block the device, and even cause the device to stop working. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow to solve the technical problem that asphaltene and colloid macromolecules may undergo dehydrogenation condensation reactions to generate heavier macromolecules. In severe cases, these condensation products will precipitate in the form of sludge and gradually block the device, and even cause the device to shut down, so as to achieve the purpose of automatically removing condensation products and improving the stability of the process flow.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment, the residual oil hydroprocessing equipment comprises a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone, a hydrodemetallization reaction zone, a first high-pressure separator, a second high-pressure separator and a fractionation system, wherein the residual oil feedstock, the effluent generated by the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone and the first hydrogen stream are injected into the hydrodemetallization reaction zone for reaction, the effluent generated by the hydrodemetallization reaction zone is injected into the first high-pressure separator for separation, part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator and the second hydrogen stream are injected into the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone for reaction, the gaseous effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator is injected into the second high-pressure separator for separation, and the liquid effluent separated by the second high-pressure separator and another part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator are injected into the fractionation system for fractionation; The first high-pressure separator comprises a cylinder, a feeding pipe, a liquid outflow pipe and a gas outflow pipe, wherein the feeding pipe, the liquid outflow pipe and the gas outflow pipe are all connected to the cylinder, and a liquid level port, a blade separation element, a flow stabilizing plate and a liquid level pipe are arranged in the cylinder; The cylinder is provided with a dredging mechanism; The dredging mechanism comprises a tubular channel and a dredging cylinder provided on the cylinder body, the piston rod of the dredging cylinder is provided in the tubular channel, a hemispherical push block is provided at the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder, the liquid phase outflow pipe is connected with an external pipe, the hemispherical push block is provided in the external pipe of the liquid phase outflow pipe, the external pipe is provided at the bend of the liquid phase outflow pipe, and the pipes at the external pipe and the pipe mouth of the liquid phase outflow pipe are L-shaped, and the diameter of the hemispherical push block is the same as the inner diameter of the liquid phase outflow pipe; The hemispherical push block is provided with a silt breaking component on the outward side; The piston rod is provided with a sealing mechanism to seal the piston rod and the tubular channel.

[0008] Furthermore, a pressurized anti-blocking member is provided on the side of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder close to the cylinder; The pressurized anti-blocking member includes a cross bar arranged on the side of the piston rod and a vertical bar arranged on the cross bar, the vertical bar is parallel to the piston rod of the dredging cylinder, the end of the vertical bar abuts against the liquid outflow pipe, a groove is arranged at the abutment between the liquid outflow pipe and the vertical bar, and an elastic sealing layer is arranged at the groove of the liquid outflow pipe to seal the liquid outflow pipe; When the piston rod of the dredging cylinder is extended to the farthest point, the vertical rod abuts against and pushes the elastic sealing layer, and the pushing distance is 1 / 5-1 / 6 of the diameter of the liquid outflow pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the silt-breaking assembly includes a main protrusion arranged on the outward side of the hemispherical push block and a secondary silt-breaking protrusion arranged in the circumference of the protrusion; The main protrusion is arranged at the center of the hemispherical pushing block, and the secondary silt-breaking protrusion is arranged in a ring shape around the main protrusion.

[0010] Furthermore, a wear-resistant layer is provided at the end of the main protrusion.

[0011] Furthermore, the sealing mechanism includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring arranged on the piston rod, the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are both sleeved on the piston rod, the outer sides of the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring abut against the tubular channel, and a plurality of annular fold protrusions are arranged between the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring, and the annular fold protrusions abut against the tubular channel.

[0012] Furthermore, a gas phase clearing rod is extended from the side of the piston rod, and the gas phase clearing rod is L-shaped and inserted into the gas phase outflow pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, an elastic dredging ring abutting against the gas phase outflow pipe is arranged circumferentially of the gas phase dredging rod.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of elastic protrusions are arranged on the outer side of the elastic dredging ring.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for hydrogenating high-stability residual oil, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Control the piston rod of the dredging cylinder to extend, and the hemispherical push block at the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder extends forward, passes through the external pipe, and extends into the liquid phase outflow pipe to push the polycondensate accumulated in the liquid phase outflow pipe; Step 2: The piston rod of the dredging cylinder is continuously extended to the maximum extent, the vertical rod on the piston rod abuts against and pushes the four layers of the elastic seal, and the elastic seal layer is concave inward; Step 3: The piston rod of the dredging cylinder is retracted, and the gas phase dredging rod is controlled to extend into the gas phase outflow pipe, thereby dredging the gas phase outflow pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The hemispherical pushing block at the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder extends forward through the piston rod of the dredging cylinder, passes through the external tube, and extends into the liquid outflow pipe to push the condensation product accumulated in the liquid outflow pipe, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the liquid outflow pipe.

[0017] 2. The vertical rod on the piston rod abuts against and pushes the elastic sealing layer. The driving force of the vertical rod can compress the space in the liquid outflow tube, and the condensation polymer below the elastic sealing layer can be squeezed, thereby being pushed out by the subsequent liquid. The condensation polymer on both sides below the elastic sealing layer can be pushed a short distance by the liquid pushed and squeezed by the vertical rod, and the moved condensation polymer can move, thereby pushing the condensation polymer out of the liquid outflow tube.

[0018] 3. The gas phase unclogging rod on the piston rod of the unclogging cylinder extends into the gas phase outflow pipe, thereby unclogging the gas phase outflow pipe, thereby unclogging two outflow pipes through one cylinder.

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first high-pressure separator of the high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a side view of the high-stability residual oil hydrogenation equipment and process flow of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. First high-pressure separator; 11. Feeding pipe; 12. Liquid phase outflow pipe; 121. Grooving; 122. Elastic sealing layer; 13. Gas phase outflow pipe; 2. Cylinder; 21. Liquid level outlet; 22. Blade separation element; 23. Flow stabilizer; 24. Liquid level tube; 3. dredging mechanism; 31. tubular channel; 32. dredging cylinder; 33. gas phase dredging rod; 331. elastic dredging ring; 332. elastic protrusion; 4. Hemispherical push block; 5. External pipe; 6. silt-breaking component; 61. main protrusion; 611. wear-resistant layer; 62. secondary silt-breaking protrusion; 7. Sealing mechanism; 71. First sealing ring; 72. Second sealing ring; 73. Annular fold protrusion; 8. Pressurized anti-blocking parts; 81. Horizontal rod; 82. Vertical rod; 9. Second high pressure separator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment, the residue oil hydrogenation processing equipment includes a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone, a hydrodemetallization reaction zone, a first high-pressure separator 1, a second high-pressure separator 9 and a fractionation system, wherein the residue oil raw material, the effluent generated by the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone and the first hydrogen stream are injected into the hydrodemetallization reaction zone for reaction, the effluent generated by the hydrodemetallization reaction zone is injected into the first high-pressure separator 1 for separation, part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator 1 and the second hydrogen stream are injected into the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone for reaction, the gaseous effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator 1 is injected into the second high-pressure separator 9 for separation, and the liquid effluent separated by the second high-pressure separator 9 and another part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator 1 are injected into the fractionation system for fractionation.

[0025] The first high-pressure separator 1 includes a cylinder 2, a feeding pipe 11, a liquid phase outflow pipe 12 and a gas phase outflow pipe 13, the feeding pipe 11, the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 and the gas phase outflow pipe 13 are all connected to the cylinder 2, and a liquid level port 21, a blade separation element 22, a flow stabilizer 23 and a liquid level pipe 24 are arranged in the cylinder 2. The staff feeds the cylinder 2 through the feeding pipe 11, separates the liquid and the gas through the blade separation element 22, stabilizes the fluid through the flow stabilizer 23, measures the height of the liquid through the liquid level pipe 24, discharges the liquid through the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, and discharges the gas through the gas phase outflow pipe 13.

[0026] Among them, a dredging mechanism 3 is provided on the cylinder 2 , and the dredging mechanism 3 automatically dredges the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 and the gas phase outflow pipe 13 , thereby improving the separation stability of the first high-pressure separator 1 .

[0027] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the dredging mechanism 3 includes a tubular channel 31 and a dredging cylinder 32 provided on the cylinder body 2, the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32 is provided in the tubular channel 31, and a hemispherical pushing block 4 is provided at the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32. The liquid phase outflow pipe 12 is connected with an external pipe 5, and the hemispherical pushing block 4 is provided in the external pipe 5 of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12. The external pipe 5 is provided at the bending part of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 and the pipes at the external pipe 5 and the pipe mouth of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 are L-shaped. The diameter of the hemispherical pushing block 4 is the same as the inner diameter of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12. By extending the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32, the hemispherical pushing block 4 is pushed from the external pipe 5 into the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, thereby dredging the liquid phase outflow pipe 12.

[0028] In order to make better use of the dredging cylinder 32, a gas phase dredging rod 33 is extended from the side of the piston rod, and the gas phase dredging rod 33 is L-shaped and inserted into the gas phase outflow pipe 13. The gas phase dredging rod 33 is provided with an elastic dredging ring 331 abutting against the gas phase outflow pipe 13 in the circumferential direction. A plurality of elastic protrusions 332 are provided on the outer side of the elastic dredging ring 331. Through a dredging cylinder 32, the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 and the gas phase outflow pipe 13 can be dredged, thereby achieving linkage.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a silt-breaking assembly 6 is provided on the outward side of the hemispherical push block 4; the silt-breaking assembly 6 includes a main protrusion 61 provided on the outward side of the hemispherical push block 4 and a secondary silt-breaking protrusion 62 provided in the circumference of the protrusion; the main protrusion 61 is provided at the center of the hemispherical push block 4, and the secondary silt-breaking protrusion 62 is provided in a ring shape in the circumference of the main protrusion 61. In this embodiment, a wear-resistant layer 611 is provided at the end of the main protrusion 61. The main protrusion 61 impacts and pushes the polycondensate, and the secondary silt-breaking protrusion 62 removes the polycondensate adhering to the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 for a second time, which can not only discharge the blocked polycondensate, but also discharge the polycondensate adhering to the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, thereby improving the efficiency and cleanliness of dredging.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a sealing mechanism 7 is provided on the piston rod to seal the piston rod and the tubular channel 31. The sealing mechanism 7 includes a first sealing ring 71 and a second sealing ring 72 provided on the piston rod. The first sealing ring 71 and the second sealing ring 72 are both sleeved on the piston rod. The outer sides of the first sealing ring 71 and the second sealing ring 72 abut against the tubular channel 31. A plurality of annular fold protrusions 73 are provided between the first sealing ring 71 and the second sealing ring 72. The annular fold protrusions 73 abut against the tubular channel 31. The sealing between the piston rod and the tubular channel 31 is improved multiple times through multiple sealing rings. The annular fold protrusions 73 abut against the tubular channel 31 again improve the sealing between the piston rod and the tubular channel 31.

[0031] like Figures 2 to 3As shown, a pressurized anti-blocking member 8 is provided on the side of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32 near the cylinder; the pressurized anti-blocking member 8 includes a cross bar 81 provided on the side of the piston rod and a vertical bar 82 provided on the cross bar 81, the vertical bar 82 is parallel to the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32, the end of the vertical bar 82 abuts against the liquid outflow pipe 12, a groove 121 is provided at the abutment between the liquid outflow pipe 12 and the vertical bar 82, and an elastic sealing layer 122 is provided at the groove 121 of the liquid outflow pipe 12 to seal the liquid outflow pipe 12; when the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32 is extended to the farthest point, the vertical bar 82 abuts against and pushes the elastic sealing layer 122, and the pushing distance is 1 / 5-1 / 6 of the diameter of the liquid outflow pipe 12. The space in the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 can be compressed by the driving force of the vertical rod 82, and the polycondensate located below the elastic sealing layer 122 can be squeezed. The diameter of the polycondensate after squeezing is smaller than the diameter of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, so that it can be pushed out by the subsequent liquid. The polycondensate on both sides below the elastic sealing layer 122 can be pushed a short distance by the liquid pushed and squeezed by the vertical rod 82. The polycondensate after being pushed is not easy to get stuck in the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, and can also move freely, so that the polycondensate is pushed out of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12 by the thrust of the subsequent liquid.

[0032] Embodiment 2: A process flow for high-stability residue oil hydrogenation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Control the piston rod of the unblocking cylinder 32 to extend, and the hemispherical pushing block 4 at the end of the piston rod of the unblocking cylinder 32 extends forward, passes through the external pipe 5, and extends into the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, thereby pushing the polycondensate accumulated in the liquid phase outflow pipe 12; Step 2: The piston rod of the unblocking cylinder 32 continues to extend and extends to the maximum amount, and the vertical rod 82 on the piston rod abuts and pushes the elastic seal 4 layer, and the elastic seal layer 122 is recessed inward; Step 3: The piston rod of the unblocking cylinder 32 is recovered, and the gas phase unblocking rod 33 is controlled to extend into the gas phase outflow pipe 13, thereby unblocking the gas phase outflow pipe 13.

[0033] In summary: the hemispherical push block 4 extending from the piston rod end of the dredging cylinder 32 through the piston rod of the dredging cylinder extends forward, passes through the external pipe 5, and extends into the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, pushing the polycondensate accumulated in the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the liquid phase outflow pipe 12. The vertical rod 82 on the piston rod abuts and pushes the elastic sealing layer 122, and the driving force of the vertical rod 82 can compress the space in the liquid phase outflow pipe 12, and the polycondensate located below the elastic sealing layer 122 can be squeezed, so that it can be pushed out by the subsequent liquid, and the polycondensate on both sides below the elastic sealing layer 122 can be pushed by the liquid pushed and squeezed by the vertical rod 82 for a short distance, and the polycondensate after moving can move, so that the polycondensate is pushed out of the liquid phase outflow pipe 12. The gas phase dredging rod 33 on the piston rod of the dredging cylinder 32 extends into the gas phase outflow pipe 13, thereby dredging the gas phase outflow pipe 13, thereby achieving dredging of two outflow pipes through one cylinder.

[0034] The various devices selected in this application are all universal standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-stability residue oil hydroprocessing equipment, the residue oil hydroprocessing equipment comprising a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone, a hydrodemetallization reaction zone, a first high-pressure separator (1), a second high-pressure separator (9) and a fractionation system, wherein: Injecting the residual oil feedstock, the effluent generated by the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone and the first hydrogen stream into the hydrodemetallization reaction zone for reaction, injecting the effluent generated by the hydrodemetallization reaction zone into a first high-pressure separator (1) for separation, injecting part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator (1) and the second hydrogen stream into the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone for reaction, injecting the gaseous effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator (1) into a second high-pressure separator (9) for separation, and injecting the liquid effluent separated by the second high-pressure separator (9) and another part of the liquid effluent separated by the first high-pressure separator (1) into the fractionation system for fractionation; The first high-pressure separator (1) comprises a cylinder (2), a feeding pipe (11), a liquid phase outflow pipe (12) and a gas phase outflow pipe (13); the feeding pipe (11), the liquid phase outflow pipe (12) and the gas phase outflow pipe (13) are all connected to the cylinder (2); a liquid level port (21), a blade separation element (22), a flow stabilizing plate (23) and a liquid level pipe (24) are arranged in the cylinder (2); The cylinder (2) is provided with a dredging mechanism (3); The dredging mechanism (3) comprises a tubular channel (31) and a dredging cylinder (32) arranged on the cylinder body (2); the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) is arranged in the tubular channel (31); the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) is provided with a hemispherical push block (4); the liquid phase outflow pipe (12) is connected to an external pipe (5); the hemispherical push block (4) is arranged in the external pipe (5) of the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); the external pipe (5) is arranged at the bending part of the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); and the pipes at the pipe openings of the external pipe (5) and the liquid phase outflow pipe (12) are L-shaped; the diameter of the hemispherical push block (4) is the same as the inner diameter of the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); The hemispherical pushing block (4) is provided with a silt breaking component (6) on the outward side; The piston rod is provided with a sealing mechanism (7) to seal the piston rod and the tubular channel (31).

2. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A pressurized anti-blocking member (8) is provided on the side of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) close to the cylinder; The pressurized anti-blocking member (8) comprises a cross bar (81) arranged on the side of the piston rod and a vertical bar (82) arranged on the cross bar (81); the vertical bar (82) is parallel to the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32); the end of the vertical bar (82) abuts against the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); a groove (121) is provided at the abutment point between the liquid phase outflow pipe (12) and the vertical bar (82); and an elastic sealing layer (122) is provided at the groove (121) of the liquid phase outflow pipe (12) to seal the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); When the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) is extended to the farthest point, the vertical rod (82) abuts against and pushes the elastic sealing layer (122), and the pushing distance is 1 / 5-1 / 6 of the diameter of the liquid outflow pipe (12).

3. A high stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The silt-breaking component (6) comprises a main protrusion (61) arranged on the outward side of the hemispherical pushing block (4) and a secondary silt-breaking protrusion (62) arranged in the circumference of the protrusion; The main protrusion (61) is arranged at the center of the hemispherical pushing block (4), and the secondary silt-breaking protrusion (62) is arranged in a ring shape in the circumferential direction of the main protrusion (61).

4. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A wear-resistant layer (611) is provided at the end of the main protrusion (61).

5. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The sealing mechanism (7) comprises a first sealing ring (71) and a second sealing ring (72) arranged on the piston rod, the first sealing ring (71) and the second sealing ring (72) are both sleeved on the piston rod, the outer sides of the first sealing ring (71) and the second sealing ring (72) abut against the tubular channel (31), and a plurality of annular fold protrusions (73) are arranged between the first sealing ring (71) and the second sealing ring (72), and the annular fold protrusions (73) abut against the tubular channel (31).

6. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A gas phase clearing rod (33) extends from the side of the piston rod. The gas phase clearing rod (33) is L-shaped and inserted into the gas phase outflow pipe (13).

7. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: An elastic dredging ring (331) is provided in the circumferential direction of the gas phase dredging rod (33) and abuts against the gas phase outflow pipe (13).

8. A high-stability residue oil hydrogenation equipment as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of elastic protrusions (332) are arranged on the outer side of the elastic dredging ring (331).

9. A process flow for hydrogenation of high-stability residual oil, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Control the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) to extend, so that the hemispherical push block (4) at the end of the piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) extends forward, passes through the external pipe (5), and extends into the liquid phase outflow pipe (12), thereby pushing the polycondensate accumulated in the liquid phase outflow pipe (12); Step 2: The piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) is continuously extended to the maximum extent, and the vertical rod (82) on the piston rod abuts against and pushes the elastic sealing layer (122), so that the elastic sealing layer (122) is recessed inwards; Step 3: The piston rod of the dredging cylinder (32) is recovered, and the gas phase dredging rod (33) is controlled to extend into the gas phase outflow pipe (13), thereby dredging the gas phase outflow pipe (13).

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