Recovery method for protecting useful rocks on upper and lower walls

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and discloses a stoping method for protecting useful rocks on upper and lower panels, which comprises the following steps: S1, dividing an ore body into panels according to the form of the ore body, and organizing production by taking the panels as stoping units; s2, stopes are divided in the delimited panels; s3, mining preparation cutting is carried out on the divided stopes; s4, stoping the stopes in sequence in a deep hole drilling and blasting mode; s5, the stoped ore is shoveled out through a carry-scraper; and S6, filling the stope goaf after stoping is finished. According to the method, the safety of mining operation is guaranteed, and a firm and reliable engineering foundation is laid for subsequent development of useful surrounding rocks of upper and lower walls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a recovery method for protecting useful rocks of upper and lower plates. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for mineral resources, in order to meet the urgent needs of social development, mining must be scaled up and efficient. In this context, the open-end subsequent filling method has become the most popular mining method in the current field of thick and large ore body mining due to its remarkable advantages such as excellent production capacity, high efficiency and low impact on the surface environment.

[0003] The design of stope parameters of the void filling method fully considers the stability of the ore body and generally adopts a layout method perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. The core idea of ​​these methods is to finely divide the thick ore body into multiple panels along its direction, and then subdivide each panel into 4 to 7 stopes vertically to achieve simultaneous mining of multiple stopes. The goaf formed after mining is filled with cementing materials and tailings alternately, so as to effectively control the displacement of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks.

[0004] However, although this method can effectively control the displacement of surrounding rock in most cases, due to the insufficient filling strength of the stope filled with tailings, it may still cause the surrounding rock in a small area of ​​the upper and lower plates to collapse and fall, thereby destroying its integrity. This problem mainly stems from defects in process technology and engineering layout, and the current public technology has not yet completely solved the problem that the empty stope subsequent filling method cannot fully protect the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates.

[0005] In the current public publications, no mining method has been found that can effectively protect the useful rocks in the upper and lower walls.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mining method for protecting useful rock in the upper and lower plates to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining method for protecting useful rock in upper and lower walls, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a mining method for protecting useful rock in upper and lower walls, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Divide the ore body into panels according to its shape, and organize production with the panels as the mining units;

[0010] S2. Divide the stope area within the designated panel area;

[0011] S3, performing accurate cutting on the divided stope;

[0012] S4, recovering the stope by using deep hole rock drilling and blasting;

[0013] S5. Shovel out the recovered ore by means of a scraper;

[0014] S6. After the mining is completed, the empty areas in the mining area are filled.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the self-stable size of the ore body is analyzed according to the occurrence state of the ore rock, and the panel area is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the length of the panel area is 80m-100m.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of inter-disk columns are axially arranged in the disk area, the mining area is located between two adjacent inter-disk columns, and the thickness of the inter-disk columns is 18 m.

[0017] Preferably, when the thickness of the ore body is greater than 30 m, the stope is divided into an upper stope, a lower stope and an intermediate stope.

[0018] Preferably,

[0019] For the upper wall stope: a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled and blasted downward for mining;

[0020] For the footwall stope: a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled downward for blasting and recovery;

[0021] For the intermediate stope: a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled downward for blasting and recovery.

[0022] Preferably, the upper plate mining area and the lower plate mining area are operated simultaneously.

[0023] Preferably, after the operations of the upper plate mining area and the lower plate mining area are completed, high-strength cementing filling is carried out, and after the filling is completed, the intermediate mining area is operated.

[0024] Preferably, after the mining of the intermediate stope is completed, high-strength cemented filling is first used at the bottom, then non-cemented filling is used, and finally high-strength cemented filling is used until the top of the intermediate stope.

[0025] Preferably, the strength of the high-strength filling bodies in the upper plate stope, the lower plate stope and the middle stope is not less than 2 MPa.

[0026] Preferably, the height of the high-strength filling body in the intermediate stope is higher than the filling retaining wall blocking the tunnel, and the height is not less than 4m, and the strength of the non-cemented filling body in the intermediate stope is not less than 0.5MPa.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a mining method for protecting useful rock in the upper and lower plates. The adjustment of the mining structure significantly enhances the filling strength of the goaf area near the upper and lower plates, effectively controls the displacement of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates, and solves the thorny problems of surrounding rock deformation and cross-over caused by uneven filling strength of the goaf area near the upper and lower plates due to process defects in previous mining methods. The present invention ensures the safety of mining operations and lays a solid and reliable engineering foundation for the subsequent development of useful surrounding rock in the upper and lower plates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stope structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent stopes of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the stope of the present invention

[0033] Figure 4 The side view schematic diagram of the stope of the present invention is

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the top view of the stope of the present invention

[0035] Among them, 1. Inter-plate column; 2. Upper plate mining area; 3. Lower plate mining area; 4. Intermediate mining area; 5. Lower plate stage transportation tunnel; 6. Upper plate stage transportation tunnel; 7. Vein connecting tunnel; 8. Bottom trench tunnel; 9. Mine exit connecting tunnel; 10. Mine exit access road; 11. Upper rock drilling tunnel; 12. Point column; 13. Temporary time column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Reference Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a mining method for protecting useful rock in upper and lower walls, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Divide the ore body into panels according to its shape, and organize production with the panels as the mining units;

[0040] S2. Divide the stope area within the designated panel area;

[0041] S3, performing accurate cutting on the divided stope;

[0042] S4, recovering the stope by using deep hole rock drilling and blasting;

[0043] S5. Shovel out the recovered ore by means of a scraper;

[0044] S6. After the mining is completed, the empty areas in the mining area are filled.

[0045] To further optimize the solution, in step S1, the self-stable size is analyzed according to the occurrence status of the ore body and rock, and the panel area is arranged along the strike, with a length of 80m-100m.

[0046] According to the shape of the ore body, the ore body is divided into pan areas, and production is organized with the pan areas as mining units. The pan areas are arranged along the strike of the ore body.

[0047] To further optimize the solution, several inter-panel columns 1 are set axially in the panel area, and the mining area is located between two adjacent inter-panel columns 1. The thickness of the inter-panel columns 1 is 18m.

[0048] An 18m thick inter-panel column 1 is arranged in the center of the panel perpendicular to the ore body, and the mining area is located between two adjacent inter-panel columns 1.

[0049] To further optimize the plan, when the ore body thickness is greater than 30m, the mining area will be divided into upper mining area 2, lower mining area 3 and middle mining area 4.

[0050] When the thickness of the ore body is less than 30m, this solution is not economical, so the thickness of the ore body in this patent must be greater than 30m.

[0051] When the thickness of the ore body is greater than 30m, it is divided into upper plate mining area 2, lower plate mining area 3 and middle mining area 4. The mining area width is 10m-30m, the length is 80m-100m, and the mining area height is 40m-60.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the stope is the mining level, and the top is the rock drilling level, and the top rock drilling level is also the mining level of the previous mining stage.

[0053] The lower wall stage transportation tunnel 5 is arranged about 20m outside the lower wall vein, and the upper wall stage transportation tunnel 6 is arranged about 20m away from the edge of the first rock drilling chamber in the upper wall. The mining access roads 10 are excavated into the ore body in the upper and lower wall along the vein tunnels, respectively, and are connected with the bottom cutting ditch tunnel 8 of the upper wall stope 2 and the lower wall stope 3. The mining joint tunnel 9 is arranged near the middle of the middle stope 4 along the ore body direction to the vein connecting tunnel 7 in the column 1 between the stopes, and the mining access roads 10 are excavated on both sides of the mining joint tunnel 9 to connect with the bottom cutting ditch tunnel 8. The upper rock drilling tunnel 11 is arranged 4m below the rock drilling level, and the chamber height is 4m. Its roof is kept at the same elevation as the rock drilling level. After the recovery and filling are completed, it serves as the bottom plate of the mining project in the previous mining stage. When the stope width is greater than 20m, a point column 12 is left at the upper rock drilling level. In order to avoid excessive exposure of the side of the stope, a temporary column 13 is left in the middle of the stope.

[0054] To further optimize the solution,

[0055] For the upper wall stope 2: arrange rock drilling tunnels in the upper part, drill upward deep holes for blasting and mining;

[0056] For the footwall stope 3: arrange rock drilling tunnels in the upper part, drill and drill deep holes for blasting and mining;

[0057] For the intermediate stope 4: arrange rock drilling tunnels in the upper part, and drill deep holes for blasting and recovery.

[0058] The main rock drilling parameters are as follows: a T150 down-the-hole drill is used to drill a downward deep hole with a hole diameter of 165mm. The spacing between blastholes in the middle of the stope is 2.5m-3.0m, and the row spacing is 2.5m-3.0m. In order to effectively control the stope boundary, smooth blasting is implemented for the side row holes, with a hole spacing of 2.0m-2.2m, and 0.5m from the side hole to the stope boundary. The two sides of the middle stope 4 are backfill bodies. The principle of hole arrangement is to protect the backfill bodies on both sides, minimize the falling of backfill bodies caused by over-blasting and the collapse of backfill bodies caused by excessive blasting. The spacing between the middle blastholes in the middle stope 4 is 2.5m-3.0m. The side row holes are based on the theory of enhanced loosening blasting, with a hole spacing of 1.8m-2.0m, and enhanced loosening blasting is adopted. The side row holes are 1.5m away from the backfill boundary.

[0059] The VCR method is used for blasting. The lower part of the blasthole is blocked by 1.0m-1.5m, the upper part is blocked by 1.2m-1.6m, the layered blasting height is 2.5m-3.0m, and the non-electric detonation system is used. The detonating caps are high-precision equally spaced millisecond detonators. Two rows form a section, the middle hole explodes first, and the side row holes lag behind. The "straight line" detonation is used, the number of detonating holes is 3-4, and single or multi-layer blasting can be performed from bottom to top.

[0060] The plan was further optimized, with upper plate mining area 2 and lower plate mining area 3 operating simultaneously.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3 are both drilled at the upper part, and the two mining areas are separated by an intermediate mining area 4, and their working locations do not overlap. Therefore, the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3 can operate at the same time, which can effectively improve the production capacity in the plate area.

[0062] To further optimize the plan, high-strength cementing filling will be carried out after the operations in the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3 are completed, and then the middle mining area 4 will be operated after the filling is completed.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3 are mined, the mining area goaf is filled immediately. When filling the mining area, high-strength cementation filling is performed at the full height of the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3, which plays a decisive role in the in-situ protection of useful rocks in the upper and lower plates. Subsequently, the middle mining area 4 is mined.

[0064] To further optimize the plan, after the mining of the intermediate stope 4 is completed, high-strength cemented filling is first used at the bottom, then non-cemented filling is used, and finally high-strength cemented filling is used until the top of the intermediate stope 4.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the mining of the intermediate stope 4 is completed, the goaf is filled immediately. High-strength cementing filling is first used on the bottom layer of the stope, and then non-cementing filling is used for most of the time. After that, high-strength cementing filling is used for the remaining 4m of the stope height until the top surface of the stope.

[0066] To further optimize the plan, the strength of the high-strength filling body in the upper plate mining area 2, the lower plate mining area 3 and the middle mining area 4 shall not be less than 2MPa.

[0067] To further optimize the plan, the filling retaining wall for blocking the tunnel in the intermediate mining area 4 shall have a height of not less than 4m, and the strength of the non-cemented filling body in the intermediate mining area 4 shall not be less than 0.5MPa.

[0068] In one implementation of the present invention, a shovel loader is used to unload the ore, and shoveling is carried out in the loading route. The amount of ore unloaded each time is about 30% of the current ore collapse amount. After the ore falling is completed, a large amount of ore unloading will be carried out. During the period of large-scale ore unloading, the ore unloading intensity should be increased to shorten the exposure time of the goaf, thereby reducing the collapse of ore rock and filling body caused by the exposure of the goaf.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, high-proportion cementing filling is used for both the upper plate mining area 2 and the lower plate mining area 3; different proportions are used for different parts of the middle mining area 4 during filling, which can not only meet the strength requirements but also save filling costs; before filling, a steel mesh filter wall is used to seal the middle part of the loading access road, and the filling strength is increased during filling to reduce the collapse of the ore rock and filling body caused by the exposure of the goaf.

[0070] The present invention meticulously divides each independent mining area into an upper plate stope 2, a lower plate stope 3 and an intermediate stope 4, forming three independent mining units. The first step focuses on the mining of the upper plate stope 2, and on the premise of ensuring a smooth production organization process, the lower plate stope 3 will also carry out mining operations simultaneously. After the mining operation is completed, a high-strength cementing filling material will be used to treat the formed goaf, and ensure that the filling strength meets the requirements. When the mining of the intermediate stope 4 is completed, a filling material with lower strength is selected to treat the goaf to balance the economy of the overall project.

[0071] Reference Figure 2 In the two adjacent mining areas, the operation sequence is: the upper plate mining area 2 on the left and the lower plate mining area 3 on the right are the first mining, the lower plate mining area 3 on the left and the upper plate mining area 2 on the right are the second mining, the middle mining area 4 on the left is the third mining, and the middle mining area 4 on the right is the fourth mining, and the corresponding filling is performed after mining.

[0072] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0073] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method for protecting useful rock in upper and lower walls, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the ore body into panels according to its shape, and organize production with the panels as the mining units; S2. Divide the stope area within the designated panel area; S3, performing accurate cutting on the divided stope; S4, recovering the stope by using deep hole rock drilling and blasting; S5. Shovel out the recovered ore by means of a scraper; S6. After the mining is completed, the empty areas in the mining area are filled.

2. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 1, Features: In step S1, the self-stable size of the ore body is analyzed according to the occurrence state of the ore rock, and the panel area is arranged along the strike direction of the ore body, and the length of the panel area is 80m-100m.

3. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 1, Features: A plurality of inter-disk columns (1) are arranged axially in the disk area, the mining area is located between two adjacent inter-disk columns (1), and the thickness of the inter-disk columns (1) is 18 m.

4. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 3, Features: When the thickness of the ore body is greater than 30 m, the stope is divided into an upper stope (2), a lower stope (3) and an intermediate stope (4).

5. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 4, Features: For the upper wall stope (2): a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled downward for blasting and recovery; For the lower wall stope (3): a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled downward for blasting and recovery; For the intermediate stope (4), a rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the upper part, and deep holes are drilled downward for blasting and recovery.

6. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 5, Features: The upper plate stope (2) and the lower plate stope (3) operate simultaneously.

7. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 4, Features: After the operations of the upper plate stope (2) and the lower plate stope (3) are completed, high-strength cementation filling is carried out. After the filling is completed and reaches the required strength, the middle stope (4) is operated.

8. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 7, Features: After the mining of the intermediate stope (4) is completed, high-strength cementing filling is first used at the bottom, then non-cementing filling is used, and finally high-strength cementing filling is used again until the top of the intermediate stope (4).

9. A method for recovering useful rock for protecting upper and lower walls according to claim 8, Features: The strength of the high-strength filling bodies in the upper plate stope (2), the lower plate stope (3) and the middle stope (4) is not less than 2 MPa.

10. A mining method for protecting useful rock in upper and lower walls according to claim 9, Features: The height of the high-strength filling body in the intermediate stope (4) is higher than the filling retaining wall that blocks the tunnel, and the height is not less than 4m. The strength of the non-cemented filling body in the intermediate stope (4) is not less than 0.5MPa.

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