Directory generation method and device and intelligent agent

Abstract

The invention provides a directory generation method and device and an intelligent agent, and relates to the field of artificial intelligence, in particular to the technical fields of deep learning, NLP, intelligent search, intelligent assistants and the like. According to the specific implementation scheme, a text module is recognized from a webpage; enhancing at least one item in the text according to the hierarchical label in the text module, and extracting a plurality of webpage titles; generating a directory of the text module according to the webpage title; and outputting the directory in the webpage. According to the embodiment of the invention, the directory outline can be displayed in the webpage, and the convenience of browsing the webpage is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of artificial intelligence, and in particular to technical fields such as deep learning, NLP, and intelligent search. Background Art

[0002] When users read web pages, they often read long articles. However, most web pages do not have a directory outline navigation. Some article publishers do not strictly follow the article specifications. This makes the operation cumbersome, wastes time and energy, and reduces reading efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a catalog generation method, device and intelligent agent.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a directory generation method, comprising:

[0005] Identify text modules from web pages;

[0006] Extracting multiple web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module;

[0007] Generate the directory of the text module according to the web page title;

[0008] Output the directory on this web page.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a directory generating device, comprising:

[0010] An identification module, used to identify a text module from a web page;

[0011] An extraction module, used for extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module;

[0012] A generation module, used to generate a directory of the text module according to the web page title;

[0013] The output module is used to output the directory in the web page.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, comprising:

[0015] at least one processor; and

[0016] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0017] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute any method in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided, wherein the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute any method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements any method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure when executed by a processor.

[0020] According to the present disclosure, a directory outline can be displayed in a web page, thereby improving the convenience of browsing the web page.

[0021] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to better understand the present solution and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a directory generation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of extracting hierarchical labels according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of extracting enhanced text according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of extracting titles to generate a catalog according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a directory generation method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of module scoring according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a directory generation method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the display level according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a directory generation method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Fig.10is a structural schematic diagram of a directory generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Fig.11 is a structural schematic diagram of a directory generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent agent according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig.13 is a schematic flow chart for retrieving subheadings and displaying them;

[0036] Fig.14 It is a diagram that indicates the reading progress and title;

[0037] Fig.15a This is a schematic diagram of dragging the directory panel;

[0038] Fig.15b This is a schematic diagram of the catalog panel being folded;

[0039] Fig.16 It is a block diagram of an electronic device used to implement the directory generation method of the embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following is a description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, it should be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, the description of well-known functions and structures is omitted in the following description.

[0041] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a directory generation method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may include:

[0042] S110, identifying a text module from a web page;

[0043] S120, extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module;

[0044] S130, generating a directory of the text module according to the webpage title:

[0045] S140: Output the directory in the web page.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, in addition to the main text content, there may also be some interfering content such as recommended content, advertising content, navigation content, etc. in the web page. The web page can be first segmented into modules through a directory plug-in tool, and the main text module (also referred to as the main text area, main text part, etc.) can be identified from the multiple modules obtained by segmentation. The main text module usually has the characteristics of a large number of words, pictures, and titles. The content of the main text module is usually highly correlated with the main title of the web page. Based on these characteristics, the main text module can be accurately identified. The directory generated based on the main text module is more accurate and has less interfering content. The directory plug-in tool of the embodiment of the present application can be installed in a browser, application, applet, or other program that can open a web page such as a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 5 web page.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, after identifying the body module of the web page, the directory plug-in tool can extract one or more web page titles according to the hierarchical tags in the body module. The hierarchical tags may include tags of the HTML type. For example, the HTML tags may include <h1> Label,< / h1> <h2> Label,< / h2> <h3> Label,< / h3> <h4> Label,< / h4> <h5> Tags and< / h5> <h6> Label.< / h6> <h1> Tags can indicate the most important headings.< / h1> <h6> The tag can represent the web page title with the lowest level of importance.< / h6> <h1> Tags to< / h1> <h6>Tags can identify some web page titles in a web page.

[0048] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 As shown, after identifying the body module of the web page, one or more titles can be extracted according to the enhanced text in the body module. The enhanced text can also be called emphasized text, highlighted text, special effect text, enhanced text, etc. For example, the enhanced text can include bold text, italic text, centered text, highlighted text, colored text, etc.

[0049] In the disclosed embodiment, multiple web page titles are extracted through hierarchical tags and / or enhanced text in a web page, and the extracted titles can be used to directly generate a directory of the web page, that is, a directory of the body module of the web page; or the extracted web page titles can be first screened to filter out some inappropriate web page titles, and a directory of the web page is generated based on the screened web page titles. Then, the directory is output in the web page. For example, the specific content of the generated directory can be displayed in the directory display window 401 of the web page, see Figure 4 For example, the name of the directory can be Article Outline, Table of Contents Outline, etc.

[0050] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, a directory outline can be displayed in a web page to improve the convenience of browsing the web page. For example, when a user opens a web page, the client browser can generate a directory of articles displayed in the web page in real time, improving the convenience of the user browsing the web page, thereby improving the user's reading efficiency and experience.

[0051] Figure 5 1 is a flow chart of a method 500 for generating a directory according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 500 can be used to implement step S110 in the method 100 for generating a directory. In one embodiment, the method 500 includes: identifying a text module from a web page, and further includes:

[0052] S510, dividing the web page into multiple web page modules;

[0053] S520, obtaining the scoring result of each webpage module;

[0054] S530: Determine the text module from the web page module according to the scoring result.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, the web page can be divided into different web page modules. For example, the main text module, the advertisement module, the navigation module, the recommendation module, etc. Each of the divided web page modules can be scored according to the preset scoring rules to obtain the scoring results. The scoring rules can be general rules or adjusted according to different web page contents.

[0056] The scoring result may be a specific score, in which case the webpage module with the highest score may be the text module. For example, if the score of webpage module 601 is 95 points, the score of webpage module 602 is 20 points, the score of webpage module 603 is 30 points, and the score of webpage module 604 is 50 points, then webpage module 601 may be determined as the text module.

[0057] The scoring result may also be in the form of probability, etc. In this case, the webpage module with the highest probability may be the text module. For example, the probability that webpage module 601 is the text module is 60%, the probability that webpage module 603 is the text module is 30%, the probability that webpage module 604 is the text module is 50%, and the probability that webpage module 605 is the text module is 80%, then webpage module 605 may be determined as the text module.

[0058] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the web page modules can be scored according to the scoring rules, thereby accurately identifying the text modules in the web page, thereby improving the accuracy of the generated web page directory.

[0059] In one implementation, step S520 obtains the scoring result of each web page module, including: obtaining the scoring result according to at least one of the number of words, the number of pictures, the number of titles, and the number of emphasized words in the web page module.

[0060] In the disclosed embodiment, a scoring rule may be set according to one or more of the number of words, the number of pictures, the number of titles, and the number of emphasized words in each web page module. For example, a web page module with the largest number of words has the highest score, and a web page module with the smallest number of words has the lowest score. For another example, a web page module with the smallest number of pictures has the highest score, and a web page module with the largest number of pictures has the lowest score. For another example, a web page module with the largest number of titles has the highest score. For another example, a web page module with the largest number of emphasized words has the highest score.

[0061] In addition, different scoring ranges can be set. For example, the number of words below the first number is the first score, the number of words above the first number and below the second number is the second score, and so on. The first number can be less than the second number, and the first score can be less than the second score. The number of pictures, the number of titles, and the number of emphasized words can also be set with different scoring ranges, and examples will not be repeated here.

[0062] If a webpage module includes multiple contents, for example, including pictures, ordinary text, and emphasized text, the scores of the multiple contents can be summed or weighted, and the total score is then used as the score result of the webpage module.

[0063] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, scoring web page modules according to different scoring rules can improve the accuracy of text module recognition, thereby improving the accuracy of the directory.

[0064] In one implementation, step S140 of outputting the directory in the webpage includes:

[0065] The directory is output on the web page if at least one of the following is met:

[0066] The number of the highest same-level titles is greater than or equal to a first preset value;

[0067] The number of all level titles is greater than or equal to a second preset value.

[0068] In the disclosed embodiment, the number of extracted titles may be counted, and there may be various counting methods, for example, counting the number of titles at the highest level, and counting the number of titles at all levels.

[0069] For example, if the number of highest level titles extracted from a web page, such as the number of titles corresponding to the H1 tag, is 3, and the first preset value is 2, then the number of highest level titles is greater than the first preset value, and the extracted titles can be used to generate a directory and displayed in the visible window of the web page. If the number of highest level titles is less than the first preset value, the directory may not be displayed on the web page. The highest level title is not limited to the title corresponding to the H1 tag, and can be the highest level of all levels extracted from the web page, such as< / h6> <h2>The title of the tag.

[0070] For example, if the number of all-level titles extracted from the web page is 5 and the second preset value is 3, the number of all-level titles is greater than the second preset value, and the extracted titles can be used to generate a directory and displayed in the visible window of the web page. If the number of all-level titles is less than the second preset value, the directory may not be displayed on the web page.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, counting the number of extracted titles may be performed after step S120 or during step S120. For example, it may be performed during step S120 to count whether the number of titles counted after all titles are extracted is less than a preset value, or it may be performed after step S120 to count whether the number of retained titles counted after all titles are extracted and screened is less than a preset value.

[0072] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, counting the number of titles can improve the accuracy of extracting the number of titles, thereby improving the accuracy of directory generation.

[0073] Figure 7 7 is a flow chart of a catalog generation method 700 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which can be used to implement step S120 in the catalog generation method 100. In one embodiment, the method 700 includes: extracting multiple titles according to the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module, and further includes:

[0074] S710, extracting hierarchical titles from the text module according to hierarchical tags in the text module;

[0075] S720, extracting an enhanced title from the text module according to the enhanced text in the text module;

[0076] S730, obtaining the webpage title from at least one of the level title and the enhanced title;

[0077] S740: Determine the display mode of the webpage title.

[0078] In the disclosed embodiment, the level tag corresponding to each level in the main text module can be obtained according to the source code of the main text module, and the content of the level tag is used as the level title. The content of the level tag may include the content written into the level tag by the webpage developer or the article publisher. The enhanced text can be identified from the main text module by using text recognition, image recognition, etc., and the content of the enhanced text is used as the enhanced title.

[0079] In the disclosed embodiment, a screening strategy is used to screen the extracted hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles. The screening strategy may be a pre-set general strategy, or a specific strategy adjusted according to different web page contents. The screening strategy may include strategies for selecting, deleting, retaining, etc. the hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles. The hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles retained after screening may be web page titles that can be displayed in the directory, and the display method of the web page titles may be further determined, such as determining which web page titles to display and which web page titles to hide.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the display mode of the hierarchical titles and enhanced titles retained after filtering in the directory display window can be determined. For example, the first hierarchical title of the directory display window is displayed< / h2> <h1> The second level shows enhanced titles, and the third level shows< / h1> <h3> For example, the first level of the directory display window displays< / h3> <h2> The second level shows< / h2> <h3>Enhanced title, the third level displays the enhanced title of H3.

[0081] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by obtaining the web page title from at least one of the hierarchical title and the enhanced title, messy and unreasonable titles can be removed, and a more accurate directory can be generated based on the optimized and retained web page titles, making the directory displayed in the directory display window more reasonable and neat.

[0082] In one embodiment, step S730 of method 700 extracts multiple web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module, including at least one of the following:

[0083] When the number of levels of the level title is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the webpage title includes the level title;

[0084] When the number of titles at the level is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value, the webpage title includes the titles at the level;

[0085] In the case where the enhanced title includes multiple font sizes, the web page title includes the enhanced title in the largest font size.

[0086] In one embodiment, step S730 of method 700 extracts multiple web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module, including at least one of the following:

[0087] De-duplication processing is performed on the enhanced title;

[0088] The level title and / or the enhanced title including the pure digital content is deleted.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the hierarchical titles can be first extracted based on the hierarchical labels, and then the number of the extracted hierarchical titles can be counted. There are many statistical methods, for example, counting the number of levels of the extracted hierarchical titles, counting the number of hierarchical titles of all levels extracted, etc.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, counting the extracted hierarchical titles may be performed after extracting the enhanced tags or before extracting the enhanced titles. If the number of hierarchical titles or the number of levels counted meets a preset value, the enhanced tags may not be extracted.

[0091] In the disclosed embodiment, counting the number of extracted titles (the number of the highest same-level titles, the number of all titles) can be performed after S740 of step S120. If the number of retained titles does not meet the set value, S740 may not be executed. Counting the number of extracted titles can also be performed before S730 of step S120. If the total number of extracted hierarchical titles and enhanced titles does not meet the set value, S730 and subsequent steps may not be executed.

[0092] For example, if the hierarchy of hierarchical headings extracted from a web page includes< / h3> <h1>、< / h1> <h2> and< / h2> <h3> , and the third preset value is 3, then the number of levels is equal to the third preset value, indicating that the extracted title levels are large. In this case, the extracted level titles can be used to generate a directory and displayed in the directory display window. And the enhanced title can be not extracted; or if the enhanced title has been extracted, the extracted enhanced title can be not retained. If the level of the level title extracted from the web page only includes< / h3> <h1>, which is less than the third preset value, indicates that the extracted title levels are relatively small and the enhanced title can continue to be extracted.

[0093] For another example, if the number of hierarchical titles extracted from the web page is 10, which is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value, such as 5, it means that the number of hierarchical titles extracted is relatively large. In this case, the extracted hierarchical titles can be used to generate a directory and displayed in the directory display window. And the enhanced title may not be extracted; or if the enhanced title has been extracted, the extracted enhanced title may not be retained.

[0094] In the disclosed embodiments, the enhanced title may be in a position such as centered, left-aligned, or right-aligned in the main text module. For example, you can choose a centered enhanced title, or you can choose a left-aligned enhanced title. The enhanced title may have one or more font sizes such as size 4, size 3, size 2, etc. For example, you can choose an enhanced title with the largest font size, such as size 2, or you can choose an enhanced title with an intermediate font size, such as size 3, or you can choose an enhanced title with the smallest font size, such as size 4. You can also choose an enhanced title with the same font size as the hierarchical title, or you can choose an enhanced title with a larger or smaller font size than the hierarchical title. The specific selection can be flexibly based on the actual application scenario. For example, in the main text module, you can choose an enhanced title that is centered and has the largest font size.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the extracted enhanced titles can be deduplicated. For example, if the contents of multiple extracted enhanced titles are repeated, only one of them can be retained. For another example, if the content of the extracted enhanced title is repeated with the content of the adjacent (such as the previous and / or next) hierarchical titles, the enhanced title can be removed, and the adjacent hierarchical titles can also be removed. If the number of enhanced titles removed from a web page is too large, it means that there are too many enhanced texts in the web page, which may cause interference. In this case, the enhanced titles may not be used to generate a directory, and the directory of the web page may not be displayed. For example, if the number of enhanced titles removed exceeds a preset ratio, such as 60%, the removed enhanced titles and the web page content corresponding to the removed enhanced titles are not displayed in the directory display window.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the extracted hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles are identified. If the content of the hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles only includes pure numbers, they may have no specific meaning. Therefore, the hierarchical titles and / or enhanced titles with pure digital content can be removed.

[0097] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, by screening the hierarchical titles and enhanced titles in a variety of ways, unreasonable titles can be removed and the accuracy of the generated directory can be improved.

[0098] In one implementation, step S740 of method 700 determines the display mode of the webpage title, including at least one of the following:

[0099] When the font size of the level title is larger than that of the enhanced title, the display level of the level title is set above the display level of the enhanced title;

[0100] When the font size of the level title is smaller than that of the enhanced title, the display level of the level title is set below the display level of the enhanced title;

[0101] When the font size of the enhanced title is larger than the maximum font size of the level title, display the enhanced title;

[0102] When the font size of the enhanced title is smaller than the maximum font size of the level title, display the level title;

[0103] When the distance between two web page titles at the same display level is less than or equal to the font height of the first web page title of the two web page titles, the two web page titles are not displayed.

[0104] In the disclosed embodiment, when both the hierarchical title and the enhanced title are retained in the webpage title, the font size comparison can be performed between a hierarchical title and its adjacent (e.g., the previous, next, two above, or two below, the specific adjacent range is not limited) enhanced titles. The font size comparison can also be performed between an enhanced title and its adjacent (e.g., the previous, next, two above, or two below, the specific adjacent range is not limited) hierarchical titles. For example, Figure 8 As shown, when the font size of the hierarchical title 801 is larger than the font size of the enhanced title 802, the display level of the hierarchical title 801 in the directory display window can be set to be above the display level of the enhanced title 802. Figure 8 As shown, when the font size of the hierarchical title 803 is smaller than the font size of the enhanced title 804 , the display level of the hierarchical title 803 in the directory display window can be set below the display level of the enhanced title 804 .

[0105] In the disclosed embodiment, the maximum font size of the hierarchical title can be compared with the font size of the enhanced title. If the font size of the enhanced title is larger than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, only the enhanced title can be displayed in the directory display window without displaying the hierarchical title. If the font size of the enhanced title is smaller than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, only the hierarchical title, such as the hierarchical title with the maximum font size, can be displayed in the directory display window without displaying the enhanced title.

[0106] In the disclosed embodiment, if the spacing between titles is too small, the same title may be divided into multiple lines. In this case, displaying only one line of titles may result in incomplete content, which is not conducive to understanding the content of the title. Therefore, titles with incomplete content can be discarded. For example, the spacing between two similar or adjacent web page titles in the same display level is determined. If the spacing between two web page titles is less than the font height of the first title (the title closer to the top), it means that the spacing between the two web page titles is short, and both web page titles are not displayed in the directory display window. The spacing between web page titles can be determined by the pixel distance between the bottom margin of the first web page title (the title closer to the top) and the top margin of the second web page title (the title closer to the bottom).

[0107] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by comparing web page titles and selecting a corresponding display mode, it is possible to reduce non-standard web page titles, improve the accuracy of web page titles, and further improve the accuracy of the generated directory.

[0108] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a directory generation method 900 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and the method 900 may include one or more features of the above-mentioned embodiment. In one implementation, the method 900 further includes:

[0109] S910, monitoring the target content of the text module according to the webpage structure of the text module;

[0110] S920: When it is detected according to the web page structure of the text module that the target content of the text module appears in the visible window of the web page, a target title corresponding to the target content is highlighted in the directory display window.

[0111] In the disclosed embodiment, S910 may be executed during S120. For example, the content of the hierarchical title in the body module and its corresponding web page structure are extracted simultaneously. The web page structure corresponding to the hierarchical title may include the pixel position of the hierarchical title in the entire web page. For another example, the content of the enhanced title in the body module and its corresponding web page structure are extracted, and the web page structure corresponding to the enhanced title may include the pixel position of the enhanced title in the entire web page. The content of the enhanced title may generally include text content, and the content of some titles may also include icons, images, etc. After extracting the title and its corresponding web page structure, the correspondence between the title and the web page structure may be retained.

[0112] In an embodiment of the present application, the target content displayed in the visual window of the current web page can be monitored. If the pixel position P1 of the target content in the entire web page appears in a specified area of ​​the visual window, such as the middle area, the target title corresponding to the target content can be set to be highlighted in the directory display window according to the correspondence between P1 and the title. The specified area of ​​the visual window can be preset, for example, the pixel coordinates of the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the middle area of ​​the visual window can be preset. The highlighting method of the target title can include at least one of the operations of highlighting, bolding, tilting, enlarging, adding shading, changing color, etc.

[0113] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by monitoring the target content of the text module and highlighting the target title corresponding to the target content in the directory display window, the target title and target content can be quickly located, thereby improving the efficiency of web browsing or reading.

[0114] In one embodiment, the method further includes: when the target title in the directory display window is in a browsing state, highlighting the target title in the directory display window, and / or highlighting the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page.

[0115] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when browsing a directory display window of a web page, the target title and its corresponding content can be highlighted as the cursor moves in the directory display window. The cursor movement trajectory can include movement modes such as scrolling, dragging, and sliding. For example, if the cursor is at the first title of the directory display window, the first title can be highlighted in the directory display window, and the content corresponding to the first title can be highlighted in the visible window of the web page. For another example, as the mouse scrolls, if the cursor moves to the second title of the directory display window, the highlighting of the first title and its corresponding content can be canceled, the second title can be highlighted in the directory display window, and the content corresponding to the second title can be highlighted in the visible window of the web page.

[0116] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the browsing content can be highlighted according to the browsing track, which can improve the experience of browsing web pages and improve the efficiency of web page browsing.

[0117] In one embodiment, the method further includes: when the target title in the directory display window is in a selected state, jumping to display the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page.

[0118] In the disclosed embodiment, when browsing the directory display window of a web page, the user can select a target title by a selection operation, such as clicking the target title with a mouse, selecting the target title by pressing a key, etc. When the target title is in a selected state, if the target content corresponding to the target title is not currently displayed in the visible window of the web page, the target content corresponding to the target title can be jumped to according to the previously extracted correspondence between the pixel positions of the title and the content, and the target content is displayed in the visible window of the web page.

[0119] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by quickly jumping to display the target content corresponding to the target title through the selection command of the target title, the speed of browsing the web page can be improved, and the efficiency of web page browsing or reading can be improved.

[0120] In one embodiment, the method further includes: editing the directory display window in response to an editing instruction; wherein the editing instruction includes adjusting at least one of the size, height, position, and color of the directory display window.

[0121] In the disclosed embodiment, the user can perform various editing operations on the directory display window. When the user performs a certain editing operation, an editing instruction can be generated, and the directory display window can be adjusted in response to the editing instruction. The adjustment method may include adjusting the size of the directory display window in the web page, such as adjusting the size of the window. Adjusting the height of the directory display window in the web page, such as adjusting the height of the directory display window in the web page. Adjusting the position of the directory display window in the web page, such as adjusting the directory display window to the left or right side of the web page. Adjusting the color of the directory display window, such as adjusting the color of the border, background, font, highlight, target title, etc. of the directory display window. Adjusting the color of the visible window of the web page, such as adjusting the color of the background, font, highlight, target content, etc. of the visible window.

[0122] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by editing the directory display window through editing instructions, the display mode of the directory and the web page can be optimized and the visual effect of the web page can be improved.

[0123] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a directory generating device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may include

[0124] Identification module 1010, used to identify a text module from a web page;

[0125] An extraction module 1020, configured to extract a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module;

[0126] A generating module 1030, for generating a directory of the text module according to the webpage title;

[0127] The output module 1040 is used to output the directory in the web page.

[0128] Fig.11 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a directory generating device 1100 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device 1100 includes: an identification module 1110, an extraction module 1120, a generation module 1130 and an output module 1140. The functions of the above modules can refer to the functions of the modules of the directory generating device in the above embodiment. In one implementation, the identification module 1110 includes:

[0129] The segmentation submodule 1111 is used to segment the web page into multiple web page modules;

[0130] The scoring submodule 1112 is used to obtain the scoring result of each webpage module;

[0131] The selection submodule 1113 is used to determine the text module from the web page module according to the scoring result.

[0132] In one implementation, the scoring submodule 1112 is used to obtain the scoring result based on at least one of the number of words, the number of pictures, the number of titles, and the number of emphasized words in the webpage module.

[0133] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the device 1100 also includes:

[0134] The display module 1150 is configured to output the directory in the webpage when at least one of the following conditions is met:

[0135] The number of the highest same-level titles is greater than or equal to a first preset value;

[0136] The number of all level titles is greater than or equal to a second preset value.

[0137] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the extraction module 1120 includes:

[0138] The extraction submodule 1121 is used to extract the hierarchical title from the main text module according to the hierarchical label in the main text module; and to extract the enhanced title from the main text module according to the enhanced text in the main text module;

[0139] An acquisition submodule 1122, configured to acquire the webpage title from at least one of the level title and the enhanced title;

[0140] The determination submodule 1123 is used to determine the display mode of the webpage title.

[0141] In one implementation, the acquisition submodule 1122 is used to perform at least one of the following steps:

[0142] When the number of levels of the level title is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the webpage title includes the level title;

[0143] When the number of titles at the level is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value, the webpage title includes the titles at the level;

[0144] In the case where the enhanced title includes multiple font sizes, the web page title includes the enhanced title in the largest font size.

[0145] In one implementation, the acquisition submodule 1122 is used to perform at least one of the following steps:

[0146] De-duplication processing is performed on the enhanced title;

[0147] The level title and / or the enhanced title including the pure digital content is deleted.

[0148] In one implementation, the determining submodule 1123 is configured to perform at least one of the following steps:

[0149] When the font size of the level title is larger than that of the enhanced title, the display level of the level title is set above the display level of the enhanced title;

[0150] When the font size of the level title is smaller than that of the enhanced title, the display level of the level title is set below the display level of the enhanced title;

[0151] When the font size of the enhanced title is larger than the maximum font size of the level title, display the enhanced title;

[0152] When the font size of the enhanced title is smaller than the maximum font size of the level title, display the level title;

[0153] When the distance between two web page titles at the same display level is less than or equal to the font height of the first web page title of the two web page titles, the two web page titles are not displayed.

[0154] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the device 1100 also includes:

[0155] A monitoring module 1160, configured to monitor the target content of the text module according to the webpage structure of the text module;

[0156] The display module 1150 is also used to highlight the target title corresponding to the target content in the directory display window when it is detected that the target content of the text module appears in the visible window of the web page according to the web page structure of the text module.

[0157] In one embodiment, the display module 1150 is also used to highlight the target title in the directory display window when the target title in the directory display window is in a browsing state, and / or to highlight the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page.

[0158] In one embodiment, the display module 1150 is further configured to, when a target title in the directory display window is selected, jump to display the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page.

[0159] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the device 1100 also includes:

[0160] The editing module 1170 is used to edit the directory display window in response to an editing instruction; wherein the editing instruction includes adjusting at least one of the size, height, position, and color of the directory display window.

[0161] For the description of specific functions and examples of each module and submodule of the device in the embodiment of the present disclosure, reference can be made to the relevant description of the corresponding steps in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0162] Fig.12 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an agent 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The agent may include:

[0163] An input module 1210, for receiving input information;

[0164] The processing module 1220 is used to determine a target task based on the input information received by the input module, and execute the above-mentioned directory generation method based on the target task to obtain output information;

[0165] The output module 1230 is used to output the output information obtained by the processing module.

[0166] For the description of specific functions and examples of the intelligent agent in the embodiments of the present disclosure, please refer to the relevant description of the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0167] In one application scenario, when users read web pages, they often read some long articles. Using the directory navigation, users can intuitively browse the main outline of the article in advance. In addition, when users slide up and down the web page to read, they do not need to scroll the page to view the paragraphs. They can directly click the corresponding title on the directory to jump to the chapter of interest for reading.

[0168] The directory generation method of the embodiment of the present application may include a technical solution for extracting the directory outline of articles in a web page based on the web page (html) structure analysis. The solution can be applied to a browser plug-in or a network (web) application to help users generate the directory outline of articles in advance when reading any web page content, so as to read and understand the content of the article more conveniently, efficiently and quickly.

[0169] When a user is reading a web page, this solution can first identify the main text area of ​​the web page (excluding advertisements, navigation, etc.), and then retrieve all subheadings in the main text area (or called the main text part, main text module) according to a specific identification strategy, and display them in order of hierarchy.

[0170] The specific process is as follows Fig.13 As shown:

[0171] 1. Identify the main text from the web page.

[0172] After entering the web page, the web page is first divided into modules, and then the content of each module is analyzed. The modules are scored according to the number of words, pictures, titles, enhanced text, etc. According to the scoring mechanism, the module with the highest score can be the main text module. Special modules such as navigation bars can also be excluded directly or according to the score.

[0173] 2. According to a specific strategy, retrieve subheadings from the main text.

[0174] This scheme can not only extract< / h1> <h1> arrive< / h1> <h6>These specific HTML tags can be used to identify titles. You can also combine them with specific usage scenarios to develop some general strategies for more accurate identification. The following is an example of a sub-title extraction strategy. In actual applications, you can execute one or more of these strategies:

[0175] (1) The entire directory outline is displayed only when the number of extracted titles at the highest level is greater than or equal to 2 or the total number of titles at all levels is greater than or equal to 3.

[0176] (2) Extract all H1-H6 titles.

[0177] (3) Extract the centered enhanced text in a separate paragraph as a strong title, except for the following cases:

[0178] (3-1) When the H level count is >= 3, the strong title is not retained.

[0179] (3-2) When the total number of H tags at all levels is greater than 15, the strong title will not be retained.

[0180] (4) When the centered strong text has multiple font sizes, select the largest font size as the strong title and discard the others.

[0181] (5) When there is both an H title and a strong title, you can implement at least one of the following strategies:

[0182] (5-1) Calculate the font size of the strong title and the H title. If the font size of the strong title is smaller than that of the H title, the display level of the strong title will be below the H title. If the font size of the strong title is larger than that of the H title, the display level of the strong title will be above the H title.

[0183] (5-2) When the font size of the Strong title is larger than the largest H title, the page only displays the Strong title; when the font size of the Strong title is smaller than the largest H title, the page only displays the H title.

[0184] (6) When the distance between two titles at the same level is less than or equal to the font height of the first title, neither title will be displayed. The distance between the two titles may be equal to the number of pixels between the bottom margin of the first row of titles and the top margin of the second row of titles.

[0185] (7) Remove duplicates from the identified strong titles. If the removed duplicate content accounts for more than 60% of the total, the article outline of the page will not be displayed.

[0186] (8) Remove purely numerical titles.

[0187] 3. Other optimization effects:

[0188] (1) Synchronous highlight scrolling

[0189] When the user scrolls to read, the corresponding paragraph title will be highlighted synchronously (that is, as long as you scroll to a module, the subtitle of the module will be highlighted in the panel), so that the user can be prompted with the current reading progress and title. Fig.14 As shown, the highlighted title corresponds to the current reading module.

[0190] (2) Support panel dragging

[0191] When using this disclosure, users may sometimes feel that the directory panel blocks the user's reading area. In this case, you can also place the mouse on the top of the panel and drag the position, as shown below Fig.15a Or click the "Collapse" button to collapse the panel, thereby reducing the occlusion of the reading area and preventing users from reading normally, as shown below Fig.15b shown.

[0192] The embodiment of the present application can organize the directory outline of the web page in advance when browsing the web page, and support users to quickly locate the paragraphs of interest for reading, greatly improving the reading efficiency and experience of browsing the web page. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application optimizes the strategy of retrieving titles, which is more flexible and intelligent, and greatly improves the accuracy of obtaining the directory.

[0193] In the technical solution disclosed herein, the acquisition, storage and application of user personal information involved are in compliance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0194] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium and a computer program product.

[0195] Fig.16 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 1600 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or required herein.

[0196] like Fig.16 As shown, the device 1600 includes a computing unit 1601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1602 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 1608 into a random access memory (RAM) 1603. In the RAM 1603, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 1600 can also be stored. The computing unit 1601, the ROM 1602, and the RAM 1603 are connected to each other via a bus 1604. An input / output (I / O) interface 1605 is also connected to the bus 1604.

[0197] A number of components in the device 1600 are connected to the I / O interface 1605, including: an input unit 1606, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 1607, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 1608, such as a disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 1609, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 1609 allows the device 1600 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0198] The computing unit 1601 may be a variety of general and / or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 1601 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any appropriate processors, controllers, microcontrollers, etc. The computing unit 1601 performs the various methods described above, such as the directory generation method. For example, in some embodiments, the directory generation method may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit 1608. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the device 1600 via the ROM 1602 and / or the communication unit 1609. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 1603 and executed by the computing unit 1601, one or more steps of the directory generation method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 1601 may be configured to perform the directory generation method in any other appropriate manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0199] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

[0200] The program code for implementing the method of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, so that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, enables the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine as a stand-alone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0201] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or equipment. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0202] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0203] The systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communications network). Examples of communications networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0204] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally remote from each other and usually interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server is generated by computer programs running on respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server combined with a blockchain.

[0205] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps recorded in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0206] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the principles of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.< / h6>

Claims

1. A method for generating a directory, include: Identify text modules from web pages; Extracting multiple web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module; Generate a directory of the text module according to the web page title; The directory is outputted in the web page.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the text module is identified from the web page. include: Dividing the web page into a plurality of web page modules; Obtaining a scoring result for each of the webpage modules; According to the scoring result, the text module is determined from the web page modules.

3. The method according to claim 2, in, The obtaining of the scoring result of each webpage module includes: The scoring result is obtained according to at least one of the number of words, the number of pictures, the number of titles, and the number of emphasized words in the web page module.

4. The method according to claim 1, in, Outputting the directory in the webpage includes: When at least one of the following conditions is met, the directory is outputted in the web page: The number of the highest same-level titles is greater than or equal to a first preset value; The number of all level titles is greater than or equal to a second preset value.

5. The method according to claim 1, in, The step of extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module comprises: Extracting hierarchical titles from the body module according to hierarchical tags in the body module; Extracting an enhanced title from the body module according to the enhanced text in the body module; Acquire the webpage title from at least one of the hierarchical title and the enhanced title; Determines how the title of the web page is displayed.

6. The method according to claim 5, in, The step of extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module comprises at least one of the following: In a case where the number of levels of the hierarchical title is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the webpage title includes the hierarchical title; In the case where the number of the hierarchical titles is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value, the webpage title includes the hierarchical titles; In the case where the enhanced title includes multiple font sizes, the web page title includes the enhanced title in the largest font size.

7. The method according to claim 5, in, The step of extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and the enhanced text in the body module comprises at least one of the following: Deduplication processing is performed on the enhanced title; The hierarchical titles and / or the enhanced titles including the pure digital content are deleted.

8. The method according to claim 6, in, The determining of the display mode of the webpage title includes at least one of the following: When the font size of the hierarchical title is larger than the font size of the enhanced title, setting the display level of the hierarchical title above the display level of the enhanced title; When the font size of the hierarchical title is smaller than the font size of the enhanced title, setting the display level of the hierarchical title below the display level of the enhanced title; When the font size of the enhanced title is larger than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, displaying the enhanced title; When the font size of the enhanced title is smaller than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, displaying the hierarchical title; When the distance between two web page titles at the same display level is less than or equal to the font height of the first web page title of the two web page titles, the two web page titles are not displayed.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in, The method further comprises: Monitoring the target content of the text module according to the web page structure of the text module; When it is detected according to the web page structure of the text module that the target content of the text module appears in the visible window of the web page, the target title corresponding to the target content is highlighted in the directory display window.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: include: When the target title in the directory display window is in a browsing state, the target title is highlighted in the directory display window, and / or the target content corresponding to the target title is highlighted in the visible window of the web page.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: include: When the target title in the directory display window is in a selected state, the target content corresponding to the target title is displayed in the visible window of the web page.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: include: The directory display window is edited in response to an editing instruction; wherein the editing instruction includes adjusting at least one of the size, height, position, and color of the directory display window.

13. A directory generating device, include: An identification module, used to identify a text module from a web page; An extraction module, used for extracting a plurality of web page titles according to at least one of the hierarchical tags and enhanced text in the body module; A generating module, used to generate a directory of the text module according to the web page title; An output module is used to output the directory in the web page.

14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the identification module include: A segmentation submodule, used for segmenting the web page into a plurality of web page modules; A scoring submodule, used to obtain the scoring result of each webpage module; A selection submodule is used to determine the text module from the web page module according to the scoring result.

15. The device according to claim 14, in, The scoring submodule is used to obtain the scoring result according to at least one of the number of words, the number of pictures, the number of titles and the number of emphasized words in the webpage module.

16. The device according to claim 13, in, Also includes: A display module is configured to output the directory in the webpage when at least one of the following conditions is met: The number of the highest same-level titles is greater than or equal to a first preset value; The number of all level titles is greater than or equal to a second preset value.

17. The device according to claim 13, in, The extraction module is used to: An extraction submodule, for extracting hierarchical titles from the main text module according to hierarchical tags in the main text module; and for extracting enhanced titles from the main text module according to enhanced text in the main text module; An acquisition submodule, used to acquire the webpage title from at least one of the hierarchical title and the enhanced title; The determination submodule is used to determine the display mode of the webpage title.

18. The device according to claim 17, in, The acquisition submodule is used to perform at least one of the following steps: In a case where the number of levels of the hierarchical title is greater than or equal to a third preset value, the webpage title includes the hierarchical title; In the case where the number of the hierarchical titles is greater than or equal to a fourth preset value, the webpage title includes the hierarchical titles; In the case where the enhanced title includes multiple font sizes, the web page title includes the enhanced title in the largest font size.

19. The device according to claim 17, in, The acquisition submodule is used to perform at least one of the following steps: Deduplication processing is performed on the enhanced title; The hierarchical titles and / or the enhanced titles including the pure digital content are deleted.

20. The device according to claim 18, in, The determining submodule is used to perform at least one of the following steps: When the font size of the hierarchical title is larger than the font size of the enhanced title, setting the display level of the hierarchical title above the display level of the enhanced title; When the font size of the hierarchical title is smaller than the font size of the enhanced title, setting the display level of the hierarchical title below the display level of the enhanced title; When the font size of the enhanced title is larger than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, displaying the enhanced title; When the font size of the enhanced title is smaller than the maximum font size of the hierarchical title, displaying the hierarchical title; When the distance between two web page titles at the same display level is less than or equal to the font height of the first web page title of the two web page titles, the two web page titles are not displayed.

21. The device according to any one of claims 13 to 20, further comprising: include: A monitoring module, used for monitoring the target content of the text module according to the webpage structure of the text module; The display module is also used to highlight the target title corresponding to the target content in the directory display window when it is detected that the target content of the text module appears in the visible window of the web page according to the web page structure of the text module.

22. The device according to any one of claims 13 to 20, in, The display module is also used to highlight the target title in the directory display window when the target title in the directory display window is in a browsing state, and / or highlight the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page.

23. The device according to any one of claims 13 to 20, in, The display module is also used for jumping and displaying the target content corresponding to the target title in the visible window of the web page when the target title in the directory display window is in a selected state.

24. The device according to any one of claims 13 to 20, further comprising: include: An editing module is used to edit the directory display window in response to an editing instruction; wherein the editing instruction includes adjusting at least one of the size, height, position, and color of the directory display window.

25. An Intelligent Agent include: An input module, used for receiving input information; a processing module, configured to determine a target task based on the input information received by the input module, and execute any one of claims 1 to 12 based on the target task to obtain output information; An output module is used to output the output information obtained by the processing module.

26. An electronic device, include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, in, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-12.

28. A computer program product comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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