Insulating liner, use of alumina-based component, hydrocarbon reforming reactor and hydrocarbon reforming method

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermally insulating liner, to the use of an alumina-based component, to a reactor for hydrocarbon reforming and to a method for hydrocarbon reforming.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a thermal insulation lining, the use of a component based on alumina, a reactor for hydrocarbon reforming and a method for hydrocarbon reforming.

[0002] In hydrocarbon reforming, a reducing high temperature atmosphere is required.

[0003] For hydrocarbon reforming, this reducing high temperature atmosphere is provided in a chamber. The chamber is surrounded by a wall. The wall is formed by a thermal insulation lining.

[0004] The insulating lining must simultaneously withstand the reducing atmosphere and the high temperatures prevailing in the chamber during hydrocarbon reforming. Furthermore, it is desirable that the heat transfer through the lining is as low as possible. On the one hand, for energetic reasons, and especially for economic and ecological reasons, it is desirable that this heat transfer through the lining is as low as possible in order to keep the heat losses through the wall as low as possible. Furthermore, it is also desirable that the heat transfer through the lining is low in order to easily maintain the high temperature atmosphere required for hydrocarbon reforming in the chamber. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an insulating lining for such a wall.

[0005] Furthermore, when providing such an insulating lining, it must be taken into account that the lining can usually only have a maximum thickness. Here, firstly, the spatial conditions must be taken into account, which only allow a limited thickness of the lining. Secondly, the strength of the lining material must also be taken into account, which only allows a maximum thickness of the lining associated with the maximum mechanical load.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a lining for heat insulating reducing high temperature atmosphere.

[0007] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lining for effective insulation against reducing high temperature atmospheres.

[0008] In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a lining for thermal insulation against reducing high-temperature atmospheres which allows only a small thickness to be provided, in particular a reduced thickness compared to the thermal insulation linings known from the prior art.

[0009] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a lining for use in reducing high temperature atmospheres in hydrocarbon reforming, preferably secondary reforming and particularly preferably autothermal reforming (ATR).

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, a thermal insulation lining for insulating a reducing high temperature atmosphere is provided, which includes the following features:

[0011] A plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of layers are arranged parallel to and adjacent to each other; wherein

[0012] The plurality of layers comprises a first layer and at least one second layer; wherein

[0013] The at least one second layer comprises a high temperature resistant material; wherein

[0014] The first layer includes an alumina-based component, and wherein the alumina-based component includes at least one hollow alumina-based component including at least one cavity.

[0015] Surprisingly, it has been found that according to the present invention, the above problems can be solved by providing an insulating lining formed as above. By providing such an insulating lining, it is possible to effectively insulate against a reducing high temperature atmosphere with a lining of only a small thickness. By providing such an insulating lining, energy losses through the lining can be reduced, while at the same time a high stability can be provided for the lining. Furthermore, the lining according to the present invention can be provided in such a way that it can withstand a reducing high temperature atmosphere.

[0016] In particular, the present invention is also based on the surprising discovery that when the plurality of layers of the thermal insulation lining includes at least one layer including an alumina-based component, and wherein the alumina-based component includes one or more hollow alumina-based components, each of the one or more hollow alumina-based components including at least one cavity, a thermal insulation lining that solves the above problems can be provided. According to the present invention, the layer of the plurality of layers of the present invention that includes the alumina-based component is referred to as the "first layer".

[0017] According to the invention, it was surprisingly realized that by means of a thermally insulating lining, energy losses can be significantly reduced to the extent that the lining comprises such a hollow alumina-based component. In this respect, it was also surprising that, despite the presence of such a hollow alumina-based component, the thermally insulating lining can still have a sufficiently high mechanical stability. Thus, due to such stability of the hollow alumina-based component, the lining can have a small thickness, in particular a thickness that is smaller than the thickness of the linings known from the prior art. Finally, such a hollow alumina-based component exhibits a high resistance to reducing high-temperature atmospheres.

[0018] In general, the alumina-based component can be manufactured according to any technique known in the prior art for manufacturing alumina-based components. In particular, the alumina-based component can be manufactured according to any prior art for producing refractory alumina-based components. According to one embodiment, the alumina-based component can be manufactured on the basis of a mass, i.e. an unformed refractory material or a mixture, and can be manufactured in situ at its place of use, i.e. at or in the lining according to the invention. In particular, in this case, the alumina-based component can be cast. According to an alternative embodiment, the alumina-based component can be provided as a prefabricated product, i.e. as a brick or a molded component.

[0019] Generally, the alumina-based components may have any shape, for example, they may be cubic, box-shaped or have any other shape. Preferably, the alumina-based components have a shape that allows the components to be used for building masonry structures, preferably mortarless masonry, as explained in detail below.

[0020] The hollow alumina-based component of the first layer is characterized by comprising at least one cavity. The cavity may be completely surrounded by the alumina-based material of the hollow alumina-based component.

[0021] Preferably, however, at least one cavity is not completely surrounded by the alumina-based material of the corresponding hollow alumina-based component. In particular, this also has the advantage that, on the one hand, such an open cavity can be manufactured more easily and, on the other hand, can be very easily filled with a thermally insulating material, as will be described further below. The at least one cavity of the hollow alumina-based component can, for example, be open only to one side, i.e. be formed substantially like a recess or a blind hole. According to alternative embodiments, however, the at least one cavity can also be, for example, open to a plurality of sides and to this extent be formed, for example, like a through hole.

[0022] In general, the cavity can have any volume.

[0023] However, according to the invention, it has been found that if at least one cavity has a minimum volume, in particular at least 0.01 dm 3 The hollow alumina-based component exhibits a particularly good thermal insulation effect if the volume of the hollow alumina-based component is at least 0.01 dm 3 Furthermore, according to the invention, it has been found that if at least one cavity has an excessively large volume, in particular more than 4.0 dm 3 If the volume of the at least one hollow alumina-based component is at most 4.0 dm 3 It has been found that the volume of at least one cavity is about 0.2 to 2.0 dm 3 To this extent, according to one embodiment, it can be provided that at least one cavity of at least one hollow aluminum oxide-based component has a diameter of 0.01 to 4.0 dm 3 , more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 dm 3 , more preferably 0.2 to 3.0 dm 3 , and particularly preferably 0.2 to 2.0 dm 3 volume.

[0024] According to one embodiment, at least one hollow alumina-based component has a diameter of 1.5 to 6.0 dm 3 The volume is preferably 2.0 to 4.5 dm 3 volume.

[0025] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it has been found that when the at least one cavity is the minimum volume fraction of the total volume of the at least one hollow alumina-based component, the at least one hollow alumina-based component exhibits a particularly good thermal insulation effect therein. In this respect, a minimum volume of 1% by volume has been found to be particularly advantageous, wherein increasing the minimum volume to 10% by volume can improve the thermal insulation effect. According to one embodiment, the at least one cavity thus has a volume of at least 1% by volume, more preferably a volume of at least 5% by volume, and most preferably a volume of at least 10% by volume, each relative to the volume of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0026] Furthermore, according to the invention, it has been found that the mechanical stability of the at least one hollow alumina-based component may be adversely affected if the at least one cavity occupies too large a proportion of the volume of the hollow alumina-based component, in particular a proportion of more than 95% by volume, wherein the mechanical stability may be improved by reducing the maximum volume to 25% by volume. According to one embodiment, it can therefore be provided that the at least one cavity has a volume of 1 to 95% by volume, more preferably a volume of 5 to 95% by volume, even more preferably a volume of 10 to 50% by volume, and most preferably a volume of 10 to 25% by volume, each based on the volume of the at least one hollow alumina-based component. The "volume" of the at least one hollow alumina-based component is the volume enclosed by the outer contour of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0027] At least one hollow alumina-based component may comprise one or more cavities as disclosed herein.Preferably, each hollow alumina-based component comprises one cavity, since hollow alumina-based components having only one cavity are particularly easy to manufacture.

[0028] The first layer may comprise one or more hollow alumina-based components. Preferably, the first layer comprises a plurality of hollow alumina-based components. According to a preferred embodiment, the first layer consists essentially of the hollow alumina-based components disclosed herein.

[0029] The alumina-based components of the first layer, i.e., at least one hollow alumina-based component of the first layer and the other alumina-based components, are based on alumina, i.e., aluminum oxide (Al2O3). In the sense of the present invention, "alumina-based" means that alumina is the main component of the alumina-based components, i.e., the alumina-based components contain alumina in a mass fraction greater than the mass fraction of any other component. Such alumina-based components have high tolerance to reducing high-temperature atmospheres. Therefore, by increasing the proportion of alumina in the alumina-based components, their tolerance to reducing high-temperature atmospheres can be improved. Therefore, according to one embodiment, the alumina content of the at least one hollow alumina-based component is at least 60% by mass relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0030] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the alumina content of the at least one hollow alumina-based component is at least 90 mass %, more preferably at least 97 mass %, and even more preferably at least 99 mass %, each relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0031] Preferably, in the at least one hollow alumina-based component, the amount of impurity oxides in the form of Fe2O3, SiO2 and CaO is small. Preferably, the total mass of Fe2O3, SiO2 and CaO in the at least one hollow alumina-based component is less than 10 mass%, more preferably less than 3 mass%, and even more preferably less than 1 mass%, relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the amount of Fe2O3 in the at least one hollow alumina-based component is less than 1 mass%, more preferably less than 0.5 mass%, and even more preferably less than 0.3 mass%, each relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the amount of SiO2 in at least one hollow alumina-based component is less than 40 mass%, more preferably less than 20 mass%, even more preferably less than 1 mass%, and more preferably less than 0.5 mass%, relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the amount of CaO in the at least one hollow alumina-based component is less than 10 mass %, and more preferably less than 7 mass %, relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component.

[0035] The chemical composition of the at least one hollow alumina-based component is determined according to ISO 12677 (material fired at 1,025° C.).

[0036] In general, the at least one hollow alumina-based component may be made from any alumina-based raw material. Preferably, the at least one hollow alumina-based component is made from molten alumina. Preferably, the at least one hollow alumina-based component is in the form of a sintered component, i.e. a component with a ceramic bond. Preferably, the at least one hollow alumina-based component is made from particles of molten alumina sintered together, i.e. the at least one hollow alumina-based component is made from molten alumina with a ceramic bond.

[0037] The at least one hollow alumina-based component preferably has a thermal conductivity at 1,200° C. of less than 3.50 W / mK, more preferably less than 3.30 W / mK, determined according to EN 821-2.

[0038] Preferably, all hollow alumina-based components exhibit at least one of the above-mentioned features of a hollow alumina-based component.

[0039] Preferably, the alumina-based component of the first layer has the above-mentioned chemical composition and the above-mentioned physical properties.

[0040] Preferably, the alumina based components form a masonry structure. In this case, the first layer represents a masonry structure formed by the alumina based components.

[0041] Particularly preferably, the alumina-based components form dry masonry. Such dry masonry is characterized in particular in that, in the masonry structure, adjacent alumina-based components are in direct contact with each other with their outer surfaces, i.e., in particular, not bonded to each other, such as by mortar or the like. In order to ensure the stability of such a masonry structure, the firm retention of the alumina-based components in the masonry structure can be ensured by mechanical means. According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that adjacent alumina-based components in the masonry structure have corresponding engagement means on their facing surfaces. Such engagement means can, for example, comprise corresponding protrusions and grooves formed on the mutually facing surfaces, by which adjacent components engage with each other to ensure the stability of the masonry structure. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided in this regard that, for example, the alumina-based components are connected to each other by a tongue-and-groove system. Such a tongue-and-groove system is characterized in that the tongue of the alumina-based component formed on the outer surface engages in a tongue groove formed on the mutually facing surfaces of the adjacent components. Such an embodiment is shown in detail in the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The masonry structure of the first layer preferably consists mainly of hollow alumina-based components.

[0043] Preferably, the first layer is allowed to be in direct contact with the reducing high temperature atmosphere. In this context, the first layer may be a so-called hot facing layer, i.e., a layer of the lining facing the hot atmosphere. Thus, the first layer is arranged in such a way that, when the thermal insulation lining according to the invention is used, it is in direct contact with the reducing high temperature atmosphere or directly faces it. In other words, when the thermal insulation lining according to the invention is used, the first layer is arranged to be in direct contact with the reducing high temperature atmosphere.

[0044] According to the present invention, it is found that during the use of the thermal insulation lining according to the present invention, when the first layer is in direct contact with a reducing high temperature atmosphere, the energy loss of the thermal insulation lining according to the present invention can be particularly effectively reduced. At the same time, the alumina-based component of the first layer can particularly effectively withstand the reducing high temperature atmosphere.

[0045] Preferably, the first layer is the outer or external layer of the thermal insulation lining according to the invention. This creates the possibility of allowing the first layer to be in direct contact with a reducing high temperature atmosphere when the thermal insulation lining is used.

[0046] According to one embodiment, at least one cavity is filled with an insulating material. Preferably, the insulating material comprises at least one of the following insulating materials: a gas or a low-density insulating material.

[0047] The gas that can be filled with the at least one cavity is preferably air or a process atmosphere, so that the at least one cavity here refers to a cavity that is filled with air or a process atmosphere, ie a reducing atmosphere that is present in the assembly in which the liner is used.

[0048] The thermal conductivity of the insulating material is lower than the thermal conductivity of the at least one hollow alumina-based component. Preferably, the insulating material is a low-density insulating material, more preferably at least one of the following low-density insulating loose materials or ceramic fiber materials.

[0049] The low-density insulating bulk material may be, for example, expanded perlite.

[0050] However, it is particularly preferred that the low-density insulation material is a ceramic fiber material. According to the invention, it has been found that the energy losses of the insulation lining according to the invention can be further significantly reduced by filling at least one cavity with such a ceramic fiber material.

[0051] Particularly preferably, the ceramic fiber material is made of ceramic fibers based on aluminum oxide. The term "based on aluminum oxide" is defined as above.

[0052] In addition to the first layer, the thermal insulation lining according to the present invention comprises at least one second layer, wherein the at least one second layer is made of a high temperature resistant material.

[0053] According to the invention, it has been found that energy losses through the insulating lining according to the invention can be particularly effectively suppressed when the insulating lining comprises at least two second layers. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is therefore provided that the at least one second layer comprises at least two second layers. In other words, according to this embodiment, the insulating lining comprises at least three layers, namely a first layer and at least two second layers.

[0054] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the high temperature resistant material is a refractory material, particularly preferably a refractory ceramic material. Particularly preferably, it is a refractory ceramic material which can be permanently exposed to temperatures above 600°C.

[0055] Preferably, the refractory material is based on alumina.

[0056] Preferably, the at least one second layer consists of at least 60 mass %, more preferably at least 80 mass %, of Al2O3, based on the total mass of the at least one second layer. The proportion of Al2O3 is determined according to ISO 12677 (substance fired at 1,025°C).

[0057] The high temperature resistant material, especially in the form of a ceramic refractory material, may preferably be at least one of the following materials: a refractory brick, a lightweight insulating brick or a refractory castable (ie, a refractory casting mix).

[0058] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one second layer comprises at least one layer of a refractory castable. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one second layer comprises at least one layer of an alumina-based refractory castable. Particularly preferably, the alumina-based refractory castable contains at least 85% by mass of Al2O3, determined according to ISO 12677 (substance fired at 1,025°C).

[0059] According to the invention, it has been found that energy losses can be further suppressed particularly effectively by the thermal insulation lining according to the invention if the lining comprises, in addition to the first layer, a further layer in the form of such an aluminum oxide-based casting mix.

[0060] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the at least one second layer comprises a layer of a castable, in particular a refractory ceramic castable based on aluminum oxide, as an outer layer of the thermal insulation lining.

[0061] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a thermal insulation lining according to the invention is provided, which comprises two opposing outer layers, a first of the outer layers being a first layer, and a second of the outer layers being a layer of at least one second layer, which is formed from a castable, in particular a refractory castable based on alumina, preferably having the features described above. Between the two outer layers, one or more further layers of at least one second layer may be arranged.

[0062] As described above, in this embodiment the first layer may particularly preferably be arranged in such a way that, during use of the insulating lining, it is in direct contact with the reducing high temperature atmosphere, while the castable layer forms the opposite outer surface of the insulating lining, ie the cold side.

[0063] The plurality of layers of the thermal insulation lining are arranged parallel to each other. In addition, the layers are arranged adjacent to each other, wherein adjacent layers are preferably in direct contact with each other, ie in contact or touch with each other at their surfaces facing each other.

[0064] An object of the present invention is the use of a hollow alumina-based component comprising at least one cavity in an insulating lining for insulation against reducing high-temperature atmospheres.

[0065] As described above, it has been found according to the invention that the thermal insulation lining according to the invention is particularly advantageous for use in thermal insulation linings for insulation against reducing high-temperature atmospheres.

[0066] According to the invention, it has been found that the insulating lining according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for insulating the reducing high temperature atmosphere of a hydrocarbon reforming process, in particular a secondary hydrocarbon reforming process. According to a preferred embodiment, it is therefore provided that hollow alumina-based components are used in the insulating lining for insulating the reducing high temperature atmosphere of a hydrocarbon reforming process, in particular preferably a secondary hydrocarbon reforming process.

[0067] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the secondary hydrocarbon reforming process is an autothermal reforming process (ATR), and a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is therefore the use of hollow alumina-based components in an insulating lining for insulating against a reducing high-temperature atmosphere in an autothermal reforming process. According to the present invention, it has been found that, due to its excellent insulating properties, the insulating lining is very suitable for ATRs, which, as is known, no longer require an external energy supply to maintain the process and therefore must be particularly well insulated.

[0068] In particular, the hollow alumina-based component used according to the present invention may have the features of at least one hollow alumina-based component of the thermal insulation lining according to the present invention as described above.

[0069] Furthermore, a thermal insulation lining in which a hollow alumina-based component is used may have the features of the thermal insulation component lining according to the present invention.

[0070] Another object of the invention is a reactor for a hydrocarbon reforming process comprising the following features:

[0071] Chamber;

[0072] means for providing a reducing high temperature atmosphere within the chamber for the hydrocarbon reforming process;

[0073] a wall surrounding the chamber; wherein

[0074] The wall comprises a thermally insulating lining according to the invention.

[0075] The hydrocarbon reforming process may in particular be a secondary hydrocarbon reforming process, and more preferably an autothermal reforming process. As known in the art, the chamber and apparatus of the reactor according to the present invention may be configured to provide a reducing high temperature atmosphere in the chamber to perform the corresponding process in the chamber.

[0076] Preferably, the reducing atmosphere is a synthesis gas based atmosphere, ie a gas mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) or nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2).

[0077] Another object of the present invention is a hydrocarbon reforming process comprising the following steps:

[0078] Providing a reactor according to the present invention;

[0079] providing a reducing high temperature atmosphere within the chamber for a hydrocarbon reforming process;

[0080] A hydrocarbon reforming process is performed within the chamber.

[0081] As mentioned previously, the hydrocarbon reforming process may particularly preferably be a secondary hydrocarbon reforming process, and particularly preferably be an autothermal reforming process.

[0082] These processes can be carried out in a chamber according to the prior art.

[0083] According to a preferred embodiment, the autothermal reforming process is the conversion of methane (CH4) to carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen. Preferably, the conversion is carried out by reaction of methane with at least one of: oxygen (O2), water vapor (H2O) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

[0084] Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following claims, the drawings and the accompanying description.

[0085] All features of the invention can be combined with one another individually or in any desired manner.

[0086] Embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following description.

[0087] The attached figure shows

[0088] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the stacking sequence of an exemplary embodiment of a liner according to the present invention;

[0089] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a reactor according to the present invention, the chamber of the reactor comprising Figure 1 Thermal insulation lining;

[0090] Figure 3 is based on Figure 1 A perspective view of a hollow alumina-based component of a first layer of an insulating liner;

[0091] Figure 4 is based on Figure 1 a perspective view of an alumina-based component of a first layer of a thermal insulation liner; and

[0092] Figure 5 is a detailed perspective view of a portion of the first layer of the lining.

[0093] Figure 1 A highly schematic embodiment of an insulating liner according to the invention is shown in cross-section, the section being perpendicular to the stacking sequence of the liner. Figure 1 The thermal insulation lining in the embodiment is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 1 .

[0094] The thermal insulation lining 1 comprises four layers 2, 3, 4, 5 in total, namely a first layer 2 and three second layers 3, 4, 5. The four layers 2, 3, 4, 5 are arranged parallel to and adjacent to each other.

[0095] The thermal insulation lining 1 comprises two opposing outer layers, namely ( Figure 1 The left side of the outer first layer 2 and ( Figure 1 On the right side in the figure) an outer second layer 5. Two further layers 3, 4 are arranged between these outer layers 2, 5, the second layer 3 being arranged next to the first layer 2, and the second layer 4 being arranged next to the second layer 5, and the second layers 3, 4 in turn being arranged next to each other.

[0096] The insulating lining 1 is arranged such that when the insulating lining 1 is in use, the reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 is in direct contact with the first layer 2. Therefore, the second layer 5 is arranged on the opposite outer side of the insulating lining 1, and therefore on the cold side.

[0097] The first layer 2 includes Figure 3 , 4 Alumina based components 101, 201 shown in FIG.

[0098] The alumina-based component 101, 201 of the first layer 2 comprises Figure 3 A hollow alumina-based component 101 is shown. The alumina-based component 101, 201 is provided as a prefabricated brick, manufactured by pressing, firing, and then provided for the manufacture of the thermal insulation lining 1.

[0099] The hollow alumina-based components 101 have a generally cuboid outer profile having a rear side 102, an opposite front side 103, a top side 106, an opposite bottom side 107, a left side 104, and an opposite right side 105. Each hollow alumina-based component 101 includes a cavity 108. The cavity 108 is substantially channel-shaped and has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel or cavity 108. The cavity 108 extends through the hollow alumina-based component 101 between the opposite top surface 106 and the bottom surface 107, and is open to each of the top surface 106 and the bottom surface 107. The cavity 108 has a diameter of approximately 0.67 dm. 3 %, which is about 15 volume % of the volume of the hollow alumina-based component 101.

[0100] The hollow alumina-based component 101 is made of sintered fused magnesia and has the following chemical composition, determined according to ISO 12677 (fired mass at 1,025° C.), relative to the total mass of the hollow alumina-based component 101:

[0101] A12O3: 99.3% by mass

[0102] Others: 0.7% by mass

[0103] The presence ratio of each oxide other than Al2O3 is less than 0.3 mass %.

[0104] The hollow alumina-based component 101 has an open porosity of 17.5% by volume (according to ISO 5017) and a thermal conductivity of 3.15 W / m·K at 1,200° C. (according to EN 821-2).

[0105] In the embodiment shown, the cavity 108 is filled with ceramic fibers (not shown in the figure). Ceramic fibers are aluminum oxide based fibers having a chemical composition of 96 mass % Al2O3.

[0106] In addition to the hollow alumina-based component 101, the first layer 2 also includes an alumina-based component 201. The alumina-based component 201 is made of the same material as the hollow alumina-based component 101, and therefore has the same chemical and physical properties as the hollow alumina-based component 101. The alumina-based component 201 has a substantially cubic outer contour.

[0107] The hollow alumina-based component 101 has a tongue groove 109 and a tongue 110 on its surface. The alumina-based component 201 also has a tongue groove 202 and a tongue 203 on its surface.

[0108] exist Figure 3 and 4In the embodiment, the hollow alumina-based component 101 and the alumina-based component 201 are not shown in their use position, ie in the position in which they are used in the thermal insulation lining 1. The use position is Figure 5 Shown in.

[0109] Figure 5 A portion of the first layer 2 of the thermal insulation lining 1 is shown in detail. Figure 5 As shown, in the first layer 2, the alumina-based components 201 and the hollow alumina-based components 101 form a seamless masonry structure. The tongue 109 and the tongue 110 of the hollow alumina-based component 101 interlock with the tongue 202 and the tongue 203 of the alumina-based component 201 of the adjacent alumina-based components 101, 201 to provide a mechanically stable seamless masonry structure. In the embodiment shown, the hollow alumina-based components 101 are arranged in five rows above and below, wherein in each of the five rows, the hollow alumina-based components 101 are arranged one beside the other. The five rows are arranged one above the other, each offset by half the width of the front side 103 of the hollow alumina-based component 101, giving the masonry structure additional stability. On the top row of the five rows of hollow alumina-based components 101 , the alumina-based components 201 are arranged in such a way that the cavities 108 are closed by the alumina-based components 201 on the top surface 106 .

[0110] In the first layer 2 , the hollow alumina-based components 101 are each arranged so that the front side 103 faces the reducing high-temperature atmosphere 6 and the top side 106 faces upward.

[0111] The second layer 5 of the insulating lining 1 opposite the first layer 2 consists of a hydraulically binding refractory ceramic castable, a lightweight raw material having the following chemical composition (determined according to ISO 12677 on a material fired at 1,025° C.):

[0112] Al2O3: 65.0 mass%

[0113] SiO2: 24.7% by mass

[0114] CaO: 8.2 mass%

[0115] Others: 2.1% by mass

[0116] The presence ratio of each oxide other than Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO is less than 0.8 mass %.

[0117] The layer 4 adjacent to the second layer 5 also consists of a hollow sphere fused alumina refractory ceramic castable having the following chemical composition (determined according to ISO 12677 on material fired at 1,025° C.):

[0118] Al2O3: 92.0 mass%

[0119] CaO: 6.6 mass%

[0120] Others: 1.4% by mass

[0121] Each oxide except Al2O3 and CaO is present in a proportion of less than 0.6 mass%.

[0122] According to Dr.Klasse (Klasse, F.; Heinz, A.; Hein, J.: Vergleichsverfahren zurEmittlung der keramischer Werkstoffe. Ber. DKG 34 (1957), S. 183-189) has a thermal conductivity of 0.89 W / mK at 1,200°C.

[0123] Layer 3 is located between layer 4 and first layer 2 and consists of ceramic bonded bricks of hollow sphere fused alumina. The bricks of layer 3 have the following chemical composition according to ISO 12677 (material fired at 1,025°C):

[0124] Al2O3: 99.0% by mass

[0125] Others: 1.0 mass%

[0126] The presence ratio of each oxide other than Al2O3 is less than 0.7 mass %.

[0127] The thermal conductivity according to ASTM C182 at 1,200°C is 1.17 W / mK.

[0128] The thermal insulation layers have only a small thickness, wherein the first layer 2 has a thickness of 175 mm, the layer 3 has a thickness of 116 mm, the layer 4 has a thickness of 136 mm and the layer 5 has a thickness of 150 mm.

[0129] The insulating lining 1 shown in the embodiment is used for a reducing high temperature atmosphere of an adiabatic autothermal reforming process (ATR). Figure 2 The reactor used to carry out this autothermal reforming process is shown in highly schematic form.

[0130] according to Figure 2 The reactor 301 includes a chamber 302 and a device 303, through which a reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 is provided for performing an autothermal reforming process in the chamber 302. The chamber 302 is surrounded by a wall 304. The wall 304 includes Figure 1 , 34 and 5. The insulating liner 1 is arranged so that the first layer 2 faces the chamber 302 or the reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 formed in the chamber 302, so that the first layer 2 directly contacts the reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 during the operation of the reactor 301.

[0131] According to an embodiment, a reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 is provided in the chamber 302 by means 303. The temperature of this atmosphere is about 1,250° C. The atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere based on synthesis gas, ie a gas mixture based on carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ).

[0132] The reducing high temperature atmosphere 6 can be well insulated by the thermal insulation lining 1. The temperature of the side of the first layer 2 facing the layer 3 was only 943° C. The temperature of the outer surface of the outer layer 5 was only 148° C. At the same time, the thermal insulation lining 1 proved to be mechanically stable, wherein the first layer 2 proved to withstand the reducing high temperature atmosphere 6.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation lining (1) for insulating a reducing high temperature atmosphere (6), comprising the following features: 1.1 Multiple layers (2, 3, 4, 5), wherein the multiple layers (2, 3, 4, 5) 1.1.1 parallel arrangement, and 1.1.2, adjacent to each other; 1.2 The plurality of layers (2, 3, 4, 5) include a first layer (2) and at least one second layer (3, 4,5); among which 1.3 The at least one second layer (3, 4, 5) 1.3.1 Contains high temperature resistant materials, and 1.3.2 includes at least two layers; wherein 1.4 The first layer (2) 1.4.1 A component (101, 201) comprising aluminum oxide, wherein 1.4.2 The alumina-based component (101, 201) comprises at least one hollow alumina-based component (101), wherein the at least one hollow alumina-based component (101) comprises at least one cavity (108), wherein 1.4.3 The alumina-based components (101, 201) form a masonry structure, and in 1.4.4 The alumina based component (101) provides a mortise and tenon system.

2. The thermal insulating lining (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the alumina content of the at least one hollow alumina-based component (101) is at least 60% by mass, relative to the mass of the at least one hollow alumina-based component (101).

3. The thermal insulating lining (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the volume of the at least one cavity (108) is at least 5% by volume relative to the volume of the at least one hollow alumina-based component (101).

4. The thermal insulating lining (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the high temperature resistant material is a refractory material.

5. The thermal insulating lining (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the high temperature resistant material is based on aluminum oxide.

6. Use of a hollow alumina-based component (101) comprising at least one cavity (108) in an insulating lining (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims for insulating against reducing high-temperature atmospheres (6).

7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the reducing high temperature atmosphere (6) is a reducing high temperature atmosphere of a hydrocarbon reforming process, preferably a secondary hydrocarbon reforming process.

8. A reactor (301) for a hydrocarbon reforming process, comprising the following features: 8.1 Chamber (302); 8.2 means (303) for providing a reducing high temperature atmosphere (6) in the chamber (302) for the hydrocarbon reforming process; 8.3 A wall (304) surrounding the chamber (302); wherein 8.4 The wall (304) comprises a thermal insulating lining (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A hydrocarbon reforming method comprising the following steps: A. Providing a reactor (301) according to claim 8; B. providing a reducing high temperature atmosphere (6) for a hydrocarbon reforming process in the chamber (302); C. A hydrocarbon reforming process is performed within the chamber (302).

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