Method for collecting and domesticating germplasm resources of genuine Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention provides a genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material germplasm resource collection and domestication method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seeds of wild genuine traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and artificially culturing to obtain a plant A; collecting branches of wild genuine traditional Chinese medicinal materials as scions, taking the plant A as a stock, grafting the scions on the stock to obtain grafted plants, continuing to cultivate the grafted plants, and removing diseased plants and dead plants to obtain a plant B; pollen on stamens of wild genuine traditional Chinese medicinal materials is collected to carry out artificial pollination on pistils on scions of the plant B; collecting seeds on the scion of the plant B, and artificially cultivating to obtain a plant C; performing cutting seedling raising on the collected branches of the plant C in an artificial cultivation land, cultivating for more than one year, removing diseased plants and dead plants to obtain a plant D, enabling the plant D to naturally grow in the artificial cultivation land, and collecting and storing seeds after the seeds on the plant D are mature, thereby completing collection and domestication of genuine medicinal material germplasm resources. According to the method, the seed germination rate and the plant survival rate of the domesticated genuine traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be obviously increased, and waste of germplasm resources of field genuine medicinal materials is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wild medicinal material resource collection, and in particular relates to a method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources. Background Art

[0002] Authentic Chinese medicinal materials, also known as authentic Chinese medicinal materials, are synonymous with high-quality Chinese medicinal materials. They refer to medicinal materials with excellent quality and efficacy. This concept originates from production and clinical practice of Chinese medicine. It has been confirmed by countless clinical practices of Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It is a unique comprehensive standard for distinguishing the quality of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials from ancient times. The authenticity of Chinese medicinal materials refers to the Chinese medicinal materials that have been selected through long-term clinical application of Chinese medicine, produced in a specific region, and have better quality and efficacy and stable quality compared with the same Chinese medicinal materials produced in other regions. Taking Zunyi City as an example, the authentic medicinal materials included include Suiyang Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Chishui Nobile Dendrobium, Zheng'an Bletilla, Daozhen Luo Codonopsis, Daozhen Scrophularia, Bozhou Eucommia, etc.

[0003] Germplasm resources are formed in the long-term process of natural selection and artificial selection. They carry a variety of genes and are an indispensable source of basic materials for breeding. As the demand for authentic medicinal materials continues to increase, it is difficult to meet human needs with only wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials, so the number of artificially cultivated authentic medicinal materials continues to increase. The increase in the number of cultivations has brought new problems. Due to the increase in the number of planting generations, breeding units and breeders use some gene resources with the same genetic basis in the breeding of authentic medicinal materials, which leads to the homogenization of the genetic basis of cultivated varieties, resulting in the current artificial cultivation of authentic medicinal materials. The resistance is fragile, the opportunity for favorable gene recombination is reduced, and the breeding work is stagnant. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the collection of wild authentic medicinal germplasm resources to provide high-quality germplasm resources for the artificial cultivation of authentic medicinal materials.

[0004] For the collected wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources, since there are differences in natural conditions between the subsequent planting sites and the original sites of the wild authentic medicinal materials, they need to be domesticated to improve their survival rate in artificial cultivation. The current conventional domestication method is to use the collected wild authentic medicinal material seeds as the basis for domestication, and through multiple generations of selection, gradually screen out cultivated plants that adapt to human needs. This domestication method has low seed germination rate and plant survival rate, resulting in a waste of wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources to overcome the shortcomings of existing domestication methods.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources comprises the following steps: collecting seeds of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials and artificially cultivating them to obtain plant A; collecting branches of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials as scions, using plant A as a rootstock, disinfecting the cuts between the scion and the rootstock, grafting the scion onto the rootstock to obtain a grafted plant, continuing to cultivate the grafted plant, and removing diseased and dead plants to obtain plant B; collecting pollen on the stamens of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials to artificially pollinate the pistils on the scion of plant B; collecting seeds on the scion of plant B to artificially cultivate plant C; carrying out cutting seedling cultivation of the collected branches of plant C in an artificial cultivation site, removing diseased and dead plants after cultivation for more than one year to obtain plant D, allowing plant D to grow naturally in the artificial cultivation site, and collecting and preserving the seeds on plant D after they mature, thereby completing the collection and domestication of authentic medicinal material germplasm resources.

[0007] Furthermore, the cultivation steps of plant A are: collecting seeds of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials and raising seedlings in artificial cultivation sites, then selecting strong seedlings from the surviving seedlings and transplanting them to artificial cultivation sites for cultivation for 2-5 months, and then selecting plants with good growth and thick branches and trunks to continue cultivating to obtain plant A, thereby obtaining plants that have adapted to the environment of artificial cultivation sites.

[0008] Furthermore, the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide seeds for cultivating plant A and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide scion are the same strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plant, and the scion and the rootstock are homologous, which reduces rejection reactions and improves the survival rate of the scion; the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide scion and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide stamen pollen are strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains.

[0009] Furthermore, after the grafted plant survives (after obtaining plant B), 1-3 downward-inclined drug inlet holes are punched on the rootstock, a needle for infusion is inserted into each hole, and the drug inlet hole and the needle are tightly wrapped with a plastic film, and the other end of the needle is connected to a catheter with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and a length greater than 50 cm. The catheter is coiled around the outside of the rootstock and located above the needle, and the other end of the catheter is blocked by a stopper. The catheter is filled with liquid medicine, and the steps of adding the liquid medicine are as follows: fresh leaves of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials of the same species but different strains as the scion are taken and crushed, centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5, and the liquid medicine is stably and continuously added to the rootstock through the catheter.

[0010] Furthermore, before artificial pollination of the pistil on the scion of plant B, plant B is also subjected to stress resistance cultivation, which includes drought resistance cultivation, waterlogging resistance cultivation, cold resistance cultivation and disease resistance cultivation.

[0011] Furthermore, the drought-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to below 10% and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation. The flood-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to above 90% and maintaining it for 0.5-1.5 days, restoring the humidity to below 80, and then controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to above 90% and maintaining it for 1-3 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation. The cold-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to below 0°C and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation. The disease-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, using common plant pathogens to infect the grafted plants for 7-15 days, and then spraying and sterilizing with Chinese medicine, removing and burning the dead plants, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation.

[0012] Furthermore, the cultivation steps of the plant C are: using the seeds collected from the scion of plant B to grow seedlings in an artificial cultivation site, then selecting strong seedlings from the surviving seedlings and transplanting them to an artificial cultivation site for cultivation, and obtaining plant C after removing diseased and dead plants to obtain a well-tamed plant.

[0013] Furthermore, there is at least one cutting on the grafted plant and all of them come from the same plant, so as to improve the utilization rate of plant A and increase the survival rate of the cuttings.

[0014] Furthermore, after obtaining plant B, three downward-inclined drug inlet holes are punched on the rootstock, a needle for infusion is inserted into each hole, and the drug inlet hole and the needle are tightly wrapped with a plastic film, and the other end of the needle is connected to a catheter with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and a length of more than 50 cm, the catheter is spiraled around the rootstock and located above the needle, and the other end of the catheter is blocked by a plug, and the catheter is filled with liquid medicine. The steps for preparing the liquid medicine are: fresh leaves of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains as the scion are crushed, centrifuged, filtered, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:5.

[0015] The present invention is based on the collected wild authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources, and gradually realizes the domestication of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials through grafting, hybridization, cuttings and other means. After domestication, the seed germination rate and plant survival rate of the domesticated authentic Chinese medicinal materials can be significantly improved, thereby avoiding the waste of wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources. Under the premise of enhancing and retaining the authenticity of the wild authentic medicinal materials as much as possible, the acquisition rate of wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources is improved, thereby avoiding the waste of wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1The present invention provides a flow chart of the method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is an explanation of the implementation of the present invention by specific specific embodiments. People familiar with the technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1 The embodiment shown provides a method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect seeds of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials and grow seedlings in artificial cultivation sites. Then select strong seedlings from the surviving seedlings and transplant them to artificial cultivation sites for cultivation for 2-5 months. Then select plants with good growth and strong branches and trunks to continue to cultivate to obtain plant A.

[0020] S2. Collect branches of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials as scions (the scions need to be disinfected before each cutting of branches), use plant A as the rootstock (remove all the side branches around the rootstock, and the knife for removing the side branches needs to be disinfected before cutting the side branches), graft the scion on the rootstock to obtain a grafted plant, the rootstock length is more than 30 cm, the diameter is more than 2 cm, and then the grafting ports are cut at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm from the ground surface, and the positions of adjacent grafting ports are staggered, and then the scion is inserted into the grafting port for grafting. After the grafting is completed, the grafted plant is continued to be cultivated, and the diseased and dead plants are removed to obtain plant B. There is at least one cutting on the grafted plant and they all come from the same plant. The wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide seeds for cultivating plant A and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide scions are the same strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal material plants. Through this step, the wild authentic Chinese medicinal material resources are initially adapted to the climatic environment of the artificial cultivation site, and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal material resources that can survive in the artificial cultivation site are initially domesticated.

[0021] S3. During the flowering period, pollen from the stamens of the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials is collected to artificially pollinate the pistils on the scion of plant B (before artificial pollination, the stamens on the scion of plant B are removed). The wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide the scion and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide the stamen pollen are strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains. This step strengthens the authenticity of the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials that survive in artificial cultivation.

[0022] S4. Seeds collected from the scion of plant B are used to grow seedlings in an artificial cultivation field, and then strong seedlings are selected from the surviving seedlings and transplanted to an artificial cultivation field for cultivation, and diseased and dead plants are removed to obtain plant C. This step screens and domesticates wild authentic Chinese medicinal resources that can fully adapt to the soil and climate environment of the artificial cultivation field and can effectively survive in the artificial cultivation field.

[0023] S5. The collected branches of plant C are propagated as cuttings in an artificial cultivation area, and plant D is obtained after more than one year of cultivation and removal of diseased and dead plants. Plant D is allowed to grow naturally in the artificial cultivation area, and after the seeds on plant D mature, the seeds are collected and preserved, completing the collection and domestication of authentic medicinal material germplasm resources. A large number of wild authentic medicinal material germplasm resources are obtained through this step. Example 2

[0024] In order to enhance and strengthen the authenticity of the cultivated authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources, after the grafted plants survived (after obtaining plant B), three downward-sloping drug holes were punched on the rootstock (the drug holes were 4 cm, 9 cm and 14 cm from the ground respectively), an infusion needle was inserted into each hole and the drug hole and the needle were tightly wrapped with plastic film, and the other end of the needle was connected to a catheter with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and a length of more than 50 cm. The catheter was coiled around the outside of the rootstock and located above the needle, and the other end of the catheter was blocked with a plug. The catheter is filled with liquid medicine, and the steps for preparing the liquid medicine are as follows: fresh leaves of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains as the scion are crushed, centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5, and the liquid medicine is stably and continuously added to the rootstock through the catheter, the rootstock is assimilated with the liquid medicine of the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials grown in the wild, and the liquid medicine is transported to the cuttings by the rootstock to enhance the authenticity of the cuttings; at the same time, the ability of the rootstock to adapt to the environment of artificial cultivation is used to cultivate wild authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources. Example 3

[0025] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 or 2 is that: Before artificial pollination of the pistil on the scion of plant B, plant B is also subjected to stress resistance cultivation, which includes drought resistance cultivation, waterlogging resistance cultivation, cold resistance cultivation and disease resistance cultivation.

[0026] The drought-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to be below 10% and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation.

[0027] The waterlogging-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil humidity in the greenhouse to above 90% and maintaining it for 0.5-1.5 days, restoring the humidity to below 80, and then controlling the soil humidity in the greenhouse to above 90% and maintaining it for 1-3 days, and then taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation.

[0028] The cold-resistance cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 0° C. and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and then taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation.

[0029] The disease-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, infecting the grafted plant with common plant pathogens for 7-15 days, spraying and sterilizing with Chinese medicinal agents, removing and burning the dead plants, and taking the surviving plants for continued normal cultivation.

[0030] Other aspects of the present invention that are not described in detail are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0032] The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific implementation methods. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Plant A was obtained by collecting seeds of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials and artificially cultivating them; The branches of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials are collected as scions, plant A is used as a rootstock, the scions are grafted onto the rootstock to obtain a grafted plant, the grafted plant is further cultivated, and the diseased and dead plants are removed to obtain plant B; Collect pollen from the stamens of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials to artificially pollinate the pistils on the scion of plant B; The seeds on the scion of plant B were collected and artificially cultivated to obtain plant C; The branches of plant C collected are used for cutting seedling cultivation in an artificial cultivation site. After being cultivated for more than one year and removing diseased and dead plants, plant D is obtained. Plant D is allowed to grow naturally in the artificial cultivation site. After the seeds on plant D mature, the seeds are collected and preserved, completing the collection and domestication of authentic medicinal germplasm resources.

2. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: The cultivation steps of the plant A are as follows: collecting seeds of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials and raising seedlings in an artificial cultivation site, then selecting strong seedlings from the surviving seedlings and transplanting them to an artificial cultivation site for cultivation for 2-5 months, and then selecting plants with good growth and thick branches and trunks to continue cultivating to obtain plant A.

3. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: The wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide seeds for cultivating plant A and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide scion are the same strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plant; the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide scion and the wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials used to provide stamen pollen are strong wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains.

4. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: After the grafted plant survives, 1-3 downward-inclined drug holes are punched on the rootstock, a needle for infusion is inserted into each hole, and the drug hole and the needle are tightly wrapped with a plastic film, the other end of the needle is connected to a catheter with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and a length of more than 50 cm, the catheter is spiraled around the outside of the rootstock and located above the needle, the other end of the catheter is blocked by a plug, and the catheter is filled with liquid medicine, and the steps of adding the liquid medicine are as follows: fresh leaves of wild authentic Chinese medicinal materials plants of the same species but different strains as the scion are taken and crushed, centrifuged and filtered, the filtrate obtained by filtration is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5, and the liquid medicine is stably and continuously added to the rootstock through the catheter.

5. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: Before artificial pollination of the pistil on the scion of plant B, plant B is also subjected to stress resistance cultivation, which includes drought resistance cultivation, waterlogging resistance cultivation, cold resistance cultivation and disease resistance cultivation.

6. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 5, Features: The drought-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to be below 10% and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation; the flood-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to be above 90% and maintaining it for 0.5-1.5 days, restoring the humidity to below 80, and then controlling the soil moisture in the greenhouse to be above 90% and maintaining it for 1-3 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation; the cold-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 0°C and maintaining it for 7-15 days, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation; the disease-resistant cultivation refers to cultivating plant B in a greenhouse, using common plant pathogens to infect the grafted plants for 7-15 days, and then spraying and sterilizing with Chinese medicine, removing and burning the dead plants, and taking the surviving plants to continue normal cultivation.

7. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The cultivation steps of the plant C are as follows: using the seeds collected from the scion of the plant B to grow seedlings in an artificial cultivation site, then selecting strong seedlings from the surviving seedlings and transplanting them to an artificial cultivation site for cultivation, and obtaining the plant C after removing the diseased and dead plants.

8. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: There is at least one cutting on the grafted plant, and all cuttings are from the same plant.

9. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 1, Features: After obtaining plant B, three downward-slanting drug holes were punched on the rootstock, an infusion needle was inserted into each hole, and the drug hole and the needle were tightly wrapped with plastic film. The other end of the needle was connected to a catheter with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and a length of more than 50 cm. The catheter was coiled around the outside of the rootstock and located above the needle. The other end of the catheter was sealed with a stopper, and the catheter was filled with liquid medicine.

10. The method for collecting and domesticating authentic Chinese medicinal material germplasm resources according to claim 9, Features: The steps of preparing the medicinal solution are as follows: fresh leaves of wild authentic Chinese medicinal material plants of the same species but different strains as the scion are crushed, centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5.

Images