Method for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight

Abstract

The invention provides a control method for asparagus stem blight, and relates to the technical field of plant disease control. The asparagus stem blight prevention and control method comprises the following steps: selecting a bred asparagus variety with relatively strong resistance to stem blight for planting, carrying out soil treatment, carrying out fertilizer and water management on the asparagus variety, and pruning; before asparagus is planted, beneficial microbial agents are applied into soil, pesticides are sprayed regularly for prevention and treatment, and once diseases are found, targeted bactericides are sprayed in time; monitoring points are set in different areas of a field, the growth condition of asparagus plants is observed regularly, monitoring data are analyzed, the occurrence trend of diseases is found in time, and prevention and control measures are adjusted. According to the method, the incidence rate of the asparagus stem blight is effectively reduced by comprehensively applying multiple measures such as disease-resistant variety selection, soil treatment, reasonable planting density, fertilizer and water management, pruning and pruning, beneficial microorganism introduction, natural enemy protection, chemical prevention and control, enhanced monitoring and physical prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight. Background Art

[0002] Asparagus is an important economic crop and is loved by consumers for its high nutritional value. However, asparagus stem blight is one of the common diseases caused by a variety of fungi, among which Phomopsis asparagus is the main pathogen. This disease can cause a serious reduction in asparagus yield or even a total crop failure.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control methods of asparagus stem blight mainly include chemical control, agricultural control and biological control, but these methods have certain limitations, such as chemical control easily leads to pesticide residues and environmental pollution, agricultural control effect is not significant, and the scope of application of biological control is limited. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable method for the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, which solves the problems of insignificant effect and limited application scope of the prevention and control method.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Preparation before planting:

[0009] Choose asparagus varieties that have been selected for resistance to stem blight and treat the soil;

[0010] Step 2: Field management:

[0011] According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density is reasonably determined, and the asparagus varieties are managed for fertilizer and water, and pruning and branching are carried out.

[0012] Step 3: Biological control:

[0013] Introducing beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents into the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance;

[0014] Utilize natural enemies: protect and utilize predatory and parasitic insects to control the number of pests and indirectly reduce the occurrence of diseases;

[0015] Step 4: Chemical control:

[0016] In the early growth stage: spray pesticides regularly for prevention and control, specifically: spray pesticides every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times;

[0017] Disease period: Once the disease is found, spray targeted fungicides in time, specifically: spray the agent once every 3-5 days, and spray 1-2 times continuously;

[0018] Step 5: Strengthen monitoring:

[0019] Establish monitoring points: Set up monitoring points in different areas of the field to regularly observe the growth of asparagus plants;

[0020] Data analysis: Analyze monitoring data to promptly identify trends in disease occurrence and adjust prevention and control measures.

[0021] Preferably, in step one, the soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased and residual bodies, and spreading 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil.

[0022] Preferably, in step 2, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 1.5-2 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.25-0.3 meters.

[0023] Preferably, in step 2, the fertilizer and water management includes: applying fertilizers reasonably according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increasing the application of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; the pruning and branching includes: removing diseased branches, weak branches and overcrowded branches in time to keep the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

[0024] Preferably, in step three, the beneficial microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma.

[0025] Preferably, in step 4, the agent includes 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder.

[0026] Preferably, in step 4, the fungicide includes difenoconazole and myclobutanil.

[0027] Preferably, the method for controlling asparagus stem blight also includes physical control, specifically:

[0028] High temperature and stuffy greenhouse: In the hot summer season, using a sealed greenhouse to keep the temperature and stuffy can effectively kill germs;

[0029] Ultraviolet irradiation: In the early stages of the disease, use ultraviolet lamps to irradiate asparagus plants to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

[0030] (III) Beneficial effects

[0031] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. Through the comprehensive use of disease-resistant variety selection, soil treatment, reasonable planting density, fertilizer and water management, pruning and branch removal, introduction of beneficial microorganisms, natural enemy protection, chemical control, enhanced monitoring and physical control, the incidence of asparagus stem blight has been effectively reduced and the prevention and control effect has been improved.

[0033] 2. The present invention reduces the use of chemical pesticides, avoids pesticide residues and environmental pollution problems, conforms to the current development trend of green agriculture, and through the combination of biological control and physical control, not only effectively controls diseases in the short term, but also helps to maintain ecological balance in the long term and achieve sustainable development.

[0034] In summary, the present invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, which can not only effectively control the occurrence of the disease, but also has the advantages of environmental protection, sustainability and economy, and is of great significance to promoting the healthy development of the asparagus industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the control method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Preparation before planting:

[0040] Choose disease-resistant varieties: Select asparagus varieties that have been selected to be highly resistant to stem blight for planting, and carry out soil treatment. Specifically, soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased residues, and spreading 100 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil;

[0041] Step 2: Field management:

[0042] According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density is reasonably determined. Specifically, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 1.5 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.25 meters;

[0043] Carry out fertilizer and water management for asparagus varieties. Specifically, fertilizer and water management includes: reasonable fertilization according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0044] And carry out pruning and branch pruning. Specifically, the pruning and branch pruning includes: timely removing diseased branches, weak branches and overcrowded branches, and keeping the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

[0045] Step 3: Biological control:

[0046] Introducing beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents (including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma) to the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance;

[0047] Utilize natural enemies: protect and utilize predatory and parasitic insects to control the number of pests and indirectly reduce the occurrence of diseases;

[0048] Step 4: Chemical control:

[0049] In the early growth stage: spray pesticides regularly for prevention and control, including 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. Specifically: spray the pesticides once every 7 days, and spray them twice in a row;

[0050] Disease period: Once the disease is found, spray targeted fungicides (including difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in time, specifically: spray the agent once every 3 days, and spray it continuously for 1 time;

[0051] Step 5: Strengthen monitoring:

[0052] Establish monitoring points: Set up monitoring points in different areas of the field to regularly observe the growth of asparagus plants;

[0053] Data analysis: Analyze monitoring data to promptly identify trends in disease occurrence and adjust prevention and control measures.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Preparation before planting:

[0057] Choose disease-resistant varieties: Select asparagus varieties that have been selected to be highly resistant to stem blight for planting, and carry out soil treatment. Specifically, soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased residues, and spreading 130 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil;

[0058] Step 2: Field management:

[0059] According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density is reasonably determined. Specifically, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 1.8 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.28 meters;

[0060] Carry out fertilizer and water management for asparagus varieties. Specifically, fertilizer and water management includes: reasonable fertilization according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0061] And carry out pruning and branch pruning. Specifically, the pruning and branch pruning includes: timely removing diseased branches, weak branches and overcrowded branches, and keeping the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

[0062] Step 3: Biological control:

[0063] Introducing beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents (including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma) to the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance;

[0064] Utilize natural enemies: protect and utilize predatory and parasitic insects to control the number of pests and indirectly reduce the occurrence of diseases;

[0065] Step 4: Chemical control:

[0066] In the early growth stage: spray pesticides regularly for prevention and control, including 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. Specifically: spray the pesticides once every 8 days, and spray them twice in a row;

[0067] Disease period: Once the disease is found, spray targeted fungicides (including difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in time, specifically: spray the agent once every 4 days, and spray it continuously for 1 time;

[0068] Step 5: Strengthen monitoring:

[0069] Establish monitoring points: Set up monitoring points in different areas of the field to regularly observe the growth of asparagus plants;

[0070] Data analysis: Analyze monitoring data to promptly identify trends in disease occurrence and adjust prevention and control measures.

[0071] Embodiment three:

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, comprising the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Preparation before planting:

[0074] Choose disease-resistant varieties: Select asparagus varieties that have been selected to be highly resistant to stem blight for planting, and carry out soil treatment. Specifically, soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased residues, and spreading 150 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil;

[0075] Step 2: Field management:

[0076] According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density is reasonably determined. Specifically, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 2 meters and the plant spacing is 0.3 meters;

[0077] Carry out fertilizer and water management for asparagus varieties. Specifically, fertilizer and water management includes: reasonable fertilization according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0078] And carry out pruning and branch pruning. Specifically, the pruning and branch pruning includes: timely removing diseased branches, weak branches and overcrowded branches, and keeping the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

[0079] Step 3: Biological control:

[0080] Introducing beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents (including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma) to the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance;

[0081] Utilize natural enemies: protect and utilize predatory and parasitic insects to control the number of pests and indirectly reduce the occurrence of diseases;

[0082] Step 4: Chemical control:

[0083] In the early growth stage: spray pesticides regularly for prevention and control, including 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. Specifically: spray the pesticides once every 10 days for 3 consecutive times;

[0084] Disease period: Once the disease is found, spray targeted fungicides (including difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in time, specifically: spray the agent once every 5 days, and spray twice in a row;

[0085] Step 5: Strengthen monitoring:

[0086] Establish monitoring points: Set up monitoring points in different areas of the field to regularly observe the growth of asparagus plants;

[0087] Data analysis: Analyze monitoring data to promptly identify trends in disease occurrence and adjust prevention and control measures.

[0088] Embodiment 4:

[0089] On the basis of Example 1, Example 2 or Example 3, the method for controlling asparagus stem blight also includes physical control, specifically:

[0090] High temperature and stuffy greenhouse: In the hot summer season, using a sealed greenhouse to keep the temperature and stuffy can effectively kill germs;

[0091] Ultraviolet irradiation: In the early stages of the disease, use ultraviolet lamps to irradiate asparagus plants to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

[0092] Comparative Example:

[0093] A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight comprises the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: Preparation before planting:

[0095] Choose disease-resistant varieties: Select asparagus varieties that have been selected to be highly resistant to stem blight for planting, and carry out soil treatment. Specifically, soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased residues, and spreading 100 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil;

[0096] Step 2: Field management:

[0097] According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density is reasonably determined. Specifically, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 1.5 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.25 meters;

[0098] Carry out fertilizer and water management for asparagus varieties. Specifically, fertilizer and water management includes: reasonable fertilization according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0099] And carry out pruning and branch pruning. Specifically, the pruning and branch pruning includes: timely removing diseased branches, weak branches and overcrowded branches, and keeping the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

[0100] Step 3: Biological control:

[0101] Introduce beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents (including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma) into the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance.

[0102] Experimental example:

[0103] The effects of the control in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and the comparative example were analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0104] Example Control rate (%) Yield increase rate (%) Disease Embodiment 1 77.5 32.1 No disease Embodiment 2 77.1 31.9 No disease Embodiment 3 77.6 32.1 No disease Embodiment 4 78.4 33.0 No disease Comparative Example 57.7 11.2 The diseased area is more than 30%

[0105] As can be seen from the above table, the asparagus stem blight control method of the present invention can significantly improve the disease resistance of asparagus, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and thus improve the yield and quality of asparagus. The control rates of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all above 77%, the yield increase rate is above 31%, and no obvious disease occurrence is found in field observations. In contrast, the control rate of the comparative example is only 57.7%, the yield increase rate is only 11.2%, and the diseased area reaches more than 30%, which seriously affects the yield and quality of asparagus.

[0106] In summary, the incidence of asparagus stem blight has been effectively reduced through the comprehensive use of disease-resistant variety selection, soil treatment, reasonable planting density, fertilizer and water management, pruning and branch removal, introduction of beneficial microorganisms, natural enemy protection, chemical control, enhanced monitoring and physical control, thereby increasing the yield and quality of asparagus and improving the prevention and control effect.

[0107] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation before planting: Choose asparagus varieties that have been selected for resistance to stem blight and treat the soil; Step 2: Field management: According to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, the planting density should be reasonably determined, and fertilizer and water management should be carried out for the asparagus variety, and pruning and branch removal should be carried out; Step 3: Biological control: Introducing beneficial microorganisms: Before planting asparagus, apply beneficial microbial agents into the soil to enhance the plant's disease resistance; Utilize natural enemies: protect and utilize predatory and parasitic insects to control the number of pests and indirectly reduce the occurrence of diseases; Step 4: Chemical control: In the early growth stage: spray pesticides regularly for prevention and control, specifically: spray pesticides every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times; Disease period: Once the disease is found, spray targeted fungicides in time, specifically: spray the agent once every 3-5 days, and spray 1-2 times continuously; Step 5: Strengthen monitoring: Establish monitoring points: Set up monitoring points in different areas of the field to regularly observe the growth of asparagus plants; Data analysis: Analyze monitoring data to promptly identify trends in disease occurrence and adjust prevention and control measures.

2. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the soil treatment includes: deep plowing the land, removing diseased and residual bodies, and spreading 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu of land to disinfect the soil.

3. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the planting density is: the row spacing of asparagus is 1.5-2 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.25-0.3 meters.

4. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, the fertilizer and water management includes: applying fertilizers reasonably according to the growth stage of asparagus, and increasing the application of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; the pruning and branching includes: removing diseased branches, weak branches and overly dense branches in time to keep the plants ventilated and light-permeable.

5. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step three, the beneficial microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma.

6. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the agent includes 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder.

7. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, the fungicide includes difenoconazole and myclobutanil.

8. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes physical prevention, specifically: High temperature and stuffy greenhouse: In the hot summer season, using a sealed greenhouse to keep the temperature and stuffy can effectively kill germs; Ultraviolet irradiation: In the early stages of the disease, use ultraviolet lamps to irradiate asparagus plants to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

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