A cultivation method of a strong female balsam pear variety

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a strong female variety of Momordica charantia. The cultivation method of the strong female variety of Momordica charantia comprises the following steps: S1. planting: planting the strong female variety and the weak female variety according to a proportion; S2. fruit retention: starting from the first female flower, two batches of fruits are retained on the main vine, four fruits are not pollinated, and two fruits are selected and retained on each side vine between the two batches of fruits of the main vine; S3. pruning; S4. water and fertilizer management; and S5. harvesting. The cultivation method of the application optimizes the planting proportion, fruit retention method, pruning and water and fertilizer management of the strong female variety and the weak female variety, creates the meeting of female flowers and male flowers in the early stage, solves the problem that the strong female variety has no male flowers to pollinate in the early stage, achieves the effects of concentrated pollination and concentrated harvesting, improves the commodity rate of early fruits, more accurately harvests the early yield, and saves the cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation technology, specifically relating to a cultivation method for a strong female bitter gourd variety. Background Technology

[0002] Typically, bitter gourd hybrids are monoecious, with male flowers opening sequentially before female flowers. However, in varieties where both the main and lateral vines are strongly female, female flowers will continuously bloom on the main vine after the male flowers have finished opening, while the male flowers on the lateral vines have not yet opened. Under current cultivation methods that only plant strongly female varieties, the flowering periods of male and female flowers do not coincide, resulting in early female flowers failing to pollinate and leading to lost early yields. Furthermore, because strongly female varieties produce a concentrated and abundant number of female flowers, inadequate pollination of fruits and insufficient fertilizer and water management can easily lead to poor fruit development, affecting the marketability of the product. Therefore, to achieve early yields and improve the marketability of strongly female varieties, further research is needed on the ratio of strongly female to weakly female varieties, fruit retention methods, pruning, and fertilizer and water management to determine the optimal technical solution.

[0003] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for a strong female bitter gourd variety. By adjusting the planting ratio of strong and weak female varieties, the fruit retention method, pruning, and fertilizer and water management, the method creates an early stage where female and male flowers meet, solving the problem of concentrated female flower opening without male flowers for pollination, and improving the marketability of early fruits. This results in the harvest of qualified early marketable fruits from the strong female variety, more precise control of early yield, and reduced costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A cultivation method for a strongly female bitter gourd variety includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Planting

[0008] Plant strong female varieties and weak female varieties in a certain proportion;

[0009] S2. Leave the fruit

[0010] Starting from the first female flower, leave four fruits unpollinated between the two batches of fruits on the main vine. Select two fruits from the lateral vines between each unpollinated fruit node. The second batch of fruits on the main vine and the first fruit on the lateral vine together constitute the second batch. After that, select the number of fruits for the third batch and subsequent batches as needed.

[0011] S3. Pruning

[0012] Remove all lateral shoots below the first female flower. After harvesting the third batch of fruit, remove the middle plants and weak female plants that provide male flowers.

[0013] S4. Water and Fertilizer Management

[0014] Base fertilizer and water management should be carried out according to the conventional amount of bitter gourd. Topdressing should be applied twice before the first and second batches of fruit are harvested, and topdressing should be applied once after the third batch of fruit is harvested. Thereafter, topdressing should be applied once every 15 days.

[0015] S5. Harvesting

[0016] Harvest when the fruit has grown to the size of marketable fruit.

[0017] As a preferred option, in step S1, strong female varieties refer to varieties that have the characteristic of first continuously differentiating male flowers on the main vine and then continuously differentiating female flowers with more than 14 flowers, while weak female varieties include varieties and materials with strong male flower differentiation.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the planting ratio of strong female varieties to weak female varieties is 20-25:1.

[0019] As a preferred option, in step S1, double-row planting is adopted with a plant spacing of 50×50cm.

[0020] As a preferred option, in step S3, starting from the first female flower, 4-5 fruits are left on the main vine as the first batch, and the 4 fruits are left unpollinated. Then, 3-5 more fruits are left on the main vine. Two fruits are left on each lateral vine between the two batches of fruits on the main vine. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the lateral vine together constitute the second batch. After that, the number of fruits in the third batch and subsequent batches is selected as appropriate.

[0021] As a preferred option, in step S4, topdressing is applied 6-7 days after pollination of the first and second batches of fruit and 3-4 days before harvest; topdressing is applied 2-3 days after harvest of the third batch of fruit, and thereafter topdressing is applied once every 15 days.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, the topdressing is a 0.5% urea solution and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. The first four topdressings are applied by foliar spraying, and thereafter by application with irrigation water.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) Creating the flowering period of female and male flowers to coincide: When planting strong female varieties, the present invention also plants weak female varieties in proportion, providing male flowers to pollinate the early female flowers of strong female varieties, avoiding the early flowering period of female and male flowers not coinciding, so that female flowers can be pollinated and achieve early yield.

[0025] (2) Cost saving: In terms of pruning, this invention only removes the lateral branches below the first female flower, which is no different from conventional bitter gourd planting, and does not waste too much labor on pruning; and the strong female variety with the characteristics of this invention opens 1 female flower on the main vine on the same day and 2-3 female flowers on the next day. Taking advantage of this feature, this invention does not pollinate 4 female flowers on the main vine, and leaves fruits in two batches, leaving 2 fruits on the lateral vines. After that, depending on the situation, the third batch of fruits is selected to be left, realizing centralized pollination and centralized harvesting, which greatly reduces labor costs, saves time and planting costs, and saves costs in all aspects.

[0026] (3) Precise harvesting of early yield: By cultivating strong female varieties with the characteristics of this invention, the early yield can be precisely controlled through the cultivation measures such as optimized planting ratio, fruit retention method, pruning and fertilizer and water management of this invention, so as to achieve the effect of concentrated harvesting and early market launch, at least three batches of fruit can be effectively obtained in a concentrated manner, improving the marketability and uniformity of the fruit, and precisely harvesting the early yield. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of this invention patent will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Example 1

[0028] A cultivation method for a strongly female bitter gourd variety includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Planting

[0030] Strong female combination 1 (male parent is MC6, female parent is Gui Nong Ke Yu 4) (green straight tubercles type), weak female combination MC21-1 with many male flowers is selected, planted at a ratio of 25:1; when planting, the furrow width is 80cm, the bed width is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 50×50cm.

[0031] S2. Leave the melon

[0032] In greenhouse cultivation, the first female flower of combination 1 is located at the 15th-17th node. The main vine continuously differentiates more than 14 female flowers. In most cases, the main vine opens 1 female flower on the first day and 2-3 female flowers the next day, and so on. During this period, the lateral vines will differentiate 1 female flower within the first 3 nodes. After about 10-14 female flowers on the main vine have opened, there are no male flowers open on the entire plant. Use the male flowers provided by the weak female variety for artificial pollination or bee pollination. Starting from the first pollination, leave 5 fruits on the main vine as the first batch, and leave 4 fruits without pollination. Leave another 3 fruits on the main vine. Select 2 fruits from each of the 3 lateral vines between the two batches of fruits on the main vine. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the lateral vines together constitute the second batch. For the third batch and subsequent batches, select fruits according to the actual situation.

[0033] S3. Pruning

[0034] Remove all lateral shoots below the first female flower. After harvesting the third batch of fruit, the male flowers differentiated from the strong female combination can meet their own pollination needs. At this time, remove the middle plants with a plant spacing of 50×50cm and the weak female plants that provide male flowers, so that the plant spacing becomes 100×100cm, in order to facilitate ventilation and reduce pests and diseases.

[0035] S4. Water and Fertilizer Management

[0036] Apply 250 kg of bovine bone meal bio-enzymatic hydrolysis organic fertilizer (purchased from Nanning Xingjian Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd.), 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio 1:1:1), 25 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (applied every other crop), and 10 kg of urea per mu as base fertilizer, mixing them thoroughly during land preparation. Water the soil promptly when it is dry. Apply top dressing 6 days after pollination of the first and second batches of fruit and 4 days before harvest, using foliar spraying. Apply top dressing once with irrigation water 2-3 days after harvest of the third batch of fruit, and then once every 15 days thereafter. Use a 0.5% urea solution and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for top dressing. Spray the leaves until they are covered with water droplets that just run off. Apply top dressing with irrigation water until the soil is moist.

[0037] S5. Harvesting

[0038] Harvest the fruit promptly when it reaches marketable size. Harvest the first batch of fruit on the main vine at the same time. Harvest the second batch of fruit on the main vine and the first fruit on the lateral vine at the same time. Harvest the third and subsequent batches of fruit depending on their ripeness.

[0039] Combination 1 (male parent MC6, female parent Gui Nong Ke Yu 4) was cultivated according to the above pattern, with 15 plants as 1 replicate, 3 replicates, and the average value was taken. The early yield results are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1. Cultivation effects of combination 1

[0041] Properties The first batch of commercial fruits Second batch of fruit products Third batch of fruit products Number of individual plants 4.8 5.5 4.2 Fruit weight (g) 545.5 547.3 549.7 Fruit length (cm) 23.5 24.9 25.1 Fruit diameter (cm) 7.9 7.8 7.6

[0042] As shown in Table 1, from planting to harvesting three batches of fruit, a total of 14.5 fruits were harvested per plant, with an average weight of 547.5g per fruit, and a total of 7.9kg of fruit were harvested per plant.

[0043] Furthermore, in the experiment, it took approximately 45 days from planting to harvesting the third batch of fruit. With artificial pollination, only about 8 days for pollination and 3 days for harvesting were needed, achieving concentrated pollination and harvesting, reducing labor and time costs, yielding earlier harvests, and producing more uniform and marketable products. With traditional cultivation methods, there are no male flowers for pollination before the second batch of fruit, resulting in no early yield. Example 2

[0044] A cultivation method for a strongly female bitter gourd variety includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Planting

[0046] Strong female combination 2 (male parent is MC9, female parent is Gui Nong Ke Yu 4) (large top type), weak female selection material with more male flowers MC21-1, planted at a ratio of 20:1; when planting, the furrow width is 80cm, the bed width is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 50×50cm.

[0047] S2. Leave the melon

[0048] In greenhouse cultivation, the first female flower of combination 2 is located at the 9th-12th node. The main vine continuously differentiates more than 14 female flowers. In most cases, the main vine opens 1 female flower on the first day and 2-3 female flowers the next day, and so on. During this period, the lateral vines will differentiate 2 female flowers within the first 5 nodes. After about 12-16 female flowers on the main vine have opened, there are no male flowers open on the entire plant. Use the male flowers provided by the weak female variety for artificial pollination or bee pollination. Starting from the first pollination, leave 5 fruits on the main vine as the first batch, and leave 4 fruits without pollination. Leave another 4 fruits on the main vine. Select 2 fruits on each lateral vine between the two batches of fruits on the main vine. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the lateral vines together constitute the second batch. For the third batch and subsequent batches, select fruits according to the actual situation.

[0049] S3. Pruning

[0050] Remove all lateral shoots below the first female flower. After harvesting the third batch of fruit, the male flowers differentiated from the strong female combination can meet their own pollination needs. At this time, remove the middle plants with a plant spacing of 50×50cm and the weak female plants that provide male flowers, so that the plant spacing becomes 100×100cm, in order to facilitate ventilation and reduce pests and diseases.

[0051] S4. Water and Fertilizer Management

[0052] Apply 250 kg of bovine bone meal bio-enzymatic hydrolysis organic fertilizer (purchased from Nanning Xingjian Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd.), 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio 1:1:1), 25 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (applied every other crop), and 10 kg of urea per mu as base fertilizer, mixing them thoroughly during land preparation. Water the soil promptly when it is dry. Apply top dressing 6 days after pollination of the first and second batches of fruit and 4 days before harvest, using foliar spraying. Apply top dressing once with irrigation water 2-3 days after harvest of the third batch of fruit, and then once every 15 days thereafter. Use a 0.5% urea solution and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for top dressing. Spray the leaves until they are covered with water droplets that just run off. Apply top dressing with irrigation water until the soil is moist.

[0053] S5. Harvesting

[0054] Harvest the fruit promptly when it reaches marketable size. The first batch of fruit on the main vine can be harvested simultaneously, the second batch of fruit on the main vine and the first fruit on the lateral vine can be harvested simultaneously, and subsequent batches of fruit should be harvested depending on their ripeness.

[0055] Combination 2 was cultivated according to the above pattern, with 15 plants as one replicate, 3 replicates, and the average value was taken. The early yield results are shown in Table 2.

[0056] Table 2. Cultivation effects of combination 2

[0057] Properties The first batch of commercial fruits Second batch of fruit products Third batch of fruit products Number of individual plants 5.0 6.5 4.6 Fruit weight (g) 425.5 427.8 429.1 Fruit length (cm) 15.9 16.6 17.3 Fruit diameter (cm) 8.9 8.6 8.3

[0058] As shown in Table 2, from planting to harvesting three batches of fruit, a total of 16.1 fruits were harvested per plant, with an average weight of 427.5g per fruit, and a total yield of 6.88kg per plant.

[0059] Furthermore, in the experiment, it took approximately 38 days from planting to harvesting the third batch of melons. With artificial pollination, only about 8 days for pollination and 3 days for harvesting were needed, achieving concentrated pollination and harvesting, reducing labor costs, yielding earlier produce, and producing more uniform commercial characteristics. With traditional cultivation methods, there are no male flowers for pollination before the second batch of fruit, resulting in no early yield.

[0060] In summary, by comprehensively optimizing the planting ratio of strong and weak female varieties, fruit retention methods, pruning, and fertilizer and water management, this method creates an environment where female and male flowers meet in the early stages, solving the problem of concentrated female flower opening without male flowers for pollination, and improving the marketability of early fruits. This results in the harvest of qualified early marketable fruits from strong female varieties, more precise control of early yield, and reduced costs.

[0061] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of cultivating a strong female variety of Momordica charantia Linn. characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Planting Planting the strong female variety and the weak female variety in a ratio; S2. Fruit retention From the first female flower, leave 4 unpollinated fruits on the main vine, and select 2 fruits on each lateral vine between the unpollinated fruit nodes; the second batch of fruits is composed of the second batch of fruits on the main vine and the first fruit on the lateral vine, and the third batch and the subsequent fruits are selected as needed; S3. Pruning Remove all lateral vines below the first female flower, and remove the plants in the middle of the row and the weak female plants that provide male flowers after the third batch of fruits is harvested; S4. Water and fertilizer management Base fertilizer and water management are performed according to the conventional usage of balsam pear, 2 topdressing are performed before the first and second batches of fruits are harvested, 1 topdressing is performed after the third batch of fruits is harvested, and 1 topdressing is performed every 15 days thereafter; S5. Harvesting Harvest the fruits in time when they grow to the commercial size; In step S1, the strong female variety refers to a variety that has the characteristic of continuously differentiating male flowers first and then differentiating more than 14 female flowers; the weak female variety includes varieties and materials with strong male flower differentiation; In step S1, the planting ratio of the strong female variety to the weak female variety is 20-25:1; In step S2, from the first female flower, the main vine continuously retains 4-5 fruits as the first batch, 4 unpollinated fruits, and 2 fruits on each lateral vine between the unpollinated fruit nodes; at this time, the main vine and the first fruit on the lateral vine jointly form the second batch, and the number of fruits in the third batch and the subsequent batches is selected as needed.

2. The method of cultivation of the strong female variety of Momordica charantia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, double-row planting is adopted, and the plant spacing is 50×50 cm.

3. The method of cultivation of the strong female variety of Momordica charantia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, after the third batch of fruits is harvested, 1-2 plants in the middle of the row and the male plants are removed according to the harvesting period, which is within 3 months, so that the plant spacing becomes 100×100 cm or 150×150 cm.

4. The method of cultivation of the strong female variety of Momordica charantia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, topdressing is performed 6-7 days after the first and second batches of fruits are pollinated and 3-4 days before harvesting; topdressing is performed 2-3 days after the third batch of fruits is harvested, and then 1 topdressing is performed every 15 days.

5. The method of cultivation of the strong female variety of Momordica charantia according to claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the topdressing is 0.5% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; the first 4 topdressings are performed by foliar spraying, and then the topdressing is performed by watering.