Method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng product

Abstract

The invention provides a method for removing pesticide residues in a ginseng product, the method comprises the following steps: soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, the mixed solution comprises photo-thermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, bisulfite and a lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth, the chitosan can form a film on the surface of the ginseng, and the bisulfite can form a film on the surface of the ginseng; forming a thin film doped with photo-thermal graphene nano particles, a comparisons and a lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid, and coating the thin film on the surface of the ginseng; the photo-thermal graphene nanoparticles can be converted into heat energy under the condition of laser irradiation, so that degradation of pesticides, especially phosphorus-containing pesticides, in the ginseng by virtue of the pectinase and lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor is enhanced, and the removal efficiency of the phosphorus-containing pesticides can be remarkably improved by coating the surfaces of the ginseng with the chitosan. After laser irradiation is completed, a microwave treatment mode can be adopted to decompose a chitosan film, so that residual photo-thermal graphene nano particles, enzyme and lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor on the surface of the ginseng are removed, and the eating of the ginseng is not influenced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and in particular to a method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products. Background Art

[0002] Ready-to-eat whole ginseng or ready-to-eat ginseng slices are ginseng products obtained by steaming whole ginseng or slicing whole ginseng, soaking in traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and then soaking in sugar liquid. Because the shape or structure of ginseng is retained, it is very popular among consumers. However, the abuse of pesticides in the current ginseng planting process will lead to pesticide residues in ginseng raw materials. The current pesticide residues are mainly organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides, such as omethoate, dimethoate, malathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, fenthion, becfulrin, and cypermethrin. These pesticides have an inhibitory effect on cholinesterase in the human body, can block the transmission of neurotransmitters, cause muscle paralysis and cause poisoning.

[0003] The prior art discloses a variety of methods for removing pesticide residues from ginseng extracts, such as physical methods such as soaking and washing, sunlight irradiation, chemical methods such as hypochlorite oxidation, hydrogen peroxide degradation, and biological methods such as microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation. Among them, biological methods are currently the main method for removing pesticide residues because of their advantages of being mild and completely degrading. However, when using biological methods, especially enzymatic methods to remove pesticide residues, in order to obtain a higher efficiency of removing phosphorus-containing pesticides, it is generally necessary to use enzymatic methods to remove pesticide residues while extracting the effective ingredients of ginseng. This method can only obtain ginseng extracts; and when the whole ginseng or ginseng slices are directly treated with enzymes, the removal rate of pesticide residues is low, only about 70%. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products. The method provided in this application can remove phosphorus-containing pesticides while retaining the form of a whole ginseng or ginseng slices, and the removal efficiency is as high as over 95%.

[0005] The present application provides a method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products, comprising the following steps:

[0006] a) soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution comprises photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth;

[0007] b) taking out the ginseng obtained in step a) and drying it to form a chitosan film including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid on the surface;

[0008] c) irradiating the ginseng obtained in step b) with laser to decompose the pesticide;

[0009] d) subjecting the ginseng obtained in step c) to microwave treatment to decompose the chitosan film;

[0010] e) steaming the ginseng obtained in step d), and drying the ginseng product.

[0011] In some specific implementations, in the mixed solution, the concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 0.05wt% to 3wt%; the concentration of the chitosan is 1wt% to 3wt%; the concentration of the biazyme is 0.05wt% to 1wt%; and the concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is 5wt% to 30wt%.

[0012] In some specific implementations, the soaking temperature is room temperature, and the soaking time is 10 min to 60 min.

[0013] In some specific implementations, the wavelength of the laser is 808 nm, and the power of the laser is 0.5 W / cm 2 ~2W / cm 2 ;

[0014] The laser irradiation time is 10s to 100s.

[0015] In some specific implementations, the power of the microwave treatment is 100W to 300W, and the time is 10s to 40s.

[0016] In some specific implementations, the steaming temperature is 70° C. to 100° C., and the steaming time is 1 h to 3 h.

[0017] In some specific implementations, the drying temperature is room temperature and the drying time is 1 hour to 3 hours.

[0018] In some specific implementations, after drying, the ginseng is left to stand at 20° C. to 40° C. for 15 h to 30 h.

[0019] In some specific implementations, the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is prepared according to the following method: Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS medium, fermented at 37° C. for 24 hours, and then ultrasonically disrupted to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth.

[0020] In some specific implementations, the method further includes: soaking the ginseng obtained in step e) in a traditional Chinese medicine solution or a sugar solution, so that the ginseng product has the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine or a sweet taste.

[0021] The method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products provided by the present application, first soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, the mixed solution includes photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, wherein chitosan can form a film on the surface of ginseng to form a film doped with photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, coated on the surface of ginseng; photothermal graphene nanoparticles can be converted into thermal energy under the condition of laser irradiation, thereby enhancing the degradation of pesticides in ginseng, especially phosphorus-containing pesticides by biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, and by wrapping chitosan on the surface of ginseng, the removal efficiency of phosphorus-containing pesticides can be significantly improved. After the laser irradiation is completed, the chitosan film can also be decomposed by microwave treatment, so that the photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid remaining on the surface of ginseng are removed, without affecting the edibleness of ginseng. Finally, the ginseng is steamed, and the whole ginseng product can be obtained after drying. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a method for removing pesticide residues from ginseng products. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve the method. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the method and application of this article without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.

[0023] The present application provides a method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products, comprising the following steps:

[0024] a) soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution comprises photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth;

[0025] b) taking out the ginseng obtained in step a) and drying it to form a chitosan film including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid on the surface;

[0026] c) irradiating the ginseng obtained in step b) with laser to decompose the pesticide;

[0027] d) subjecting the ginseng obtained in step c) to microwave treatment to decompose the chitosan film;

[0028] e) steaming the ginseng obtained in step d), and drying the ginseng product.

[0029] The present application first soaks ginseng in a solution including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biazyme and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth. The present application has no special restrictions on the sources of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biazyme and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth. Photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan and biazyme can be purchased directly from the market, and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth can also be directly fermented with commercially available Lactobacillus plantarum to obtain the fermentation broth. Specifically, the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth can be prepared according to the following method: inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum in MRS medium, ferment for 24 hours at 37°C, and then ultrasonically disrupt to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth.

[0030] In some specific implementations, in the mixed solution, the concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 0.05wt% to 3wt%, preferably 0.1wt% to 2.5wt%, more preferably 1wt% to 2wt%; the concentration of the chitosan is 1wt% to 3wt%, preferably 1.5wt% to 2.5wt%, more preferably 2wt%; the concentration of the enzyme is 0.05wt% to 1wt%, preferably 0.1wt% to 0.5wt%, more preferably 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%; the concentration of the plant lactobacillus fermentation broth is 5wt% to 30wt%, preferably 10wt% to 25wt%, more preferably 15wt% to 20wt%.

[0031] In some specific implementations, the soaking temperature is room temperature, such as 20° C. to 30° C., and the soaking time is 10 min to 60 min, preferably 20 min to 40 min.

[0032] After soaking, the ginseng obtained in step a) is taken out and dried to form a chitosan film including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazymes and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid on the surface. The present application has no particular restrictions on the drying method, which can be natural drying. During the drying process, chitosan can form a film on the surface of ginseng to form a film doped with photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazymes and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, which is coated on the surface of ginseng.

[0033] After drying, the ginseng obtained in step b) is irradiated with laser to decompose the pesticides. Photothermal graphene nanoparticles can be converted into heat energy under the condition of laser irradiation, thereby enhancing the degradation of pesticides in ginseng, especially phosphorus-containing pesticides, by bialysin and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth. By wrapping chitosan on the surface of ginseng, the removal efficiency of phosphorus-containing pesticides can be significantly improved. In some specific implementations, the wavelength of the laser is 808nm, and the power of the laser is 0.5W / cm 2 ~2W / cm 2 , preferably 1W / cm 2 ~1.5W / cm2 ; The laser irradiation time is 10s to 100s, preferably 20s to 50s, and more preferably 30s to 40s.

[0034] After the laser treatment is completed, the ginseng obtained in step c) is subjected to microwave treatment to decompose the chitosan film and remove the photothermal graphene nanoparticles, bialysin and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid remaining on the surface of the ginseng without affecting the edibility of the ginseng. In some specific implementations, the power of the microwave treatment is 100W to 300W, preferably 150W to 250W, more preferably 200W; the time is 10s to 40s, preferably 20s to 30s.

[0035] In some specific implementations, the ginseng obtained is washed after microwave treatment. The present application has no particular limitation on the washing method, and water washing is sufficient.

[0036] Then the obtained ginseng is steamed to obtain a ginseng product. In some specific implementations, the steaming temperature is 70°C to 100°C, preferably 80°C to 90°C, and the time is 1h to 3h, preferably 1.5h to 2.5h. Steaming can increase the content of beneficial saponins in ginseng.

[0037] After steaming, the obtained cooked ginseng is dried. The present application has no particular restrictions on the drying method, for example, it can be natural drying. In some specific implementations, the drying temperature is room temperature, for example, 20°C to 30°C, and the drying time is 1h to 3h, preferably 1.5h to 2.5h.

[0038] In some specific implementations, after drying, the obtained ginseng can be left to stand at 20° C. to 40° C. for 15 h to 30 h to increase the ginsenoside content.

[0039] In some specific implementations, after obtaining the ginseng product, the obtained ginseng product can also be immersed in a Chinese medicine liquid or a sugar liquid to obtain a ginseng product with enhanced efficacy or a honey-made ginseng product. The present application has no special restrictions on the Chinese medicine liquid or the sugar liquid, and those skilled in the art can select it according to the efficacy requirements. The present application also has no special restrictions on the method of immersion, and it can be immersed, brushed, etc., so that the Chinese medicine liquid or the sugar liquid penetrates into the ginseng or is wrapped on the surface of the ginseng.

[0040] The method for removing pesticide residues in ginseng products provided by the present application, first soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, the mixed solution includes photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, wherein chitosan can form a film on the surface of ginseng to form a film doped with photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, coated on the surface of ginseng; photothermal graphene nanoparticles can be converted into thermal energy under the condition of laser irradiation, thereby enhancing the degradation of pesticides in ginseng, especially phosphorus-containing pesticides by biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid, and by wrapping chitosan on the surface of ginseng, the removal efficiency of phosphorus-containing pesticides can be significantly improved. After the laser irradiation is completed, the chitosan film can also be decomposed by microwave treatment, so that the photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biazyme and plant lactobacillus fermentation liquid remaining on the surface of ginseng are removed, without affecting the edibleness of ginseng. Finally, the ginseng is steamed, and the whole ginseng product can be obtained after drying.

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0042] In the following embodiments, the preparation method of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is as follows: Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS medium, fermented at 37° C. for 24 h, and then ultrasonically disrupted to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Ultrasonic dispersion of photothermal graphene nanoparticles in water to prepare a suspension; dissolving chitosan in acetic acid to obtain a chitosan solution; then mixing the suspension with the chitosan solution, biazyme and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 0.5%, the mass concentration of chitosan is 2%, the mass concentration of biazyme is 0.05%, and the mass concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is 15%;

[0045] Wash the fresh ginseng with a ginseng washing machine, drain and obtain clean fresh ginseng; remove the branch roots, whiskers and rhizome of the clean fresh ginseng to obtain the main root;

[0046] The main root of ginseng was immersed in the above-mentioned immersion solution for 30 minutes, and then taken out and naturally dried to form a film of chitosan including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid. 2 Irradiation with laser (808 nm) for 50 s;

[0047] The irradiated ginseng was subjected to microwave treatment at 300W for 20s, and the microwave-treated ginseng was placed in an electric heating steamer at a temperature of 85°C for 2h to obtain cooked ginseng;

[0048] The cooked ginseng was dried at room temperature for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 30°C for 20 hours to obtain a ginseng product.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Ultrasonic dispersion of photothermal graphene nanoparticles in water to prepare a suspension; dissolving chitosan in acetic acid to obtain a chitosan solution; then mixing the suspension with the chitosan solution, biazyme and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 1%, the mass concentration of chitosan is 3%, the mass concentration of biazyme is 0.02%, and the mass concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is 10%;

[0051] Wash the fresh ginseng with a ginseng washing machine, drain and obtain clean fresh ginseng; remove the branch roots, whiskers and rhizome of the clean fresh ginseng to obtain the main root;

[0052] The main root of ginseng was immersed in the above-mentioned immersion solution for 40 minutes, and then taken out and naturally dried to form a film of chitosan including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid. 2 Irradiation with laser (808 nm) for 50 s;

[0053] The irradiated ginseng was subjected to microwave treatment at 100 W for 40 seconds, and the microwave-treated ginseng was placed in an electric heating steamer at a temperature of 85° C. for 2 hours to obtain cooked ginseng;

[0054] The cooked ginseng was dried at room temperature for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 30°C for 20 hours to obtain a ginseng product.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Ultrasonic dispersion of photothermal graphene nanoparticles in water to prepare a suspension; dissolving chitosan in acetic acid to obtain a chitosan solution; then mixing the suspension with the chitosan solution, biazyme and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 0.1%, the mass concentration of chitosan is 3%, the mass concentration of biazyme is 0.08%, and the mass concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is 10%;

[0057] Wash the fresh ginseng with a ginseng washing machine, drain and obtain clean fresh ginseng; remove the branch roots, whiskers and rhizome of the clean fresh ginseng to obtain the main root;

[0058] The main root of ginseng was immersed in the above-mentioned immersion solution for 60 minutes, and then naturally dried to form a film of chitosan including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid. 2 Irradiation with laser (808 nm) for 50 s;

[0059] The irradiated ginseng was subjected to microwave treatment at 200 W for 30 seconds, and the microwave-treated ginseng was placed in an electric heating steamer at a temperature of 85° C. for 2 hours to obtain cooked ginseng;

[0060] The cooked ginseng was dried at room temperature for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 30°C for 20 hours to obtain a ginseng product.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that no photothermal graphene nanoparticles are added.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that no Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid is added.

[0065] The organophosphorus pesticides in the ginseng after microwave treatment in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the removal efficiency of the organophosphorus pesticides in the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present application.

[0066] Table 1 Removal efficiency of organophosphorus pesticides in the examples and comparative examples

[0067] Dimethoate Malathion Methamidophos Fenthion Example 1 95.6％ 94.7％ 95.7％ 98.6％ Example 2 96.2％ 95.8％ 96.5％ 97.9％ Example 3 96.4％ 96.3％ 95.2％ 96.8％ Comparative Example 1 85.1％ 84.3％ 83.9％ 82.7％ Comparative Example 2 82.6％ 81.3％ 80.9％ 80.1％

[0068] Compared with the comparative example, the method provided in the embodiment greatly reduces the residue of organophosphorus pesticides.

[0069] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing pesticide residues from ginseng products. The following steps are involved: a) soaking ginseng in a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution comprises photothermal graphene nanoparticles, chitosan, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth; b) taking out the ginseng obtained in step a) and drying it to form a chitosan film including photothermal graphene nanoparticles, biase and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid on the surface; c) irradiating the ginseng obtained in step b) with laser to decompose the pesticide; d) subjecting the ginseng obtained in step c) to microwave treatment to decompose the chitosan film; e) steaming the ginseng obtained in step d), and drying the ginseng product.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the mixed solution, the concentration of the photothermal graphene nanoparticles is 0.05wt% to 3wt%; the concentration of the chitosan is 1wt% to 3wt%; the concentration of the biazyme is 0.05wt% to 1wt%; and the concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth is 5wt% to 30wt%.

3. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The soaking temperature is room temperature, and the soaking time is 10 minutes to 60 minutes.

4. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The wavelength of the laser is 808nm, and the power of the laser is 0.5W / cm 2 ~2W / cm 2 ; The laser irradiation time is 10s to 100s.

5. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The power of the microwave treatment is 100W to 300W, and the time is 10s to 40s.

6. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The steaming temperature is 70° C. to 100° C., and the steaming time is 1 h to 3 h.

7. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The drying temperature is room temperature and the drying time is 1 hour to 3 hours.

8. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that After drying, the obtained ginseng is placed at 20° C. to 40° C. for 15 to 30 hours.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid is prepared according to the following method: Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS culture medium, fermented at 37° C. for 24 hours, and then ultrasonically disrupted to obtain the Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid.

10. The method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that Also includes: f) soaking the ginseng obtained in step e) in a traditional Chinese medicine solution or a sugar solution.