Preparation method of transition metal doped copper oxide nanorod and application of transition metal doped copper oxide nanorod in elimination of carbon monoxide

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a transition metal doped copper oxide nanorod and application of the transition metal doped copper oxide nanorod to elimination of carbon monoxide, and relates to the technical field of preparation of nanometer functional materials.The preparation method comprises the following steps that a laminar flame burner is used for conducting flame treatment on a metal copper net; growing a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper net in situ; preparing a transition metal precursor solution on the basis of iron and cerium metal salt particles, dipping the metal copper mesh subjected to flame treatment in the transition metal precursor solution, and drying to obtain a copper mesh substrate; and calcining the copper mesh substrate on methane flame to obtain the transition metal doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst. The ferrocerium oxide loaded one-dimensional copper oxide nano material is synthesized by combining flame in-situ growth and a solution combustion method, the operation is simple, the consumed time is short, the transition metal oxide is doped to obviously enhance the catalytic efficiency, and the catalyst is modified to enhance the reaction performance of the catalyst.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nano functional material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of transition metal doped copper oxide nanorods and application thereof in eliminating carbon monoxide. Background Art

[0002] As a typical waste gas treatment method, catalytic combustion has great application prospects due to its low energy consumption, minimal secondary pollution and simple operation. Highly catalytically active noble metal-supported catalysts (such as Au, Ru, Pd or Pt) have been widely used for CO oxidation elimination, but their high cost, sintering and poisoning problems have prompted the search for better options. The application of noble metal-free composite metal oxide catalysts in CO elimination has attracted widespread attention.

[0003] Copper-based composite metal materials are excellent environmental functional catalysts, showing excellent CO oxidation performance, and are one of the most promising catalysts for removing toxic gas CO. Since the oxygen atoms adsorbed on the surface of copper oxide are more active than the lattice oxygen of copper oxide, these surface adsorbed oxygen atoms can enhance the catalytic activity of the copper oxide surface. However, the decomposition and poisoning tendency of copper oxide limits its activity, and its activity can be enhanced by doping with transition metals. Among them, the doping of metal cerium and iron can change the microstructure of the catalyst, and its synergistic effect plays an important role in CO conversion, showing potential in CO catalytic oxidation. In addition, composite metal oxides with one-dimensional nanostructures have higher energy density, larger surface area and higher catalytic efficiency than single metal oxide nanomaterials. One-dimensional composite metal oxide nanostructures can provide a targeted and controllable way to obtain the desired function, and are therefore widely used in lithium-ion batteries, electronic devices, and catalytic reactions.

[0004] There are two main steps to synthesize one-dimensional composite metal nanostructures: the first step is to grow one-dimensional nanomaterials, and the second step is to modify them with other metal dopants. Commonly used methods include thermal growth-chemical deposition, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method-annealing, sol-flame method and flame annealing-electrodeposition method. However, these methods require a long preparation time and complicated operation process. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods and their application in eliminating carbon monoxide in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1, flame treating the metal copper mesh by using a laminar flame burner, and in-situ growing a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper mesh; S2, preparing a transition metal precursor solution based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, immersing the flame-treated metal copper mesh in the transition metal precursor solution, and then drying to obtain a copper mesh substrate; S3. calcining the copper mesh substrate in a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst.

[0007] Furthermore, flame treatment is performed on the metal copper mesh by using a laminar flame burner, and in-situ growth of a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper mesh comprises the following steps: S11, selecting methane gas as fuel, setting the air intake conditions and fuel-oxygen equivalent ratio of the laminar flame burner, and premixing the methane gas with air before passing it into the laminar flame burner; S12, placing the metal copper mesh at a height of 2.5 cm on the flame platform in the laminar flame burner; S13, controlling the flame treatment time and flame temperature of the laminar flame burner to flame treat the surface of the metal copper mesh, so that the surface copper atoms generate copper oxide nanorods under the action of thermal pressure stress, and a one-dimensional copper nanorod array is formed on the surface of the metal copper mesh after the flame treatment is completed.

[0008] Further, the laminar flame burner is a methane premixed laminar flame, the air intake conditions are 0.52L / min methane gas and 4.76-5.95L / min air, and the fuel-oxygen equivalence ratio is 0.83-1.0; The flame treatment time is 10-30 minutes, and the flame temperature is controlled at 550-600°C.

[0009] Furthermore, the mesh number of the metal copper mesh is 20-80 meshes, the metal copper mesh is a 3×3 cm square mesh, and the mesh wire diameter is 0.2 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, a transition metal precursor solution is prepared, the flame-treated metal copper mesh is immersed in the transition metal precursor solution, and then dried to obtain a copper mesh substrate, which includes the following steps: S21, selecting iron metal salt particles and cerium metal salt particles, respectively preparing monometallic precursor solutions, and uniformly mixing the two monometallic precursor solutions in a ratio of 1:1 to form a bimetallic precursor solution, and using the two monometallic precursor solutions and the bimetallic precursor solution as transition metal precursor solutions; S22. Randomly select a transition metal precursor liquid and drop it dropwise on the surface of the flame-treated metal copper mesh. After the dropwise addition is complete, dry it at 80° C. for one hour.

[0011] Furthermore, the iron metal salt particles include at least one of ferric nitrate, ferric acetate, and ferric chloride; the cerium metal salt particles include at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium acetate, and cerium chloride.

[0012] Furthermore, the iron metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form an iron metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the iron metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

[0013] Furthermore, the cerium metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form a cerium metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the cerium metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

[0014] Furthermore, calcining the copper mesh substrate in a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst comprises the following steps: S31, placing the copper mesh substrate above a laminar flame burner for flame treatment for 15 minutes, so that the metal salt particles undergo thermal decomposition to form metal oxides, which are loaded on the surface of the copper oxide nanorods; S32, cooling the copper mesh substrate after the flame treatment, collecting the powder falling off the surface of the copper mesh substrate, and obtaining transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an application of transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods for eliminating carbon monoxide. The transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods are used to eliminate carbon monoxide gas in the environment.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: synthesizing a one-dimensional copper oxide nanomaterial supported by ferrocerium oxide by combining flame in-situ growth and solution combustion, preparing a copper oxide nanorod array in-situ on a copper grid substrate by flame, and then impregnating with a metal salt solution; after the metal salt is pyrolyzed, a one-dimensional composite metal oxide nanostructure modified by a single metal or binary transition metal oxide (Ce-Fe) is obtained on the copper substrate. The present invention synthesizes copper oxide nanorods by flame, and combines the coating-solution combustion method to quickly obtain a metal-doped and modified composite metal material. The operation is simple and time-consuming. The prepared CO oxidation elimination performance is comparable to that of the same type of catalyst. The doping of transition metal oxides significantly enhances the catalytic efficiency. The multi-metal oxide catalyst is superior to the single metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst is modified by cleverly combining the impregnation-flame method to enhance its reaction performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2is an XRD image obtained by X-ray diffraction technology according to the catalyst prepared by Examples 1-4 in the examples of the present invention; Figure 3 is a SEM image of the CeFe-Cu catalyst prepared in Example 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention obtained by scanning electron microscopy technology; Figure 4 is an enlarged image of a SEM image obtained by scanning electron microscopy technology using the CeFe-Cu catalyst prepared in Example 4 according to an example of the present invention; Figure 5 1 is the performance curve of catalytic oxidation of CO by the catalyst prepared by Examples 1-4 according to the examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 , provides a method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. A laminar flow flame burner is used to flame treat a metal copper mesh, and a one-dimensional copper nanorod array is in situ grown on the metal copper mesh.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, a metal copper mesh is flame treated by a laminar flame burner, and the in-situ growth of a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper mesh includes the following steps: S11. Select methane gas as fuel, set the air intake conditions and fuel-oxygen equivalent ratio of the laminar flame burner, and premix the methane fuel gas with air before passing it into the laminar flame burner.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, the laminar flame burner is a methane premixed laminar flame, and the combustion platform is a circular surface with a diameter of 6.5 cm, the air intake conditions are 0.52 L / min methane gas and 4.76-5.95 L / min air, and the fuel-oxygen equivalence ratio is 0.83-1.0; the flame treatment time is 10-30 minutes, and the flame temperature is controlled to 550-600°C.

[0022] S12. Place the metal copper mesh at a height of 2.5 cm on the flame platform in the laminar flow flame burner.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, the mesh number of the metal copper mesh is 20-80 meshes, the metal copper mesh is a square mesh of 3×3 cm, and the mesh wire diameter is 0.2 mm.

[0024] S13. Control the flame treatment time and flame temperature of the laminar flame burner to flame treat the surface of the metal copper mesh. The surface copper atoms generate copper oxide nanorods under the action of thermal pressure stress. After the flame treatment is completed, a one-dimensional copper nanorod array is formed on the surface of the metal copper mesh. The length of the copper oxide nanorods reaches the micron level and the diameter is about 100nm.

[0025] S2. Based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, a transition metal precursor solution is prepared, and the flame-treated metal copper mesh is immersed in the transition metal precursor solution, and then dried to obtain a copper mesh substrate.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, a transition metal precursor solution is prepared, a flame-treated metal copper mesh is immersed in the transition metal precursor solution, and then dried to obtain a copper mesh substrate, which includes the following steps: S21. Select iron metal salt particles and cerium metal salt particles, prepare monometallic precursor solutions respectively, and evenly mix the two monometallic precursor solutions in a 1:1 ratio to form a bimetallic precursor solution. The two monometallic precursor solutions and the bimetallic precursor solution are used as transition metal precursor solutions.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, the iron metal salt particles include at least one of iron nitrate, iron acetate, and iron chloride. The cerium metal salt particles include at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium acetate, and cerium chloride.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, iron metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form an iron metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the iron metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, cerium metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form a cerium metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the cerium metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

[0030] S22. Randomly select a transition metal precursor liquid and drop it dropwise on the surface of the flame-treated metal copper mesh. After the dropwise addition is complete, dry it at 80° C. for one hour.

[0031] S3. calcining the copper mesh substrate in a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, calcining the copper mesh substrate on a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst comprises the following steps: S31. Place the copper mesh substrate above a laminar flame burner for flame treatment for 15 minutes, and the metal salt particles undergo thermal decomposition to form metal oxides, which are loaded on the surface of the copper oxide nanorods.

[0033] S32, cooling the copper mesh substrate after the flame treatment, collecting the powder falling off the surface of the copper mesh substrate, and obtaining transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0035] Example 1: This example provides a method for preparing one-dimensional copper oxide nanorods, and the specific operations are as follows: Step S10: a 3×3 cm copper mesh is placed in a laminar flow flame burner, 2.5 cm away from the flame platform surface; Step S101: introducing a premixed gas of 0.52 L / min methane and 5.95 L / min air; Step S102: Ignite with a lighter and calcine the copper mesh in the flame for 15 minutes; Step S20: After cooling, the powder falling off the copper mesh is collected to obtain a CuO NW catalyst.

[0036] Example 2: This example provides a method for preparing iron-doped copper oxide nanorods, and the specific operations are as follows: Step S10: a 3×3 cm copper mesh is placed in a laminar flow flame burner, 2.5 cm away from the flame platform surface; Step S101: introducing a premixed gas of 0.52 L / min methane and 5.95 L / min air; Step S102: the copper mesh is flame-fired for 15 minutes; Step S20: 1.01 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate is added to 5 ml of ethanol, and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 minutes to dissolve, thereby obtaining an iron metal precursor solution; Step S301: dripping the iron metal precursor solution drop by drop onto the copper mesh that has been fired once, so that the copper mesh is completely immersed in the solution.

[0037] Step S302: Dry the copper mesh substrate at 80° C. for 1 hour.

[0038] Step S401: calcining the copper mesh substrate in a methane premixed flame for 15 minutes again.

[0039] Step S402: After cooling, the powder falling off the copper mesh is collected to obtain a Fe-Cu catalyst.

[0040] Example 3: This example provides a method for preparing cerium-doped copper oxide nanorods, and the specific operations are as follows: Step S10: a 3×3 cm copper mesh is placed in a laminar flow flame burner, 2.5 cm away from the flame platform surface; Step S101: introducing a premixed gas of 0.52 L / min methane and 5.95 L / min air; Step S102: Ignite with a lighter and calcine the copper mesh in the flame for 15 minutes; Step S20: 1.08 g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate is added to 5 ml of ethanol, and ultrasonically vibrated for 10 minutes to dissolve, thereby obtaining a cerium metal precursor solution; Step S301: dripping cerium metal precursor solution drop by drop onto the copper mesh that has been fired once, so that the copper mesh is completely immersed in the solution.

[0041] Step S302: Dry the copper mesh substrate at 80° C. for 1 hour.

[0042] Step S401: The copper mesh substrate is placed in the methane premixed flame for 15 minutes again.

[0043] Step S402: After cooling, the powder falling off the copper mesh is collected to obtain a Ce-Cu catalyst.

[0044] Example 4: This example provides a method for preparing copper oxide nanorods doped with iron and cerium bimetallic materials. The specific steps are as follows: Step S10: a 3×3 cm copper mesh is placed in a laminar flow flame burner, 2.5 cm away from the flame platform surface; Step S101: introducing a premixed gas of 0.52 L / min methane and 5.95 L / min air; Step S102: Ignite with a lighter and calcine the copper mesh in the flame for 15 minutes; Step S20: 1.01 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 1.08 g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate are respectively added to 5 ml of ethanol to prepare two monometallic precursor solutions, and then the two monometallic precursor solutions are weighed and mixed in a ratio of 1:1, and dissolved by ultrasonic oscillation for 10 minutes to obtain a bimetallic precursor solution; Step S301: drip the bimetallic precursor liquid drop by drop onto the copper mesh that has been fired once, so that the copper mesh is completely immersed in the solution.

[0045] Step S302: Dry the copper mesh substrate at 80° C. for 1 hour.

[0046] Step S401: The copper mesh substrate is placed in the methane premixed flame for 15 minutes again.

[0047] Step S402: After cooling, the powder falling off the copper mesh is collected to obtain a CeFe-Cu catalyst.

[0048] Test example The materials of Examples 1 to 4 were tested: The details are as follows: (1) The catalysts prepared in Examples 1 to 4 were tested using an X-ray diffractometer (instrument model: TTR-III). The test results showed that copper was thermally oxidized in a flame to produce Cu2O and CuO. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the two sharp peaks at 35.72° and 38.84° correspond to the (-111) and (111) planes of CuO nanorods, indicating that the CuO nanorods grow along the (-111) and (111) directions. The main diffraction peaks at 28.54°, 33.07°, 47.47° and 56.33° correspond to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of CeO2 face-centered cubic phase, respectively, indicating that CeO2 is doped in CuO. However, simple cubic phase of Fe2O3 and tetragonal phase nanoparticles of ternary copper iron oxide (CuFe2O4) were found in the iron-doped catalyst, indicating that Fe2O3 generated by pyrolysis of iron nitrate further reacts with copper ions in the flame to evolve into copper iron oxide.

[0049] (2) The morphology of the product prepared in Example 4 of the present invention was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (model: Gemini SEM 500). Figure 3 As shown, the sample is a Cu2O layer, a CuO grain layer and a CuO nanorod array from bottom to top. The outward migration of copper ions and the inward migration of oxygen ions continuously produce the Cu2O layer. During the growth process, the Cu (I) ions on the Cu2O layer diffuse to the top and react with O2 to form CuO on the Cu2O surface. Because Cu (II) is less easy to diffuse than Cu (I), the formation of CuO is delayed and the Cu2O layer gradually thickens over time, making the Cu2O layer thicker than the CuO layer. There are many grains of CuO in the middle layer, which is in the stage of transition to CuO nanorods. The compressive stress generated by the Cu2O / CuO solid phase transition drives Cu (II) to diffuse outward along the CuO grain boundaries, prompting the growth of CuO nanorods on the CuO particles. The nanorods grow in pairs or clusters with a smooth surface and can reach a length of 10μm and a diameter of less than 100nm. Figure 4 In the magnified image, the doped transition metal oxide nanoparticles aggregate and wrap around the top nanorods, while some independent particles are scattered along the nanorods.

[0050] Among them, the various oxidation states and compound forms of copper that may appear in chemical reactions are: Cu (0) is metallic copper; Cu (I) is monovalent copper, commonly found in compounds such as CuCl; Cu (II) is divalent copper, commonly found in compounds such as CuSO4. Different copper ions exhibit different chemical properties and reactivity in chemical reactions.

[0051] (3) Using a fixed bed device to test the performance of CO catalytic oxidation, Figure 5The conversion-temperature curves are shown, and the supported metal oxides significantly improve the catalytic performance compared to pure CuO nanorods, which can be attributed to the creation of more active sites. The T50 value (the temperature required to achieve 50% CO conversion in the catalytic reaction) of the Ce-Cu catalyst is lower than that of the Fe-Cu catalyst, while the T90 value (the temperature required to achieve 90% CO conversion in the catalytic reaction) is similar, achieving complete conversion at 220°C and 240°C. The CeFe-Cu catalyst achieves 90% CO conversion at 130°C and almost complete oxidation at 180°C. Obviously, the bimetallic supported catalyst is superior to the monometallic doped catalyst, which indicates that a synergistic effect occurs on the Ce-Fe compound.

[0052] In summary, by means of the above technical scheme of the present invention, a one-dimensional copper oxide nanomaterial supported by cerium iron oxide is synthesized by combining flame in-situ growth and solution combustion, and a copper oxide nanorod array is prepared in-situ on a copper grid substrate by flame, followed by impregnation with a metal salt solution; after the metal salt is pyrolyzed, a one-dimensional composite metal oxide nanostructure modified by a single metal or binary transition metal oxide (Ce-Fe) is obtained on the copper substrate. The present invention synthesizes copper oxide nanorods by flame, and combines the coating-solution combustion method to quickly obtain a metal-doped and modified composite metal material. The operation is simple and time-consuming. The prepared CO oxidation elimination performance is comparable to that of the same type of catalysts. The doping of transition metal oxides significantly enhances the catalytic efficiency. The multi-metal oxide catalyst is superior to the single metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst is modified by cleverly combining the impregnation-flame method to enhance its reaction performance.

[0053] It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings are displayed in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

Claims

1. A method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, flame treating the metal copper mesh by using a laminar flame burner, and in-situ growing a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper mesh; S2, preparing a transition metal precursor solution based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, immersing the flame-treated metal copper mesh in the transition metal precursor solution, and then drying to obtain a copper mesh substrate; S3. calcining the copper mesh substrate in a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst.

2. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of flame treating the metal copper mesh by using a laminar flame burner to in-situ grow a one-dimensional copper nanorod array on the metal copper mesh comprises the following steps: S11, selecting methane gas as fuel, setting the air intake conditions and fuel-oxygen equivalent ratio of the laminar flame burner, and premixing the methane gas with air before passing it into the laminar flame burner; S12, placing the metal copper mesh at a height of 2.5 cm on the flame platform in the laminar flame burner; S13, controlling the flame treatment time and flame temperature of the laminar flame burner to flame treat the surface of the metal copper mesh, so that the surface copper atoms generate copper oxide nanorods under the action of thermal pressure stress, and a one-dimensional copper nanorod array is formed on the surface of the metal copper mesh after the flame treatment is completed.

3. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laminar flame burner is a methane premixed laminar flame, the air intake conditions are 0.52 L / min methane gas and 4.76-5.95 L / min air, and the fuel-oxygen equivalence ratio is 0.83-1.0; The flame treatment time is 10-30 minutes, and the flame temperature is controlled at 550-600°C.

4. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mesh number of the metal copper mesh is 20-80 meshes, the metal copper mesh is a 3×3 cm square mesh, and the mesh wire diameter is 0.2 mm.

5. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of preparing a transition metal precursor solution based on iron and cerium metal salt particles, immersing the flame-treated metal copper mesh in the transition metal precursor solution, and then drying to obtain a copper mesh substrate comprises the following steps: S21, selecting iron metal salt particles and cerium metal salt particles, respectively preparing monometallic precursor solutions, and uniformly mixing the two monometallic precursor solutions in a ratio of 1:1 to form a bimetallic precursor solution, and using the two monometallic precursor solutions and the bimetallic precursor solution as transition metal precursor solutions; S22. Randomly select a transition metal precursor liquid and drop it dropwise on the surface of the flame-treated metal copper mesh. After the dropwise addition is complete, dry it at 80° C. for one hour.

6. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 5, characterized in that: The iron metal salt particles include at least one of ferric nitrate, ferric acetate and ferric chloride; the cerium metal salt particles include at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium acetate and cerium chloride.

7. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 5, characterized in that: The iron metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form an iron metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the iron metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

8. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cerium metal salt particles are dissolved in pure water or ethanol to form a cerium metal precursor solution, and the salt solution concentration of the cerium metal precursor solution is higher than 0.5 mol / L.

9. The method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calcining the copper mesh substrate on a methane flame to obtain a transition metal-doped one-dimensional copper oxide nanorod catalyst comprises the following steps: S31, placing the copper mesh substrate above a laminar flame burner for flame treatment for 15 minutes, so that the metal salt particles undergo thermal decomposition to form metal oxides, which are loaded on the surface of the copper oxide nanorods; S32, cooling the copper mesh substrate after the flame treatment, collecting the powder falling off the surface of the copper mesh substrate, and obtaining transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods.

10. An application of transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods to eliminate carbon monoxide, characterized in that: The copper oxide nanorods prepared by the method for preparing transition metal-doped copper oxide nanorods according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are used to eliminate carbon monoxide gas.

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