Positive pressure protection device, ship and positive pressure protection method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship design and construction, and discloses a positive pressure protection device, a ship and a positive pressure protection method.The positive pressure protection device comprises a shell, a main draught fan, a standby draught fan, a first air brake, a second air brake, a pressure difference detector and a control system, the shell can communicate with a cabin, and the air supply end of the main draught fan and the air supply end of the standby draught fan both communicate with the shell; the first air brake is arranged between the air supply end of the main fan and the shell and used for controlling communication or closing between the main fan and the shell. The second air brake is arranged between the air supply end of the standby fan and the shell and used for controlling communication or closing between the standby fan and the shell. The pressure difference detector is used for detecting the air pressure difference inside and outside the cabin; and the control system is in communication connection with the main fan, the standby fan, the first air brake, the second air brake and the pressure difference detector. When the main fan breaks down, the control system can enable the positive pressure protection device to be immediately and automatically switched to the standby fan to supply air so as to maintain the positive pressure in the cabin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship design and construction, and in particular to a positive pressure protection device, a ship and a positive pressure protection method. Background Art

[0002] The area where an explosive gas environment may occur under normal working conditions is a hazardous area. For example, ro-ro ships or ro-ro passenger ships have areas for loading vehicles (hereinafter referred to as special spaces). Special spaces not higher than 450mm above the bulkhead deck are hazardous areas. All electrical equipment in hazardous areas must have explosion-proof functions; areas that are connected to hazardous areas through openings are expanded hazardous areas. Electrical equipment in expanded hazardous areas needs to have explosion-proof functions or be equipped with a positive pressure protection system to meet explosion-proof requirements.

[0003] Since electrical equipment with explosion-proof function is relatively expensive, in order to reduce costs, a positive pressure protection system is usually used to ventilate the expanded hazardous area to keep the interior in a positive pressure state to prevent flammable gases from entering and provide positive pressure protection for the expanded hazardous area.

[0004] The traditional positive pressure protection system uses fans to continuously supply air to the cabin to maintain positive pressure. When the fan fails, the pressure difference detector detects insufficient wind pressure and triggers an alarm. All electrical equipment in the cabin must be shut down immediately and the fan must be repaired. The electrical equipment in the cabin can only be turned on after the fan resumes normal operation. Due to the delay in manual response to the alarm, electrical equipment is exposed to the dangerous area and may be damaged or interrupted, resulting in risks in ship operation.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a positive pressure protection device, a ship and a positive pressure protection method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a positive pressure protection device, a ship and a positive pressure protection method, which can improve the automation level of the positive pressure protection device, improve the response speed to fan failure, avoid electrical equipment from being exposed to dangerous areas, prevent electrical equipment from being damaged or operating interruptions, ensure the safe operation of the ship, and reduce the construction cost of the ship.

[0007] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A positive pressure protection device comprises a shell, a main fan, a backup fan, a first damper, a second damper, a pressure difference detector and a control system, wherein the shell can be connected to a cabin, and the air supply end of the main fan and the air supply end of the backup fan are both connected to the shell; the first damper is arranged between the air supply end of the main fan and the shell, and is used to control the connection or closure between the main fan and the shell; the second damper is arranged between the air supply end of the backup fan and the shell, and is used to control the connection or closure between the backup fan and the shell; the pressure difference detector is used to detect the air pressure difference between the inside of the cabin and the outside of the cabin; the control system is communicatively connected to the main fan, the backup fan, the first damper, the second damper and the pressure difference detector.

[0009] Furthermore, the positive pressure protection device also includes an air compressor, an air supply end of the air compressor is connected to the shell, and a compressed air valve is provided between the air compressor and the shell, and the control system is communicatively connected to both the air compressor and the compressed air valve.

[0010] Further, a first ventilation duct is provided on the housing, and the main fan and the first damper are arranged in the first ventilation duct; and / or,

[0011] The shell is provided with a second ventilation duct, and the backup fan and the second damper are arranged in the second ventilation duct.

[0012] Furthermore, the second ventilation duct is arranged at an angle with the shell, and the positive pressure protection device also includes a support member, one end of which can be connected to the outer wall of the cabin, and the other end of which is connected to the second ventilation duct.

[0013] Furthermore, a controller is provided in the housing, and the controller is communicatively connected with the first damper, the second damper and the control system.

[0014] Furthermore, the positive pressure protection device further comprises a hood, and the air suction end of the main fan and / or the air suction end cover of the standby fan is provided with the hood; and / or,

[0015] The positive pressure protection device also includes an alarm unit, which is communicatively connected with the control system.

[0016] Furthermore, the warning value of the differential pressure detector is not less than 20Pa.

[0017] A ship comprises a cabin and the positive pressure protection device as described above, wherein the shell is connected to the cabin.

[0018] Furthermore, the cabin is provided with a vent, the vent is used to discharge the gas in the cabin, the vent is provided with a third wind gate, the third wind gate is used to control the opening and closing of the vent, and the control system is communicatively connected with the third wind gate.

[0019] A positive pressure protection method, characterized in that it is applied to the positive pressure protection device as described above, and the positive pressure protection method comprises:

[0020] When the main fan operates normally, the first damper remains open, the second damper remains closed, and the main fan supplies air into the cabin through the housing;

[0021] When the pressure difference detector detects that the air pressure difference between the inside of the cabin and the outside of the cabin is lower than the warning value, the control system controls the first damper to close, the second damper to open, and the backup fan to start, and the backup fan supplies air into the cabin through the casing.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention provides a positive pressure protection device, a ship and a positive pressure protection method, comprising a shell, a main fan, a backup fan, a first wind gate, a second wind gate, a pressure difference detector and a control system, wherein the shell can be connected to the cabin, and the air supply end of the main fan and the air supply end of the backup fan are both connected to the shell; the first wind gate is arranged between the air supply end of the main fan and the shell, and is used to control the connection or closure between the main fan and the shell; the second wind gate is arranged between the air supply end of the backup fan and the shell, and is used to control the connection or closure between the backup fan and the shell; the pressure difference detector is used to detect the air pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin, that is, to expand the air pressure difference between the dangerous area and the dangerous area; the control system is communicatively connected with the main fan, the backup fan, the first wind gate, the second wind gate and the pressure difference detector. When the main fan is working normally, the first damper is opened, the second damper is in a closed state, the main fan is connected to the shell, and the main fan can supply air to the cabin through the shell to maintain the air pressure inside the cabin greater than the air pressure outside the cabin, and use the pressure difference between the inside and outside to prevent the flammable gas in the dangerous area from entering the cabin; when the main fan fails, the pressure difference detector detects that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin is lower than the warning value, and the pressure difference detector sends an alarm signal to the control system. The control system controls the first damper to close and opens the second damper to connect the standby fan to the shell. At the same time, the control system starts the standby fan, and the standby fan supplies air to the cabin through the shell to ensure that the cabin maintains positive pressure. By connecting the control system with the main fan, the standby fan, the first damper, the second damper and the pressure difference detector, the control system can respond to the alarm of the pressure difference detector in time and automatically and seamlessly switch to the standby fan for air supply, thereby improving the automation level of the positive pressure protection device, improving the response speed of the positive pressure protection device to fan failure, avoiding electrical equipment from being exposed to the dangerous area, and then preventing electrical equipment from being damaged or interrupted, ensuring the safe operation of the ship, and helping to reduce the construction cost of the ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a positive pressure protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a positive pressure protection device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure:

[0027] 100. Cabin;

[0028] 1. Shell; 2. Main fan; 3. Backup fan; 4. First damper; 5. Second damper; 6. Pressure difference detector; 7. Air compressor; 8. Compressed air valve; 9. First ventilation duct; 10. Second ventilation duct; 11. Compressed air interface; 12. Support; 13. Controller; 14. Wind hood. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a positive pressure protection device, including a shell 1, a main fan 2, a backup fan 3, a first damper 4, a second damper 5, a pressure difference detector 6 and a control system, the shell 1 can be connected to the cabin 100, and the air supply end of the main fan 2 and the air supply end of the backup fan 3 are both connected to the shell 1; the first damper 4 is arranged between the air supply end of the main fan 2 and the shell 1, and is used to control the connection or closure between the main fan 2 and the shell 1; the second damper 5 is arranged between the air supply end of the backup fan 3 and the shell 1, and is used to control the connection or closure between the backup fan 3 and the shell 1; the pressure difference detector 6 is used to detect the air pressure difference between the inside of the cabin 100 and the outside of the cabin 100, that is, to expand the air pressure difference between the dangerous area and the dangerous area; the control system is communicatively connected with the main fan 2, the backup fan 3, the first damper 4, the second damper 5 and the pressure difference detector 6.

[0034] When the main fan 2 is working normally, the first wind gate 4 is opened and the second wind gate 5 is in a closed state. The main fan 2 is connected to the shell 1, and the main fan 2 can supply air to the cabin 100 through the shell 1 to maintain the air pressure in the cabin 100 greater than the air pressure outside the cabin 100, and use the pressure difference between the inside and outside to prevent the flammable gas in the dangerous area from entering the cabin 100; when the main fan 2 fails, the pressure difference detector 6 detects that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin 100 is lower than the warning value, and the pressure difference detector 6 sends an alarm signal to the control system. The control system controls the first wind gate 4 to close and opens the second wind gate 5 to connect the backup fan 3 with the shell 1. At the same time, the control system starts the backup fan 3, and the backup fan 3 supplies air to the cabin 100 through the shell 1 to ensure that positive pressure is maintained in the cabin 100. By connecting the control system to the main fan 2, the standby fan 3, the first wind gate 4, the second wind gate 5 and the pressure difference detector 6, the control system can respond to the alarm of the pressure difference detector 6 in time and automatically and seamlessly switch to the standby fan 3 for air supply, thereby improving the automation level of the positive pressure protection device, improving the response speed and efficiency of the positive pressure protection device to fan failure, avoiding electrical equipment from being exposed to dangerous areas, thereby preventing electrical equipment from being damaged or interrupted in operation, ensuring the safety of ship operation, and helping to reduce the construction cost of the ship. Among them, by controlling the opening and closing of the first wind gate 4 and the second wind gate 5 through the control system, the sealing between the shell 1 and the cabin 100 can be ensured, which is conducive to maintaining the positive pressure in the cabin 100.

[0035] Among them, the warning value of the pressure difference detector 6 is not less than 20Pa to prevent the combustible gas from entering the cabin 100 and ensure the safety of the electrical equipment in the cabin 100.

[0036] In this embodiment, the differential pressure detector 6 is arranged on the housing 1 to improve the compactness of the positive pressure protection device structure. Optionally, the differential pressure detector 6 can also be arranged on the cabin 100, which is not limited here. The differential pressure detector 6 includes but is not limited to components that provide pressure signal output or pressure signal output using air pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors, differential pressure dampers, etc., which are not limited here.

[0037] Furthermore, since the power of the backup fan 3 is relatively small, the wind pressure and air volume provided may be smaller than the wind pressure and air volume of the main fan 2, the positive pressure protection device can selectively set more than one backup fan 3, and the control system can selectively control the number of backup fans 3 turned on, so as to ensure that the air pressure in the cabin 100 is high enough when the main fan 2 fails, and prevent a backup fan 3 from failing. Exemplarily, the number of backup fans 3 can be set to two, three, four or six, etc., which is not limited here.

[0038] In order to further improve the reliability of the positive pressure protection device, the positive pressure protection device also includes an air compressor 7, the air supply end of the air compressor 7 is connected to the shell 1, and a compressed air valve 8 is arranged between the air compressor 7 and the shell 1, the control system is communicatively connected with the air compressor 7 and the compressed air valve 8, when the pressure difference detector 6 detects that the pressure difference provided by the standby fan 3 is insufficient, after the control system receives the feedback signal from the pressure difference detector 6, the control system controls the air compression valve to open, and starts the air compressor 7 at the same time, and the air compressor 7 inputs compressed air into the cabin 100 through the shell 1 to maintain the positive pressure state in the cabin 100.

[0039] By integrating the main fan 2, the backup fan 3 and the air compressor 7 around the shell 1, the positive pressure protection device can provide multiple protections for the cabin 100, prevent electrical equipment from being exposed to dangerous areas, greatly improve the safety of electrical equipment in the cabin 100, and help ensure the safe operation of the ship.

[0040] In some embodiments, a first ventilation duct 9 is provided on the shell 1, and the main fan 2 and the first damper 4 are arranged in the first ventilation duct 9. By setting the first ventilation duct 9, the installation of the main fan 2 can be facilitated, and the first damper 4 is set in the first ventilation duct 9. The first damper 4 is controlled to block the first ventilation duct 9, so that the main fan 2 and the shell 1 can be closed, preventing the gas input by the backup fan 3 or the air compressor 7 from leaking through the main fan 2, which is beneficial to improving the air supply efficiency.

[0041] Similarly, a second ventilation duct 10 is provided on the shell 1, and the backup fan 3 and the second damper 5 are arranged in the second ventilation duct 10 to prevent leakage of the gas input by the main fan 2 or the air compressor 7, which will not be elaborated here.

[0042] In addition, a compressed air interface 11 is provided on the housing 1 , and the compressed air interface 11 is communicated with the compressed air valve 8 , so as to seal the compressed air valve 8 and the housing 1 .

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to adapt to the working environment, in some embodiments, the shell 1 is in a cubic shape, and the first ventilation duct 9 and the second ventilation duct 10 are both arranged on the top of the shell 1 in the vertical direction. The positive pressure protection device has a compact structure and occupies little space, which is convenient for installation in a small space on a ship. The positive pressure protection device has a reasonable structural distribution and a high structural strength, and can provide sufficient support for the main fan 2 and the standby fan 3.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to adapt to the working environment, in other embodiments, the housing 1 is cylindrical, and the second ventilation duct 10 is arranged at an angle with the housing 1. However, under the gravity of the standby fan 3, the second ventilation duct 10 is easy to bend. To solve the above problem, the positive pressure protection device further includes a support member 12, one end of the support member 12 can be connected to the outer wall of the cabin 100, and the other end is connected to the second ventilation duct 10, thereby providing sufficient support force for the second ventilation duct 10.

[0045] Since the first damper 4 and the second damper 5 are arranged inside the pipeline, a controller 13 is also provided in the shell 1. The controller 13 is communicatively connected with the first damper 4, the second damper 5 and the control system. The control system can transmit signals through the controller 13 to realize the opening and closing of the first damper 4 and the second damper 5.

[0046] Furthermore, the positive pressure protection device also includes a hood 14. The suction end of the main fan 2 and / or the suction end cover of the standby fan 3 is provided with a hood 14. The hood 14 can prevent foreign debris from entering the suction end of the main fan 2 and / or the suction end of the standby fan 3, and can resist the impact of strong winds at sea on the ventilation system, ensuring that the positive pressure protection device is not disturbed. Specifically, the hood 14 is a mushroom-shaped hood. There is a float inside the mushroom-shaped hood, which has the function of automatic closing and opening, and can automatically adjust the pressure in the pipeline. In other embodiments, the hood 14 includes but is not limited to the use of an umbrella-shaped hood, a conical hood or a cylindrical hood, etc., which is not limited here. Among them, the specific structures of the mushroom-shaped hood, the umbrella-shaped hood, the conical hood and the cylindrical hood are prior art and are not repeated here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the positive pressure protection device also includes an alarm unit (not shown in the figure), which is communicated with the control system. When the pressure differential detector 6 detects that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin 100 is lower than the warning value, the pressure differential detector 6 sends an alarm signal to the control system. After receiving the alarm signal, the control system sends an alarm signal to the alarm unit. The alarm unit receives the alarm signal and sends a sound alarm and / or a light alarm to prompt the staff to inspect and repair the main fan 2.

[0048] The control system of this embodiment can be a separate system or share the ship automation system. The alarm unit is a physical unit with an alarm function, such as a computer display or a PLC display module. The alarm unit can be a separate component installed in the ship's cab and control room, or share the hardware of the ship automation system.

[0049] The present embodiment also provides a ship, comprising a cabin 100 and a positive pressure protection device of any of the above embodiments, the shell 1 is connected to the cabin 100, and when the main fan 2 fails, the control system can promptly close the first wind gate 4, open the second wind gate 5 and start the backup fan 3 to continue to supply air to the cabin 100, thereby improving the automation level of the positive pressure protection device and the response speed to fan failures, avoiding exposure of electrical equipment to dangerous areas, preventing damage to electrical equipment or interruption of operation, ensuring the safe operation of the ship, and reducing the construction cost of the ship.

[0050] Furthermore, a vent is provided on the cabin 100, and the vent is used to discharge the gas in the cabin 100. Since the wind pressure and air volume provided by the backup fan 3 and the air compressor 7 are not as good as those of the main fan, in order to maintain the positive pressure in the cabin 100, a third wind gate is provided in the vent, and the third wind gate is used to control the opening and closing of the vent. The control system is communicated with the third wind gate. When the main fan 2 fails, the control system immediately closes the third wind gate so that the pressure difference between the cabin 100 and the outside world can be greater than the warning value of the pressure difference detector 6, thereby ensuring that the electrical equipment in the cabin 100 can be continuously powered without considering the impact of the explosion-proof level, so that non-explosion-proof electrical equipment can operate normally, balancing the construction cost and operating efficiency, and maximizing the interests of shipowners and shipyards, providing an economical and practical solution for the shipbuilding industry.

[0051] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a positive pressure protection method, which is applied to the positive pressure protection device of any of the above embodiments. The positive pressure protection method includes:

[0052] When the main fan 2 works normally, the first damper 4 remains open, the second damper 5 remains closed, and the main fan 2 delivers air into the cabin 100 through the housing 1;

[0053] When the pressure difference detector 6 detects that the pressure difference between the inside of the cabin 100 and the outside of the cabin 100 is lower than the warning value, the control system controls the first damper 4 to close, the second damper 5 to open, and the standby fan 3 to start, and the standby fan 3 supplies air to the cabin 100 through the housing 1. By adopting the positive pressure protection device, the automation level of the positive pressure protection device and the response speed to fan failure are improved, the electrical equipment is prevented from being exposed to the dangerous area, the electrical equipment is prevented from being damaged or the operation is interrupted, the operation safety of the ship is guaranteed, and the construction cost of the ship is reduced.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positive pressure protection device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1), a main fan (2), a standby fan (3), a first damper (4), a second damper (5), a pressure difference detector (6) and a control system; the housing (1) is capable of being communicated with a cabin (100), and the air supply end of the main fan (2) and the air supply end of the standby fan (3) are both communicated with the housing (1); the first damper (4) is arranged between the air supply end of the main fan (2) and the housing (1), and is used to control the communication between the main fan (2) and the housing (1) or The second damper (5) is arranged between the air supply end of the standby fan (3) and the housing (1) to control the connection or closure between the standby fan (3) and the housing (1); the differential pressure detector (6) is used to detect the air pressure difference between the inside of the cabin (100) and the outside of the cabin (100); the control system is communicatively connected with the main fan (2), the standby fan (3), the first damper (4), the second damper (5) and the differential pressure detector (6).

2. The positive pressure protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure protection device further comprises an air compressor (7), an air supply end of the air compressor (7) being in communication with the housing (1), and a compressed air valve (8) being provided between the air compressor (7) and the housing (1), and the control system being in communication connection with both the air compressor (7) and the compressed air valve (8).

3. The positive pressure protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with a first ventilation duct (9), and the main fan (2) and the first damper (4) are arranged in the first ventilation duct (9); and / or, A second ventilation duct (10) is provided on the housing (1), and the standby fan (3) and the second damper (5) are arranged in the second ventilation duct (10).

4. The positive pressure protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second ventilation duct (10) is arranged at an angle with the shell (1), and the positive pressure protection device also includes a support member (12), one end of which can be connected to the outer wall of the cabin (100), and the other end of which is connected to the second ventilation duct (10).

5. The positive pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A controller (13) is also provided in the housing (1), and the controller (13) is communicatively connected with the first damper (4), the second damper (5) and the control system.

6. The positive pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The positive pressure protection device further comprises a hood (14), and the hood (14) is provided at the air suction end of the main fan (2) and / or the air suction end cover of the standby fan (3); and / or, The positive pressure protection device also includes an alarm unit, which is communicatively connected with the control system.

7. The positive pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The warning value of the differential pressure detector (6) is not less than 20 Pa.

8. A ship, characterized in that: It comprises a cabin (100) and a positive pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the shell (1) is in communication with the cabin (100).

9. The ship according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cabin (100) is provided with a vent, the vent is used to discharge the gas in the cabin (100), a third damper is provided in the vent, the third damper is used to control the opening and closing of the vent, and the control system is in communication connection with the third damper.

10. A positive pressure protection method, characterized in that: Applied to the positive pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the positive pressure protection method comprises: When the main fan (2) operates normally, the first damper (4) remains open, the second damper (5) remains closed, and the main fan (2) supplies air into the cabin (100) through the housing (1); When the pressure difference detector (6) detects that the air pressure difference between the interior of the cabin (100) and the exterior of the cabin (100) is lower than the warning value, the control system controls the first damper (4) to close, the second damper (5) to open, and the backup fan (3) to start, and the backup fan (3) supplies air into the cabin (100) through the housing (1).

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