Beam width reconfigurable antenna and base station

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a beam width reconfigurable antenna and a base station, and the antenna comprises a main radiation unit which is used for generating a first electromagnetic wave based on a feed network; and the plurality of groups of electric control parasitic units are arranged around the main radiation unit and are used for generating second electromagnetic waves, so that the first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves are fused to generate third electromagnetic waves, and beam widths of a directional diagram of the third electromagnetic waves on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane are adjustable. According to the invention, the problem that the requirements of different communication environments are difficult to meet in the prior art is at least solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular to a beam width reconfigurable antenna and a base station. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of communication technology, beamwidth reconfigurable antennas, as an important communication device, have been widely used in wireless communication systems. A beamwidth reconfigurable antenna is an antenna that can adjust the beamwidth according to actual needs. By controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna, the directivity and beamwidth of the antenna can be adjusted. Traditional beamwidth reconfigurable antennas usually use fixed radiation units and corresponding control circuits to adjust the beamwidth by adjusting circuit parameters. This antenna design meets the communication system's demand for adjustable beamwidth to a certain extent, but there are still some limitations.

[0003] However, in the face of the complexity and diversity of the actual communication environment, different communication scenarios have different requirements for beam width. For example, in indoor environments, due to the multipath effect and interference of signals, narrower beam width can improve the signal's focusing ability and anti-interference ability, while in outdoor environments, wider beam width can provide greater coverage and signal transmission efficiency.

[0004] However, traditional beamwidth reconfigurable antennas can often only provide fixed beamwidth, which is difficult to meet the needs of different communication environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a beam width reconfigurable antenna and a base station, so as to at least solve the problem in the related art that the beam width reconfigurable antenna is difficult to meet the requirements of different communication environments.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a beam width reconfigurable antenna, comprising:

[0007] A main radiation unit, configured to generate a first electromagnetic wave based on a feeding network;

[0008] A plurality of groups of electrically controlled parasitic units are arranged around the main radiation unit and are used to generate a second electromagnetic wave so that the first electromagnetic wave and the second electromagnetic wave are merged to generate a third electromagnetic wave, and the beam width of the radiation pattern of the third electromagnetic wave in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane is adjustable.

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a base station is provided, comprising the above-mentioned antenna.

[0010] Through the present invention, compared with the traditional fixed beam width reconfigurable antenna, the advantage of the solution of the present invention lies in the presence of multiple groups of electrically controlled parasitic units. These parasitic units can independently control the output of the second electromagnetic wave, and combined with the first electromagnetic wave output by the main radiation unit, different beam widths in the horizontal and vertical planes can be adjusted. By adjusting the working state and parameters of these parasitic units, the antenna beam width can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different communication environments. Therefore, the solution of the present invention can solve the problem that the traditional beam width reconfigurable antenna can only provide a fixed beam width. It realizes adjustable beam width in the horizontal and vertical planes through the design of multiple groups of electrically controlled parasitic units. In this way, whether in an indoor environment or an outdoor environment, the beam width of the antenna can be adjusted according to actual needs, thereby improving the performance and adaptability of the communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a first viewing angle. Figure 1 ;

[0012] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a first viewing angle. Figure 2 ;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna with reconfigurable beam width at a second viewing angle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a parasitic patch, a dielectric substrate, a floor, and a feeding substrate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a parasitic patch, a dielectric substrate, a floor, a feed substrate, and a side wall block according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the main radiation unit and the feeding network of Example 1 of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the feeding network of Example 1 of the present application is a series multi-point feeding network;

[0018] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the feeding network of Example 1 of the present application is a parallel multi-point feeding network;

[0019] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna with reconfigurable beam width at a first viewing angle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0020] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna at a second viewing angle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0021] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of a dielectric substrate according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Fig.12 yes Fig.10 A local enlarged view of the area marked B in the middle;

[0023] Fig.13 yes Fig.10 A local enlarged view of the area marked C in the middle;

[0024] Fig.14 yes Fig.10 A local enlarged view of the area marked D in the middle;

[0025] Fig.15 yes Fig.11 A local enlarged view of the area marked E in the middle;

[0026] Fig.16 yes Fig.11 A local enlarged view of the area marked F in the middle;

[0027] Fig.17 yes Fig.11 A local enlarged view of the area marked G in the middle;

[0028] Fig.18 is a directional diagram of narrow polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.19 is a directional pattern of narrow and wide polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 20 is a directional diagram of wide and narrow polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.21 is a directional diagram of wide polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. main radiating unit; 11. radiating patch; 111. partition groove; 12. side wall block; 2. first group of electrically controlled parasitic units; 3. second group of electrically controlled parasitic units; 4. first electrically controlled switch; 5. second electrically controlled switch; 6. floor; 61. slot; 7. feeding network; 71. input port; 72. output port; 73. output branch; 74. main line; 8. dielectric substrate; 9. conductive metal body; 10. feeding substrate; 101. supporting block; A1. parasitic patch; A2. adjusting conductor; A3. short-circuit conductor; 20. dielectric plate; 30. first metal strip line; 40. adjusting metal strip; 50. second metal strip line; 60. short-circuit metal strip; 70. conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0035] In this embodiment, a beam width reconfigurable antenna is provided, including:

[0036] A main radiation unit, configured to generate a first electromagnetic wave based on a feeding network;

[0037] The main radiation unit of the present invention has high radiation efficiency and directivity, which can be achieved by selecting appropriate antenna structure and material. For example, the main radiation unit can adopt a microstrip antenna, an antenna array or other antenna structures with good radiation characteristics.

[0038] The main radiation unit is fed by a feeding network to adjust the radiation characteristics of the first electromagnetic wave. The feeding network may include different network elements, such as filters, couplers, phase shifters, etc. These network elements adjust the radiation characteristics of the first electromagnetic wave by adjusting their parameters.

[0039] By simulating and analyzing the parameters of the feeding network, the appropriate network element types, parameters and layout can be determined to obtain the required first electromagnetic wave.

[0040] After the simulation analysis is completed, the feeding network is integrated with the main radiating element. The network components are connected to the appropriate position of the main radiating element to ensure that the signal can be transmitted and radiated correctly.

[0041] Finally, tests and adjustments are performed to ensure that the main radiating element can generate the required first electromagnetic wave based on the feed network. The test can be performed using antenna test equipment (such as an antenna test bench or an antenna tester) and a signal source (such as a signal generator). The test can evaluate the radiation characteristics and beam width of the antenna and make necessary adjustments and optimizations.

[0042] Through the above manner, the main radiation unit can generate the required first electromagnetic wave based on the feeding network.

[0043] A plurality of electrically controlled parasitic units are arranged around the main radiation unit, and are used to generate a second electromagnetic wave, so that the first electromagnetic wave and the second electromagnetic wave are merged to generate a third electromagnetic wave, and the beam width of the directivity diagram of the third electromagnetic wave in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane is adjustable. The second electromagnetic wave is generated by the plurality of electrically controlled parasitic units, and interacts with the first electromagnetic wave generated by the main radiation unit, for example, by performing phase superposition or amplitude superposition, to generate the third electromagnetic wave. By adjusting the electrically controlled parasitic units to change the phase or amplitude of the second electromagnetic wave, the direction or beam of the third electromagnetic wave can be changed, and then the beam width of the directivity diagram of the third electromagnetic wave in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane can be changed.

[0044] Furthermore, the electrically controlled parasitic unit may include:

[0045] a parasitic patch for outputting a second electromagnetic wave according to the current flowing therethrough;

[0046] A parasitic patch is a special inductor that generates a second electromagnetic wave by the current flowing through it. The design and material selection of the parasitic patch will affect its inductance value and the output effect of the second electromagnetic wave.

[0047] A floor, used to pass current with the parasitic patch;

[0048] The floor refers to the ground plane or substrate connected to the parasitic patch. The function of the floor is to provide a low-impedance loop so that the current flowing through the parasitic patch can flow out of the parasitic patch, or the current flowing through the floor flows into the parasitic patch to form a closed loop.

[0049] A short-circuit component is disposed between the parasitic patch and the floor, and is used to connect the parasitic patch and the floor;

[0050] The short-circuit component refers to a group of connecting conductors set between the parasitic patch and the floor. The function of the short-circuit component is to guide the current flowing through the parasitic patch to the floor, or to guide the current from the floor to the parasitic patch, so as to realize a closed loop of the current. By adjusting the shape and position of the short-circuit component, the distribution and path of the current can be affected, thereby changing the second electromagnetic wave output by the parasitic patch.

[0051] The regulating component is arranged between the parasitic patch and the floor, and is used for regulating the flow path of the current between the parasitic patch and the floor, so as to change the flow path of the current on the parasitic patch, so that the parasitic patch outputs a different second electromagnetic wave.

[0052] The regulating component refers to a set of adjustable components arranged between the parasitic patch and the floor. The regulating component is used to control the flow of current between the parasitic patch and the floor, thereby changing the distribution and flow direction of the current on the parasitic patch. By adjusting the parameters of the regulating component (such as size, shape, position, etc.), the output of the second electromagnetic wave by the parasitic patch can be adjusted.

[0053] In summary, the parasitic patch generates a second electromagnetic wave through the current flowing through it, the floor provides a loop to allow current to flow out / in, the short-circuit component conducts the current to the floor, or it can also reverse the current of the floor to the parasitic patch, and the adjustment component adjusts the second electromagnetic wave output of the parasitic patch by changing the flow of current.

[0054] Further, the short-circuit assembly may include:

[0055] At least one set of short-circuit conductors, one end of which is used to connect the parasitic patch and the other end of which is used to connect the floor, so that the parasitic patch and the floor are connected. As part of the short-circuit component, the short-circuit conductor cooperates with the parasitic patch and the floor, and through good electrical contact and conductive properties, achieves the effect of directing the current flowing through the parasitic patch to the floor, or directing the current of the floor to the parasitic patch. This ensures that the current can form a closed loop, so that the parasitic patch can work normally and output the required second electromagnetic wave.

[0056] Further, the adjustment component includes:

[0057] A regulating conductor, located on one side of the short-circuit conductor, one end of which is used to connect to the parasitic patch and the other end of which is used to connect to the floor through an electrically controlled switch;

[0058] An electrically controlled switch used to change the flow of current between the regulating conductor and the floor.

[0059] The setting of the regulating conductor facilitates the conduction between the parasitic patch and the floor, and the setting of the electric control switch facilitates the change of the flow mode of the current on the regulating conductor. For example, when the electric control switch is in the on state, the current on the regulating conductor first flows through the electric control switch and then flows into the floor. When the electric control switch is in the off state, the current in the regulating conductor flows into the floor by radiation. Although the current in the regulating conductor can enter the floor regardless of the state of the electric control switch. However, the two working modes of the electric control switch can change the flow mode of the current. The two flow modes of the current combined with the function of the short-circuit conductor can change the flow path of the current on the parasitic patch.

[0060] Therefore, by controlling the state of the electric control switch, the effect of selecting the current to flow through the regulating conductor or the short-circuit conductor can be achieved, thereby changing the flow path of the current on the parasitic patch. In this way, the intensity or direction of the second electromagnetic wave output by the parasitic patch can be adjusted, and the second electromagnetic wave can be regulated and controlled.

[0061] Furthermore, the main radiation unit adopts an air medium microstrip antenna.

[0062] Specifically, the air-medium microstrip antenna is a type of antenna used for wireless communications. The substrate of the microstrip antenna is usually a non-conductive material such as glass fiber, ceramic or polymer. The working principle of this antenna is based on the radiation of the microstrip patch and the resonance of the conductor. Microstrip antennas can achieve wide bandwidth at a small size, so they are widely used in microwave and millimeter wave band applications. It has the advantages of small size, light weight, low manufacturing cost and easy integration, so it has been widely used in wireless communications, satellite communications, radar and wireless sensor networks.

[0063] Furthermore, the main radiation unit may include:

[0064] A dielectric substrate is disposed on one side of the floor;

[0065] The dielectric substrate is the basic component of the main radiation unit and is set on one side of the floor. It provides a support and stable platform, and can also act as a dielectric to change the propagation properties of electromagnetic waves. By selecting different dielectric materials and designing different structures, the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, impedance matching and other characteristics can be adjusted.

[0066] The radiation patch is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate to generate the first electromagnetic wave according to the current flowing through it; the radiation patch is one of the most important components in the main radiation unit, and it generates the first electromagnetic wave through the current flowing through it. The shape and size of the radiation patch determine the frequency and radiation characteristics of the generated electromagnetic wave. By using radiation patches of different shapes and sizes, the frequency and radiation direction of the radiated electromagnetic wave can be adjusted.

[0067] A plurality of side wall blocks are arranged between the dielectric substrate and the radiation patch, with one end connected to the dielectric substrate and the other end connected to the radiation patch, so that there is a distance between the radiation patch and the dielectric substrate and the output signal of the feed network is transmitted to the radiation patch.

[0068] The sidewall block is a component located between the dielectric substrate and the radiating patch, with one end connected to the dielectric substrate and the other end connected to the radiating patch. Its function is to create a certain distance between the dielectric substrate and the radiating patch and transmit the signal output by the feed network to the radiating patch. The design of the sidewall block can affect the radiation effect and radiation characteristics of the radiating patch, such as increasing the radiation efficiency of the radiating patch and reducing the coupling between the radiating patch and the dielectric substrate.

[0069] Furthermore, the feeding network is a multi-output port network for feeding the main radiating unit so that the main radiating unit outputs the first electromagnetic wave.

[0070] The feeding network can be composed of multiple branches, and each branch can be set with different phases and amplitudes. These branches can adjust the phase and amplitude through components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. By adjusting the parameters of the feeding network, the first electromagnetic wave output by the radiating patch can be adjusted. For example, by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each branch, the radiating patch can output greater power in a specific direction, thereby adjusting the radiation direction; or by adjusting the phase difference of each branch, the radiating patch can be consistent in phase in a specific direction, thereby achieving a beamforming effect. The technical solution of the present invention is mainly to output output signals with different phases by changing the phase difference of each branch. By adjusting the amplitude of the output signal, the amplitudes of multiple groups of output signals can be kept the same.

[0071] In short, the feeding network can adjust the first electromagnetic wave output by the radiating patch by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the input signal. In this way, the direction, intensity and other parameters of the electromagnetic wave radiation can be controlled to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0072] Furthermore, the feeding network comprises:

[0073] Input port is used to obtain input signal; the input port is used to obtain input signal, which can be connected to an external control system or signal source. Through the input port, the input signal can be provided to the feeding network to adjust the phase and amplitude of the output signal of multiple groups of output ports.

[0074] A plurality of groups of output ports, configured to output a plurality of groups of output signals based on the input signal, so that the primary radiation unit generates a first electromagnetic wave;

[0075] Each output port can provide an independent output signal. By adjusting the parameters of each branch in the feeding network, the phase and amplitude of the output signal can be adjusted. Therefore, each output port can output a signal with different phase and amplitude, thereby realizing the control of the first electromagnetic wave generated by the main radiating unit.

[0076] The multiple groups of output branches have different lengths, so that the multiple groups of output ports output multiple groups of output signals with the same amplitude and different phases.

[0077] Multiple groups of output branches are key components of the feed network, and they have different lengths. The different lengths of multiple groups of output branches will result in different time delays for the signal to reach each output port. By adjusting the length of each output branch, multiple groups of output ports can output output signals with the same amplitude and different phases. Specifically, by controlling the length of the output branch, the propagation time of the input signal in the branch can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the phase difference of the input signal reaching each output port.

[0078] In summary, the input port is used to obtain the input signal, the multiple groups of output ports are used to output multiple groups of output signals based on the input signal, and the different lengths of the multiple groups of output branches are used to achieve the output signals with the same amplitude and different phases from the multiple groups of output ports. By adjusting the parameters and structures of these components, the control of the generation of the first electromagnetic wave by the main radiation unit can be achieved.

[0079] Furthermore, a feeding point is provided at the end of each group of side wall blocks, so that the output signal enters the side wall block through the feeding point.

[0080] The feeding point may be a conductive patch, and the feeding point is connected to the end of the side wall block by bonding or welding.

[0081] Furthermore, it also includes: a plurality of groups of conductive metal bodies, one end of each group of conductive metal bodies is connected to the feeding point, and the other end is connected to the output port of the feeding network.

[0082] Through the above solution, the output signal output by the output port of the feeding network can be transmitted to the side wall block through the conductive metal body, and then transmitted to the radiation patch, so as to facilitate feeding the radiation patch. Since the conductive metal body has a certain length, the distance between the radiation patch and the feeding network can be extended, and the degree of interference between the first electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation patch and the electromagnetic wave generated by the feeding network can be reduced.

[0083] Furthermore, the radiation patch is provided with a plurality of partition grooves.

[0084] When current flows on the radiation patch, the setting of the partition groove can block the current, allowing the current to flow around the partition groove, effectively extending the flow path of the current so that the radiation patch generates different first electromagnetic waves.

[0085] Furthermore, the plurality of groups of electrically controlled parasitic units are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main radiation unit.

[0086] Furthermore, the multiple groups of output ports are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main radiation unit, and the multiple groups of output branches with different lengths enable the multiple groups of output ports to output multiple groups of output signals with the same amplitude and equidistantly distributed phases.

[0087] Furthermore, the multiple groups of side wall blocks are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the radiation patch.

[0088] Further, the feeding point is located at a middle position of the end of the side wall block.

[0089] Furthermore, the shape of the radiation patch is circular or polygonal.

[0090] Furthermore, the cross section of the parasitic patch is rectangular or arc-shaped.

[0091] Furthermore, the feeding network is a series multi-point feeding network or a parallel multi-point feeding network.

[0092] Furthermore, the side wall block is detachably connected to the radiation patch and the dielectric substrate.

[0093] Furthermore, the numbers of output ports, conductive metal bodies, feeding points and side wall blocks are consistent.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the above contents are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0095] Embodiment 1:

[0096] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a first viewing angle. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a first viewing angle. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a second viewing angle. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the electrically controlled parasitic units are preferably four groups, including a first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 and a second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3. Two groups of the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 are provided, symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the main radiating unit 1. Two groups of the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 are provided, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the main radiating unit 1. Of course, the two groups of the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 can also be arranged on the front and rear sides of the main radiating unit 1, and the two groups of the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 can also be arranged on the left and right sides of the main radiating unit 1, which is not limited here.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 and the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 are both located on one side close to the main radiation unit 1 (eg Figure 3 The first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 and the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 can be arranged in parallel with each other (as shown in the figure). Figure 3As shown in the figure), they may also be close to the main radiation unit 1, arranged obliquely, and surround the main radiation unit 1 (not shown in the figure).

[0098] A set of short-circuit components preferably includes two short-circuit conductors A3, and a set of adjustment components includes an adjustment conductor A2 and an electric control switch. The adjustment conductor A2 is located in the middle of the two short-circuit conductors A3, and both the short-circuit conductor A3 and the adjustment conductor A2 are conductive metal columns.

[0099] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the parasitic patch A1, the dielectric substrate 8, the floor 6, and the feed substrate 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the floor 6 is provided with a slot groove 61, and the setting of the slot groove 61 can separate the regulating conductor A2 from the floor 6. The electric control switch is located in the slot groove 61, one end of the electric control switch is connected to the end of the regulating conductor A2 away from the parasitic patch A1, and the other end of the electric control switch is connected to the slot wall of the slot groove 61, so as to facilitate adjusting the current flow state of the regulating conductor A2 according to the state of the electric control switch. When the electric control switch is in the off state, the current flows through the parasitic patch A1, and mainly flows into the floor 6 through the two short-circuit conductors A3. When the electric control switch is in the on state, the current flows out from the parasitic patch A1, and not only flows into the floor 6 through the two short-circuit conductors A3, but also flows into the floor 6 through the regulating conductor A2. Since the adjustment conductor A2 is located between the two short-circuit conductors A3, the current on the parasitic patch A1 has an additional flow path to flow into the floor 6, so that it is easy to change the flow path of the current on the parasitic patch A1, thereby changing the second electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic patch A1, and then changing the coupling relationship between the second electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic patch A1 and the first electromagnetic wave generated by the main radiation unit 1, generating a third electromagnetic wave, so as to change the beam width of the directivity diagram of the third electromagnetic wave. Therefore, since a first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 is provided, the beam width in the horizontal direction can be changed by the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2, and a second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 is provided, and the beam width in the vertical direction can be changed by the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3. Of course, the beam width in the vertical direction can also be changed by the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2, and the beam width in the horizontal direction can be changed by the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3, which is not limited here.

[0100] Further, the electric control switch preferably includes a first electric control switch 4 and a second electric control switch 5, wherein the first electric control switch 4 is used to adjust the flow mode of the current between the regulating conductor A2 of the first group of electric control parasitic units 2 and the floor, and the second electric control switch 5 is used to adjust the flow mode of the current between the regulating conductor A2 of the second group of electric control parasitic units 3 and the floor. The relevant adjustment mode refers to the above content and will not be described in detail here.

[0101] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation and fixation of the adjustment conductor A2, a support block 101 is further provided in the slot groove 61. The support block 101 is located at one end of the adjustment conductor A2 away from the parasitic patch A1, and is used to support the adjustment conductor A2. The support block 101 is an insulator, which further effectively isolates the adjustment conductor A2 from the floor 6. And the support block 101 is detachably connected to the slot groove 61, and can be connected to the floor 6 by bonding or welding, etc., which is not limited here. The detachable connection facilitates the replacement of components such as the adjustment conductor A2, the parasitic patch A1, and the floor 6.

[0102] Furthermore, in order to more conveniently replace the adjustment conductor A2, the parasitic patch A1, the floor 6 and other components, the support block 101 may not be connected to the floor 6. When the feed substrate 10 is located on the side of the floor 6 away from the dielectric substrate 8, when the beam width reconfigurable antenna is installed and integrated, the dielectric substrate 8, the floor 6, and the feed substrate 10 are parallel to each other, and the dielectric substrate 8 abuts against the floor 6, and the floor 6 abuts against the feed substrate 10, so that the support block 101 abuts against the feed substrate 10, so that the feed substrate 10 can support the support block 101, thereby facilitating the fixing of the support block 101.

[0103] Furthermore, the radiation patch 11 is a rectangular block, and is provided with four partition grooves 111, which are respectively arranged at four sides of the radiation patch 11. Therefore, when the current flows near the side of the radiation patch 11, the arrangement of the partition grooves 111 can make the current avoid the partition grooves 111 and flow through other positions on the radiation patch 11, thereby changing the flow path and the length of the path of the current on the radiation patch 11, thereby producing a better radiation effect.

[0104] Furthermore, the partition groove 111 is a rectangular groove, and of course, it can also be an arc groove, a U-shaped groove, etc. (not shown in the figure), and there can be four arc grooves or U-shaped grooves, which are respectively set on the four sides of the radiation patch 11. The partition groove 111 can also be a cross groove, and the cross groove can be set as one, and one cross groove is set at the center position of the radiation patch 11 (not shown in the figure).

[0105] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a parasitic patch A1, a dielectric substrate 8, a floor 6, a feed substrate 10, and a side wall block 12 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the main radiation unit 1 and the feeding network 7 of Example 1 of the present application, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown,

[0106] Furthermore, the side wall block 12 is a rectangular block, one long side of the side wall block 12 is connected to the radiation patch 11, and the other long side of the side wall block 12 is connected to the dielectric substrate 8 to increase the contact area, so that not only can the connection between the radiation patch 11, the side wall block 12, and the dielectric substrate 8 be more stable, but also the output signal output by the feed network 7 can be effectively input into the radiation patch 11. The connection method can be bonding or welding, which will not be described in detail here.

[0107] Furthermore, there are preferably four side wall blocks 12, and two opposite side wall blocks 12 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the radiation patch 11. The side wall block 12 is located on the side of the partition groove 111 close to the center of the radiation patch 11, and the side wall of the side wall block 12 facing the partition groove 111 is flush with the side wall of the partition groove 111 close to the center of the radiation patch 11, so as to further increase the contact area between the side wall block 12 and the radiation patch 11. Therefore, the output signal output by the feeding network 7 can enter the radiation patch 11 more effectively and flow around the partition groove 111.

[0108] Furthermore, the side wall block 12 and the radiation patch 11 may also be an integrally formed structure, and the radiation patch 11 is cut and then bent to form the side wall block 12 and the partition groove 111 .

[0109] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding network 7 of Example 1 of the present application as a series multi-point feeding network 7; Figure 7 As shown,

[0110] Further, the feed network 7 is a series multi-point feed network 7, and the feed network 7 preferably includes an input port 71, four groups of output ports 72, and four groups of output branches 73, and the four groups of output branches 73 are connected in series on the main road 74 of the feed network 7. The main road 74 may include different network elements, such as the above-mentioned filter, coupler, phase shifter and other network elements. The output port 72 is located at one end of the output branch 73 away from the main road 74, and the two groups of relative output ports 72 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the radiation patch 11, so that the four output ports 72 output output signals with the same amplitude. The lengths of the four groups of output branches 73 are different, so that the four output ports 72 output output signals with equidistant distribution of phase. The input port 71 receives the input signal, and after the equal power distribution and 90° shifting effect of the four groups of output branches 73 and the four groups of output ports 72, the output signals with the same phase and amplitude of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° are generated respectively.

[0111] Furthermore, the four groups of output ports 72 are mirror-set about the center point of the radiation patch 11, so that the input port 71 receives the input signal, and after equal power distribution and 90° shifting effects of the four groups of output branches 73 and the four groups of output ports 72, output signals with the same phase and amplitude of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° are generated respectively, thereby further making the output signal more accurate.

[0112] Furthermore, if Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the conductive metal body 9 is preferably a conductive metal probe. There are four groups of conductive metal bodies 9, one end of a group of conductive metal bodies 9 is connected to the output port 72 of the feed network 7, and the other end is connected to the feeding point on the side wall block 12. Therefore, the output signal output through the output port 72 passes through the conductive metal body 9, the feeding point, the side wall block 12 in sequence, and finally enters the radiation patch 11.

[0113] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding network 7 of Example 1 of the present application as a parallel multi-point feeding network 7, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the difference from the series multi-point feeding network 7 is that the four groups of output branches 73 of the parallel multi-point feeding network 7 are connected in parallel.

[0114] Embodiment 2:

[0115] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna at a first viewing angle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention,

[0116] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a beam width reconfigurable antenna at a second viewing angle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, Fig.11 FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a dielectric substrate 8 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown,

[0117] The difference between the second embodiment of the present application and the first embodiment is that a dielectric plate 20 is arranged between the dielectric substrate 8 and the parasitic patch A1, one end of the dielectric plate 20 is connected to the dielectric substrate 8, and the other end is connected to the parasitic patch A1 to support the parasitic patch A1.

[0118] Fig.12 yes Fig.10 The local enlarged view of the mark B in the figure is as follows: Fig.10 and Fig.12 As shown,

[0119] Further, the adjustment component of the first group of electrically controlled parasitic units 2 preferably includes a first metal strip line 30, an adjustment metal strip 40, a second metal strip line 50, and a first electrically controlled switch 4. The adjustment metal strip 40 is detachably connected to the side wall of the dielectric plate 20, for example, by bonding or welding. One end of the first metal strip line 30 is electrically conductive to the floor 6, and the other end is connected to the first electrically controlled switch 4. The other end of the first electrically controlled switch 4 is connected to the adjustment metal strip 40, and the other end of the adjustment metal strip 40 is connected to the second metal strip line 50. The other end of the second metal strip line 50 is connected to the parasitic patch A1 to form a conductive loop.

[0120] Fig.13 yes Fig.10 The local enlarged picture of the mark C in the figure is as follows: Fig.10 and Fig.13 As shown,

[0121] Further, the adjustment component of the second group of electrically controlled parasitic units 3 preferably includes a first metal strip line 30, an adjustment metal strip 40, a second metal strip line 50, and a second electrically controlled switch 5. The adjustment metal strip 40 is detachably connected to the side wall of the dielectric plate 20, for example, by bonding or welding. One end of the first metal strip line 30 is electrically conductive to the floor 6, and the other end is connected to the second electrically controlled switch 5. The other end of the second electrically controlled switch 5 is connected to the adjustment metal strip 40, and the other end of the adjustment metal strip 40 is connected to the second metal strip line 50. The other end of the second metal strip line 50 is connected to the parasitic patch A1 to form a conductive loop.

[0122] Fig.14 yes Fig.10 The local enlarged view of the mark D in the figure is as follows: Fig.10 and Fig.14 As shown,

[0123] Furthermore, the short-circuit assembly preferably includes a first metal strip line 30, a short-circuit metal strip 60, and a second metal strip line 50. The short-circuit metal strip 60 is detachably connected to the side wall of the dielectric plate 20, for example, by bonding or welding. One end of the first metal strip line 30 is conductive to the floor 6, and the other end is connected to the short-circuit metal strip 60. The other end of the short-circuit metal strip 60 is connected to the second metal strip line 50, and the other end of the second metal strip line 50 is connected to the parasitic patch A1 to form a conductive loop.

[0124] Fig.15 yes Fig.11 A partial enlarged view of the area marked E in the figure. Fig.16 yes Fig.11 A partial enlarged view of the area marked F in the figure. Fig.17 yes Fig.11 The local enlarged view of the mark G in the figure is as follows: Fig.15 , Fig.16 , Fig.17 As shown,

[0125] Furthermore, the first metal strip line 30 is connected to the floor 6 through the conductor 70, one end of the conductor 70 is connected to the first metal strip line 30, and the other end passes through the dielectric substrate 8 to connect to the floor 6. The second metal strip line 50 is also connected to the parasitic patch A1 through the conductor 70, one end of the conductor 70 is connected to the second metal strip line 50, and the other end is connected to the parasitic patch A1 to form a conductive loop.

[0126] Furthermore, the conductor 70 may be a conductive block or a conductive wire, so as to facilitate the flow of current between the first metal strip line 30 and the ground plane 6 , or the flow of current between the second metal strip line 50 and the parasitic patch A1 .

[0127] Specifically, the components involved in the embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail:

[0128] 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the main radiation unit may preferably use a radiation patch with a square cross section and the electrically controlled parasitic unit may use a parasitic patch with a slender rectangular cross section, mainly based on structural symmetry and miniaturization considerations, and in order to produce a symmetrical radiation pattern. In specific implementation, the structural scheme is not limited to this, and the main radiation unit 11 may use a circular radiation patch, a regular polygonal radiation patch, etc.; the electrically controlled parasitic unit may use a slender arc-shaped parasitic patch, etc.;

[0129] 2. The example of the electric control switch in the embodiment of the present invention is a PIN diode switch. During specific implementation, the switch selection is not limited thereto, and a MEMS switch or the like may be used.

[0130] 3. The two-dimensional control and one-dimensional control principles of the embodiments of the present invention are consistent, and are both achieved by controlling the coupling amplitude and phase synthesis of the electrically controlled parasitic units around the main radiating unit. The implementation method of one-dimensional control requires replacing the four-point feeding network of the main antenna with a differential feeding network, and the parasitic units are arranged in one dimension.

[0131] Among them, the main radiating unit adopts a four-point symmetrical feeding method to obtain completely symmetrical radiation pattern characteristics in the horizontal and vertical planes within a wider impedance bandwidth (2515MHz to 2675MHz).

[0132] Table 1 shows the beam width from 2515MHz to 2675MHz in different PIN tube states.

[0133] Two groups of parasitic units are loaded around the main radiation unit 11, and the beam width is adjusted by the electric control switch on the parasitic unit (for example: PIN diode, PIN diode is taken as an example below). The beam width state when different PIN diodes are configured in Table 1 is taken as an example:

[0134] When the PIN diode switch is turned on, a reverse current will be generated on the outside of the parasitic unit, which can stimulate the working mode of the parasitic units on both sides, and generate a second electromagnetic wave with a pattern of depression in the middle and protrusions at both ends. It is superimposed with the first electromagnetic wave with a pattern of protrusion in the middle generated by the main radiation unit 11, and a third electromagnetic wave with a wide beam pattern can be synthesized; when the PIN diode switch is cut off, an electromagnetic wave with a narrow beam pattern is mainly generated by the main radiation unit 11. Based on different configurations of PIN diodes, two-dimensional reconfigurable patterns can be achieved, including four states of wide beam, wide-narrow beam, narrow-wide beam and narrow-narrow beam on the xoz plane and yoz plane. The specific situation is as follows:

[0135] Fig.18 is a directional diagram of narrow polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Tables 1 and Fig.18 As shown,

[0136] When all PIN diodes are turned off, the configuration is 0000, and the directional pattern in the corresponding direction is a narrow beam state, and the horizontal and vertical beam widths are 60±5°

[0137] Fig.19 is a directional diagram of narrow and wide polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Tables 1 and Fig.19 As shown,

[0138] When the vertical PIN diode is turned on and the horizontal PIN diode is turned off, the configuration is 0011, and the corresponding radiation pattern is a narrow-wide beam state, with a horizontal beam width of 60±5° and a vertical beam width of 95±10°;

[0139] Fig. 20 is a directional diagram of wide and narrow polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Tables 1 and Fig. 20 As shown,

[0140] When the horizontal PIN diode is turned on and the vertical PIN diode is turned off, the configuration is 1100, and the corresponding radiation pattern is a wide and narrow beam state, with a horizontal beam width of 95±10° and a vertical beam width of 60±5°;

[0141] Fig.21 is a directional diagram of wide polar coordinates generated according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Tables 1 and Fig.21 As shown,

[0142] When all PIN diodes are turned on, the configuration is 1111, and the directivity diagram in the corresponding direction is a wide beam state, with a horizontal and vertical beam width of 125±15°;

[0143] Based on different configurations of PIN diodes, the two-dimensional directional patterns of the XOZ plane and the YOZ plane can be reconfigured, including four states of wide beam, wide narrow beam, narrow wide beam and narrow narrow beam in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane. In addition, the main radiation unit 11 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a pluggable air microstrip form, and realizes integrated miniaturization design through the meander folding method, while ensuring good beam width consistency within a wider impedance bandwidth, which is conducive to the synchronization of the transmit and receive characteristics within the antenna frequency band, and is easy to assemble.

[0144] Table 1 shows the beam width from 2515MHz to 2675MHz at different PIN diode states

[0145]

[0146] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, comprising the above-mentioned antenna.

[0147] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beam width reconfigurable antenna, characterized in that: include: A main radiation unit, configured to generate a first electromagnetic wave based on a feeding network; A plurality of groups of electrically controlled parasitic units are arranged around the main radiation unit and are used to generate a second electromagnetic wave so that the first electromagnetic wave and the second electromagnetic wave are merged to generate a third electromagnetic wave, and the beam width of the radiation pattern of the third electromagnetic wave in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane is adjustable.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The electrically controlled parasitic unit comprises: a parasitic patch, configured to output the second electromagnetic wave according to the current flowing through the patch; A floor, for passing current with the parasitic patch; A short-circuit component is disposed between the parasitic patch and the floor, and is used to connect the parasitic patch and the floor; The regulating component is arranged between the parasitic patch and the floor, and is used for regulating the flow path of the current between the parasitic patch and the floor to change the flow path of the current on the parasitic patch so that the parasitic patch outputs different second electromagnetic waves.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The short-circuit component comprises: At least one set of short-circuit conductors has one end for connecting to the parasitic patch and the other end for connecting to the ground plane.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The adjustment component comprises: An adjusting conductor, located at one side of the short-circuit conductor, one end of which is used to connect to the parasitic patch, and the other end of which is used to connect to the floor through an electric control switch; The electric control switch is used to change the flow mode of the current between the regulating conductor and the floor.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The main radiation unit comprises: A dielectric substrate is disposed on one side of the floor; A radiation patch, disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate, to generate a first electromagnetic wave according to a current flowing therethrough; A plurality of groups of side wall blocks are arranged between the dielectric substrate and the radiation patch, one end of which is connected to the dielectric substrate and the other end of which is connected to the radiation patch, so that there is a distance between the radiation patch and the dielectric substrate and the output signal of the feed network is transmitted to the radiation patch.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The feeding network is a multi-output port network for feeding the main radiating unit.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The feeding network comprises: Input port, used to obtain input signal; A plurality of groups of output ports, used to output a plurality of groups of output signals based on the input signal; The multiple groups of output branches have different lengths, so that the multiple groups of output ports output multiple groups of output signals with the same amplitude and different phases.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: A feeding point is arranged at the end of each group of the side wall blocks, so that the output signal enters the side wall block through the feeding point.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that Also includes: A plurality of groups of conductive metal bodies, one end of each group of conductive metal bodies is connected to the feeding point, and the other end is connected to the output port of the feeding network.

10. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The radiation patch is provided with a plurality of groups of partition grooves.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple groups of electrically controlled parasitic units are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main radiation unit.

12. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multiple groups of output ports are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main radiation unit, and the multiple groups of output branches with different lengths enable the multiple groups of output ports to output multiple groups of output signals with the same amplitude and equidistantly distributed phases.

13. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multiple groups of side wall blocks are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the radiation patch.

14. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that The feeding point is located at a middle position of an end portion of the side wall block.

15. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shape of the radiation patch is circular or polygonal.

16. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross section of the parasitic patch is rectangular or arc-shaped.

17. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The feeding network is a series multi-point feeding network or a parallel multi-point feeding network.

18. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The side wall block is detachably connected to the radiation patch and the dielectric substrate.

19. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that The numbers of the output ports, the conductive metal bodies, the feeding points and the side wall blocks are the same.

20. A base station, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

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