Garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and process

Abstract

The invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and a garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification process, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification process utilize an idea of treating solid with solid, pyrolytic carbon is crushed and pulverized and then is mixed with a high-temperature pyrolysis gas product to form solid-containing gas flow, the solid-containing gas flow is introduced into a heat exchange pipe, high-temperature sensible heat of the pyrolysis gas product can be recovered, and heat exchange efficiency is improved. According to the device, the problem that heavy tar adheres to the wall can be solved, self-cleaning is achieved, meanwhile, the heavy tar with poor quality in high-temperature pyrolysis gas products can be removed, tar separation is achieved, and the influence on the quality of light tar recycled in a downstream washing workshop section is avoided; moreover, due to the addition of the solid particles in the gas-solid mixture, the heat exchange coefficient between the gas and the heat exchange surface is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is further enhanced. In conclusion, the problem that tar cannot be efficiently removed and recycled at the same time in the prior art is solved, and the purposes of recycling high-temperature sensible heat and removing heavy tar at the same time are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, and in particular to a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device and process. Background Art

[0002] The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process refers to the process in which garbage and / or biomass undergo pyrolysis and gasification reactions in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of a gasifying agent to generate reusable combustible gas, organic oil products and solid pyrolysis carbon or residue. Compared with garbage incineration technology, it has the advantages of good adaptability to raw material properties, no dioxin production, low investment, and small land occupation, making it a garbage resource utilization technology with great potential.

[0003] Garbage / biomass has the characteristics of unstable source composition, high water content, low calorific value, and difficult to process particle shape. If it is directly gasified in one step, the system stability is poor. To solve this problem, the process route of pyrolysis followed by gasification is increasingly accepted by people, that is, the raw materials are first pyrolyzed to generate pyrolytic carbon, tar and pyrolytic gas. The pyrolytic gas produced by pyrolysis is burned and used to provide heat for the drying process and pyrolysis process; the calorific value of the pyrolytic carbon produced by pyrolysis is greatly improved, the gasification characteristics are more stable and easier to process into fine powder, which is an excellent gasification raw material. Synthesis gas is obtained after gasification for downstream synthesis.

[0004] In this process, tar is a product that is difficult to handle. In addition to light tar, it also contains a portion of high-boiling-point heavy tar (boiling point>200°C). This portion of tar has poor fluidity and thermal stability and begins to condense at 300°C, causing corrosion and blockage of pipelines and equipment. But at the same time, tar has a high calorific value and is easy to store. It can be seen that how to efficiently remove and recycle tar is the key and difficulty to ensure the stable operation of the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification process and improve its operating efficiency.

[0005] At present, in order to ensure the stable operation of the pyrolysis gasification process, the commonly used tar removal methods are high-temperature cracking and washing methods. The high-temperature cracking method is to pass the high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis (including tar in gaseous state and pyrolysis gas) into a high-temperature cracking furnace, raise the temperature to above 1000°C, and crack the tar into small molecular gases. This method usually requires the introduction of additional fuel, the system has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and cannot recover tar; the washing method refers to the use of solvents or water to spray and wash the high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis to wash and capture the tar, but the oil collected by this method contains heavy tar, the quality is poor, the secondary pollution is serious, and the high-temperature latent heat of the system cannot be recovered.

[0006] Partition heat exchangers are commonly used heat recovery equipment in chemical processes, but they cannot be directly used to cool down high-temperature pyrolysis gases containing tar. This is because the heavy components in the tar will condense or coke on the heat exchange wall, greatly reducing the heat transfer coefficient and failing to achieve a cooling effect.

[0007] In summary, how to efficiently remove and recycle tar while recovering the high-temperature latent heat of the system is an urgent problem to be solved in the current garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device and process.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device, comprising:

[0010] A pyrolysis unit, used for pyrolyzing garbage / biomass to generate pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas;

[0011] a pulverizing unit, used for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic unit to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0012] A first heat exchanger, comprising a gas-solid mixing module and a heat exchange module from top to bottom; the gas-solid mixing module is used to mix the first mixed gas from the pyrolysis unit and the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pulverizing unit to form a gas-solid mixture; a heat exchange tube is provided in the heat exchange module, and the gas-solid mixture formed by the gas-solid mixing module is circulated in the heat exchange tube for heat exchange;

[0013] A first separation unit is used to separate the gas-solid mixture after heat exchange from the first heat exchanger to obtain a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder;

[0014] A gas washing unit, used for washing the second mixed gas from the first separation unit to obtain a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture;

[0015] and a second separation unit for separating the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit to obtain an oil phase and a water phase.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis unit comprises a pyrolysis reactor.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pulverizing unit includes a pyrolytic carbon crushing device for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolysis unit to obtain a first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0018] a pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank, used for receiving the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device;

[0019] And, at least one pyrolytic carbon powder delivery tank is used to transport the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank to the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, there are no less than two pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks, and a plurality of the pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks are connected in parallel or in series.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first separation unit comprises a filter.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gas scrubbing unit comprises a scrubbing tower.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second separation unit comprises an oil-water separation tank.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a pyrolytic carbon cooler, which is disposed between the pyrolysis unit and the pulverizing unit and is used to cool the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolysis unit.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further includes a second heat exchanger, which is disposed between the gas washing unit and the second separation unit and is used for exchanging heat with the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tail gas combustion unit for burning the third mixed gas from the gas washing unit to generate heating flue gas for supplying heat to the pyrolysis unit.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device also includes a pulping unit for mixing part of the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the powder making unit, the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit to form a slurry.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further includes a tail gas purification unit for purifying the flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a carbon powder collecting tank, which is disposed between the first separation unit and the pulping unit and is used to receive the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tar pump for conveying the oil phase in the oil-water separation tank to the gas washing unit and the pulping unit, respectively.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a synthesis gas reaction unit for gasifying the slurry from the pulping unit to generate synthesis gas.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a wastewater treatment unit for treating the remaining water phase from the second separation unit.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process, wherein the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process is performed using the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device as described in the first aspect, and the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process comprises:

[0034] The garbage / biomass is introduced into the pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas; the first mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, gaseous heavy tar, pyrolytic gas and water vapor; the obtained pyrolytic carbon enters the pulverizing unit for crushing to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder; the obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder and the obtained first mixed gas enter the first heat exchanger;

[0035] The obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder is mixed with the obtained first mixed gas in the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger to form a high-temperature gas-solid mixture, which then enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module to flush the tube wall, so that the condensed or coked heavy tar adheres to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, and at the same time realizes heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube; the high-temperature gas-solid mixture after heat exchange forms a cooled gas-solid mixture containing a second mixed gas and a second pyrolytic carbon powder; the second mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor, and the second pyrolytic carbon powder includes the first pyrolytic carbon powder with heavy tar adhered to the surface;

[0036] The obtained cooled gas-solid mixture enters the first separation unit for gas-solid separation, and the separated second pyrolysis carbon powder is discharged; the separated second mixed gas enters the gas washing unit for washing with a washing agent to condense the gaseous light tar and water vapor therein; after washing, a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture are obtained; the obtained third mixed gas is discharged;

[0037] The obtained oil-water mixture enters the second separation unit, and forms an oil phase and a water phase after standing; the obtained oil phase and the obtained water phase are discharged separately.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: cooling the pyrolytic carbon obtained by the pyrolysis unit in a pyrolytic carbon cooler before entering the pulverizing unit.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: the oil-water mixture obtained by the gas washing unit is heat exchanged in a second heat exchanger before entering the second separation unit to reduce the temperature to 20-30°C.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: passing part of the oil phase obtained by the second separation unit into the gas washing unit as a washing agent.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: burning the third mixed gas obtained by the gas washing unit in a tail gas combustion unit to obtain heating flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis unit.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification process also includes: mixing part of the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the powder making unit, the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit in a pulping unit to form a slurry.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: the heating flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit is purified by a tail gas purification unit and then discharged.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: sending the slurry obtained by the pulping unit to a synthesis gas reaction unit for gasification reaction to generate synthesis gas.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: sending the remaining water phase generated by the second separation unit to a wastewater unit for treatment.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis temperature is 350-550°C.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, the average particle size of the first pyrolytic carbon powder is 30-100 μm.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solid content of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture is 15-50 mg / Nm 3 .

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flow rate of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture in the heat exchange tube is 6-13 m / s, preferably 6-8 m / s.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the cooled gas-solid mixture is 200-250°C.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the operating temperature of the first separation unit is 200-230°C.

[0052] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0053] The present invention proposes the concept of "treating solid with solid", crushes and pulverizes the pyrolytic carbon and mixes it with high-temperature pyrolysis gas products to form a solid-containing gas flow, which is passed into the heat exchange tubes. This can not only recover the high-temperature sensible heat of the pyrolysis gas products, but also solve the problem of heavy tar sticking to the wall to achieve self-cleaning. At the same time, it can also remove heavy tar of poor quality in the high-temperature pyrolysis gas products, achieve tar separation, and avoid affecting the quality of light tar recovered in the downstream washing section, which is beneficial to industrial production and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Among them, 1. pyrolysis reactor; 2. pyrolytic carbon cooler; 3. pyrolytic carbon crushing equipment; 4. pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank; 5. pyrolytic carbon powder feeding tank; 6. first heat exchanger; 6-1. gas-solid mixing module; 6-2. heat exchange module; 7. filter; 8. carbon powder collection tank; 9. washing tower; 10. second heat exchanger; 11. oil-water separation tank; 12. pulping unit; 13. tar pump; 14. tail gas combustion unit; 15. tail gas purification unit; 16. synthesis gas reaction unit; 17. wastewater treatment unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention, the scheme of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0057] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; it is obvious that the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0059] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device, comprising:

[0060] A pyrolysis unit, used for pyrolyzing garbage / biomass to generate pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas;

[0061] a pulverizing unit, used for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic unit to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0062] A first heat exchanger, comprising a gas-solid mixing module and a heat exchange module from top to bottom; the gas-solid mixing module is used to mix the first mixed gas from the pyrolysis unit and the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pulverizing unit to form a gas-solid mixture; a heat exchange tube is provided in the heat exchange module, and the gas-solid mixture formed by the gas-solid mixing module is circulated in the heat exchange tube for heat exchange;

[0063] A first separation unit is used to separate the gas-solid mixture after heat exchange from the first heat exchanger to obtain a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder;

[0064] A gas washing unit, used for washing the second mixed gas from the first separation unit to obtain a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture;

[0065] and a second separation unit for separating the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit to obtain an oil phase and a water phase.

[0066] In the present invention, in view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes the concept of "treating the solid with the solid". By designing a powder making unit, optimizing the structure of the existing partition wall heat exchanger, and combining a gas washing unit, the device has a self-cleaning function for heavy tar during operation, and also achieves the goal of effectively recovering light tar and efficiently recovering the high-temperature sensible heat of pyrolysis gas products.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis unit comprises a pyrolysis reactor.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pulverizing unit includes a pyrolytic carbon crushing device for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolysis unit to obtain a first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0069] a pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank, used for receiving the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device;

[0070] And, at least one pyrolytic carbon powder delivery tank is used to transport the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank to the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, there are no less than two pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks, and a plurality of the pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks are connected in parallel or in series.

[0072] In the present invention, the pyrolytic carbon powder delivery tank conveys the first pyrolytic carbon powder to the first heat exchanger in a pneumatic dense phase conveying manner, and the arrangement of multiple pyrolytic carbon powder delivery tanks can realize uninterrupted and continuous conveying of the first pyrolytic carbon powder.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first separation unit comprises a filter.

[0074] In the present invention, the selection of the filter includes but is not limited to entering a high temperature ceramic filter.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gas scrubbing unit comprises a scrubbing tower.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second separation unit comprises an oil-water separation tank.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a pyrolytic carbon cooler, which is disposed between the pyrolysis unit and the pulverizing unit and is used to cool the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolysis unit.

[0078] In the present invention, the cooled pyrolytic carbon is beneficial to the subsequent crushing operation and ensures uniform particles.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further includes a second heat exchanger, which is disposed between the gas washing unit and the second separation unit and is used for exchanging heat with the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit.

[0080] In the present invention, the second heat exchanger can further enhance the recovery of heat from the pyrolysis gas product.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tail gas combustion unit for burning the third mixed gas from the gas washing unit to generate heating flue gas for supplying heat to the pyrolysis unit.

[0082] The present invention makes full use of the third mixed gas (i.e. the washed pyrolysis tail gas), which provides a heat source for the pyrolysis unit after combustion, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the device.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device also includes a pulping unit for mixing part of the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the powder making unit, the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit to form a slurry.

[0084] Tar has high calorific value and is easy to store. When mixed with pyrolysis carbon powder to form a slurry, it is an excellent gasification raw material for producing synthesis gas, which can further improve the stability and efficiency of the gasification process.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further includes a tail gas purification unit for purifying the flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit.

[0086] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a carbon powder collecting tank, which is disposed between the first separation unit and the pulping unit and is used to receive the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tar pump for conveying the oil phase in the oil-water separation tank to the gas washing unit and the pulping unit, respectively.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a synthesis gas reaction unit for gasifying the slurry from the pulping unit to generate synthesis gas.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a wastewater treatment unit for treating the remaining water phase from the second separation unit.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process, wherein the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process is performed using the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device as described in the first aspect, and the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process comprises:

[0091] In a second aspect, garbage / biomass is introduced into a pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas; the first mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, gaseous heavy tar, pyrolytic gas and water vapor; the obtained pyrolytic carbon enters a pulverizing unit for crushing to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder; the obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder and the obtained first mixed gas enter a first heat exchanger;

[0092] The obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder is mixed with the obtained first mixed gas in the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger to form a high-temperature gas-solid mixture, which then enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module to flush the tube wall, so that the condensed or coked heavy tar adheres to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, and at the same time realizes heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube; the high-temperature gas-solid mixture after heat exchange forms a cooled gas-solid mixture containing a second mixed gas and a second pyrolytic carbon powder; the second mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor, and the second pyrolytic carbon powder includes the first pyrolytic carbon powder with heavy tar adhered to the surface;

[0093] The obtained cooled gas-solid mixture enters the first separation unit for gas-solid separation, and the separated second pyrolysis carbon powder is discharged; the separated second mixed gas enters the gas washing unit for washing with a washing agent to condense the gaseous light tar and water vapor therein; after washing, a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture are obtained; the obtained third mixed gas is discharged; wherein the oil-water mixture includes light tar and water;

[0094] The obtained oil-water mixture enters the second separation unit, and forms an oil phase and a water phase after standing; the obtained oil phase and the obtained water phase are discharged separately.

[0095] The present invention uses the concept of "treating solid with solid" to pulverize the pyrolytic carbon obtained by pyrolysis and mix it with the first mixed gas obtained by pyrolysis to form a gas-solid mixture. The obtained gas-solid mixture enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module, flushes the tube wall, and makes the condensed or coked heavy tar (boiling point higher than 200°C) adhere to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the heat exchange surface; at the same time, by exchanging heat with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube, the sensible heat of the pyrolysis gas product is efficiently recovered; in addition, due to the addition of solid particles in the gas-solid mixture, the heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the heat exchange surface is increased, further enhancing the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The present invention achieves the purpose of recovering high-temperature sensible heat and removing heavy tar at the same time through the combination of the above-mentioned means.

[0096] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the pyrolysis gas in the first mixed gas includes but is not limited to hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present invention, the scrubbing agent used in the gas scrubbing unit includes but is not limited to methanol and / or benzene.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: cooling the pyrolytic carbon obtained by the pyrolysis unit in a pyrolytic carbon cooler before entering the pulverizing unit.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process also includes: the oil-water mixture obtained by the gas washing unit is heat exchanged in a second heat exchanger before entering the second separation unit, so that the temperature is reduced to 20-30°C, for example, 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C or 30°C, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: passing part of the oil phase obtained by the second separation unit into the gas washing unit as a washing agent.

[0101] The present invention uses the light tar (with a boiling point below 200°C) with good fluidity produced by the process as a detergent for gas washing, thereby realizing the fractional recovery of tar, and there is no need to purchase detergent from outside, which has lower costs and lower tar content in the gas after washing.

[0102] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: burning the third mixed gas obtained by the gas washing unit in a tail gas combustion unit to obtain heating flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis unit.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present invention, part of the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pulverizing unit, the second pyrolytic carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit are mixed in a slurry making unit to form slurry.

[0104] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: the heating flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit is purified by a tail gas purification unit and then discharged.

[0105] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: sending the slurry obtained by the pulping unit to a synthesis gas reaction unit for gasification reaction to generate synthesis gas.

[0106] In some embodiments of the present invention, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: sending the remaining water phase generated by the second separation unit to a wastewater unit for treatment.

[0107] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis temperature is 350-550°C, such as 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C or 550°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0108] In some embodiments of the present invention, the average particle size of the first pyrolytic carbon powder is 30-100 μm, such as 30 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm or 100 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0109] In the present invention, the appropriate particle size of the first pyrolytic carbon powder helps to achieve stable transportation, ensure the flushing effect and be more easily captured by the second separation unit. If the particle size is too small, it is not easy to separate from the gas, and if the particle size is too large, it is not conducive to the stable transportation of the powder.

[0110] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solid content of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture is 15-50 mg / Nm 3 , for example 15mg / Nm 3 、20mg / Nm3 、25mg / Nm 3 、30mg / Nm 3 、35mg / Nm 3 、40mg / Nm 3 、45mg / Nm 3 or 50mg / Nm 3 The above values ​​are not limited to the above values, and other values ​​not listed in the above values ​​are also applicable.

[0111] In the high-temperature gas-solid mixture of the present invention, the higher the solid content, the better the flushing effect on the heat exchange surface. However, if the solid particles added are too large, the transportation energy consumption will increase, and if the pyrolysis carbon is pulverized after cooling, the large amount of addition will also reduce the recovery efficiency of sensible heat. Therefore, the appropriate solid content range helps to ensure the effect and control the cost. Those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the solid content according to the change of the heat exchange effect.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flow rate of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture in the heat exchange tube is 6-13 m / s, for example, 6 m / s, 7 m / s, 8 m / s, 9 m / s, 10 m / s, 11 m / s, 12 m / s or 13 m / s, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable, preferably 6-8 m / s.

[0113] In the present invention, if the flow rate is too fast, the solid particles in the high-temperature gas-solid mixture will increase the wear on the heat exchange tube and affect the service life; while if the flow rate is too slow, the solid particles in the high-temperature gas-solid mixture cannot effectively flush the heat exchange surface to achieve a cleaning effect. Therefore, a suitable flow rate helps to improve the cleaning effect and extend the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0114] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outlet temperature of the cooled gas-solid mixture is 200-250°C, for example, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, 230°C, 240°C or 250°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0115] The temperature of the cooled gas-solid mixture should not be too low, otherwise it will cause condensation of light tar in addition to heavy tar, which is not conducive to tar separation.

[0116] In some embodiments of the present invention, the operating temperature of the first separation unit is 200-230°C, such as 200°C, 215°C, 220°C, 225°C or 230°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0117] In the present invention, the gas-solid separation is carried out at this temperature to avoid the condensation of light tar.

[0118] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its applications. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0119] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional techniques or conditions in the art, or the techniques or conditions described in the literature, or the product instructions are used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0120] Example 1

[0121] This embodiment provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device and process. The structural schematic diagram of the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device comprises:

[0122] The pyrolysis reactor 1 is used for pyrolyzing garbage / biomass to generate pyrolysis carbon and a first mixed gas;

[0123] a pyrolytic carbon cooler 2, used for cooling the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic reactor 1;

[0124] The pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3 is used to crush the cooled pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic carbon cooler 2 to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0125] The pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4 is used to receive the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3;

[0126] Two pyrolytic carbon powder feeding tanks 5 arranged in parallel are used to transport the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4 to the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 of the first heat exchanger 6;

[0127] The first heat exchanger 6 includes a gas-solid mixing module 6-1 and a heat exchange module 6-2 from top to bottom; the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 is used to mix the first mixed gas from the pyrolysis reactor 1 and the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pyrolysis carbon powder feeding tank 5 to form a gas-solid mixture; the heat exchange module 6-2 is provided with a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is used to circulate the gas-solid mixture formed by the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 for heat exchange;

[0128] A filter 7, used for separating the gas-solid mixture after heat exchange from the first heat exchanger 6 to obtain a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder;

[0129] a carbon powder collecting tank 8, used for receiving the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the filter 7;

[0130] A washing tower 9, used for washing the second mixed gas from the filter 7 to obtain a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture;

[0131] A second heat exchanger 10 is used to exchange heat with the oil-water mixture from the washing tower 9;

[0132] The oil-water separation tank 11 is used to separate the oil-water mixture after heat exchange from the second heat exchanger 10 to obtain an oil phase and a water phase;

[0133] The pulping unit 12 is used to mix part of the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3, the second pyrolytic carbon powder from the carbon powder collecting tank 8, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the oil-water separation tank 11 to form a slurry;

[0134] A tar pump 13, used to transport the oil phase in the oil-water separation tank 11 to the washing tower 9 and the pulping unit 12 respectively;

[0135] The tail gas combustion unit 14 is used to burn the third mixed gas from the scrubber 9 to generate heating flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis reactor 1;

[0136] The tail gas purification unit 15 is used to purify the heating flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis reactor 1;

[0137] A synthesis gas reaction unit 16, used for gasifying the slurry from the pulping unit 12 to generate synthesis gas;

[0138] And, a wastewater treatment unit 17 is used to treat the remaining water phase from the oil-water separation tank 11.

[0139] The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process using the above garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device includes:

[0140] The garbage / biomass is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 1 for pyrolysis at 500-520° C. to obtain pyrolysis carbon and a first mixed gas; the first mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, gaseous heavy tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor;

[0141] The obtained pyrolytic carbon enters the pyrolytic carbon cooler 2 and is cooled to 40°C;

[0142] The cooled pyrolytic carbon enters the pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3 and is crushed into the first pyrolytic carbon powder with an average particle size of 50-60 μm; the obtained part of the first pyrolytic carbon powder enters the pyrolytic carbon powder feeding tank 5 through the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4, and is sent to the first heat exchanger 6 by pneumatic dense phase conveying. At the same time, the obtained first mixed gas is also introduced into the first heat exchanger 6; the remaining first pyrolytic carbon powder enters the pulping unit 12 for preparing pulp;

[0143] The first pyrolysis carbon powder obtained is mixed with the first mixed gas obtained in the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 of the first heat exchanger 6 to form a solid content of 20-30 mg / Nm 3 The high-temperature gas-solid mixture then enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module 6-2 at a flow rate of 6-7 m / s, flushes the tube wall, makes the condensed or coked heavy tar adhere to the surface of the first pyrolysis carbon powder, and at the same time realizes heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid (boiler water) outside the heat exchange tube; the high-temperature gas-solid mixture after heat exchange forms a 220-230°C cooled gas-solid mixture containing a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder; the second mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor, and the second pyrolysis carbon powder includes the first pyrolysis carbon powder with heavy tar adhered to the surface;

[0144] The obtained cooled gas-solid mixture enters the filter 7 for gas-solid separation, and the separated second pyrolysis carbon powder enters the pulping unit 12 through the carbon powder collecting tank 8 for preparing slurry; the separated second mixed gas enters the washing tower 9, and is washed with a detergent at an operating temperature of 40°C to condense the gaseous light tar and water vapor therein; after washing, a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture are obtained;

[0145] The obtained third mixed gas enters the tail gas combustion unit 14 for combustion, and the heating flue gas generated by the combustion is used to heat the pyrolysis reactor 1. The heating flue gas after heating enters the tail gas purification unit 15 and is discharged after being purified;

[0146] The obtained oil-water mixture enters the second heat exchanger 10 to be heat exchanged to room temperature (25°C ± 1°C), and then enters the oil-water separation tank 11 to form an oil phase and a water phase after standing;

[0147] The obtained part of the oil phase and part of the water phase enters the pulping unit 12 for preparing the pulp;

[0148] The remaining oil phase enters the washing tower 9 as a detergent;

[0149] The remaining water phase enters the wastewater treatment unit 17 for treatment;

[0150] The slurry obtained from the slurry making unit 12 enters the synthesis gas reaction unit 16 as a gasification raw material to prepare synthesis gas.

[0151] The garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and process described in this embodiment have the following advantages:

[0152] First, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and process described in this embodiment pulverizes the pyrolytic carbon obtained by pyrolysis and mixes it with the first mixed gas obtained by pyrolysis to form a gas-solid mixture. The obtained gas-solid mixture enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module 6-2, flushes the tube wall, and makes the condensed or coked heavy tar adhere to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, thereby achieving the purpose of self-cleaning of the heat exchange surface; at the same time, through heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube, the sensible heat of the pyrolysis gas product is efficiently recovered; on the other hand, it can also remove the heavy tar of poor quality in the high-temperature pyrolysis gas product, realize the separation of heavy tar and light tar, and avoid affecting the quality of light tar recovered in the downstream washing section.

[0153] Moreover, due to the addition of solid particles in the gas-solid mixture, the heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the heat exchange surface increases, further enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0154] Second, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and process also reduce the tar content in the washed gas through the design of the gas washing unit, which is conducive to industrial production and application.

[0155] Thirdly, the light tar produced by the device or the process is used as a detergent for washing, and there is no need to purchase detergent from outside, which is lower in cost and further reduces the tar content of the gas after washing.

[0156] Fourth, the washed gas product (i.e., the third mixed gas) is burned using the present device and process to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction, and the obtained pyrolytic carbon is made into slurry and used to produce synthesis gas, thus achieving effective utilization of resources and having good economic benefits.

[0157] Fifth, after 30 days of operation of the device and process, the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger can be stabilized between 220-230°C, and there is no uncontrollable temperature situation, which means that there is no serious heavy tar wall adhesion phenomenon inside the heat exchange tube of the first heat exchanger.

[0158] Example 2

[0159] This embodiment provides a garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device and process, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device comprises:

[0160] The pyrolysis reactor 1 is used for pyrolyzing garbage / biomass to generate pyrolysis carbon and a first mixed gas;

[0161] The pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3 is used to crush the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic unit to obtain a first pyrolytic carbon powder;

[0162] The pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4 is used to receive the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3;

[0163] Two pyrolytic carbon powder feeding tanks 5 arranged in series, used to transport the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4 to the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 of the first heat exchanger 6;

[0164] The first heat exchanger 6 includes a gas-solid mixing module 6-1 and a heat exchange module 6-2 from top to bottom; the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 is used to mix the first mixed gas from the pyrolysis reactor 1 and the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pyrolysis carbon powder feeding tank 5 to form a gas-solid mixture; the heat exchange module 6-2 is provided with a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is used to circulate the gas-solid mixture formed by the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 for heat exchange;

[0165] A filter 7, used for separating the gas-solid mixture after heat exchange from the first heat exchanger 6 to obtain a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder;

[0166] A washing tower 9, used for washing the second mixed gas from the filter 7 to obtain a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture;

[0167] And, the oil-water separation tank 11 is used to separate the oil-water mixture from the washing tower 9 to obtain an oil phase and a water phase.

[0168] The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process using the above garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device includes:

[0169] The garbage / biomass is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 1 for pyrolysis at 380-400° C. to obtain pyrolysis carbon and a first mixed gas; the first mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, gaseous heavy tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor;

[0170] The obtained pyrolytic carbon enters the pyrolytic carbon crushing device 3 for crushing, and is crushed into the first pyrolytic carbon powder with an average particle size of 50-60 μm; the obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder enters the pyrolytic carbon powder feeding tank 5 through the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank 4, and is sent to the first heat exchanger 6 by pneumatic dense phase conveying. At the same time, the obtained first mixed gas and liquid are passed into the first heat exchanger 6;

[0171] The first pyrolysis carbon powder obtained is mixed with the first mixed gas obtained in the gas-solid mixing module 6-1 of the first heat exchanger 6 to form a solid content of 40-50 mg / Nm 3The high-temperature gas-solid mixture then enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module 6-2 at a flow rate of 7-8 m / s, flushes the tube wall, makes the condensed or coked heavy tar adhere to the surface of the first pyrolysis carbon powder, and at the same time realizes heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid (boiler water) outside the heat exchange tube; the high-temperature gas-solid mixture after heat exchange forms a 200-210°C cooled gas-solid mixture containing a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder; the second mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor, and the second pyrolysis carbon powder includes the first pyrolysis carbon powder with heavy tar adhered to the surface;

[0172] The obtained cooled gas-solid mixture enters the filter 7 for gas-solid separation, and the separated second pyrolysis carbon powder is discharged; the separated second mixed gas enters the washing tower 9, and is washed with a washing agent (methanol) at an operating temperature of 40°C to condense the gaseous light tar and water vapor therein; after washing, a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture are obtained; the obtained third mixed gas is discharged;

[0173] The obtained oil-water mixture enters the oil-water separation tank 11, and forms an oil phase and a water phase after standing still; the obtained oil phase and the obtained water phase are discharged separately.

[0174] The garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device and process described in this embodiment pulverizes the pyrolytic carbon obtained by pyrolysis and mixes it with the first mixed gas obtained by pyrolysis to form a gas-solid mixture. The obtained gas-solid mixture enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module 6-2, flushes the tube wall, and makes the condensed or coked heavy tar adhere to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, thereby achieving the purpose of self-cleaning of the heat exchange surface; at the same time, through heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube, the sensible heat of the pyrolysis gas product is efficiently recovered; on the other hand, it can also remove the heavy tar of poor quality in the high-temperature pyrolysis gas product, thereby achieving the separation of heavy tar and light tar, avoiding affecting the quality of light tar recovered in the downstream washing section.

[0175] In addition, the addition of solid particles into the gas-solid mixture increases the heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the heat exchange surface, further enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0176] After 30 days of operation of the device and process, the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger can be stabilized at 200-210°C, and there is no uncontrollable temperature situation, which means that there is no serious heavy tar wall adhesion phenomenon inside the heat exchange tube of the first heat exchanger.

[0177] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0178] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments described herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device, characterized in that: include: A pyrolysis unit, used for pyrolyzing garbage / biomass to generate pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas; a pulverizing unit, used for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic unit to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder; A first heat exchanger, comprising a gas-solid mixing module and a heat exchange module from top to bottom; the gas-solid mixing module is used to mix the first mixed gas from the pyrolysis unit and the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pulverizing unit to form a gas-solid mixture; a heat exchange tube is provided in the heat exchange module, and the gas-solid mixture formed by the gas-solid mixing module is circulated in the heat exchange tube for heat exchange; A first separation unit is used to separate the gas-solid mixture after heat exchange from the first heat exchanger to obtain a second mixed gas and a second pyrolysis carbon powder; A gas washing unit, used for washing the second mixed gas from the first separation unit to obtain a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture; and a second separation unit for separating the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit to obtain an oil phase and a water phase.

2. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis unit includes a pyrolysis reactor; and / or, the pulverizing unit comprises a pyrolytic carbon crushing device for crushing the pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic unit to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder; a pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank, used for receiving the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon crushing device; And, at least one pyrolytic carbon powder delivery tank is used to transport the first pyrolytic carbon powder from the pyrolytic carbon powder buffer tank to the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger.

3. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are no less than two pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks, and a plurality of the pyrolytic carbon powder dispensing tanks are arranged in parallel or in series.

4. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first separation unit comprises a filter; and / or, the gas scrubbing unit comprises a scrubbing tower; And / or, the second separation unit includes an oil-water separation tank.

5. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a pyrolysis carbon cooler, which is disposed between the pyrolysis unit and the pulverizing unit and is used to cool the pyrolysis carbon from the pyrolysis unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a second heat exchanger, which is disposed between the gas washing unit and the second separation unit and is used for exchanging heat with the oil-water mixture from the gas washing unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tail gas combustion unit, which is used to burn the third mixed gas from the gas washing unit to generate heating flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device also includes a pulping unit for mixing part of the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the powder making unit, the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit to form a slurry.

6. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tail gas purification unit for purifying the heating flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification device further comprises a carbon powder collection tank, which is arranged between the first separation unit and the pulping unit and is used to receive the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a tar pump for conveying the oil phase in the oil-water separation tank to the gas washing unit and the pulping unit respectively; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a synthesis gas reaction unit for gasifying the slurry from the pulping unit to produce synthesis gas; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device further comprises a wastewater treatment unit for treating the remaining water phase from the second separation unit.

7. A garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process, characterized in that: The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process is carried out using the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process comprises: The garbage / biomass is introduced into the pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolytic carbon and a first mixed gas; the first mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, gaseous heavy tar, pyrolytic gas and water vapor; the obtained pyrolytic carbon enters the pulverizing unit for crushing to obtain first pyrolytic carbon powder; the obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder and the obtained first mixed gas enter the first heat exchanger; The obtained first pyrolytic carbon powder is mixed with the obtained first mixed gas in the gas-solid mixing module of the first heat exchanger to form a high-temperature gas-solid mixture, which then enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange module to flush the tube wall, so that the condensed or coked heavy tar adheres to the surface of the first pyrolytic carbon powder, and at the same time realizes heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid outside the heat exchange tube; the high-temperature gas-solid mixture after heat exchange forms a cooled gas-solid mixture containing a second mixed gas and a second pyrolytic carbon powder; the second mixed gas includes gaseous light tar, pyrolysis gas and water vapor, and the second pyrolytic carbon powder includes the first pyrolytic carbon powder with heavy tar adhered to the surface; The obtained cooled gas-solid mixture enters the first separation unit for gas-solid separation, and the separated second pyrolysis carbon powder is discharged; the separated second mixed gas enters the gas washing unit for washing with a washing agent to condense the gaseous light tar and water vapor therein; after washing, a third mixed gas and an oil-water mixture are obtained; the obtained third mixed gas is discharged; The obtained oil-water mixture enters the second separation unit, and forms an oil phase and a water phase after standing; the obtained oil phase and the obtained water phase are discharged separately.

8. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further includes: cooling the pyrolysis carbon obtained by the pyrolysis unit in a pyrolysis carbon cooler before entering the pulverizing unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: the oil-water mixture obtained by the gas washing unit is heat exchanged in a second heat exchanger before entering the second separation unit to reduce the temperature to 20-30° C.; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: passing part of the oil phase obtained by the second separation unit into the gas washing unit as a washing agent; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: burning the third mixed gas obtained by the gas washing unit in a tail gas combustion unit to obtain heating flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis unit; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis gasification process further includes: mixing part of the first pyrolysis carbon powder from the pulverizing unit, the second pyrolysis carbon powder from the first separation unit, and part of the water phase and part of the oil phase from the second separation unit in a pulping unit to form a slurry.

9. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further includes: the heating flue gas after providing heat to the pyrolysis unit is purified by the tail gas purification unit and then discharged; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further comprises: sending the slurry obtained by the slurry making unit to a syngas reaction unit for gasification reaction to generate syngas; And / or, the garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process further includes: sending the remaining water phase generated by the second separation unit to a wastewater unit for treatment.

10. The garbage / biomass pyrolysis and gasification process according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The pyrolysis temperature is 350-550°C; and / or, the average particle size of the first pyrolytic carbon powder is 30-100 μm; And / or, the solid content of the high temperature gas-solid mixture is 15-50 mg / Nm 3 ; and / or, the flow rate of the high-temperature gas-solid mixture in the heat exchange tube is 6-13 m / s, preferably 6-8 m / s; and / or, the temperature of the cooled gas-solid mixture is 200-250° C.; And / or, the operating temperature of the first separation unit is 200-230°C.

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