Solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank, hydrogen storage and release system, and hydrogen storage and release method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and provides a solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank, a hydrogen storage and release system, and a hydrogen storage and release method. The solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank includes a tank body, a rotary gas supply component, and a jet device. A storage chamber is provided in the tank body, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the top plate of the tank body. The rotary gas supply component extends from the outside of the tank body to the inside of the tank body. The rotary gas supply component can rotate inside the tank body and transport gas. The jet device includes a jet hole. The jet hole is connected to the rotary gas supply component and the storage chamber. The jet device can rotate in the storage chamber with the rotary gas supply component. Thus, driven by the rotary gas supply component, the hydrogen input by the rotary gas supply component can be rotated and input into the storage chamber through the jet hole, so as to promote the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber to be in a suspended flow state as much as possible, and to fully and quickly exchange heat with the hydrogen, thereby greatly improving the rate of the hydrogen storage and release reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank, a hydrogen storage and release method, and a hydrogen storage and release method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas can no longer meet the growing needs of mankind. Hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient secondary energy source, is considered to be an ideal energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels. At present, representative hydrogen storage methods mainly include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Solid-state hydrogen storage and desorption methods have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as low explosion risk, low storage pressure, and high volume hydrogen storage density. Since hydrogen has a high thermal conductivity, hydrogen can be heated and passed into a hydrogen storage and desorption tank to allow hydrogen to react with solid-state hydrogen storage materials or to increase the temperature of solid hydrides and desorption reactions. In the prior art, after hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage and desorption tank, it needs to diffuse itself in the porous solid-state hydrogen storage material bed to achieve heat exchange and complete the hydrogen storage and desorption reaction. The heat exchange speed of this method is slow, and the hydrogen storage and desorption rate is also correspondingly slow. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank, a hydrogen storage and release system, and a hydrogen storage and release method, which are used to increase the heat exchange speed and hydrogen storage and release rate in the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid-state hydrogen storage tank comprising:

[0005] A tank body, wherein a material storage cavity is provided in the tank body, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the top plate of the tank body;

[0006] A rotary gas supply assembly extending from the outside of the tank body to the inside of the tank body, and capable of rotating inside the tank body and delivering gas;

[0007] A jet device, comprising a jet hole, wherein the jet hole is connected to the rotating air supply component and the storage chamber, and the jet device can rotate in the storage chamber along with the rotating air supply component.

[0008] According to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention, the rotary gas supply assembly includes a rotary drive device, an air supply pipe and an air injection pipe.

[0009] One end of the air supply pipe extends from the outside of the tank to the inside of the tank, and the other end of the air supply pipe is located outside the tank and connected to the rotation drive device. The air injection pipe is located outside the tank and communicates with the air supply pipe. The jet hole is connected to the air supply pipe.

[0010] According to a solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge tank provided by the present invention, the jet device includes at least one jet blade. An air supply cavity is formed within the jet blade. The air supply cavity is connected to the air supply pipe. The jet hole is provided on the jet blade. The storage chamber is connected to the air supply cavity through the jet hole.

[0011] According to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention, a plurality of filters are spaced apart inside the tank body. A storage cavity is formed between each two adjacent filters. The jet device is disposed in each storage cavity.

[0012] According to a solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank provided by the present invention, a bottom air distribution cavity is formed between the filter located at the bottom of the tank body and the bottom plate of the tank body. The rotary air supply assembly also includes at least one bottom air distribution pipe. Each bottom air distribution pipe is connected to the air supply pipe. The bottom air distribution pipe is connected to the bottom air distribution cavity.

[0013] According to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention, a gas buffer and gas-solid separation component is installed between the filter located on the top of the tank body and the top plate of the tank body.

[0014] The gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly includes a buffer baffle and a guide plate. The guide plate is connected to the underside of the buffer baffle. The guide plate is provided with a guide hole for communicating with the buffer baffle. An exhaust gap is provided between the guide plate and the buffer baffle. The edge of the buffer baffle extends to the outside of the exhaust gap. The edge of the guide plate extends to the outside of the edge of the buffer baffle.

[0015] According to the solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge tank provided by the present invention, the storage chambers are all connected to a loading and unloading pipe, and a loading and unloading control valve is provided on the loading and unloading pipe.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen storage and discharge system is provided, comprising a hydrogen charging unit, a heating flow device, a hydrogen discharge unit, a cooling flow device, a circulating heating unit, a circulating cooling unit and the solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge tank described above.

[0017] The hydrogen charging unit is connected to the inlet of the rotary air delivery assembly via the heating and circulation device. The exhaust pipe is connected to the hydrogen discharge unit via the cooling and circulation device. The circulating heating unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the inlet of the heating and circulation device. The circulating cooling unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the inlet of the rotary air delivery assembly via the cooling and circulation device.

[0018] According to a hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention, the hydrogen charging unit includes an air intake main valve and a booster pump, and the hydrogen discharge unit includes an air exhaust main valve.

[0019] The inlet of the main intake valve is connected to a hydrogen source. The outlet of the main intake valve is connected to the inlet of the boost pump. The outlet of the boost pump is connected to the inlet of the heating flow device. The outlet of the heating flow device is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly. The outlet of the exhaust pipe is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device. The outlet of the cooling flow device is connected to the inlet of the main exhaust valve. The outlet of the main exhaust valve is connected to the system to be supplied with hydrogen.

[0020] According to a hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention, a first control valve is provided between the outlet of the boost pump and the inlet of the heating circulation device. A second control valve is provided between the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the inlet of the cooling circulation device. A first flow control valve is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve and the inlet of the boost pump. A second flow control valve is provided between the outlet of the cooling circulation device and the inlet of the exhaust main valve. A first one-way valve is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve and the inlet of the first flow control valve. A second one-way valve is provided between the outlet of the exhaust main valve and the system to be supplied with hydrogen.

[0021] According to a hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention, the outlet of the second control valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device through a tee.

[0022] The heating circulation unit includes a third control valve, a fourth control valve, a third check valve, and a circulation pump. The outlet of the second control valve is connected to the inlet of the third control valve via the three-way connection. The outlet of the third control valve is connected to the inlet of the third check valve. The outlet of the third check valve is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the fourth control valve and the cooling circulation unit, respectively. The outlet of the fourth control valve is connected to the inlet of the heating circulation device.

[0023] According to a hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention, the cooling circulation unit includes a fifth control valve and a fourth one-way valve.

[0024] The inlet of the fifth control valve is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump. The outlet of the fifth control valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device. The outlet of the cooling flow device is connected to the inlet of the fourth one-way valve. The outlet of the fourth one-way valve is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly.

[0025] According to a hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention, a flow meter is installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the inlet of the rotary air supply component respectively.

[0026] Temperature detection devices and pressure detection devices are provided at the inlet front end of the heating flow device, the outlet rear end of the heating flow device, the outlet rear end of the exhaust pipe, the outlet rear end of the cooling flow device and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0027] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen storage and decomposition method is provided, wherein the hydrogen storage and decomposition method includes a hydrogen storage process, wherein the hydrogen storage process includes:

[0028] The hydrogen charging unit passes hydrogen through the heating flow device, the rotating gas supply component and the jet device into the solid hydrogen storage tank;

[0029] The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe passes through the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device, and then enters the solid hydrogen storage tank through the rotating gas supply component and the jet device;

[0030] When the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the hydrogen reacts with the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity to perform a hydrogen storage reaction.

[0031] According to a hydrogen storage and release method provided by the present invention, the steps of introducing hydrogen into the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank through the heating flow device via the rotating gas supply component and the jet device specifically include:

[0032] Connect the main air intake valve to the hydrogen source, and open the main air intake valve, booster pump, first control valve and heating flow device. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen source passes through the main air intake valve, booster pump and first control valve and then enters the heating flow device for heating. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the rotary gas delivery component;

[0033] Turn on the rotary drive device, which drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades and the bottom air distribution pipe to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber, so that the solid hydrogen storage material is in a suspended flow state under the action of stirring and hydrogen jet and is fully mixed with the hydrogen for heat exchange;

[0034] The hydrogen after heat exchange with the solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the exhaust pipe after being buffered by the gas buffer and gas-solid separation components.

[0035] According to a hydrogen storage and release method provided by the present invention, the steps of the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe passing through the circulation heating unit and the heating flow device and then entering the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank through the rotating gas supply component and the jet device specifically include:

[0036] Open the second control valve, the third control valve, the fourth control valve and the circulation pump to allow the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe to merge with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen source and then enter the heating and flow device. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the rotating gas delivery component.

[0037] According to a hydrogen storage and release method provided by the present invention, after the step of hydrogen gas reacting with the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber under the condition that the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the method further includes:

[0038] The hydrogen storage reaction consumes hydrogen and releases heat. The heating flow device and the fourth control valve are closed, and the fifth control valve and the cooling flow device are opened, so that the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe is cooled by the cooling flow device and then merged with the hydrogen input by the hydrogen source. The merged hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the rotating gas delivery component;

[0039] When the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity is in a saturated state, the main air intake valve, the boost pump, the first control valve, the heating flow device, the second control valve, the third control valve, the circulation pump, the fourth control valve, the fifth control valve and the cooling flow device are closed.

[0040] According to a hydrogen storage and decomposition method provided by the present invention, the hydrogen storage and decomposition method further includes a hydrogen decomposition process, and the hydrogen decomposition process includes:

[0041] Open the second control valve, cooling flow device, exhaust main valve, third control valve, circulation pump, fourth control valve and heating flow device. The part of hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank that has not undergone hydrogen storage reaction enters the cooling flow device through the second control valve and the tee. The cooled hydrogen is discharged from the exhaust main valve.

[0042] The remaining hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank that has not undergone hydrogen storage reaction enters the heating flow device through the second control valve, the three-way valve, the third control valve, the third one-way valve, the circulation pump and the fourth control valve. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank through the rotating gas delivery component;

[0043] Turn on the rotary drive device, which drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades and the bottom air distribution pipe to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber, so that the solid hydrogen storage material is suspended and flowed under the action of stirring and hydrogen jet and is fully mixed with hydrogen for heat exchange;

[0044] When the temperature reaches the conditions for hydrogen desorption reaction, the solid hydride undergoes hydrogen desorption reaction. Part of the hydrogen released by the solid hydride is cooled by the cooling flow device and then discharged from the hydrogen desorption unit; the remaining hydrogen released by the solid hydride is heated by the heating circulation unit and the heating flow device and then input into the solid hydrogen storage and desorption tank by the rotary gas supply component to maintain the temperature required for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0045] According to a hydrogen storage and release method provided by the present invention, the hydrogen storage and release method further includes a solid-state hydrogen storage material replacement process, and the solid-state hydrogen storage material replacement process includes:

[0046] Connect the main air intake valve to the inert gas source, open the main air intake valve, booster pump, first control valve, rotary drive device and loading and unloading control valve, and the inert gas passes through the main air intake valve, booster pump and second control valve, and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the rotary gas delivery component;

[0047] The rotary drive device drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades and the bottom air distribution pipe to stir the old solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber, so that the old solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the loading and unloading pipe under the action of stirring and the inert gas jet. After the old solid hydrogen storage material is completely discharged, the main gas valve, the booster pump, the first control valve and the rotary drive device are closed, and the new solid hydrogen storage material is input into the storage chamber through the loading and unloading pipe, and the loading and unloading control valve is closed;

[0048] Connect the main air inlet valve to the hydrogen source and complete the replacement of hydrogen and inert gas.

[0049] The solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank provided by the present invention includes a tank body, a rotating air supply component and a jet device. A storage chamber is provided in the tank body. The storage chamber is used to contain solid hydrogen storage materials. The rotating air supply component extends from the outside of the tank body to the inside of the tank body to transport hydrogen from the outside of the tank body to the inside of the tank body. The rotating air supply component can drive the jet device to rotate relative to the tank body. The jet device includes a jet hole. During the rotation of the jet device, the jet hole will also rotate accordingly. The jet hole is connected to the rotating air supply component and the storage chamber. An exhaust pipe is provided on the top plate of the tank body, and the unreacted hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reaction or the hydrogen released in the hydrogen release reaction is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0050] Through this structural setting, driven by the rotating air supply component, the hydrogen input by the rotating air supply component can be rotated and input into the storage chamber through the jet hole, so as to enable the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber to be in a suspended flow state as much as possible, and to fully and quickly exchange heat with the hydrogen, thereby greatly improving the rate of hydrogen storage and release reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0052] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a partial structural diagram of the rotary gas delivery component and the jet device in the hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3It is a structural schematic diagram of the gas buffer and gas-solid separation components in the hydrogen storage tank provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the system structure of the hydrogen storage and discharge system provided by the present invention;

[0056] Reference numerals:

[0057] 100. Solid-state hydrogen storage tank; 110. Tank body; 111. Top plate; 112. Bottom plate; 113. Side wall; 120. Storage chamber; 130. Exhaust pipe; 140. Rotary air supply assembly; 141. Rotary drive device; 142. Air supply pipe; 143. Air injection pipe; 144. Sealing ferrule; 145. Bottom air distribution pipe; 146. Air distribution hole; 150. Jet device; 151. Jet hole; 152. Jet blade; 160. Filter; 170. Bottom air distribution chamber; 180. Gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly; 181. Buffer baffle; 182. Guide plate; 183. Guide hole; 184. Exhaust gap; 190. Loading and unloading pipe; 191 , loading and unloading control valve; 210, air intake main valve; 220, first one-way valve; 230, first flow control valve; 240, boosting pump; 250, first control valve; 300, heating flow device; 410, second control valve; 420, three-way; 500, cooling flow device; 610, second flow control valve; 620, exhaust main valve; 630, second one-way valve; 710, third control valve; 720, third one-way valve; 730, circulating pump; 740, fourth control valve; 810, fifth control valve; 820, fourth one-way valve; 910, temperature detection device; 920, pressure detection device; 930, flow meter; 940, safety unloading device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections; and direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0061] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0062] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, in the absence of mutual contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer. The technical solutions in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] The following combination Figures 1 to 4 A solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100, a hydrogen storage system, and a hydrogen storage method according to an embodiment of the present invention are described. It should be understood that the following description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any particular limitation to the present invention.

[0064] The embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 includes:

[0065] The tank body 110 has a storage cavity 120 disposed therein, and an exhaust pipe 130 disposed on the top plate 111 of the tank body 110;

[0066] The rotating gas supply assembly 140 extends from the outside of the tank body 110 to the inside of the tank body 110. The rotating gas supply assembly 140 can rotate inside the tank body 110 and deliver gas;

[0067] The jet device 150 includes a jet hole 151 , which is connected to the rotating air supply component 140 and the storage chamber 120 . The jet device 150 can rotate in the storage chamber 120 along with the rotating air supply component 140 .

[0068] The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 provided by the present invention includes a tank body 110, a rotating air supply component 140 and a jet device 150. A storage chamber 120 is provided in the tank body 110. The storage chamber 120 is used to contain solid hydrogen storage materials. The rotating air supply component 140 extends from the outside of the tank body 110 to the inside of the tank body 110 to transport hydrogen from the outside of the tank body 110 to the inside of the tank body 110. The rotating air supply component 140 can drive the jet device 150 to rotate relative to the tank body 110. The jet device 150 includes a jet hole 151. During the rotation of the jet device 150, the jet hole 151 will also rotate accordingly. The jet hole 151 is connected to the rotating air supply component 140 and the storage chamber 120. An exhaust pipe 130 is provided on the top plate 111 of the tank body 110 , and the unreacted hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reaction or the hydrogen released in the hydrogen release reaction is discharged through the exhaust pipe 130 .

[0069] Through this structural setting, driven by the rotating air supply component 140, the hydrogen input by the rotating air supply component 140 can be rotated and input into the storage chamber 120 through the jet hole 151, so as to enable the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120 to be in a suspended flow state as much as possible, and to fully and quickly exchange heat with the hydrogen, thereby greatly improving the rate of hydrogen storage and release reactions.

[0070] For example, when a hydrogen storage reaction is required, initially, the hydrogen entering through the inlet of the rotary gas delivery assembly 140 is heated by the heating flow device 300. This hydrogen enters the storage chamber 120 via the rotary gas delivery assembly 140 and the jet holes 151 of the jet device 150, exchanging heat with the solid hydrogen storage material within the storage chamber 120. When the temperature and pressure within the tank body 110 reach the conditions for the hydrogen storage reaction, the hydrogen entering the tank body 110 undergoes a hydrogen storage reaction with the solid material. For another example, while the hydrogen undergoes a hydrogen storage reaction with the solid hydrogen storage material, a large amount of heat is released while the hydrogen is consumed. To maintain the rate of the hydrogen storage reaction, the unreacted hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 can be fed into the cooling flow device 500 for cooling. The cooled hydrogen is then fed into the storage chamber 120 via the rotary gas delivery assembly 140 and the jet holes 151 to remove the heat released by the hydrogen storage reaction.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotary air supply assembly 140 includes a rotary drive device 141 , an air supply pipe 142 and an air injection pipe 143 .

[0072] One end of the air supply pipe 142 extends from the outside of the tank body 110 to the inside of the tank body 110. The other end of the air supply pipe 142 is located outside the tank body 110 and connected to the rotation drive device 141. The air injection pipe 143 is located outside the tank body 110 and is connected to the air supply pipe 142. The jet hole 151 is connected to the air supply pipe 142.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluidic device 150 includes at least one fluidic blade 152. A gas supply cavity is formed within the fluidic blade 152. The gas supply cavity is connected to the gas supply pipe 142. A fluidic hole 151 is provided on the fluidic blade 152, and the storage chamber 120 is connected to the gas supply cavity through the fluidic hole 151.

[0074] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of filters 160 are spaced apart inside the tank 110. A storage cavity 120 is formed between each two adjacent filters 160. A jet device 150 is disposed in each storage cavity 120.

[0075] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the tank body 110 includes a top plate 111, a bottom plate 112 and a side wall 113. Among them, the side wall 113 is a cylindrical structure. The top plate 111 is a hemispherical structure protruding upward and is connected to the top edge of the side wall 113. The bottom plate 112 is a hemispherical structure protruding downward and is connected to the bottom edge of the side wall 113. The exhaust pipe 130 is arranged at a non-center position of the top plate 111. An insulation layer is provided on the outside of the tank body 110 to prevent heat loss in the tank. At the same time, a temperature detection device 910 and a pressure detection device 920 can also be provided in the tank to detect the temperature and pressure values ​​in the tank in real time.

[0076] Multiple filters 160 are spaced apart within the tank body 110, with a storage cavity 120 formed between each two adjacent filters 160. It should be noted that hydrogen can flow from one side of the filter 160 to the other side of the filter 160. In other words, hydrogen can pass through the filter 160, while the solid-state hydrogen storage material cannot. This restricts the solid-state hydrogen storage material to suspended flow within the corresponding storage cavity 120. For example, the solid-state hydrogen storage material filling amount in each storage cavity 120 is 80% of the volume of the storage cavity 120.

[0077] In this embodiment, three filters 160 are spaced apart within the tank body 110. Two storage chambers 120 are formed between the three filters 160. For example, from top to bottom, the three filters 160 are a first filter plate, a second filter plate, and a third filter plate. A first storage chamber is formed between the first and second filter plates, and a second storage chamber is formed between the second and third filter plates.

[0078] The rotary air supply assembly 140 includes a rotary drive device 141, an air injection pipe 143 and an air supply pipe 142. For example, the rotary drive device 141 is a motor. In other embodiments of the present invention, the rotary drive device 141 may also include other rotary power mechanisms such as a motor. One end of the air supply pipe 142 passes through the top plate 111, the first filter plate, the first storage chamber, the second filter plate, the second storage chamber and the third filter plate from the outside of the top plate 111 along the central axis direction of the tank body 110 and extends to between the third filter plate and the bottom plate 112. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the other end of the air supply pipe 142 to drive the air supply pipe 142 to rotate. A sealing sleeve 144 is provided at the connecting end between the output shaft of the motor and the air supply pipe 142. The sealing sleeve 144 is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the motor. A connecting space is formed between the sealing sleeve 144 and the air supply pipe 142. The air injection pipe 143 passes through the sealing sleeve 144 and is connected to the connecting space. A plurality of air supply holes are formed on the air supply pipe 142. The hydrogen outside the tank body 110 is transported from the air injection pipe 142 through the sealing sleeve 144 and the air supply holes to the air supply pipe 142, and then transported to the inside of the tank body 110 through the air supply pipe 142.

[0079] In this embodiment, a jet device 150 is provided in each of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber, and each jet device 150 is located at the lower portion of the corresponding storage chamber 120. For example, the jet device 150 includes four jet blades 152. Each jet blade 152 is connected to the air supply pipe 142 in a surrounding manner. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each jet blade 152 is arranged obliquely in a manner similar to that of an electric fan blade. The jet blade 152 has a certain thickness to form an air supply cavity therein. A plurality of jet holes 151 are arranged at intervals on each jet blade 152. The air supply cavity of the jet blade 152 is interconnected with the inner cavity of the air supply pipe 142. The air supply cavity of the jet blade 152 is interconnected with the first storage cavity or the second storage cavity through the jet holes 151. As a result, the gas in the air supply pipe 142 can enter the air supply cavity of the jet blade 152 and be sprayed into the first storage cavity and the second storage cavity by the jet holes 151 on the jet blade 152.

[0080] When the motor drives the air supply pipe 142 to rotate, the air supply pipe 142 can also drive the jet blade 152 to rotate. As the jet blade 152 rotates, hydrogen gas input through the gas injection pipe 143 and the air supply pipe 142 can be ejected from the jet hole 151 into the storage chamber 120, causing the solid hydrogen storage material to be in a violent suspended flow state, appearing to boil.

[0081] This structural arrangement accelerates the heat exchange between hydrogen and the solid-state hydrogen storage material when hydrogen is used as the heating medium, and accelerates the mixing and contact rate between hydrogen and the solid-state hydrogen storage material when hydrogen is used as the reaction medium. This, in turn, increases the rate of hydrogen storage and release reactions.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, a bottom air distribution cavity 170 is formed between the filter 160 located at the bottom of the tank body 110 and the bottom plate 112 of the tank body 110. The rotary air supply assembly 140 also includes at least one bottom air distribution pipe 145. Each bottom air distribution pipe 145 is connected to the air supply pipe 142. The bottom air distribution pipe 145 is connected to the bottom air distribution cavity 170.

[0083] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly 180 is installed between the filter 160 located on the top of the tank body 110 and the top plate 111 of the tank body 110 .

[0084] The gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly 180 includes a buffer baffle 181 and a guide plate 182. The guide plate 182 is connected to the underside of the buffer baffle 181. The guide plate 182 is provided with a guide hole 183 for communicating with the buffer baffle 181. An exhaust gap 184 is provided between the guide plate 182 and the buffer baffle 181. The edge of the buffer baffle 181 extends to the outside of the exhaust gap 184. The edge of the guide plate 182 extends to the outside of the edge of the buffer baffle 181.

[0085] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly 180 is arranged between the first filter plate and the top plate 111. The gas buffer and gas-solid separation assembly 180 includes a buffer baffle 181 and a guide plate 182. The buffer baffle 181 and the guide plate 182 are both hemispherical structures. The hemispherical diameter of the buffer baffle 181 is smaller than the hemispherical diameter of the guide plate 182. The buffer baffle 181 and the guide plate 182 are coaxially arranged, and the buffer baffle 181 is located on the upper side of the guide plate 182. The guide plate 182 is connected to the buffer baffle 181 through the guide hole 183 in the center. An exhaust gap 184 is formed between the buffer baffle 181 and the guide plate 182. The outer edge of the buffer baffle 181 extends to the outside of the exhaust gap 184. During operation, the hydrogen in the first storage chamber can pass through the first filter plate and be guided to the lower side of the buffer baffle 181 through the guide hole 183. After being blocked and buffered by the buffer baffle 181, the hydrogen is discharged through the exhaust gap 184 and the exhaust pipe 130. At the same time, the fine particles contained in the hydrogen fall from the edge of the buffer baffle 181 onto the guide plate 182 and slide from the guide plate 182 onto the first filter plate.

[0086] A bottom air distribution cavity 170 is formed between the third filter plate and the bottom plate 112. The lower end of the air supply pipe 142 extends into the bottom air distribution cavity 170. The lower end of the air supply pipe 142 is connected to at least one bottom air distribution pipe 145. In this embodiment, four bottom air distribution pipes 145 are arranged around the lower end of the air supply pipe 142. Each bottom air distribution pipe 145 is connected to the inner cavity of the air supply pipe 142. A plurality of air distribution holes 146 are arranged at intervals on the upper side of the bottom air distribution pipe 145. The bottom air distribution cavity 170 is connected to the inner cavity of the bottom air distribution pipe 145 through the air distribution holes 146. As a result, the hydrogen in the air supply pipe 142 can be sprayed upward into the second storage cavity through the air distribution holes 146 on the bottom air distribution pipe 145, so that the solid hydrogen storage material in the second storage cavity is subjected to an upward force, thereby enhancing its suspension flow effect.

[0087] In another embodiment of the present invention, each storage cavity 120 is connected to a loading and unloading pipe 190. A loading and unloading control valve 191 is provided on the loading and unloading pipe 190. Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a loading and unloading pipe 190 is respectively provided at a corresponding position of the first and second storage chambers. Each loading and unloading pipe 190 is connected by a loading and unloading main pipe. A loading and unloading control valve 191 can be installed on the loading and unloading main pipe. Alternatively, a loading and unloading control valve 191 can be installed on each loading and unloading pipe 190.

[0088] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage and discharge system, including a hydrogen charging unit, a heating flow device 300, a hydrogen discharge unit, a cooling flow device 500, a circulating heating unit, a circulating cooling unit and the solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge tank 100 as described above.

[0089] The hydrogen charging unit is connected to the inlet of the rotary air delivery assembly 140 via a heating flow device 300. The exhaust pipe 130 is connected to the hydrogen discharge unit via a cooling flow device 500. The circulating heating unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 and the inlet of the heating flow device 300. The circulating cooling unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 and the inlet of the rotary air delivery assembly 140 via a cooling flow device 500.

[0090] It should be noted that the heating and flow-through device 300 comprises a heating portion and a flow-through portion. The flow-through portion is normally open, while the heating portion can be adjusted between an off and an on state. When the heating portion is off, the temperature of the gas passing through the heating and flow-through device 300 remains unchanged. When the heating portion is on, the temperature of the gas passing through the heating and flow-through device 300 increases. The temperature adjustment range of the heating portion can be adjusted as needed.

[0091] Similarly, the cooling flow device 500 includes a cooling portion and a flow portion. The flow portion is also normally open, while the cooling portion can be adjusted between an open and closed state. When the cooling portion is closed, the temperature of the gas passing through the cooling flow device 500 remains unchanged. When the cooling portion is open, the temperature of the gas passing through the cooling flow device 500 decreases. The temperature adjustment range of the cooling portion can be adjusted automatically according to demand.

[0092] During operation, when a hydrogen storage reaction is required, the hydrogen charging unit, the heating and circulation device 300, and the circulating heating unit are turned on. The hydrogen charging unit inputs hydrogen into the heating and circulation device 300 for heating, and the heated hydrogen is input into the storage cavity 120 in the tank body 110 and exchanges heat with the solid hydrogen storage material. At this time, hydrogen is the heat transfer medium. After the heat exchange, the hydrogen is discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 to the circulating heating unit. The circulating heating unit combines the cooled hydrogen with the hydrogen output by the hydrogen source and inputs it into the heating and circulation device 300 for heating, and the heated hydrogen is input into the storage cavity 120 in the tank body 110. In this way, heat is continuously provided to the solid hydrogen storage material. When the temperature and pressure in the storage cavity 120 reach the conditions for the hydrogen storage reaction, hydrogen acts as a reaction medium to perform a hydrogen storage reaction with the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0093] During the hydrogen storage reaction, hydrogen is the reaction medium, and a large amount of heat is released while consuming hydrogen. At this time, the heating circulation device 300 is turned off, and the cooling circulation device 500 and the circulating cooling unit are turned on. The unreacted hydrogen inside the tank body 110 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 130, and after cooling by the circulating cooling unit and the cooling circulation device 500, it is merged with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen gas source. The merged hydrogen is input into the storage cavity 120 of the tank body 110 through the flow portion of the heating circulation device 300, so that the reaction medium is input into the storage cavity 120 while taking away part of the heat in the tank body 110, thereby ensuring the reaction rate of the hydrogen storage reaction.

[0094] After the hydrogen storage reaction is completed, there will inevitably be unreacted hydrogen inside the tank body 110. When it is necessary to release hydrogen, the hydrogen release unit, the circulating heating unit, the heating and circulation device 300 and the cooling and circulation device 500 are opened. Part of the hydrogen in the tank body 110 is discharged from the hydrogen release unit to the hydrogen supply system after being cooled by the cooling and circulation device 500. The remaining hydrogen in the tank body 110 is transported to the heating and circulation device 300 for heating through the circulating heating unit. The heated hydrogen is input into the storage cavity 120 of the tank body 110 to exchange heat with the solid hydride. When its temperature reaches the hydrogen release reaction conditions, the solid hydride undergoes a hydrogen release reaction and releases hydrogen. A portion of the released hydrogen is also transported to the hydrogen supply system through the cooling and circulation device 500 and the hydrogen release unit, and the other portion is heated by the heating and circulation device 300 and then transported to the tank body 110 for a hydrogen release reaction, and this cycle continues. When it is no longer necessary to supply hydrogen to the system to be supplied with hydrogen, the hydrogen discharge unit, the circulating heating unit, the heating flow device 300 and the cooling flow device 500 are all shut down.

[0095] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen charging unit includes an air intake main valve 210 and a boost pump 240 , and the hydrogen discharging unit includes an air exhaust main valve 620 .

[0096] The inlet of the main intake valve 210 is connected to a hydrogen source. The outlet of the main intake valve 210 is connected to the inlet of the boost pump 240. The outlet of the boost pump 240 is connected to the inlet of the heating flow device 300. The outlet of the heating flow device 300 is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly 140. The outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device 500. The outlet of the cooling flow device 500 is connected to the inlet of the main exhaust valve 620. The outlet of the main exhaust valve 620 is connected to the system to be supplied with hydrogen.

[0097] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first control valve 250 is provided between the outlet of the boost pump 240 and the inlet of the heating flow device 300. A second control valve 410 is provided between the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 and the inlet of the cooling flow device 500. A first flow control valve 230 is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve 210 and the inlet of the boost pump 240. A second flow control valve 610 is provided between the outlet of the cooling flow device 500 and the inlet of the exhaust main valve 620. A first check valve 220 is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve 210 and the inlet of the first flow control valve 230. A second check valve 630 is provided between the outlet of the exhaust main valve 620 and the system to be supplied with hydrogen.

[0098] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the second control valve 410 is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device 500 through a tee 420 .

[0099] The heating circulation unit includes a third control valve 710, a fourth control valve 740, a third check valve 720, and a circulation pump 730. The outlet of the second control valve 410 is connected to the inlet of the third control valve 710 via a three-way valve 420. The outlet of the third control valve 710 is connected to the inlet of the third check valve 720. The outlet of the third check valve 720 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 730. The outlet of the circulation pump 730 is connected to the inlet of the fourth control valve 740 and the cooling circulation unit, respectively. The outlet of the fourth control valve 740 is connected to the inlet of the heating flow device 300.

[0100] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling circulation unit includes a fifth control valve 810 and a fourth check valve 820 .

[0101] The inlet of the fifth control valve 810 is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 730. The outlet of the fifth control valve 810 is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device 500. The outlet of the cooling flow device 500 is connected to the inlet of the fourth one-way valve 820. The outlet of the fourth one-way valve 820 is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly 140.

[0102] Specifically, if Figure 4As shown, the inlet of the main intake valve 210 is connected to the hydrogen source, the outlet of the main intake valve 210 is connected to the inlet of the first one-way valve 220, the outlet of the first one-way valve 220 is connected to the inlet of the first flow control valve 230, the outlet of the first flow control valve 230 is connected to the inlet of the boost pump 240, the outlet of the boost pump 240 is connected to the inlet of the first control valve 250, the outlet of the first control valve 250 is connected to the inlet of the heating and flow device 300, and the outlet of the heating and flow device 300 is connected to the inlet of the gas injection pipe 143. It should be noted that when the heating and flow device 300 is in the closed state, the temperature of the gas flowing through the heating and flow device 300 remains unchanged. When the heating and flow device 300 is in the open state, the temperature of the gas flowing through the heating and flow device 300 increases. The gas temperature regulation range can be adjusted by adjusting the heating power of the heating and flow device 300.

[0103] The outlet of exhaust pipe 130 is connected to the inlet of second control valve 410, which is connected to the inlet of cooling flow device 500 and the inlet of third control valve 710 via T-joint 420. The outlet of cooling flow device 500 is connected to the inlet of second flow control valve 610, which is connected to the inlet of exhaust main valve 620. The outlet of exhaust main valve 620 is connected to the inlet of second one-way valve 630, which is connected to the hydrogen supply system.

[0104] The outlet of the third control valve 710 is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve 720, which is in turn connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 730. The outlet of the circulation pump 730 is connected to the inlets of the fourth control valve 740 and the fifth control valve 810, respectively. The outlet of the fourth control valve 740 is connected to the inlet of the heating flow-through device 300. The outlet of the fifth control valve 810 is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow-through device 500, which is in turn connected to the inlet of the fourth one-way valve 820. The outlet of the fourth one-way valve 820 is connected to the inlet of the heating flow-through device 300.

[0105] In one embodiment of the present invention, the intake main valve 210 , the exhaust main valve 620 , the first control valve 250 , the second control valve 410 , the third control valve 710 , the fourth control valve 740 and the fifth control valve 810 all include but are not limited to solenoid valves.

[0106] In another embodiment of the present invention, a flow meter 930 is installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 and the inlet of the rotary air supply component 140 respectively.

[0107] A temperature detection device 910 and a pressure detection device 920 are provided at the inlet front end of the heating flow device 300, the outlet rear end of the heating flow device 300, the outlet rear end of the exhaust pipe 130, the outlet rear end of the cooling flow device 500 and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100.

[0108] For example, a flow meter 930 is respectively provided at the front end of the inlet of the gas injection pipe 143 and the rear end of the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130. After the hydrogen storage reaction begins, when the readings of the two flow meters 930 remain equal for a period of time, it indicates that the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120 is in a saturated state. A temperature detection device 910 and a pressure detection device 920 are provided at the front end of the inlet of the heating flow device 300, the rear end of the outlet of the heating flow device 300, the rear end of the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130, the rear end of the outlet of the cooling flow device 500, and the solid hydrogen storage and release tank 100. These facilitate real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure values ​​at various locations, allowing staff to adjust the temperature adjustment range of the heating flow device 300 and the cooling flow device 500, thereby further improving the rate of the hydrogen storage and release reaction.

[0109] In addition, a safety unloading device 940 can be set at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130. The safety unloading device 940 includes but is not limited to a relief valve. When the pressure value at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 is greater than the safety opening pressure of the relief valve, the relief valve opens, and the gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 overflows to the outside of the hydrogen storage and release system to protect the hydrogen storage and release system.

[0110] In the hydrogen storage and release system of the present invention, hydrogen serves as both a heat exchange medium and a reaction medium. By pressurizing, heating, and cooling the hydrogen, the environment required for the hydrogen storage and release reaction of the solid-state hydrogen storage material is created, without the need for other heat exchange media.

[0111] At the same time, by providing a rotating gas supply component 140 in the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank 100, the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the solid-state hydrogen storage and release tank 100 can be subjected to violent suspension flow and boiling under the dual effects of the rotating stirring of the rotating gas supply component and the hydrogen jet, thereby greatly increasing the contact area between the hydrogen used for heat exchange and reaction and the solid-state hydrogen storage material, significantly improving the heat transfer and mass transfer process during the hydrogen storage and release reaction, and making the overall system have a higher hydrogen storage and release rate.

[0112] In addition, the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 can be quickly replaced by rotating the gas supply assembly 140 and the loading and unloading pipe 190, without removing the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 from the hydrogen storage system, which greatly improves the replacement efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage material and makes the subsequent maintenance process of the overall system more convenient and efficient.

[0113] Furthermore, the free gas space within the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 can store a certain amount of gaseous hydrogen after the hydrogen storage reaction is complete. This allows the system to immediately release some of the hydrogen stored in the free gas space when hydrogen is needed, ensuring hydrogen supply. The remaining hydrogen, after heating and circulation, is then used to raise the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material within the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 for continuous hydrogen supply. Therefore, the overall system responds extremely quickly to hydrogen supply needs, eliminating the need to preheat the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 for hydrogen supply, thus improving hydrogen supply efficiency.

[0114] The embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen, which includes a hydrogen storage process. The hydrogen storage process includes:

[0115] The hydrogen charging unit passes hydrogen through the heating flow device 300, the rotating gas supply assembly 140 and the jet device 150 into the solid hydrogen storage tank 100;

[0116] The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 passes through the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device 300, and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotating gas supply component 140 and the jet device 150;

[0117] When the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the hydrogen gas undergoes a hydrogen storage reaction with the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity 120 .

[0118] In one embodiment of the present invention, the steps of introducing hydrogen into the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the heating flow device 300 via the rotating gas supply assembly 140 and the jet device 150 specifically include:

[0119] Connect the main intake valve 210 to the hydrogen source, and open the main intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, and the heating and flow-through device 300. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen source passes through the main intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, and the first control valve 250 and enters the heating and flow-through device 300 for heating. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotary gas delivery assembly 140.

[0120] The rotary drive device 141 is turned on. The rotary drive device 141 drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades 152 and the bottom air distribution pipe 145 to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120. The solid hydrogen storage material is suspended and flowed under the action of the stirring and hydrogen jet, and is fully mixed with the hydrogen for heat exchange.

[0121] The hydrogen after heat exchange with the solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 after being buffered by the gas buffer and gas-solid separation component 180 .

[0122] Furthermore, in another embodiment of the present invention, the steps of the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 passing through the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device 300 and then entering the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotating gas delivery component 140 and the jet device 150 specifically include:

[0123] Open the second control valve 410, the third control valve 710, the fourth control valve 740 and the circulation pump 730 to allow the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 to merge with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen source and then enter the heating and circulation device 300. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotating gas delivery component 140.

[0124] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, after the step of hydrogen gas reacting with the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120 under the condition that the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the step further includes:

[0125] The hydrogen storage reaction consumes hydrogen and releases heat. The heating flow device 300 and the fourth control valve 740 are closed, and the fifth control valve 810 and the cooling flow device 500 are opened. The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 is cooled by the cooling flow device 500 and then merged with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen source. The merged hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotating gas delivery assembly 140.

[0126] When the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120 is in a saturated state, the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, the heating flow device 300, the second control valve 410, the third control valve 710, the circulation pump 730, the fourth control valve 740, the fifth control valve 810 and the cooling flow device 500 are closed.

[0127] The hydrogen storage and discharge system is described in detail in conjunction with the above. The hydrogen storage process specifically includes:

[0128] Connect the inlet of the main air intake valve 210 to the hydrogen source, and open the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, the heating flow device 300, the second control valve 410, the third control valve 710, the circulation pump 730, the fourth control valve 740 and the motor;

[0129] The hydrogen output from the hydrogen source passes through the main inlet valve 210, the first one-way valve 220, and the first flow control valve 230 and enters the booster pump 240 for boosting. The boosted high-pressure hydrogen passes through the second control valve 410 and enters the heating flow device 300 for heating. The heated high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen enters the air delivery pipe 142 through the air injection pipe 143.

[0130] At the same time, the motor drives the air supply pipe 142 to rotate the jet blades 152 and the bottom air distribution pipe 145, and the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is ejected into the storage chamber 120 through the jet holes 151 and the air distribution holes 146, causing the solid hydrogen storage material to violently suspend and flow in a boiling state, and quickly and fully exchange heat with the solid hydrogen storage material;

[0131] The hydrogen gas after heat exchange with the solid hydrogen storage material passes through the filtering function of the filter 160, the buffering and gas-solid separation function of the gas buffer and gas-solid separation component 180, and is discharged from the exhaust pipe 130;

[0132] The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe 130 passes through the second control valve 410, the three-way valve 420, the third control valve 710, and the third one-way valve 720, and then enters the circulation pump 730 for pressurization. After passing through the fourth control valve 740, the pressurized hydrogen is combined with the hydrogen output by the hydrogen source and enters the heating flow device 300 for heating. Subsequently, the hydrogen is ejected into the storage chamber 120 through the gas injection pipe 143, the gas delivery pipe 142, the jet hole 151, and the gas distribution hole 146 to exchange heat with the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0133] When the temperature and pressure in the tank 110 reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, hydrogen as a reaction medium begins to react with the solid hydrogen storage material to perform hydrogen storage reaction;

[0134] During the hydrogen storage reaction, a large amount of heat is released while consuming hydrogen. When the temperature inside the tank 110 exceeds the optimal reaction temperature of the hydrogen storage reaction, the heating flow device 300 and the fourth control valve 740 are closed, and the fifth control valve 810 and the cooling flow device 500 are opened.

[0135] The hydrogen output from the hydrogen source passes through the intake main valve 210, the first one-way valve 220, the first flow control valve 230, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, and the heating and flow-through device 300, and then enters the storage chamber 120 through the gas injection pipe 143, the air supply pipe 142, the jet hole 151, and the gas distribution hole 146. At this time, the heating and flow-through device 300 only has a flow-through function and no heating function. After the unconsumed hydrogen in the tank body 110 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 130, it passes through the second control valve 410, the three-way valve 420, the third control valve 710, the third one-way valve 720, the circulating pump 730, the fifth control valve 810, the cooling flow-through device 500, and the fourth one-way valve 820, and then flows through the heating and flow-through device 300 through the gas injection pipe 143, the air supply pipe 142, the jet hole 151, and the gas distribution hole 146 to the storage chamber 120. The hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling flow device 500 can take away some of the heat in the storage cavity 120 to increase the hydrogen storage reaction rate;

[0136] When the solid-state hydrogen storage material is in a saturated state, for example, when the flow meter 930 at the front end of the inlet of the gas injection pipe 143 and the flow meter 930 at the rear end of the outlet of the exhaust pipe 130 remain equal for a period of time, the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, the motor, the second control valve 410, the third control valve 710, the circulation pump 730, the fifth control valve 810 and the cooling flow device 500 are closed, and the hydrogen storage process ends.

[0137] For example, when magnesium is used as a solid hydrogen storage material, when the temperature in the storage tank reaches 350°C and the pressure reaches 5MPa, hydrogen and magnesium react to form magnesium hydride, and the hydrogen storage reaction rate is relatively fast.

[0138] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen storage and decomposition method further includes a hydrogen decomposition process, wherein the hydrogen decomposition process includes:

[0139] Open the second control valve 410, the cooling flow device 500, the exhaust main valve 620, the third control valve 710, the circulation pump 730, the fourth control valve 740 and the heating flow device 300. The hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 that has not undergone hydrogen storage reaction enters the cooling flow device 500 through the second control valve 410 and the tee 420. The cooled hydrogen is discharged from the exhaust main valve 620.

[0140] The remaining hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 that has not undergone hydrogen storage reaction enters the heating flow device 300 through the second control valve 410, the three-way valve 420, the third control valve 710, the third one-way valve 720, the circulation pump 730 and the fourth control valve 740. The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotary gas supply assembly 140;

[0141] The rotary drive device 141 is turned on. The rotary drive device 141 drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades 152 and the bottom air distribution pipe 145 to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120. The solid hydrogen storage material is suspended and flowed under the action of the stirring and hydrogen jet, and is fully mixed with the hydrogen for heat exchange.

[0142] When the temperature reaches the conditions for the hydrogen desorption reaction, the solid hydride undergoes a hydrogen desorption reaction. Part of the hydrogen released by the solid hydride is cooled by the cooling flow device 500 and then discharged from the hydrogen desorption unit. The remaining hydrogen released by the solid hydride is heated by the heating circulation unit and the heating flow device 300 and then input into the solid hydrogen storage and desorption tank 100 by the rotating gas supply assembly 140 to maintain the temperature required for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0143] Specifically, since there is a certain space between the first filter plate and the top plate 111 of the tank body 110 , a certain amount of unreacted hydrogen will remain in the tank body 110 after the hydrogen storage reaction is completed.

[0144] The hydrogen release process specifically includes:

[0145] Open the motor, the second control valve 410, the cooling flow device 500, the exhaust main valve 620, the third control valve 710, the circulation pump 730, the fourth control valve 740 and the heating flow device 300;

[0146] After the hydrogen inside the tank body 110 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 130, it passes through the second control valve 410 and the tee 420. Part of the hydrogen is cooled by the cooling flow device 500 and then supplied to the hydrogen supply system through the second flow control valve 610, the exhaust main valve 620, and the second one-way valve 630. The remaining hydrogen passes through the third control valve 710, the third one-way valve 720, and the circulation pump 730 and enters the heating flow device 300 for heating. The heated high-temperature hydrogen is rotated and jetted into the storage chamber 120 through the gas injection pipe 143, the gas delivery pipe 142, the jet hole 151, and the gas distribution hole 146, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0147] When the temperature in the tank 110 reaches the hydrogen desorption reaction conditions, the solid hydride undergoes a hydrogen desorption reaction and releases hydrogen. Part of the released hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen supply system through the hydrogen desorption unit, and the remaining hydrogen is heated by the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device 300 and then injected into the storage chamber 120 to maintain the temperature required for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0148] When it is no longer necessary to release hydrogen, the motor, the second control valve 410 , the cooling flow device 500 , the exhaust main valve 620 , the third control valve 710 , the circulation pump 730 , the fourth control valve 740 and the heating flow device 300 are closed.

[0149] For example, when magnesium is used as a solid hydrogen storage material, when the temperature inside the storage tank reaches 280°C, magnesium hydride can decompose into hydrogen and magnesium, and the hydrogen release reaction rate is relatively fast.

[0150] In another embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen storage and decomposition method further includes a solid-state hydrogen storage material replacement process, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage material replacement process includes:

[0151] Connect the main air intake valve 210 to the inert gas source, open the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250, the rotary drive device 141, and the loading and unloading control valve 191, and the inert gas passes through the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, and the second control valve 410, and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 100 through the rotary gas delivery assembly 140;

[0152] The rotary drive device 141 drives the air inlet pipe to rotate the jet blades 152 and the bottom air distribution pipe 145, thereby stirring the old solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber 120. Under the action of stirring and the inert gas jet, the old solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the loading and unloading pipe 190. After the old solid hydrogen storage material is completely discharged, the main gas valve 210, the booster pump 240, the first control valve 250 and the rotary drive device 141 are closed, and new solid hydrogen storage material is input into the storage chamber 120 through the loading and unloading pipe 190, and the loading and unloading control valve 191 is closed.

[0153] The main air inlet valve 210 is connected to the hydrogen source to complete the replacement of hydrogen and inert gas.

[0154] For example, when the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity 120 is in a saturated state, it is necessary to replace the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity 120. The process of replacing the solid hydrogen storage material specifically includes:

[0155] Connect the main air intake valve 210 to the inert gas source, and open the main air intake valve 210, the booster pump 240, the first control valve 250, the motor, and the loading and unloading control valve 191;

[0156] The motor drives the air supply pipe 142 to rotate the jet blade 152 and the bottom distribution pipe. The inert gas passes through the main air intake valve 210, the first one-way valve 220, the first flow control valve 230, the booster pump 240, the first control valve 250 and the flow portion of the heating flow device 300 and enters the air injection pipe 143. The inert gas in the air injection pipe 143 rotates and jets into the storage chamber 120 through the air supply pipe 142, the jet hole 151 and the distribution hole 146.

[0157] Under the stirring action of the jet inert gas and the jet blades 152 , the old solid hydrogen storage material is suspended and flows violently, and is discharged to the outside of the tank body 110 through the loading and unloading pipe 190 ;

[0158] When the old solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity 120 is emptied, the main air intake valve 210, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250 and the motor are closed, and new solid hydrogen storage material is filled into the corresponding storage cavity 120 through the loading and unloading pipe 190;

[0159] After the new solid hydrogen storage material is filled, the loading and unloading control valve 191 is closed;

[0160] The intake main valve 210 is connected to the hydrogen gas source, the exhaust main valve 620 is separated from the hydrogen supply system, and the second control valve 410 and the exhaust main valve 620 are opened. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen gas source passes through the intake main valve 210, the first check valve 220, the first flow control valve 230, the boost pump 240, the first control valve 250 and the flow portion of the heating flow device 300, and then enters the storage chamber 120 through the gas injection pipe 143, the gas supply pipe 142, the jet hole 151 and the gas distribution hole 146. The gas in the storage chamber 120 is discharged to the outside of the hydrogen storage and release system through the exhaust pipe 130, the second control valve 410, the three-way valve 420, the flow portion of the cooling flow device 500, the second flow control valve 610, the exhaust main valve 620 and the second check valve 630. This continues for a period of time so that the hydrogen completely replaces the inert gas inside the tank body 110.

[0161] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: include: A tank body (110), wherein a material storage cavity (120) is provided in the tank body (110), and an exhaust pipe (130) is provided on a top plate (111) of the tank body (110); a rotating air supply assembly (140), the rotating air supply assembly (140) extending from the outside of the tank body (110) to the inside of the tank body (110), the rotating air supply assembly (140) being capable of rotating inside the tank body (110) and delivering gas; A jet device (150), the jet device (150) comprising a jet hole (151), the jet hole (151) being in communication with the rotating air supply component (140) and the storage chamber (120), and the jet device (150) being capable of rotating within the storage chamber (120) along with the rotating air supply component (140); The rotary air supply assembly (140) comprises a rotary drive device (141), an air supply pipe (142) and an air injection pipe (143). One end of the air supply pipe (142) extends from the outside of the tank body (110) to the inside of the tank body (110), the other end of the air supply pipe (142) is located outside the tank body (110) and connected to the rotation drive device (141), the air injection pipe (143) is located outside the tank body (110) and communicates with the air supply pipe (142), and the jet hole (151) is communicated with the air supply pipe (142); The jet device (150) comprises at least one jet blade (152), an air delivery cavity is formed inside the jet blade (152), the air delivery cavity is communicated with the air delivery pipe (142), the jet hole (151) is provided on the jet blade (152), and the storage cavity (120) is communicated with the air delivery cavity through the jet hole (151); A plurality of filters (160) are arranged at intervals inside the tank body (110), a storage cavity (120) is formed between each two adjacent filters (160), and each storage cavity (120) is provided with the jet device (150); A bottom air distribution cavity (170) is formed between the filter (160) located at the bottom of the tank body (110) and the bottom plate (112) of the tank body (110). The rotary air supply assembly (140) further includes at least one bottom air distribution pipe (145). Each of the bottom air distribution pipes (145) is connected to the air supply pipe (142), and the bottom air distribution pipes (145) are connected to the bottom air distribution cavity (170).

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas buffer and gas-solid separation component (180) is installed between the filter (160) located at the top of the tank body (110) and the top plate (111) of the tank body (110). The gas buffer and gas-solid separation component (180) includes a buffer baffle (181) and a guide plate (182), wherein the guide plate (182) is connected to the lower side of the buffer baffle (181), and a guide hole (183) for communicating with the buffer baffle (181) is provided on the guide plate (182), and an exhaust gap (184) is provided between the guide plate (182) and the buffer baffle (181), and the edge of the buffer baffle (181) extends to the outside of the exhaust gap (184), and the edge of the guide plate (182) extends to the outside of the edge of the buffer baffle (181).

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the storage chambers (120) is connected to a loading and unloading pipe (190), and a loading and unloading control valve (191) is provided on the loading and unloading pipe (190).

4. A hydrogen storage and release system, characterized in that: It comprises a hydrogen charging unit, a heating flow device (300), a hydrogen discharging unit, a cooling flow device (500), a circulating heating unit, a circulating cooling unit, and a solid-state hydrogen storage and discharging tank (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The hydrogen charging unit is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly (140) through the heating and flow-through device (300), the exhaust pipe (130) is connected to the hydrogen discharge unit through the cooling and flow-through device (500), the circulating heating unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe (130) and the inlet of the heating and flow-through device (300), and the circulating cooling unit is connected between the outlet of the exhaust pipe (130) and the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly (140) through the cooling and flow-through device (500).

5. The hydrogen storage and discharge system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging unit includes an air intake main valve (210) and a boost pump (240), and the hydrogen discharging unit includes an air exhaust main valve (620). The inlet of the main air intake valve (210) is connected to a hydrogen gas source, the outlet of the main air intake valve (210) is connected to the inlet of the boost pump (240), the outlet of the boost pump (240) is connected to the inlet of the heating flow device (300), the outlet of the heating flow device (300) is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply component (140), the outlet of the exhaust pipe (130) is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device (500), the outlet of the cooling flow device (500) is connected to the inlet of the main exhaust valve (620), and the outlet of the main exhaust valve (620) is connected to the hydrogen supply system.

6. The hydrogen storage and discharge system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first control valve (250) is provided between the outlet of the boost pump (240) and the inlet of the heating circulation device (300), a second control valve (410) is provided between the outlet of the exhaust pipe (130) and the inlet of the cooling circulation device (500), a first flow control valve (230) is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve (210) and the inlet of the boost pump (240), a second flow control valve (610) is provided between the outlet of the cooling circulation device (500) and the inlet of the exhaust main valve (620), a first one-way valve (220) is provided between the outlet of the intake main valve (210) and the inlet of the first flow control valve (230), and a second one-way valve (630) is provided between the outlet of the exhaust main valve (620) and the hydrogen supply system.

7. The hydrogen storage and discharge system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outlet of the second control valve (410) is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device (500) through a tee (420). The circulating heating unit comprises a third control valve (710), a fourth control valve (740), a third one-way valve (720) and a circulating pump (730); the outlet of the second control valve (410) is connected to the inlet of the third control valve (710) through the three-way valve (420); the outlet of the third control valve (710) is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve (720); the outlet of the third one-way valve (720) is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump (730); the outlet of the circulating pump (730) is respectively connected to the inlet of the fourth control valve (740) and the circulating cooling unit; the outlet of the fourth control valve (740) is connected to the inlet of the heating flow device (300).

8. The hydrogen storage and discharge system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circulating cooling unit includes a fifth control valve (810) and a fourth one-way valve (820). The inlet of the fifth control valve (810) is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump (730), the outlet of the fifth control valve (810) is connected to the inlet of the cooling flow device (500), the outlet of the cooling flow device (500) is connected to the inlet of the fourth one-way valve (820), and the outlet of the fourth one-way valve (820) is connected to the inlet of the rotary air supply component (140).

9. The hydrogen storage and discharge system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A flow meter (930) is installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe (130) and the inlet of the rotary air supply assembly (140), respectively. A temperature detection device (910) and a pressure detection device (920) are provided at the inlet front end of the heating flow-through device (300), the outlet rear end of the heating flow-through device (300), the outlet rear end of the exhaust pipe (130), the outlet rear end of the cooling flow-through device (500), and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100).

10. A hydrogen storage and discharge method based on the hydrogen storage and discharge system according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage and decomposition method includes a hydrogen storage process, which includes: The hydrogen charging unit passes hydrogen through the heating flow device (300) through the rotating air delivery component (140) and the jet device (150) into the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100); The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe (130) passes through the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device (300), and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotating air supply component (140) and the jet device (150); When the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the hydrogen gas undergoes a hydrogen storage reaction with the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity (120).

11. The hydrogen storage and discharge method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The steps of the hydrogen charging unit passing hydrogen through the heating flow device (300) through the rotating air supply component (140) and the jet device (150) into the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) specifically include: The main air intake valve (210) is connected to a hydrogen gas source, and the main air intake valve (210), the booster pump (240), the first control valve (250) and the heating and flow device (300) are opened. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen gas source passes through the main air intake valve (210), the booster pump (240) and the first control valve (250) and enters the heating and flow device (300) for heating. The heated hydrogen passes through the rotary air delivery component (140) and enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100); The rotary drive device (141) is turned on, and the rotary drive device (141) drives the air inlet pipe to drive the jet blade (152) and the bottom air distribution pipe (145) to rotate, so as to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber (120), so that the solid hydrogen storage material is in a suspended flow state under the action of stirring and hydrogen jet and is fully mixed with the hydrogen for heat exchange; The hydrogen gas after heat exchange with the solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the exhaust pipe (130) after being buffered by the gas buffer and gas-solid separation component (180).

12. The hydrogen storage and discharge method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe (130) passes through the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device (300), and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotating air supply component (140) and the jet device (150). The steps specifically include: The second control valve (410), the third control valve (710), the fourth control valve (740) and the circulation pump (730) are opened to allow the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe (130) to merge with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen source and then enter the heating flow device (300). The heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotating gas delivery component (140).

13. The hydrogen storage and discharge method according to claim 12, characterized in that: After the step of hydrogen gas and the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage cavity (120) undergoing hydrogen storage reaction under the condition where the temperature and pressure reach the hydrogen storage reaction conditions, the method further comprises: The hydrogen storage reaction consumes hydrogen and releases heat, the heating flow device (300) and the fourth control valve (740) are closed, and the fifth control valve (810) and the cooling flow device (500) are opened, so that the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust pipe (130) is cooled by the cooling flow device (500) and then merged with the hydrogen input from the hydrogen source, and the merged hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotating gas delivery component (140); When the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber (120) is in a saturated state, the main air intake valve (210), the boost pump (240), the first control valve (250), the heating flow device (300), the second control valve (410), the third control valve (710), the circulation pump (730), the fourth control valve (740), the fifth control valve (810) and the cooling flow device (500) are closed.

14. The hydrogen storage and discharge method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage and decomposition method further includes a hydrogen decomposition process, which includes: The second control valve (410), the cooling flow device (500), the exhaust main valve (620), the third control valve (710), the circulation pump (730), the fourth control valve (740) and the heating flow device (300) are opened, and a portion of the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) that has not undergone a hydrogen storage reaction enters the cooling flow device (500) through the second control valve (410) and the three-way valve (420), and the cooled hydrogen is discharged from the exhaust main valve (620); The remaining hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) that has not undergone hydrogen storage reaction enters the heating flow device (300) through the second control valve (410), the three-way valve (420), the third control valve (710), the third one-way valve (720), the circulation pump (730) and the fourth control valve (740), and the heated hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotating gas supply component (140); The rotary drive device (141) is turned on, and the rotary drive device (141) drives the air inlet pipe to drive the jet blade (152) and the bottom air distribution pipe (145) to rotate, so as to stir the solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber (120), so that the solid hydrogen storage material is in a suspended flow state under the action of stirring and hydrogen jet and is fully mixed with the hydrogen for heat exchange; When the temperature reaches the hydrogen release reaction conditions, the solid hydride undergoes a hydrogen release reaction, and part of the hydrogen released by the solid hydride is discharged from the hydrogen release unit after being cooled by the cooling flow device (500); the remaining hydrogen released by the solid hydride is input into the solid hydrogen storage and release tank (100) by the rotating gas supply component (140) after being heated by the circulating heating unit and the heating flow device (300) to maintain the temperature required for the hydrogen release reaction.

15. The hydrogen storage and discharge method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage and decomposition method further includes a solid-state hydrogen storage material replacement process, which includes: Connect the main air intake valve (210) to the inert gas source, open the main air intake valve (210), the booster pump (240), the first control valve (250), the rotary drive device (141) and the loading and unloading control valve (191), and the inert gas passes through the main air intake valve (210), the booster pump (240) and the second control valve (410) and then enters the solid-state hydrogen storage tank (100) through the rotary gas delivery assembly (140); The rotary drive device (141) drives the air inlet pipe to drive the jet blade (152) and the bottom air distribution pipe (145) to rotate, so as to stir the old solid hydrogen storage material in the storage chamber (120), so that the old solid hydrogen storage material is discharged from the loading and unloading pipe (190) under the action of stirring and the inert gas jet. After the old solid hydrogen storage material is completely discharged, the main gas valve (210), the booster pump (240), the first control valve (250) and the rotary drive device (141) are closed, and new solid hydrogen storage material is input into the storage chamber (120) through the loading and unloading pipe (190), and the loading and unloading control valve (191) is closed. The main air inlet valve (210) is connected to the hydrogen gas source, and the replacement of hydrogen with inert gas is completed.

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