Targeted precise sampling device, targeted algorithm and time slot sampling method

Abstract

Aiming at the limitation that the noise detection needs to be carried out by using a standard instrument in a standard mute and constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment, a practical technical scheme is provided for carrying out assembly line type quantitative and qualitative detection on parameters such as working noise of a detected object in non-standard mute and constant-temperature and constant-humidity environments such as a manufacturing environment; the same equipment can selectively measure parameters such as rotation speed, swing frequency, vibration frequency, swing amplitude, vibration amplitude and the like. The invention relates to a targeted accurate sampling device, a targeted algorithm and a time slot sampling method, in particular to a device capable of quantitatively measuring parameters such as the rotating speed, the swing / vibration frequency, the swing / vibration amplitude and the working noise of a measured object without a standard mute environment and a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment. The invention also provides a complete method comprising targeted acquisition, a targeted algorithm, a calibration algorithm and a detection method. The whole technical scheme comprises two aspects of a denoising structure on hardware and time slot acquisition on software.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm and a time slot sampling method. More specifically, it relates to a device that can quantitatively measure the rotation speed, swing / vibration frequency, swing / vibration amplitude, working noise and other parameters of a measured object without the need for a standard silent environment and a constant temperature and humidity environment, as well as a complete method including targeted acquisition, a targeted algorithm, a calibration algorithm and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] In engineering technology, detecting the rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, working noise, etc. of the workpiece is a necessary means to inspect work quality, find and discover defects, and statistically measure tolerances in research and development, design, maintenance and other links; in the manufacturing link, it is an important means to ensure the manufacturing process and discover unqualified products.

[0003] In traditional technology, different equipment is needed to detect the above parameters, and this type of testing equipment is all metrological equipment with authoritative test results. More importantly, ① this type of testing equipment mostly needs to work in a standard environment, that is, it is necessary to provide these devices with a quiet environment, anti-vibration environment, and even a constant temperature and humidity environment to ensure the accuracy of the test results, which is difficult to provide in general manufacturing sites; ② this type of testing equipment is often more expensive and requires a higher level of maintenance; ③ due to its professionalism and precision, this type of testing equipment can often only detect one parameter and has a single function.

[0004] In the manufacturing process of products with moving structures that may generate noise, it is necessary to test parameters such as rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, working noise, etc. for each product, and these test results can directly or indirectly reflect whether the parts used in the product are qualified, whether the assembly quality is qualified, etc. However, it is obviously difficult for the production site to provide the above standard working environment. In order to ensure the quality of the products, it is necessary to use full inspection or proportional sampling methods for batch products, transfer the products to a standard working environment, and use the above-mentioned measurement equipment for testing. This will inevitably seriously affect the efficiency of the process, increase the cost of the process, and greatly increase the basic hardware investment of the process.

[0005] The present invention has been found through research that when a product with a moving structure that may generate noise is working, its rotation, swinging, vibration and other actions will cause the product itself to vibrate, thereby causing the surrounding air to vibrate and radiate sound waves outward, and that ① the frequency of the sound wave is positively correlated with the rotation speed and action frequency of the product; ② the amplitude of the sound wave is positively correlated with the action amplitude of the product and the generated working noise. Based on this, it is completely feasible to detect the sound waves generated by the product and thus indirectly obtain parameters such as the rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, working noise, etc. of the product as needed; secondly, by using a targeted sound-guiding structure and a targeted algorithm between sound waves or sound wave electrical signals in multiple directions, multiple orientations, and multiple distances, the environmental noise can be greatly eliminated, making it possible to detect parameters such as the rotation speed, swing / vibration frequency, swing / vibration amplitude, and working noise of products at ordinary manufacturing sites; thirdly, compared with amplitude parameters, frequency parameters are easy to calibrate during the acquisition process and can be used to characterize the noise conditions of the current acquisition environment. During the calibration and detection process, the "reliability" of the acquisition environment at a certain moment can be judged based on the frequency parameters, and then the data of reliable time slots at moments with high signal-to-noise ratio can be selected for adoption. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the above background technology and utilizing the research results of this application in this technical field, the present invention proposes a targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method, to provide a targeted sound pickup device for non-silent environments such as manufacturing sites, a device with a targeted algorithm, a targeted calibration method, and a detection method, so that in a non-silent environment, it is feasible to detect parameters such as the rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, and working noise of the object being measured in a non-contact manner.

[0007] The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0008] The targeted precision sampling device, targeted algorithm, and time slot sampling method disclosed in this application are composed of two parts: hardware and software. They can detect the rotation speed, motion (swing / vibration) frequency, motion (swing / vibration) amplitude, and working noise in a non-contact manner under random environments using acoustic-electric technology. Among them:

[0009] 1) Hardware part - targeted precision sampling device (hereinafter referred to as "targeted device"), including targeted pickup head, signal amplitude setting circuit, signal recognition circuit, central processing unit, human-computer interaction, and necessary power supply.

[0010] The targeted sound pickup head comprises a sound guide, an audio sensitive element and a targeted algorithm circuit.

[0011] There are multiple audio sensitive elements; correspondingly, there are also multiple sound guides, which are installed one by one in front of the sensitive surface of each audio sensitive element, and the axis directions of each sound guide are not parallel, but symmetrically distributed, and the axes of each sound guide intersect at a point behind the audio sensitive element. Among the multiple sound guides, the one in the central position is the signal path sound guide, which is used to point to the object to be tested, and the others are noise path sound guides, which are used to symmetrically deviate from the object to be tested.

[0012] The targeting algorithm circuit is a circuit that uses the output signal of the audio sensor corresponding to each sound conductor as input to execute the targeting algorithm. The targeting algorithm is the following formula: Hereinafter referred to as the “targeted formula”, m is the number of signal path sound guides, n is the number of noise path sound guides, G m K is the proportional coefficient imposed by the targeting algorithm circuit on each signal path. n is the proportional coefficient applied by the targeting algorithm circuit to each noise path.

[0013] The targeted pickup head is the technical core of the hardware part of this application and one of the innovative technologies of the present invention. Its key points are:

[0014] ① The signal path sound conductor points to the object under test, while the noise path sound conductor deviates symmetrically from the direction of the object under test to collect sound waves from the object under test and its surroundings;

[0015] ② The targeting algorithm circuit performs a targeting algorithm on the signal path signal and the noise path signal to obtain a targeting signal. The signal path signal has a higher proportion of the real information of the object under test itself than the noise path signal; while the targeting signal has a higher proportion of the real information of the object under test itself than the signal path signal; that is, the targeting signal filters out more environmental noise and the signal is purer.

[0016] The signal amplitude fixing circuit, which works in conjunction with the targeted pickup head, is a proportional amplifier circuit with a fixed proportional coefficient, or a proportional amplifier circuit with a controllable multi-level proportional coefficient controlled by a central controller, so as to losslessly control the targeted signal within the amplitude range recognizable by the signal recognition circuit.

[0017] The signal identification circuit is a frequency-voltage conversion circuit and an effective value or peak value circuit.

[0018] 2) Software part - time slot sampling method, which is a working method based on the pickup device, including calibration steps and detection steps, wherein:

[0019] The calibration steps include:

[0020] S1. Sampling: Select multiple objects to be tested as samples, use standard instruments, and measure the sound frequency and sound amplitude data of each sample in a silent environment, and record them respectively as standard data for later use. During the measurement process, ensure that the distance and orientation of all samples relative to the standard instrument are consistent, and all samples are placed in the same posture;

[0021] S2. Setting mode: putting the targeting device into calibration working mode;

[0022] S3. Select samples: select samples used in steps S4 and S5;

[0023] S4. Input standard data: input the standard data of the sample selected in step S3 measured in step S1 to the targeting device through the human-computer interaction device;

[0024] S5. Sample positioning: Place the sample in a standard position relative to the targeting device in a standard posture and put it in working state; the standard posture is a unified placement posture adopted by all samples participating in the calibration; the standard position is a unified orientation and distance of all samples participating in the calibration relative to the targeting pickup head of the targeting device; the unified orientation is that the signal path sound guide of the targeting pickup head faces the sample, and the noise path sound guide is symmetrically away from the sample direction;

[0025] S6. Targeted pickup: The targeted pickup head guides the signal path sound waves and the noise path sound waves to each audio sensitive element, obtains each signal path signal and each noise path signal, and obtains the targeted signal through the targeted algorithm circuit;

[0026] S7. Amplitude setting: The signal amplitude setting circuit losslessly controls the target signal within the amplitude range that can be recognized by the signal recognition circuit, obtains the amplitude setting signal, and transmits it to the signal recognition circuit;

[0027] S8. Identification: The signal identification circuit identifies the frequency and amplitude information of the fixed amplitude signal in real time and transmits it to the central processor;

[0028] S9. Capture: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads multiple groups as standby data groups;

[0029] S10. Select the best: select the data group whose frequency data is closest to the standard frequency data and does not exceed the error range in the standby data group as the selected data group; the standard frequency data is the frequency data in the standard data of the current sample input in step S4; the error range is the tolerance range required to ensure the grasping accuracy;

[0030] S11. Data processing: The central processor records the selected data group for standby use and transmits work progress information to the human-computer interaction device;

[0031] S12. Calibration calculation: The central processing unit completes the calibration according to the single-point calibration rule, using the standard data and selected data of the same sample, and obtains and records the calibration parameters; or, according to the single-point calibration rule, replaces the samples one by one, repeats steps S5 to S11, obtains and records the measured data of multiple samples, completes the calibration using the standard data and measured data of multiple samples, and obtains and records the calibration parameters.

[0032] In the calibration link of the software part, the innovation of the present invention is:

[0033] ① The principle of comparison and trust in the data collection process, that is, using the feature that frequency parameters are easier to benchmark than amplitude parameters, the measured frequency parameters are compared with the standard frequency parameters. The moment when the frequency parameters are closest to the standard parameters is the moment when the environmental interference is the weakest. The data collected at this moment is relatively "cleaner" and more usable;

[0034] ② Phase and conditions in trust: Based on the tolerance limitation principle, the optimal collection time is further determined to collect more reliable "clean" data. That is, while selecting the frequency parameters closest to the standard parameters, the measured frequency is trusted to be within the tolerance range of the standard parameters, otherwise it will not be trusted, further ensuring that the data used is the data at the relatively quietest time in the environment.

[0035] The detection steps of the software part in the present invention include:

[0036] T1. Setting mode: put the targeting device into detection working mode;

[0037] T2. Preparation: Place the sample to be tested under the same conditions as S5;

[0038] T3. Detection: Sequential execution and calibration steps S6 to S8;

[0039] T4. Capture data: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads and stores multiple groups;

[0040] T5. Data processing: The central processor selects the data group with the highest frequency data repetition rate from the multiple data groups obtained in step T4 as the valid data group, calculates the practical data in combination with the calibration parameters, and outputs it to the human-computer interaction device;

[0041] T6. Repeat steps T3 to T5 as needed to refresh the practical data output to the human-computer interaction device.

[0042] In the detection link of the software part, the key points and innovations of the present invention are:

[0043] ① Unified conditions: During the detection process, the distance, orientation and placement posture between the object to be detected and the targeting pickup head of the targeting device are completely unified with those in the calibration process, ensuring that the basic conditions of the detection and calibration processes are consistent, which can ensure more accurate detection results.

[0044] ② Optimization of the sampling moment: Taking advantage of the technical feature that the frequency transient probability of the object under test is small, in the process of data collection, the data collected at the moment when the frequency parameters are unstable are discarded, and the moment when the frequency data with the highest repetition and the highest similarity in the collected data group occurs is used as the credible data.

[0045] As a further technical solution, the structure of the targeted sound pickup head can be any of the following two types: ① The audio sensitive elements of the targeted sound pickup head are symmetrically distributed along the horizontal circumference or spherical surface, the sensitive surfaces of each audio sensitive element are facing outward, and the axis lines of each audio sensitive element converge at the center of the plane circle or the center of the sphere; correspondingly, the sound guide of the targeted sound pickup head is a hard tubular structure with openings at both ends, one of which is directly opposite to the audio sensitive element of the targeted sound pickup head, and the axis coincides with the axis of the audio sensitive element; ② The audio sensitive elements of the targeted sound pickup head are installed in parallel on the same plane; correspondingly, the sound guide of the targeted sound pickup head is a hard tubular structure with openings at both ends, one of which is an oblique port facing the audio sensitive element of the targeted sound pickup head, the central axis of each sound guide is explosively distributed, and the extension lines of each central axis converge at a point behind each audio sensitive element.

[0046] The core technology of this solution is to limit the symmetrical distribution of the sound guides of the targeted pickup head, so as to ensure that: the central sound guide points to the object under test, and the remaining sound guides point symmetrically and evenly to the periphery of the object under test, covering the object under test, so that the signal path direction is accurately pointed to the object under test, and each noise path evenly covers the periphery of the object under test, ensuring that the sound wave collection of the object under test is accurate (central) and comprehensive (peripheral), and can provide the targeted algorithm circuit with holographic sound wave information about the object under test and the surrounding environment, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the targeted signal output by the targeted algorithm circuit is higher.

[0047] As a further technical solution, a plurality of sound guides of the targeted pickup head are hard-connected as one.

[0048] The purpose of this scheme is to ensure that the relative positions of multiple sound conductors remain unchanged, thereby ensuring the symmetry of the distribution of multiple sound conductors, which is conducive to ensuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio of the target signal output by the targeting algorithm circuit.

[0049] As a further technical solution, a sensor buffer is provided between the sound conductor and the audio sensitive element. The sensor buffer is made of elastic rubber material and / or sponge-like elastic material to prevent external vibrations from being transmitted to the audio sensitive element through the sound conductor.

[0050] The purpose of this solution is to shield external vibrations and shocks from being transmitted to frequency-sensitive components, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the target signal.

[0051] As a further technical solution, the sound conductor is one of the following structures:

[0052] Method 1: straight cylindrical structure, detachable, the sound guide can be freely removed and installed from the targeted pickup head, and sound guides with different inner diameters can be selected according to the center frequency of the measured audio. The inner diameter of the selected sound guide is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured audio.

[0053] Method 2: A can-shaped structure, one end of which has a built-in sensor buffer and is connected to the audio sensitive element, and the other end of the structure has a circular hole, the diameter of which is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the sound wave being measured.

[0054] This scheme is one of the hardware filtering technologies of the present invention, that is, utilizing the correspondence between the acoustic cavity size (or aperture) of the sound guide and the wavelength of the sound wave to selectively eliminate some sound waves that do not match the sound wave characteristics of the object being measured, thereby playing a role in selecting the sound waves and helping to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the target signal.

[0055] As a further technical solution, the sound conductor is a tubular structure, one end of which has a built-in sensor buffer and is connected to the audio sensitive element, and the other end is provided with a detachable filter plate;

[0056] The filter plate is a single-layer diffraction plate or a multi-layer diffraction plate, and is made of elastic rubber or sponge material;

[0057] The single-layer diffraction plate has a circular through hole in the center, the aperture of which is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the sound wave being measured, and plays a high-pass filtering role for the sound wave in the indicated direction;

[0058] The multi-layer diffraction plate is fixed in one body, each layer is provided with circular through holes, the through holes of each layer are not directly opposite, the interlayer spacing and the diameter of the circular through holes are integer multiples of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured sound wave, and plays a bandpass filtering role for the sound waves in the indicated direction.

[0059] In this solution, another innovative technology of the present invention is disclosed: a detachable filter plate is provided at the sound guide port, the purpose of which is:

[0060] ① By replacing the filter plate with the corresponding aperture, the targeting device can be adapted to the objects with different sound wave frequencies;

[0061] ② Single-layer diffraction plate. According to the diffraction principle, when the wavelength of the sound wave is larger than the aperture of the through hole, its diffraction will be weakened until it is completely stopped. That is, it plays a high-pass filtering role on the collected sound waves, preventing low-frequency sound waves from reaching the targeting algorithm circuit, and can exclude some external noise, so that the targeting algorithm circuit works at a better working point, showing better performance and obtaining more accurate targeting signals;

[0062] ③ Multi-layer diffraction plate, when the sound wave encounters the first layer of diffraction plate, the low-frequency component in the sound wave is blocked and filtered out. Since the through holes on each layer of diffraction plate are not directly opposite, the sound wave diffracted through the first layer of diffraction plate will be blocked by the second layer of diffraction plate, and then refracted. On the diffraction plate made of elastic rubber or sponge material, part of the energy is consumed in the process of impacting the diffraction plate to cause elastic deformation, and part of the energy is offset and consumed when encountering irregular refraction on the rough surface. In this process, the higher the frequency of the sound wave, the higher its loss, and the greater the proportion of its consumption; at the same time, since the interlayer spacing between the diffraction plates is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured sound wave, the sound wave of the object being measured is the preferred frequency band, and can pass through the gap between the diffraction plates to reach the through hole of the second layer of diffraction plate, and diffract again. Still, only the sound wave with a wavelength not greater than the corresponding through hole aperture can complete diffraction and pass through the second layer of diffraction plate. In the meantime, high-frequency sound waves are consumed more in the process of dislocation. By analogy, the multiple diffraction plates act as bandpass filters on the collected sound waves, preferably allowing the sound wave frequency band of the object to be measured to pass through the filter plate, preventing sound waves in other frequency bands from reaching the targeting algorithm circuit, and eliminating external noise with a larger bandwidth, so that the targeting algorithm circuit can operate at a working point that is better than that of a single-layer diffraction plate, showing better performance than a single-layer diffraction plate, and obtaining a more accurate targeting signal.

[0063] As a further technical solution, the targeting device is also provided with a positioning fixture for fixing the object to be tested, so as to ensure that the object to be tested maintains a fixed position and a fixed distance with the targeting pickup head in a fixed posture.

[0064] The positioning fixture comprises a clamp head, a clamp seat and a fixture buffer, and is fixedly connected to the targeting device via the clamp seat;

[0065] The fixture buffer is made of flexible or elastic material and is used to prevent the vibration of the object under test from being transmitted to the targeting pickup head of the targeting device through the positioning fixture during operation. There are multiple groups of fixture buffers, one group is installed on the inner side of the clamp of the positioning fixture, and the other group is installed on the bottom of the clamp seat.

[0066] This solution uses a positioning fixture to ensure that the object to be measured, which is clamped on the positioning fixture, can maintain a completely consistent distance, orientation and posture with the targeting device no matter how it is replaced, thereby ensuring that the placement conditions of the object to be measured are consistent during the calibration and detection process, and can ensure the accuracy of the detection results. At the same time, the setting of the fixture buffer can cut off the transmission path of the object to be measured and external vibration and impact to the targeted pickup head, which is conducive to improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0067] As a further technical solution, the targeted sound pickup head is flexibly fixed on the targeting device to isolate the vibration of the object being measured when it is working.

[0068] This solution cuts off the transmission path of the object under test and external vibration and impact to the targeted pickup head again from the joint between the targeted pickup head and the targeted device, which is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0069] As a further technical solution, in the targeting algorithm circuit, the G in the targeting formula M and K N , are controllable proportional coefficients controlled by the central processing unit, corresponding to,

[0070] The calibration process also includes the following steps between steps S10 and S11:

[0071] S10A. If the data group whose frequency data is closest to the standard frequency data and does not exceed the error range cannot be selected from the standby data group, the central controller adjusts G M and K N Until the selected data group is selected, the central controller will memorize the current G M and K N Numeric value;

[0072] In step S12 of the calibration process, the central processor converts the current G M and K N The values ​​are saved as part of the calibration data.

[0073] Obviously, by repeatedly adjusting G M and K N By comparing the numerical value with the credibility of the target signal, a better proportional coefficient used by the target algorithm can be found, which is helpful to determine a better working point for the target algorithm circuit during calibration and obtain better target data with a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

[0074] As a further technical solution, the targeting device is also provided with an air temperature sensor, and / or an air humidity sensor, and / or an atmospheric pressure sensor electrically connected to the central controller. This sensor detects the surrounding air temperature, and / or air humidity, and / or atmospheric pressure in real time to compensate for the detection results.

[0075] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0076] 1) From the hardware aspect

[0077] 1 Through the targeted pickup head, the sound waves of the object being measured are collected in a targeted manner, the target is accurate, and the information obtained is more accurate;

[0078] 2. The inner diameter, aperture, filter plate and other structures of the sound guide filter the collected sound waves (acoustic filtering), provide a better working point for the targeting algorithm circuit, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the targeting signal;

[0079] 3 Each buffer isolates the propagation path of external shock and vibration, provides a quasi-quiet working environment for the targeting device, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the targeting signal;

[0080] 2) From the software aspect

[0081] 1 Targeting algorithm and G M and K N The numerical control is conducive to determining a better working point for the targeting algorithm circuit during calibration, and obtaining better targeting data with a higher signal-to-noise ratio;

[0082] 2. The principle of using frequency information as the reference for calibration and the principle of "condition and" in the calibration process can find credible moments in the noisy and chaotic on-site environment, and find the unified sampling moment of "calibration-testing" for the subsequent detection process, so that the sampling environment selected for calibration is effective and reproducible;

[0083] 3. The principle of trust in the detection link, which uses the repetition / similarity probability of frequency data as the basis for judging the reliability of information, can find effective, reproducible and trustworthy moments (i.e. sampling environment) used in the calibration link in the noisy and chaotic on-site environment, thereby achieving the capture and use of the reproduced calibration environment in a non-silent and non-standard environment to obtain accurate detection results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0084] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0085] Figure 1 The electrical functional block diagram of the targeted precision sampling device;

[0086] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the calibration process of the time slot adoption method;

[0087] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the detection process of the time slot adoption method;

[0088] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the speed, frequency, amplitude and noise detection device for the silent room;

[0089] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the sound conductor, the sensor buffer, and the audio sensitive element;

[0090] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound conductor component with high-pass filtering function.

[0091] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a double-layer diffraction plate with bandpass filtering function. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0093] Example 1 - Electrical structure and working method of targeted precision sampling device

[0094] See also Figure 1 The targeted precision sampling device (hereinafter referred to as "Example 1 device") is composed of a targeted pickup head, a signal amplitude setting circuit, a signal recognition circuit, a central processing unit, a human-computer interaction device, and necessary power supplies, etc., wherein:

[0095] There are multiple targeted pickup heads, each consisting of a sound conductor, an audio sensitive element, and a targeted algorithm circuit. Each sound conductor is cylindrical and points in different directions, guiding the sound waves in different directions to each audio sensitive element, so as to generate audio electrical signals corresponding to the sound waves in different directions. Among the multiple sound conductors, at least one path (group) points to the object under test, and the other sound conductors deviate from the direction of the object under test. Therefore, among the audio electrical signals output by the multiple audio sensitive elements, in the branch path (signal path) corresponding to the object under test, the component of the audio signal emitted by the object under test is higher, and it also contains the audio signal corresponding to the ambient noise; conversely, in the paths (noise paths) deviating from the object under test, the component of the audio signal emitted by the object under test is lower, and the component of the audio signal corresponding to the ambient noise is higher.

[0096] The multi-channel audio electrical signals are superimposed in different proportions in the targeted algorithm circuit. The core purpose is to use the noise channel signal to offset the environmental noise components contained in the signal channel signal in a certain proportion, so that the targeted signal output by the targeted algorithm circuit retains the information sent by the object under test to the maximum extent, while shielding the environmental noise information. This is the core technology of targeted sound pickup and also one of the core technologies of this embodiment.

[0097] The signal amplitude fixing circuit is responsible for increasing the signal amplitude losslessly by fixed ratio amplification or controllable ratio amplification of the target signal output by the target algorithm circuit. The obtained signal is called a "fixed amplitude signal" for signal recognition circuit recognition. The so-called fixed ratio amplification means that the amplification factor provided by the circuit is fixed; the so-called controllable ratio amplification means that the amplification factor provided by the circuit is controlled by the central processing unit. When targeting a single object to be measured, the amplitude of the sound wave emitted by the object to be measured is within a known range, and fixed ratio amplification can meet the requirements; when targeting an unknown object to be measured, or for a larger amplitude range of the object to be measured, the fixed ratio amplification may not be enough to amplify the signal to an amplitude sufficient for the signal recognition circuit to recognize, or the signal amplitude may be saturated and distorted. Therefore, the controllable ratio amplification technology controls the amplification factor by the central processing unit, so that the amplitude of the amplified signal is within an appropriate range, which will neither cause distortion due to saturation nor cause subsequent circuit recognition errors due to insufficient signal amplitude.

[0098] The signal recognition circuit completes the frequency recognition and amplitude recognition of the fixed amplitude signal. The frequency recognition is a frequency-voltage converter or a timing counter, etc., and its output signal corresponds to the rotation speed, action frequency and other working parameters of the object under test; the amplitude recognition is an effective value circuit or a peak detection circuit, and its output signal corresponds to the action amplitude, working noise and other working parameters of the object under test. At present, many central processing units are equipped with ADC and timing / counter circuits, so the function of the signal recognition circuit can also be directly completed by the central processing unit.

[0099] The central processing unit is responsible for obtaining the frequency and amplitude information carried by the fixed-amplitude signal. This information corresponds to the rotation speed / action frequency and action amplitude / working noise of the object under test. By using these measured parameters and combining them with the calibration parameters, data anchored to the standard can be obtained.

[0100] The human-machine interaction device includes a display device, an operating device, and / or a communication interface, etc., wherein the display device includes but is not limited to a data and status display screen composed of an LED digital tube and an LED indicator light, an LCD screen, an OLED screen, etc.; the operating device includes but is not limited to mechanical buttons, touch buttons, touch screens, etc.; the communication interface includes but is not limited to physical interfaces such as RS232, RS485, IIC, etc., which are wired, and wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth, infrared, and WIFI. The human-machine interaction device is responsible for accepting the user's operating instructions, outputting the test results to the user, and displaying prompts, alarms, status information, etc. The existence of the communication interface can enable the device in Example 1 to be linked with other devices to form a system with a higher degree of automation and intelligence.

[0101] The power supply provides electrical energy for the above devices and circuits and is a necessary resource.

[0102] After the implementation of this embodiment, the rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, working noise and other parameters of the product can be detected in real time at the manufacturing site without the need for expensive standard instruments corresponding to the measured parameters and without the need for detection conditions such as a silent room. At least the measured parameters can be determined by whether they exceed the tolerance range (the quality control of the product does not require a certain parameter of the product to be a single standard value, but allows the parameter to be within a range between a lower limit and an upper limit. Therefore, to determine whether the product is qualified is to determine whether a certain parameter of the product is within the tolerance range, which can reduce the accuracy requirements of the detection device to a certain extent). The above parameters of the product can be judged to be qualified or not, which greatly reduces the investment in the manufacturing site, simplifies the manufacturing process, and has high practicality.

[0103] Since the Example 1 device has relatively low requirements for the operating environment, fluctuations in environmental conditions may have a certain impact on the test results. Practical operations have shown that regular calibration of the Example 1 device can eliminate the impact of environmental conditions, parameter drift, etc., so that the Example 1 device can maintain optimal performance.

[0104] like Figure 2 As shown, the calibration process includes the following steps:

[0105] S1. Sampling: Select multiple objects to be tested as samples, use standard instruments, and measure the sound frequency and sound amplitude data of each sample in a silent environment, and record them respectively as standard data for later use. During the measurement process, ensure that the distance and orientation of all samples relative to the standard instrument are consistent, and all samples are placed in the same posture;

[0106] S2. Setting mode: putting the targeting device into calibration working mode;

[0107] S3. Select samples: select samples used in steps S4 and S5;

[0108] S4. Input standard data: input the standard data of the sample selected in step S3 measured in step S1 to the targeting device through the human-computer interaction device;

[0109] S5. Sample positioning: Place the sample in a standard position relative to the targeting device in a standard posture and put it in working state; the standard posture is a unified placement posture adopted by all samples participating in the calibration; the standard position is a unified orientation and distance of all samples participating in the calibration relative to the targeting pickup head of the targeting device; the unified orientation is that the signal path sound guide of the targeting pickup head faces the sample, and the noise path sound guide is symmetrically away from the sample direction;

[0110] S6. Targeted pickup: The targeted pickup head guides the signal path sound waves and the noise path sound waves to each audio sensitive element, obtains each signal path signal and each noise path signal, and obtains the targeted signal through the targeted algorithm circuit;

[0111] S7. Amplitude setting: The signal amplitude setting circuit losslessly controls the target signal within the amplitude range that can be recognized by the signal recognition circuit, obtains the amplitude setting signal, and transmits it to the signal recognition circuit;

[0112] S8. Identification: The signal identification circuit identifies the frequency and amplitude information of the fixed amplitude signal in real time and transmits it to the central processor;

[0113] S9. Capture: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads multiple groups as standby data groups;

[0114] S10. Select the best: select the data group whose frequency data is closest to the standard frequency data and does not exceed the error range in the standby data group as the selected data group; the standard frequency data is the frequency data in the standard data of the current sample input in step S4; the error range is the tolerance range required to ensure the grasping accuracy;

[0115] S11. Data processing: The central processor records the selected data group for standby use and transmits work progress information to the human-computer interaction device;

[0116] S12. Calibration calculation: The central processing unit completes the calibration according to the single-point calibration rule, using the standard data and selected data of the same sample, and obtains and records the calibration parameters; or, according to the single-point calibration rule, replaces the samples one by one, repeats steps S5 to S11, obtains and records the measured data of multiple samples, completes the calibration using the standard data and measured data of multiple samples, and obtains and records the calibration parameters.

[0117] The above calibration process is divided into two calibration modes: single-point calibration and multi-point calibration, where:

[0118] Single-point calibration: It is a linear calibration method that uses the data obtained by measuring a single sample in a standard instrument and standard environment, and the selected parameters measured in the device in Example 1 and the work site, and takes the ratio between the two as the calibration parameter for preservation and backup.

[0119] Multi-point calibration: It is a multiple curve fitting method, or a multi-segment straight line fitting method, or a multi-segment curve fitting method, which uses multiple sets of data measured by multiple samples in a standard instrument and a standard environment, and the corresponding multiple sets of selected parameters measured in the device of Example 1 and the working site, and calculates the calibration parameters according to the multiple curve fitting algorithm, or the multi-segment straight line fitting algorithm, or the multi-segment curve fitting algorithm, and saves them for future use.

[0120] The key operations of the calibration process are:

[0121] ① In step S1, the detection of samples, especially the detection of multiple samples in multi-point calibration, needs to ensure that the samples and the standard instrument are in the same direction, distance and posture. The purpose is to make all samples measure standard data under the same conditions and eliminate the conditional errors in the detection data between different samples caused by direction, distance, working posture, etc.;

[0122] ② In step S5, when different samples are tested by the device in Example 1, it is also necessary to ensure that the samples are in the same direction, distance and posture with the device in Example 1. The purpose is to measure data for all samples under uniform conditions and eliminate conditional errors in the test data between different samples caused by directions, distances, working postures, etc.;

[0123] ③ Since white noise in a noisy environment will not affect the extraction of frequency parameters, what interferes with the extraction of frequency parameters is the sudden and paroxysmal noise in the environmental noise. This interference is manifested in the frequency parameters as a sudden change in the frequency value; at the same time, compared with the amplitude parameter, the frequency parameter is easier to be extracted in a noisy environment and is digitized. Therefore, by observing the stability of the instantaneous value of the frequency signal in real time, the data group at the moment when the frequency signal suddenly changes is discarded, and only the data in the stable frequency value time period is selected. In this way, credible "quiet" moments can be found in a noisy environment, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection data (hereinafter referred to as "key idea 1"), which is the second key technology of this application.

[0124] Example 1: When the device is testing the product at the work site, Figure 3 The process is performed, that is, comprising the following steps:

[0125] T1. Setting mode: put the targeting device into detection working mode;

[0126] T2. Preparation: Place the sample to be tested under the same conditions as S5;

[0127] T3. Detection: Sequential execution and calibration steps S6 to S8;

[0128] T4. Capture data: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads and stores multiple groups;

[0129] T5. Data processing: The central processor selects the data group with the highest probability of frequency data appearing from the multiple data groups obtained in step T4 as the valid data group, calculates the practical data in combination with the calibration parameters, and outputs it to the human-computer interaction device;

[0130] T6. Repeat steps T3 to T5 as needed to refresh the practical data output to the human-computer interaction device.

[0131] Similarly, the key operations of the detection process are:

[0132] ① In step T2, the product under test is placed in the same conditions as those in the calibration process, that is, each time the product is tested, it is necessary to ensure that the product under test is in the same direction, distance and posture as the device in Example 1. The purpose is to make all the products under test get the data under the same conditions, and eliminate the conditional errors in the test data between different products under test caused by the direction, distance, working posture and other reasons;

[0133] ② In step T5, the key idea 1 is also used as the guiding ideology, and the frequency data is used as the measurement benchmark. Since sudden interference is generally not highly repeatable and short-lasting, it is manifested as data with a low probability of occurrence in multiple sets of frequency data. Therefore, in the detection process, by selecting the data group with the highest probability of occurrence of frequency data, the data group contaminated by interference can be discarded, which can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection data in a noisy environment. This is the third key technology of this application.

[0134] Example 2 - Speed, frequency, amplitude and noise detection device for non-silent room (hereinafter referred to as "Example 2 device")

[0135] like Figure 4 As shown, the device 1 of Example 2 is composed of a targeted pickup head 11, a buffer pad 12, a host 13, a fixing fixture 14, a connecting frame 15, etc., wherein:

[0136] like Figure 5, the targeted pickup head 11 is composed of a sound guide component, three sensor buffers 112, three audio sensitive elements 113, a circuit board 114, etc. The corresponding sound guide component is composed of three sound conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and a connecting seat 111d that fixes the three sound conductors together. The three sound conductors 111a, 111b, and 111c are all cylindrical structures and are arranged non-parallel. The outer end of the sound conductor 111a points to the object to be tested, and the outer ends of the sound conductors 111b and 111c deviate from the direction of the object to be tested; the inner ends of the three sound conductors are all embedded with sensor buffers 112, and then each is connected to an audio sensitive element 113; the three audio sensitive elements 113 are all electrically connected to the circuit board 114, responsible for converting the sound waves guided by the corresponding sound conductors 111a, 111b, and 111c into electrical signals, and transmitting them to the circuit board 114. The circuit board is also provided with a targeting algorithm circuit, a signal amplitude circuit, a connecting wire, etc., which are not drawn. The three sensor buffers 112 are all made of elastic rubber or sponge material, and are all installed between the sound conductor and the audio sensitive element 113. On the one hand, the sound conductor and the audio sensitive element 113 are sealed to block the sound waves from the back of the sensitive element 113 from reaching the sensitive surface of the audio sensitive element 113 along the side of the sensitive element 113, and on the other hand, the vibration from the sound conductor itself is prevented from being rigidly transmitted to the audio sensitive element 113. This design ensures that each audio sensitive element 113 receives only the sound waves from the inner cavity of the sound conductor and the front direction, and excludes the sound waves from other directions and the vibration that may be transmitted by the sound conductor.

[0137] The buffer pad 12 is an elastic rubber ring or made of an elastic sponge material, installed between the targeted pickup head 11 and the host 13, so that the targeted pickup head 11 and the host 13 are flexibly connected to prevent the vibration and noise from the host 13 from being transmitted to the targeted pickup head 11. This design isolates the vibration and noise from the host from being rigidly transmitted to the targeted pickup head 11, and further allows each audio sensitive element 113 to be quietly protected from external noise and vibration.

[0138] The host 13 is provided with a human-machine interaction device 132 consisting of buttons and a display screen, and is internally provided with a main control board (not shown), a power supply (not shown), etc. The main control board is provided with a signal recognition circuit (not shown), a central processing unit (not shown), etc. A docking buckle 131 is provided above the host 13 for positioning the buffer pad 12 between the host 13 and the targeted pickup head 11. At the same time, the docking buckle 131 is provided with a wire hole, and the connecting wire (not shown) between the host 13 and the targeted pickup head 11 passes through it.

[0139] An L-shaped connecting frame 15 is fixed to the side of the main unit 13, and a fixing clamp 14 is fixed above the connecting frame 15. The fixing clamp 14 is a claw-shaped structure, which is used to position and fix the object to be measured. A clamp buffer 141 made of elastic rubber is fixed on the inner side of the fixing clamp 144 to prevent the vibration of the object to be measured from being rigidly transmitted to the connecting frame 15, and then transmitted to the targeted pickup head 11 through the main unit; at the same time, a foot pad 151 made of elastic rubber is also fixed below the connecting frame 15.

[0140] In this embodiment, multiple (groups) of buffers made of elastic rubber or sponge prevent external vibrations, vibrations of the object under test, etc. from being rigidly transmitted to the audio sensitive elements 113 in the targeted pickup head 11 through different channels. At the same time, among the sound guides 111a, 111b, and 111c, the central sound guide 111b points to the object under test, and the other two sound guides point to the direction away from the object under test at the same angle. When working, compared with the other two sound guides, the sound waves emitted by the object under test occupy a larger proportion in the sound waves directed to the corresponding audio sensitive element 113 by the central sound guide 111b, and the corresponding audio sensitive element 113 outputs a signal path electrical signal; while the sound waves directed to the corresponding audio sensitive element 113 by the other two sound guides occupy a larger proportion in the environmental noise, and the corresponding two audio sensitive elements 113 output noise path electrical signals. The targeted algorithm circuit superimposes one signal path electrical signal with two noise path electrical signals according to the following rules to obtain an output signal:

[0141] Among them: G, K 1 , K 2 All are proportional coefficients.

[0142] From the above discussion, it can be seen that the output signal eliminates the environmental noise in a canceling manner, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured parameters. After passing through the signal amplitude setting circuit and the signal recognition circuit, measured data information with a very high signal-to-noise ratio (including frequency information and amplitude information) can be obtained. These measured data information are positively correlated with the rotation speed, swing / vibration frequency, swing / vibration amplitude, working noise, etc. of the object being measured - this is the targeted sound pickup technology described in this application.

[0143] Referring to the calibration steps and detection steps in Example 1, after the device 1 of Example 2 is calibrated, the calibration parameters are used to correct the measured data information to obtain practical data such as the rotation speed, swing / vibration frequency, swing / vibration amplitude, working noise, etc. of the object being measured.

[0144] After the implementation of this embodiment, ① without the need for a silent room and a constant temperature and humidity environment, and without the need for expensive, professional standard instruments, the device in Example 2 can extract a signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio in a noisy manufacturing site through targeted extraction of acoustic wave signals and signal path and noise path signal superposition technology, thereby completing the parameter detection of the object to be tested; ② breaking through the limitation that professional standard instruments can usually only detect one parameter per machine, and can detect multiple parameters at the same time. It greatly reduces the hardware investment at the manufacturing site, simplifies the manufacturing process, improves production efficiency, and has high practical value.

[0145] Example 3 - Sound conductor assembly with high-pass filtering function

[0146] like Figure 6 As shown, the sound conductor assembly 111 with high-pass filtering function includes three non-parallel arranged sound conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, a connecting seat 111d, and a single-layer diffraction plate 111f. Among them:

[0147] The sound guide 111b is used to point to the object to be tested and is a signal path sound guide;

[0148] The sound guides 111a and 111c are used to be symmetrically deviated from the object to be tested and are noise path sound guides;

[0149] The axes of the three sound guides 111a, 111b, and 111c converge at one point in the direction of the audio sensor (inward), and an opening 111e is provided at one end facing outward;

[0150] The connection base 111d fixedly connects the three sound conductors 111a, 111b, and 111c into one body, so that the relative directions and relative positions of the three sound conductors remain unchanged;

[0151] The single-layer diffraction plate 111f is made of elastic rubber or sponge material, and its plane surface has many concave and convex (not shown), an annular structure, and a circular through hole 111h is provided at the central position, and the aperture is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the audio frequency to be measured;

[0152] The three single-layer diffraction plates 111f are assembled one-to-one into the openings 111e at the outward ends of the three sound guides, and can be freely replaced by the user according to the frequency of the detected sound waves.

[0153] In this embodiment, in addition to extracting the sound wave signal in a targeted manner (see Example 2), the single-layer diffraction plate 111f can prevent the sound waves with a wavelength greater than the aperture of the through hole 111h from entering each sound guide due to the presence of the through hole 111h, so as to be received by the audio sensitive element, while the sound waves with a wavelength not greater than the aperture of the through hole 111h can pass through the through hole 111h in a diffraction manner and finally be received by the audio sensitive element. At the same time, the plane surface of the single-layer diffraction plate 111f has many concave and convex surfaces, which can absorb and buffer the sound waves that cannot pass through the through hole 111h, thereby playing a role in noise reduction.

[0154] In summary, in this embodiment, the single-layer diffraction plate 111f plays a role of high-pass filtering for the sound waves transmitted from the directions indicated by the sound guides. The filtering of low-frequency sound waves reduces the burden on the audio sensitive components, allowing them to work under better working conditions, which is conducive to more lossless response to the target audio and improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0155] After the implementation of this embodiment, ① the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal is improved; ② because the single-layer diffraction plate 111f can be freely replaced, the device in Example 1 and the device in Example 2 can be used for sound wave detection in a wider frequency range after use, which greatly expands the application occasions.

[0156] Example 4 - Double-layer diffraction plate with bandpass filtering function

[0157] like Figure 7 As shown, the double-layer diffraction plate 111k is made of rubber or sponge material with a rough surface, and is fixed as a whole by two layers of diffraction plates 111k1 and 111k2 through a connecting column 111k3. The first diffraction plate 111k1 is provided with a first through hole 111k4, which is circular, and the second diffraction plate 111k2 is provided with a second through hole 111k5, which is also circular. The first through hole 111k4 and the second through hole 111k5 are not directly opposite to each other, and their inner diameters are both integer multiples of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured audio frequency. The spacing between the two layers of diffraction plates 111k1 and 111k2 is not less than the wavelength of the measured audio frequency.

[0158] In combination with Example 3, a double-layer diffraction plate 111k is installed at the front end of each sound conductor. Among the collected sound waves, low-frequency sound waves with a wavelength greater than the inner diameter of the first through hole 111k4 will not be able to successfully pass through the diffraction and pass through the first diffraction plate 111k1. Therefore, the first diffraction plate 111k1 implements a high-pass filtering on the sound waves, that is, the low-frequency sound waves with a wavelength greater than the inner diameter of the first through hole 111k4 are filtered out, and the high-frequency sound waves with a wavelength not greater than the inner diameter of the first through hole 111k4 (hereinafter referred to as "pass waves") enter the space between the first diffraction plate 111k1 and the second diffraction plate 111k2;

[0159] Since the first through hole 111k4 and the second through hole 111k5 are not directly opposite, the passing wave cannot be diffracted for the second time along a straight line, and can only be refracted through the surface of the diffraction plate. Since the surface of the diffraction plate is not smooth and the energy is lost in the refraction process, the high-frequency sound wave energy is more easily absorbed and attenuated during the refraction process. After the passing wave is refracted and reaches the second through hole 111k5 through the first through hole 111k4, the high-frequency component thereof is attenuated. The greater the offset distance between the two through holes 111k4 and 111k5, the more obvious the attenuation is, and the larger the attenuated bandwidth is. Therefore, after the passing wave is diffracted again through the second through hole 111k5, the high and low frequencies are filtered out in the sound waves reaching the audio sensitive element, achieving the effect of bandpass filtering.

[0160] Compared with Example 3, the bandpass filtering effect of the double-layer diffraction plate makes the sound waves reaching the audio sensitive element more "pure", the operating point of the audio sensitive element and its subsequent targeting algorithm circuit is more accurate, and it is more conducive to obtaining a targeting signal with a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

[0161] In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "targeting", "filtering", "connection" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and they can be internally connected between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0162] The structure can refer to Example 4. More layers of diffraction plates can be designed as needed to obtain better bandpass filtering effects. This will lead to the loss of sound wave energy, which needs to be selected according to actual needs. For example, more layers of diffraction plates can be used in a strong noise environment.

[0163] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method. Its characteristics are: The targeted precision sampling device (hereinafter referred to as the "targeting device") is a device that uses acoustic-electric technology to non-contactly detect rotation speed, movement frequency, movement amplitude, and working noise in a random environment. The targeted device includes a targeted pickup head, a signal amplitude setting circuit, a signal recognition circuit, a central processing unit, a human-computer interaction, and a necessary power supply; The targeted pickup head includes a sound guide, an audio sensitive element and a targeting algorithm circuit; there are multiple audio sensitive elements; correspondingly, there are also multiple sound guides, which are installed one by one in front of the sensitive surface of each audio sensitive element, and the axial directions of each sound guide are not parallel, but symmetrically distributed, and the axes of each sound guide intersect at one point behind the audio sensitive element. The one in the central position is a signal path sound guide, which is used to point to the object to be tested, and the others are noise path sound guides, which are used to symmetrically deviate from the object to be tested; the targeting algorithm circuit is a circuit that uses the output signal of the audio sensitive element corresponding to each sound guide as input to execute the targeting algorithm, and the targeting algorithm is the following formula: Hereinafter referred to as the "targeted formula", m is the number of signal path sound guides, n is the number of noise path sound guides, G m K is the proportional coefficient imposed by the targeting algorithm circuit on each signal path. n is the proportional coefficient imposed by the targeted algorithm circuit on each noise path; The signal amplitude fixing circuit is a proportional amplification circuit with a fixed proportional coefficient, or a proportional amplification circuit with a controllable multi-level proportional coefficient controlled by a central controller, which is used to losslessly control the target signal within the amplitude range recognizable by the signal recognition circuit; The signal recognition circuit is a frequency-voltage conversion circuit and an effective value circuit; The time slot adopting method is a working method based on the picking device, including the following calibration steps and detection steps: The calibration step comprises: S1. Sampling: Select multiple objects to be tested as samples, use standard instruments, and measure the sound frequency and sound amplitude data of each sample in a silent environment, and record them respectively as standard data for later use. During the measurement process, ensure that the distance and orientation of all samples relative to the standard instrument are consistent, and all samples are placed in the same posture; S2. Setting mode: putting the targeting device into calibration working mode; S3. Select samples: select samples used in steps S4 and S5; S4. Input standard data: input the standard data of the sample selected in step S3 measured in step S1 to the targeting device through the human-computer interaction device; S5. Sample positioning: Place the sample in a standard position relative to the targeting device in a standard posture and put it in working state; the standard posture is a unified placement posture adopted by all samples participating in the calibration; the standard position is a unified orientation and distance of all samples participating in the calibration relative to the targeting pickup head of the targeting device; the unified orientation is that the signal path sound guide of the targeting pickup head faces the sample, and the noise path sound guide is symmetrically away from the sample direction; S6. Targeted pickup: The targeted pickup head guides the signal path sound waves and the noise path sound waves to each audio sensitive element, obtains each signal path signal and each noise path signal, and obtains the targeted signal through the targeted algorithm circuit; S7. Amplitude setting: The signal amplitude setting circuit losslessly controls the target signal within the amplitude range that can be recognized by the signal recognition circuit, obtains the amplitude setting signal, and transmits it to the signal recognition circuit; S8. Identification: The signal identification circuit identifies the frequency and amplitude information of the fixed amplitude signal in real time and transmits it to the central processor; S9. Capture: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads multiple groups as standby data groups; S10. Select the best: select the data group whose frequency data is closest to the standard frequency data and does not exceed the error range in the standby data group as the selected data group; the standard frequency data is the frequency data in the standard data of the current sample input in step S4; the error range is the tolerance range required to ensure the grasping accuracy; S11. Data processing: The central processor records the selected data group for standby use and transmits work progress information to the human-computer interaction device; S12. Calibration calculation: The central processing unit completes the calibration according to the single-point calibration rule, using the standard data and selected data of the same sample, and obtains and records the calibration parameters; or, according to the single-point calibration rule, replaces the samples one by one, repeats steps S5 to S11, obtains and records the measured data of multiple samples, and completes the calibration using the standard data and measured data of multiple samples, and obtains and records the calibration parameters; The detection step comprises: T1. Setting mode: put the targeting device into detection working mode; T2. Preparation: Place the sample to be tested under the same conditions as S5; T3. Detection: Execute steps S6 to S8 of the calibration steps in sequence; T4. Capture data: The central processing unit simultaneously locks the frequency and amplitude information sent by the signal recognition circuit, temporarily stores the frequency and amplitude information read each time as a group, and repeatedly reads and stores multiple groups; T5. Data processing: The central processor selects the data group with the highest frequency data repetition rate from the multiple data groups obtained in step T4 as the valid data group, calculates the practical data in combination with the calibration parameters, and outputs it to the human-computer interaction device; T6. Repeat steps T3 to T5 as needed to refresh the practical data output to the human-computer interaction device.

2. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: The audio sensitive elements of the targeted sound pickup head are symmetrically distributed along a horizontal circle or a spherical surface, the sensitive surfaces of the audio sensitive elements face outward, and the axis lines of the audio sensitive elements converge at the center of the plane circle or the center of the sphere; correspondingly, the sound guide of the targeted sound pickup head is a hard tubular structure with openings at both ends, one of which is directly opposite to the audio sensitive element of the targeted sound pickup head, and the axis coincides with the axis of the audio sensitive element; or The audio sensitive elements of the targeted sound pickup head are installed in parallel on the same plane; correspondingly, the sound guide of the targeted sound pickup head is a hard tubular structure with openings at both ends, wherein one port of the noise path sound guide is an oblique opening, facing the audio sensitive elements of the targeted sound pickup head, and the central axes of the sound guides are explosively distributed, and the extension lines of the central axes converge at a point behind each audio sensitive element.

3. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 2, Its characteristics are: The multiple sound conductors are rigidly connected as a whole.

4. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: A sensor buffer is provided between the sound conductor and the audio sensitive element. The sensor buffer is made of elastic rubber material and / or sponge-like elastic material and is used to prevent external vibration from being transmitted to the audio sensitive element through the sound conductor.

5. According to the targeted precision sampling device, targeted algorithm and time slot sampling method described in claims 1 to 4, Its characteristics are: The sound conductor is one of the following structures: Mode 1: straight cylindrical structure, detachable, the sound guide can be freely removed from and installed on the targeted pickup head, and sound guides with different inner diameters can be selected according to the center frequency of the measured audio. The inner diameter of the selected sound guide is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured audio. Method 2: A can-shaped structure, one end of which has a built-in sensor buffer and is connected to the audio sensitive element, and the other end of the structure has a circular hole, the diameter of which is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the sound wave being measured.

6. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claims 1 and 4, Its characteristics are: The sound conductor is a tubular structure, one end of which has a built-in sensor buffer and is connected to the audio sensitive element, and the other end is provided with a detachable filter plate; The filter plate is a single-layer diffraction plate or a multi-layer diffraction plate, and is made of elastic rubber or sponge material; The single-layer diffraction plate has a circular through hole in the center, and the aperture is an integer multiple of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured sound wave, which plays a high-pass filtering role for the sound wave in the indicated direction; The multi-layer diffraction plate is fixed in one body, each layer is provided with circular through holes, the through holes of each layer are not directly opposite, the interlayer spacing and the diameter of the circular through holes are integer multiples of the wavelength or half wavelength of the measured sound wave, and plays a bandpass filtering role for the sound waves in the indicated direction.

7. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: The targeting device is also provided with a positioning fixture for fixing the object to be tested, so as to ensure that the object to be tested maintains a fixed position and a fixed distance with the targeting pickup head in a fixed posture, and the positioning fixture comprises a clamp, a clamp seat and a clamp buffer, and is fixedly connected to the targeting device through the clamp seat; The fixture buffer is made of flexible or elastic material and is used to prevent the vibration of the object under test from being transmitted to the targeting pickup head of the targeting device through the positioning fixture during operation. There are multiple groups of fixture buffers, one group is installed on the inner side of the clamp of the positioning fixture, and the other group is installed on the bottom of the clamp seat.

8. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: The targeted sound pickup head is flexibly fixed on the targeted device to isolate the vibration of the object to be measured when it is working.

9. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: The G M and K N , are controllable proportional coefficients controlled by the central processing unit, corresponding to, The calibration process further includes the following steps between steps S10 and S11: S10A. If the data group whose frequency data is closest to the standard frequency data and does not exceed the error range cannot be selected from the standby data group, the central controller adjusts G M and K N Until the selected data group is selected, the central controller will memorize the current G M and K N Numeric value; In step S12 of the calibration process, the central processor converts the current G M and K N The values ​​are saved as part of the calibration data.

10. A targeted precision sampling device, a targeted algorithm, and a time slot sampling method according to claim 1, Its characteristics are: The targeting device is also provided with an air temperature sensor, and / or an air humidity sensor, and / or an atmospheric pressure sensor electrically connected to the central controller. The sensor detects the surrounding air temperature, and / or air humidity, and / or atmospheric pressure in real time to compensate for the detection results.

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