Rotary machinery rub-impact monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a rub-impact monitoring device for a rotating machine. The rub-impact monitoring device comprises a rotor mechanism and a stator mechanism arranged on the outer side of the rotor mechanism in a sleeving mode. The rotor mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a non-metal layer arranged on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft; the stator mechanism comprises a shell and a metal layer arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the metal layer is electrically connected with an external electric signal measuring instrument; a gap is formed between the metal layer and the non-metal layer, and the rotating shaft and the rotating machine rotor are connected and coaxially arranged; the shell and the rotating machinery stator are coaxially arranged; the rotor drives the rotating shaft to rotate inside the housing and the metal layer. According to the monitoring device, the non-metal layer and the metal layer fixed on the rotating shaft rub against each other to generate an electric signal, the rub-impact state of the monitored rotating machine is reflected according to the electric signal, and an external power supply is not needed; vibration and spatial position changes of the rotating shaft are converted into electric signals, interference factors of the electric signals generated through contact friction are few, and the motion states of the rotating shaft and the rotating machine rotor can be visually and accurately reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rotating machinery rubbing monitoring, and in particular to a rotating machinery rubbing monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Misalignment failure of the rotor system is one of the common failures in rotating machinery, accounting for more than 60% of its total failures, and is the main cause of failure of rotating machinery systems. The machining errors and installation errors of the components of the rotor system, as well as the thermal expansion, support deformation, and mechanical impact during operation, can easily cause misalignment failures in the rotor system, which in turn leads to increased vibration of the equipment, oil film instability, severe bearing wear, coupling deflection, and shaft bending deformation, etc., affecting the safe and stable operation of rotating machinery equipment. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the friction state of the rotating machinery rotor system, timely and accurately understand the changes in the friction state of the shaft, and perform equipment inspection and maintenance to reduce the harm of misalignment failures.

[0003] At present, vibration sensors are mainly used to monitor the friction state of rotating machinery. These vibration sensors are mainly powered by batteries, but there are many problems with battery power supply in practical applications: on the one hand, the limited life of batteries poses a huge challenge to the replacement or charging of batteries in widely distributed and huge sensor network nodes; on the other hand, chemical batteries are not only difficult to withstand harsh environments such as extreme high temperature and extreme cold, but also waste batteries are not only difficult to recycle, but the leaked heavy metals will also pollute the environment. In addition, the vibration characteristic signals generated by the change of the friction state of rotating machinery are often buried in the background noise, the vibration characteristics are difficult to obtain, and the state changes caused by friction are not easy to be identified. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rotating machinery friction monitoring device to solve the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A rotating machinery friction monitoring device comprises a rotor mechanism and a stator mechanism sleeved outside the rotor mechanism and coaxially arranged therewith;

[0007] The rotor mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a non-metallic layer arranged on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft;

[0008] The stator mechanism comprises a shell and a metal layer arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the metal layer is electrically connected to an external electrical signal measuring instrument;

[0009] A gap is provided between the metal layer and the non-metal layer, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the rotor of the rotating machinery, and the rotating shaft and the rotor are coaxially arranged; the outer shell is coaxially arranged with the stator of the rotating machinery; the rotor drives the rotating shaft to rotate inside the outer shell and the metal layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the metal layer includes a plurality of rectangular metal bars, which are evenly spaced circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell, and each of the rectangular metal bars extends along the axial direction of the outer shell; the vertical distance from each rectangular metal bar to the metal layer on the rotating shaft inside it is equal; and the rectangular metal bars are connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument through wires.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of grooves having a shape adapted to the shape of the rectangular metal bar are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the shell along its circumferential direction, the depth of the grooves is not greater than the thickness of the rectangular metal bar, and the rectangular metal bar is installed in the grooves.

[0012] Furthermore, the non-metallic layer includes two semi-cylindrical structures of the same size, and both of the semi-cylindrical structures can be detachably mounted on the shaft wall, and the inner walls of the semi-cylindrical structures abut against the shaft wall.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a bracket, and the shell is detachably mounted on the bracket.

[0014] Further, the housing comprises two half-shell structures arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft, the half-shell structures comprising a circular area and connecting areas extending from both ends of the circular area to both sides respectively; the circular areas of the two half-shell structures are arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft, and the inner walls of the two circular areas form a complete circumferential surface; the grooves are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface;

[0015] The connection area is provided with threaded holes, and fixing bolts pass through the threaded holes on the two connection areas in sequence to fix the two half-shell structures on the bracket.

[0016] Furthermore, the material of the non-metallic layer is selected from one of polyurethane, fluororubber, natural rubber, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene or a composite material thereof.

[0017] Furthermore, the material of the metal layer is selected from one of copper, aluminum, silver and zinc.

[0018] Furthermore, the housing is provided with a plurality of wire channels, each wire is respectively arranged in one of the wire channels, and one end of one of the wires is connected to one of the rectangular metal bars, and the other end is connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a base, and the bracket is fixed on the base.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] A rotating machinery friction monitoring device disclosed in the present invention generates an electrical signal through the friction between a non-metallic layer fixed on a rotating shaft and a metal layer, and reflects the friction state of the monitored rotating machinery according to the electrical signal, thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply. The present invention converts the vibration and spatial position change of the rotating shaft into an electrical signal. The electrical signal generated by contact friction has fewer interference factors and can intuitively and accurately reflect the motion state of the rotating shaft and the rotor of the rotating machinery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rotating machinery friction monitoring device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the stator mechanism and rotor mechanism of a rotating machinery friction monitoring device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 (including bracket);

[0025] Figure 3 The structure diagram of the stator mechanism and rotor mechanism of a rotating machinery friction monitoring device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 (excluding shaft);

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a half-shell structure of a rotating machinery friction monitoring device housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1. Rotating shaft; 2. Non-metallic layer; 3. Outer shell; 31. Half-shell structure; 311. Circular area; 312. Connecting area; 32. Groove; 4. Metal layer; 5. Bracket; 6. Base; 7. Bearing seat; 8. Bearing; 9. Wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1-2 The present embodiment shows a rotating machinery friction monitoring device, which includes a rotor mechanism and a stator mechanism which is sleeved outside the rotor mechanism and is coaxially arranged therewith.

[0031] The rotor mechanism comprises a rotating shaft 1 and a non-metallic layer 2 arranged on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft 1;

[0032] The stator mechanism comprises a shell 3 and a metal layer 4 arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3, and the metal layer 4 is electrically connected to an external electrical signal measuring instrument;

[0033] A gap is provided between the metal layer 4 and the non-metal layer 2 , one end of the rotating shaft 1 is connected to the rotor of the rotating machine, and the rotating shaft 1 is coaxially arranged with the rotor; the outer shell is coaxially arranged with the stator of the rotating machine; the rotor drives the rotating shaft 1 to rotate inside the outer shell 3 and the metal layer 4 .

[0034] The electrical signal measuring instrument can adopt special measuring instruments such as electrometer, oscilloscope, high impedance data acquisition card, etc. The metal layer is connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument through a wire. When the rotating machinery operates normally, the non-metallic layer and the metal layer will not rub against each other. When the rotating shaft is offset, the non-metallic layer will contact and rub against the metal layer after the offset. According to the principle of friction electrification, the charge begins to transfer. Due to the different polarities of friction electrodes, electrons flow from the metal layer into the surface of the non-metallic layer. The metal layer generates an electrical signal and transmits it to the electrical signal measuring instrument through a wire. By observing the electrical signals generated at each position connected to the rectangular metal bars at different positions, the friction between the non-metallic layer and the metal layer can be judged, and then the friction state of the rotating machinery can be judged.

[0035] The present invention discloses a rotating machinery friction monitoring device, which generates an electrical signal by causing a non-metal layer fixed on a rotating shaft to rub against a metal layer, and reflects the friction state of the monitored rotating machinery according to the electrical signal, thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply; the present invention converts the vibration and spatial position change of the rotating shaft into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal generated by contact friction has fewer interference factors, and can intuitively and accurately reflect the motion state of the rotating shaft and the rotor of the rotating machinery. The device has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, easy to disassemble, and has a low cost. At the same time, it reflects the friction state of the rotating machinery shaft in a timely and accurate manner, and is very convenient as a monitoring sensor for the shaft system.

[0036] The triboelectric charging used in this device has high sensitivity. An electrical signal will be generated as soon as the metal layer and the non-metal layer come into contact. Potential faults can be discovered early and preventive measures can be taken, thereby improving the service life of the rotating machinery. At the same time, triboelectric charging can generate a sufficiently large potential difference between the metal layer and the non-metal layer, and the metal layer and the non-metal layer are connected to a remote transmitter. The potential difference generated by the two can provide energy for the remote transmitter, allowing the electronic components inside it to work, thereby realizing remote transmission of the electrical signals generated during friction, and at the same time, remote monitoring of the friction state of the rotor system of the rotating machinery can be realized.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the metal layer 4 includes a plurality of rectangular metal bars, which are evenly spaced circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell 3, and each of the rectangular metal bars extends along the axial direction of the outer shell 3; the vertical distance from each of the rectangular metal bars to the metal layer 4 on the rotating shaft 1 on its inner side is equal; and the rectangular metal bars are connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument through wires. The rectangular metal bars are evenly spaced circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3, so that when the rotating shaft and the non-metallic layer thereon rub against the rectangular metal bars at different positions, the rectangular metal bars at different positions transmit electrical signals to the electrical signal measuring instrument through the wires connected thereto, thereby judging the position where the rubbing of the rotating machinery rotor system occurs, and judging the degree of rubbing by the strength of the electrical signal, thereby realizing rubbing monitoring of the rotating machinery; the vertical distance from each of the rectangular metal bars to the metal layer 4 is set to be equal, that is, to ensure that the metal layer is evenly arranged on the outer ring of the non-metallic layer, thereby ensuring the accuracy of measuring the degree of rubbing between the non-metallic layer and the metal layer on the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft deviates (rubbing occurs) as the rotating machinery rotor system rotates.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, a plurality of grooves 32 having a shape adapted to the shape of the rectangular metal bar are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shell 3, and the depth of the grooves 32 is not greater than the thickness of the rectangular metal bar. The rectangular metal bar is installed in the grooves 32 to ensure that when the shaft 1 rotates with the shaft to be measured, after the shaft to be measured is offset, the non-metallic layer 2 on the shaft 1 can contact the outer side of the rectangular metal bar in the shell 3, thereby realizing the monitoring of the friction of the rotating machinery; the number of grooves is equal to the number of rectangular metal bars, and one rectangular metal bar is embedded in one groove; the number of grooves is set according to the actual measurement situation. In this embodiment, a total of 10 rectangular metal bars are set.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, the non-metallic layer 2 includes two semi-cylindrical structures of the same size, and the two semi-cylindrical structures can be detachably mounted on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft 1, and the inner wall of the semi-cylindrical structure abuts against the shaft wall of the rotating shaft 1; the inner diameter, outer diameter, and axial length of the two semi-cylindrical structures are the same, and can form a full covering of the rotating shaft 1; in this embodiment, the semi-cylindrical shell is detachably mounted on the rotating shaft 1 by bolts, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the non-metallic layer 2, and can also better adapt to the needs of installation on rotating shafts 1 of different sizes.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, a bracket 5 is further included, and the housing 3 is detachably mounted on the bracket 5; the spacing between the metal layer and the non-metal layer can be adjusted to the distance required for actual monitoring by adjusting the intermediate brackets of different heights; the bracket 5 is made of hard materials such as carbon steel and cast iron that can play a fixed supporting role; the housing is made of materials with advantages such as light weight, good processability and appropriate strength, such as acrylic, polylactic acid (PLA), etc. In this embodiment, the housing is made of acrylic material, and the bracket is made of carbon steel material.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the housing 3 includes two half-shell structures 31 relatively arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft 1, and the half-shell structures include a circular area 311 and a connecting area 312 extending from both ends of the circular area to both sides respectively; the circular areas of the two half-shell structures are relatively arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft 1, and the inner walls of the two circular areas form a complete circumferential surface, and the grooves are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface; so as to ensure that the rectangular metal strips (metal layers) installed in the grooves are evenly distributed on the rotating shaft and the outer ring of the non-metallic layer on the rotating shaft, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the device in judging the friction state of the rotating machinery;

[0042] The connection area 312 is provided with a threaded hole, and the fixing bolts pass through the threaded holes on the two connection areas 312 in turn to fix the two half-shell structures on the bracket 5. At this time, the two connection areas on the same side of the two half-shell structures are abutted against each other, and the fixing bolts pass through the threaded holes on the connection area 312 to fix the outer shell 3 on the bracket 5, so as to ensure that the outer shell and the metal layer are fixed when the friction of the rotating machinery is monitored, and to ensure the position stability of the stator structure when the shaft and the non-metallic layer thereon rotate in the stator mechanism, thereby improving the accuracy of judging the friction state of the rotating machinery.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the material of the non-metallic layer 2 is selected from one of polyurethane, fluororubber, natural rubber, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene or a composite material thereof, and the material of the non-metallic layer 2 is a material that is easy to obtain electrons; the non-metallic layer can also be replaced by a non-metallic material shaft that is easy to obtain electrons, that is, it is set as an axis structure instead of a semi-cylindrical structure. The two ends of the non-metallic material shaft are connected to the metal shafts on both sides through couplings. When the shaft rotates with the shaft to be measured, the shaft structure is driven to rotate inside the metal layer, which can also achieve the same effect as setting the non-metallic layer 2 to a semi-cylindrical structure; in this embodiment, the material of the non-metallic layer 2 is polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the material of the metal layer 4 is selected from one of copper, aluminum, silver and zinc; the material of the metal layer is a material that easily loses electrons. In this embodiment, the material of the metal layer is copper.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, a plurality of wire channels are provided on the shell 3, each wire is respectively provided in one of the wire channels, and one end of one of the wires is soldered to one of the rectangular metal bars, and the other end is connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument; in this embodiment, the electrical signal measuring instrument adopts an electrometer; when the rotor of the rotating machinery rubs during operation, it will drive the rotating shaft and the stator of the device to rub, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene on the rotating shaft and the rectangular copper bar in the shell rub, and the charge flows from the rectangular copper bar to the polytetrafluoroethylene, thereby causing the electrical signal to change. The wire transmits the electrical signal to the electrometer, so that the change of the electrical signal can be observed. According to the different changes of the electrical signal at different positions, the position and degree of the rubbing can be judged, thereby realizing the rubbing monitoring of the rotor system of the rotating machinery.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, a base 6 is further included, the bracket 5 is fixed on the base 6, and the base is set on the test site; the base 6 is made of cast iron, steel and other materials, and is used to fix the bracket 5 and ensure the stability of each component when the device is working.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, two bearing seats 7 are respectively provided on both sides of the bracket 5; the two ends of the rotating shaft 1 are rotatably connected to the bearings 8 on the bearing seats 7 at both ends, providing stable support for the rotating shaft and ensuring the horizontal centering state of the rotating shaft.

[0048] The method for using a rotating machinery friction monitoring device disclosed in the present invention is as follows:

[0049] (1) Installation device: First, two semi-cylindrical non-metallic layers are put on the rotating shaft connected to the rotor of the rotating machine, and the non-metallic layer is fixed to the rotating shaft by bolts, so that the non-metallic layer is tightly connected to the rotating shaft and can rotate with the shaft; then, two semi-shell structures inlaid with rectangular metal strips (metal layers) are connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft by fixing bolts to form an outer shell, and then the outer shell is fixed to the bracket to ensure the stability of the outer shell and the coaxiality of the outer shell with the stator of the rotating machine. At the same time, it is ensured that there is a suitable gap between the metal layer and the non-metallic layer, which is conducive to the subsequent generation of electrical signals; according to actual needs, this device can inlay a suitable number of rectangular metal strips on the outer shell (10 rectangular metal strips are inlaid in the embodiment of the present invention), and a metal wire on each metal strip is connected to an electrostatic meter of an electrical signal measuring instrument, so that the change of the electrical signal can be observed on the electrical signal measuring instrument to achieve the purpose of monitoring the friction of the rotating shaft.

[0050] (2) Working process: When the rotating shaft runs normally with the rotor of the rotating machinery, there is no friction between the metal layer and the non-metal, and the electrical signals generated by different metal strips remain consistent; when the rotor and stator of the rotating machinery rub against each other during operation, the rotating shaft will be driven to move, causing the non-metal layer on the shaft to rub against the metal strips in different directions. According to the principle of friction electrification, the charge is transferred from the metal strip (metal layer) to the non-metal layer, and the change of electrical signal on the metal layer is transmitted to the electrometer through the metal wire. By observing the change of electrical signal transmitted by the metal blocks at different positions on the electrometer, the position and direction of the friction of the rotating shaft can be determined, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring the friction of the rotating shaft.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotating machinery friction monitoring device, characterized in that: It comprises a rotor mechanism and a stator mechanism which is sleeved outside the rotor mechanism and coaxially arranged therewith; The rotor mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (1) and a non-metallic layer (2) arranged on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft (1); The stator mechanism comprises a shell (3) and a metal layer (4) arranged on the inner wall of the shell (3), and the metal layer (4) is electrically connected to an external electrical signal measuring instrument; A gap is provided between the metal layer (4) and the non-metal layer (2); one end of the rotating shaft (1) is connected to the rotor of the rotating machine, and the rotating shaft (1) and the rotor are coaxially arranged; the housing is coaxially arranged with the stator of the rotating machine; and the rotor drives the rotating shaft (1) to rotate inside the housing (3) and the metal layer (4).

2. A rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal layer (4) comprises a plurality of rectangular metal bars, which are evenly spaced and arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell (3) in the circumferential direction, and each of the rectangular metal bars is extended along the axial direction of the outer shell (3); the vertical distance from each of the rectangular metal bars to the metal layer (4) on the rotating shaft inside is equal; and the rectangular metal bars are connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument via wires.

3. A rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of grooves (32) having a shape adapted to the shape of the rectangular metal strip are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell (3) along its circumferential direction, the depth of the grooves (32) being no greater than the thickness of the rectangular metal strip, and the rectangular metal strip is installed in the grooves (32).

4. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-metallic layer (2) comprises two semi-cylindrical structures of the same size, and both of the semi-cylindrical structures can be detachably mounted on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft (1), and the inner walls of the semi-cylindrical structures abut against the shaft wall of the rotating shaft (1).

5. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a bracket (5), and the housing (3) is detachably mounted on the bracket (5).

6. A rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer shell (3) comprises two half-shell structures (31) arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft (1), the half-shell structures comprising a circular area (311) and connecting areas (312) extending from both ends of the circular area to both sides respectively; the circular areas of the two half-shell structures are arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft (1) in a relative manner, and the inner walls of the two circular areas form a complete circumferential surface; the grooves (32) are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface; The connection area (312) is provided with a threaded hole, and fixing bolts pass through the threaded holes on the two connection areas (312) in sequence to fix the two half-shell structures on the bracket (5).

7. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the non-metallic layer (2) is selected from one of polyurethane, fluororubber, natural rubber, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene or a composite material thereof.

8. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal layer (4) is selected from one of copper, aluminum, silver and zinc.

9. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The housing (3) is provided with a plurality of wire channels, each wire (9) is respectively arranged in one of the wire channels, and one end of one of the wires is connected to one of the rectangular metal bars, and the other end is connected to the electrical signal measuring instrument.

10. The rotating machinery friction monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a base (6), and the bracket (5) is fixed on the base (6).

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