Device for measuring particle loss and pressure stress transmission in dynamic water environment gangue pressure-bearing process

Abstract

The invention provides a device for measuring particle loss and pressure stress transmission in a gangue pressure-bearing process in a flowing water environment, and belongs to the technical field of geological engineering and mineral engineering. The device for measuring the particle loss and the pressure stress transmission in the gangue pressure-bearing process in the flowing water environment comprises a water supply device, an environment simulation measurement device and a collection and separation device, the environment simulation measurement device is used for containing a sample, simulating the natural environment of the sample and monitoring mechanical response data of the sample; an outlet of the water supply device is connected with an inlet of the environment simulation measurement device; an outlet of the environment simulation measuring device is connected with the collecting and separating device. The environment simulation measuring device can load a sample, simulate the real working environment of filling gangue in an underground mine under the action of water flow and monitor the mechanical response data of the filling gangue in real time; and the collecting and separating device can effectively separate crushed gangue particles from water, so that the behavior characteristics of the gangue in a dynamic water environment and the influence of the gangue on the stability of overlying strata can be comprehensively understood.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering and mining engineering, and in particular to a device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing in a dynamic water environment. Background Art

[0002] Underground mineral resources are vital to the development and security of the national economy. They are the basis for meeting resource needs, promoting economic growth and improving people's quality of life. However, when mining underground mineral resources, a large number of goaf areas will be formed, which are prone to ground collapse, thus causing damage to surface buildings and possibly endangering people's lives and property. In addition, the mining of mineral resources will also produce a large amount of waste gangue. In the process of transporting these gangues, a lot of manpower and material resources are consumed, and stacking these gangues will occupy a lot of land, while polluting the surrounding soil and water environment, threatening the ecological environment and public health.

[0003] Backfilling the waste gangue directly into the goaf is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution and land occupation. It can not only reduce ground pressure, but also support the overlying rock together with the underground support structure. However, over time, due to the pressure of the overlying rock, the gangue filled in the goaf may be deformed under pressure, thereby weakening its support capacity for the overlying rock. This effect is particularly evident when there is water flow in the goaf. The water flow not only erodes the gangue and reduces its bearing capacity, but also carries away small particles of gangue that are broken by pressure, causing particle loss. In addition, as a bulk material, the gangue will produce lateral flow under the action of the upper load, which will cause additional lateral compressive stress to be applied to the underground support structure, which may cause the instability of the support structure.

[0004] Therefore, studying the particle loss and compressive stress transfer characteristics of gangue under pressure in a dynamic water environment is of great significance for evaluating and analyzing the stability of gangue-filled goaf. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a device capable of measuring the loss of gangue particles and the transmission of compressive stress under simulated real conditions.

[0006] Provided is a device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing in a dynamic water environment, comprising: a water supply device, an environmental simulation measurement device and a collection and separation device; The environmental simulation measuring device is used to hold the sample, simulate the natural environment of the sample and monitor the mechanical response data of the sample; The outlet of the water supply device is connected to the inlet of the environment simulation measurement device; The outlet of the environmental simulation measuring device is connected to the collecting and separating device.

[0007] Furthermore, the environmental simulation measurement device includes a sample carrying box, a pressure applying device and a data detection device; The sample carrying box is provided with a water inlet at one end, a crushed material outlet at the other end, and a filling port at the top; The outlet of the water supply device is connected to the inlet of the sample carrying box, and the outlet of the sample carrying box is connected to the collection and separation device; The pressure applying device is arranged at the filling port of the sample carrying box; The data detection device is arranged in the sample carrying box.

[0008] Further, the data detection device includes a seepage sensor, a compressive stress sensor and a strain gauge; The seepage sensor is arranged on the inner side of the top of the sample carrying box; The compressive stress sensor is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the sample carrying box; The strain gauge is arranged on the inner side wall of the sample carrying box.

[0009] Further, the sample carrying box includes a box body, an inlet steel wire mesh and an outlet steel wire mesh; The box body is provided with the water inlet at one end, the crushed material outlet at the other end, and the filling port at the top; The inlet steel wire mesh is arranged at the water inlet, and the outlet steel wire mesh is arranged at the crushed material outlet; The aperture of the outlet steel wire mesh is smaller than the minimum particle size of the sample.

[0010] Further, the outlet wire mesh includes a frame and a wire mesh; The frame surrounds the edge of the wire mesh, and a plurality of positioning parts are arranged on the frame; The crushed material outlet is provided with a limiting portion; The outlet wire mesh is fixed to the crushed material outlet through the adaption connection between the limiting portion and the positioning portion.

[0011] Further, it also includes a left top baffle and a right top baffle; The top of the box body is provided with an opening; The left top baffle is detachably mounted on the left side of the opening, and the right top baffle is detachably mounted on the right side of the opening; A space is left between the left top baffle plate and the right top baffle plate to form the filling port.

[0012] Further, the pressure applying device includes a middle pressing plate and a press; The output end of the press is connected to the middle pressing plate; The middle pressure plate is arranged at the filling port.

[0013] Further, it also includes a sealing strip; The sealing strip is installed on the periphery of the middle pressure plate.

[0014] Further, the collection and separation device includes a rotating table and a plurality of collection filter boxes; The plurality of collecting and filtering boxes are arranged in a circular matrix to form a matrix-type collecting and separating box group; The bottom of the matrix type collecting and separating box group is connected to the rotating power output end of the rotating table.

[0015] Furthermore, in one test cycle, the rotating table rotates one circle.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. It provides a complete experimental system that can accurately simulate the real working environment of gangue filling in underground mines under the action of water flow. The water supply device ensures the water flow conditions required in the test; the environmental simulation measurement device can load the sample and monitor its mechanical response data in real time; and the collection and separation device can effectively separate the broken gangue particles from the water to facilitate quantitative analysis of particle loss. This helps to fully understand the behavioral characteristics of gangue in a dynamic water environment and its impact on the stability of the overlying rock.

[0017] 2. A special sample-carrying box is set up to hold the gangue samples, equipped with a pressure-applying device to achieve a controllable loading process, and a data detection device to record key parameters (such as compressive stress and seepage velocity). This design allows researchers to precisely control experimental conditions and obtain high-quality data, providing a scientific basis for evaluating the long-term performance of gangue filling.

[0018] 3. Seepage sensors can monitor the changes in seepage velocity at different locations, thereby determining the impact of water flow on the degree of gangue erosion; pressure stress sensors can capture the pressure distribution state of the bottom and side walls, helping to understand the stress transfer law inside the gangue. This information is of great significance for optimizing the gangue filling plan and preventing the collapse of the goaf.

[0019] 4. The use of a sample carrying box with a specific structure and steel meshes of different apertures installed at the inlet and outlet not only effectively prevents large pieces of material from escaping, but also allows fine particles to be discharged with the water flow, which is convenient for subsequent processing and analysis. In addition, this design also helps to maintain the stability of the water flow during the experiment, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the test results.

[0020] 5. The sophisticated design makes the outlet wire mesh easy to install and disassemble, and convenient for replacement or cleaning. At the same time, the adaption connection between the positioning part and the limit part ensures that the wire mesh is firmly fixed, avoiding experimental errors caused by looseness, and improving the stability and durability of the entire system. The design of multiple positioning parts can adjust the position of the outlet wire mesh, thereby changing the distance between the inlet wire mesh and the outlet wire mesh (that is, the space in the carrier box to accommodate the test), which is the migration distance of the small particles after the test crushing, and the relationship between the migration distance and the strain is obtained, and then the farthest distance of the lateral compressive stress transmission can be deduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing in a dynamic water environment according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an environment simulation measurement device according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a box body according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a left top baffle according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an outlet wire mesh according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure stress sensor and an anti-pressure plate at the bottom of a box body according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] The reference numerals are described as follows: 1. Water supply device, 2. Environmental simulation measurement device, 3. Collection and separation device; 11. Water pump, 12. Water inlet pipe, 13. Water inlet valve, 14. Water inlet head; 21. sample carrying box, 22. pressure applying device, 23. data detecting device; 211, water inlet, 212, crushed material outlet, 213, filling port; 214, box body, 215, inlet wire mesh, 216, outlet wire mesh; 217, left top baffle, 218, right top baffle; 219, observation window; 2161, frame, 2162, screen, 2163, positioning unit; 221, middle platen, 222, press machine; 231. Seepage sensor, 232. Pressure stress sensor, 233. Strain gauge, 234. Anti-pressure plate; 31. Rotating table, 32. Collecting filter box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.

[0025] The terms "a", "an", "the", and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are used to express an open-ended inclusive meaning and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing in a dynamic water environment according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an environment simulation measurement device according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a box body according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a left top baffle according to an exemplary embodiment (the right top baffle has the same structure as the left top baffle); Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an outlet wire mesh according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 The schematic diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box bottom pressure stress sensor and the anti-pressure plate according to an exemplary embodiment. The above schematic diagram is only to show the structural relationship related to the invention point, and is not to be used as the actual scale of the actual product.

[0027] The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a water supply device 1, an environmental simulation measurement device 2 and a collection and separation device 3. The environmental simulation measurement device 2 is used to hold the sample, simulate the natural environment of the sample and monitor the mechanical response data of the sample; the outlet of the water supply device 1 is connected to the inlet of the environmental simulation measurement device 2; and the outlet of the environmental simulation measurement device 2 is connected to the collection and separation device 3.

[0028] Among them, the water supply device 1 plays a vital role in the particle loss and compressive stress transmission measurement device during the gangue pressure bearing process under the dynamic water environment. Through the system composed of the water pump 11, the water inlet pipe 12, the water inlet valve 13 and the water inlet head 14 connected in sequence, water can be transported from the external water source to the environmental simulation measurement device 2. This process ensures the continuous and stable water flow supply required during the experiment, simulating the dynamic water environment in the actual mine.

[0029] The water pump 11 is a key component for controlling the water flow rate, and different water flow rates can be adjusted according to experimental requirements. This is crucial for studying the erosion of gangue at different flow rates and the particle loss characteristics, and helps to understand the impact of water flow on the stability of gangue. Appropriate water flow can generate a certain water pressure, which is of great significance for simulating the pressure effect of groundwater on the sample (i.e., filled gangue). By adjusting the water flow rate, the changes in groundwater levels at different depths can be simulated to a certain extent, thereby more realistically reflecting the state of gangue in the underground environment.

[0030] The water inlet valve 13 can conveniently open or close the water flow, ensure that it can be ready before the experiment starts, and stop the water supply in time after the experiment. This is very important for the safety and convenience of the experimental operation. Although the water pump 11 is mainly used to control the speed of the water flow, the water inlet valve 13 can assist in adjusting the speed of the water flow to a certain extent. By fine-tuning the opening of the valve, the amount of water entering the test box can be finely controlled, thereby achieving a preliminary adjustment of the water flow rate. If any unexpected situation occurs during the experiment, such as equipment failure or the need to stop the experiment immediately, the water inlet valve 13 can quickly cut off the water source to prevent further problems from occurring and ensure the safety of the experiment. The water inlet valve 13 usually works in conjunction with components such as the water pump 11 and the water inlet pipe 12 to form a complete water supply system. It not only helps maintain the stable operation of the system, but also provides a controllable interface for the entire water supply process, which is convenient for the experimenter to operate according to actual needs. When water supply is not required, closing the water inlet valve 13 can prevent water backflow or other unnecessary pressure from damaging the system. This helps to extend the service life of the entire experimental device and reduce maintenance costs.

[0031] The environmental simulation measurement device 2 is used to load the gangue sample, simulate the actual environmental conditions, and monitor and record the mechanical response data of the sample. The environmental simulation measurement device 2 includes a sample carrying box 21, a pressure applying device 22 and a data detection device 23; a water inlet 211 is provided at one end of the sample carrying box 21, a crushed material outlet 212 is provided at the other end, and a filling port 213 is provided at the top; the outlet of the water supply device 1 is connected to the inlet of the sample carrying box 21, and the outlet of the sample carrying box 21 is connected to the collection and separation device 3; the pressure applying device 22 is provided at the filling port 213 of the sample carrying box 21; the data detection device 23 is provided in the sample carrying box 21. It can monitor the changes of particle loss and compressive stress in real time, which is helpful to deeply understand the mechanical behavior of gangue in a dynamic water environment. It can not only be used to study the problem of particle loss, but also analyze the transmission mechanism of lateral compressive stress, providing an important basis for the stability evaluation of goaf.

[0032] In one embodiment, the sample carrying box 21 has square openings at both ends, one end is a water inlet 211, and the other end is a crushed material outlet 212. There is a filling port 213 on the top for filling the gangue sample. The gangue sample required for the load test is introduced through the water inlet 211 to simulate the groundwater flow environment. The crushed small particles are allowed to flow out with the water through the crushed material outlet 212 for collection and analysis.

[0033] In one embodiment, the sample carrying box 21 includes a box body 214, an inlet steel wire mesh 215 and an outlet steel wire mesh 216; a water inlet 211 is provided at one end of the box body 214, a crushed material outlet 212 is provided at the other end, and a filling port 213 is provided at the top; the inlet steel wire mesh 215 is provided at the water inlet 211, and the outlet steel wire mesh 216 is provided at the crushed material outlet 212; the aperture of the outlet steel wire mesh 216 is smaller than the minimum particle size of the sample.

[0034] The box body 214 is a steel cuboid with square openings at both ends, and an observation window 219 is embedded on one side. The observation window 219 is made of a high-strength, high-perspective acrylic plate, allowing direct observation of the internal conditions. The box body 214 is used as the core container of the test, for loading the gangue sample, and provides a closed space to simulate the actual working environment.

[0035] The water inlet 211 is provided at one end of the box body 214. The water supply device 1 is connected (through the water inlet head 14) so ​​that the water can smoothly enter the sample carrying box 21. After the water enters from this end, it will flush the sample, simulating the conditions under the dynamic water environment in the underground mine.

[0036] The crushed material outlet 212 is arranged at the other end of the box body 214. The small particles of gangue generated during the pressure test are allowed to flow out with the water flow for subsequent collection and analysis. These small particles are formed by the crushing of gangue under pressure and the impact of water flow, and their loss can reflect the stability of the gangue layer.

[0037] The filling port 213 is located at the top of the box body 214 and is used to fill the gangue sample. Before the test begins, the gangue sample configured according to a specific gradation is loaded into the box body 214 through this port. At the same time, this filling port 213 is also convenient for necessary adjustments or supplements during the experiment.

[0038] The inlet wire mesh 215 is arranged at the water inlet 211. It mainly plays a bearing and supporting role, preventing the gangue sample from falling out of the box body 214, and requires the water flow to enter the sample carrying box 21. In addition, it also helps to keep the water flow evenly distributed.

[0039] The outlet wire mesh 216 is arranged at the crushed material outlet 212. The aperture is smaller than the minimum particle size of the sample, so that only small particles crushed by pressure and water flow impact can flow out with the water flow, and larger pieces of gangue are trapped in the box body 214. With the design of the outlet wire mesh 216, the migration distance of small particles can be adjusted by changing the position of the outlet wire mesh 216, so as to study the particle loss under different conditions.

[0040] More specifically, the outlet wire mesh 216 includes a frame 2161 and a wire mesh; the frame 2161 surrounds the edge of the wire mesh, and a plurality of positioning portions 2163 are provided on the frame 2161; a limiting portion is provided at the crushing material outlet 212; the outlet wire mesh 216 is fixed to the crushing material outlet 212 by the adaption connection between the limiting portion and the positioning portion 2163.

[0041] The frame 2161 surrounds the edge of the wire mesh, providing support and fixation for the entire outlet wire mesh 216. It maintains the tension and flatness of the wire mesh to ensure its effective operation and provides a structural foundation required for connection with the sample carrier box 21 fragment outlet 212.

[0042] The wire mesh is made of high-strength material, and the aperture is smaller than the minimum particle size of the sample to prevent larger particles from flowing out with the water. It allows fine particles to pass through while blocking larger gangue particles, thus achieving the screening of small particles after crushing.

[0043] The positioning parts 2163 are arranged on the frame 2161 at a certain spacing. They are used to be adapted and connected with the limiting parts on the sample carrier box 21, so as to fix the outlet wire mesh 216 at the crushed material outlet 212. By changing the position of the positioning parts 2163, the distance between the outlet wire mesh 216 and the inlet wire mesh 215 and the pressure applying device 22 (specifically, the middle pressure plate 221 in the pressure applying device 22) can be adjusted, thereby controlling the migration distance of the crushed small particles.

[0044] The limiting part is arranged at the material outlet 212 of the sample carrying box 21, and matches with the positioning part 2163 on the frame 2161 of the outlet wire mesh 216 to form a stable connection structure, so as to ensure that the outlet wire mesh 216 is firmly installed at the material outlet 212 to prevent displacement or falling off during the test.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, it also includes a left top baffle 217 and a right top baffle 218; an opening is set on the top of the box body 214; the left top baffle 217 is detachably installed on the left side of the opening, and the right top baffle 218 is detachably installed on the right side of the opening; a space is left between the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218 to form a filling port 213.

[0046] The left top baffle 217 is detachably mounted on the left side of the top opening of the box body 214. It limits the movement of the gangue sample in the sample box during loading and ensures stability during the test. Similarly, the right top baffle 218 is detachably mounted on the right side of the top opening of the box body 214. Like the left top baffle 217, it limits the movement of the sample and ensures stability during the test.

[0047] A plurality of screw holes are provided on the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218, and corresponding screw holes are also provided at positions corresponding to the top edge of the box body 214. The top baffle is fixed to the box body 214 by bolts and nuts. This connection method is simple and reliable, easy to assemble and disassemble, and can provide sufficient fastening force to ensure that the top baffle will not loosen during the test.

[0048] In addition, the detachable connection between the left top baffle plate 217 and the right top baffle plate 218 can be achieved by the following structure: 1. The edges of the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218 can be designed with buckle structures, and the top edge of the box body 214 is correspondingly provided with a slot or a bayonet. The fast connection and disassembly can be achieved through the cooperation of the buckle and the slot. It is suitable for situations where frequent disassembly and assembly are required, and the operation is simple and fast.

[0049] 2. Pin holes are set at the edges of the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218, and pin slots are set at the corresponding positions of the top edge of the box body 214. The top baffle is fixed by inserting the pin. The operation is simple, but the firmness and stability of the pin need to be ensured.

[0050] The sample carrier box 21 in the above embodiment is carefully designed to effectively simulate the behavior of gangue under pressure in a dynamic water environment. The box body 214 itself provides a stable test environment, while the inlet wire mesh 215 and the outlet wire mesh 216 are responsible for controlling the input quality and output quality of the water flow, respectively, to ensure the cleanliness and data accuracy during the test. In particular, the design of the outlet wire mesh 216 enables researchers to accurately measure the particle loss, which is crucial for evaluating the long-term stability and safety of the gangue-filled goaf.

[0051] The pressure applying device 22 can apply constant or variable pressure to the gangue sample to simulate the pressure conditions under actual working conditions.

[0052] In one embodiment, the pressure applying device 22 includes a middle platen 221 and a press 222 ; the output end of the press 222 is connected to the middle platen 221 ; the middle platen 221 is disposed at the filling port 213 , and also includes a sealing strip; the sealing strip is installed on the periphery of the middle platen 221 .

[0053] The middle pressure plate 221 is arranged at the filling port 213 of the sample carrying box 21. As the main component for applying pressure, the pressure is transmitted to the gangue sample through the action of the press 222. It ensures that the pressure can be applied evenly during the test to simulate the load conditions under actual working conditions.

[0054] The output end of the press 222 is connected to the middle press plate 221. A constant or variable pressure source is provided to achieve loading of the specimen. By controlling the loading rate and target load, different loading modes (such as short-time creep loading mode) can be designed to simulate the pressure changes in the actual working environment.

[0055] The sealing strip is installed on the periphery of the middle pressing plate 221 to prevent water from leaking out from the gap between the middle pressing plate 221 and the sample carrying box 21, ensuring water tightness during the test, maintaining a stable test environment, and preventing external factors from interfering with the test results.

[0056] The data detection device 23 includes a seepage sensor 231, a pressure stress sensor 232 and a strain gauge 233; the seepage sensor 231 is arranged on the inner side of the top of the sample carrier box 21; the pressure stress sensor 232 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the sample carrier box 21; and the strain gauge 233 is arranged on the inner side wall of the sample carrier box 21. The seepage sensor 231 is arranged on the inner side of the top of the sample carrier box 21. Monitor and record the seepage velocity at different positions to evaluate the influence of water flow on the gangue particles. Provide data on water flow distribution and flow characteristics to help understand the stability of gangue in a dynamic water environment. The pressure stress sensor 232 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the sample carrier box 21. Measure and record the vertical compressive stress, that is, the situation where the pressure is transmitted from the top to the bottom. It is helpful to analyze how the pressure is distributed during the pressure bearing process and the influence of this distribution on the stability of the gangue and the stability of the support body. The strain gauge 233 is arranged on the inner side wall of the sample carrier box 21. Monitor and record the lateral deformation, that is, the lateral displacement of the gangue sample when subjected to vertical pressure. By measuring the strain (i.e. the deformation of the material), the deformation characteristics of the gangue under pressure can be reflected and the mechanical properties of the gangue sample can be understood.

[0057] Specifically, the seepage sensor 231 is disposed on a surface of the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218 close to the inner side of the box body 214. A plurality of seepage sensors 231 are disposed on both the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218, and the plurality of seepage sensors 231 are evenly distributed.

[0058] A plurality of pressure stress sensors 232 are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the box body 214 , and in order to prevent the gangue sample from damaging the pressure stress sensor 232 during the pressure-bearing process, an anti-pressure plate 234 is arranged on top of each pressure stress sensor 232 , and the number and position of the anti-pressure plates 234 correspond one-to-one to the pressure stress sensors 232 .

[0059] The strain gauge 233 is arranged on the wire mesh of the outlet wire mesh 216. The plurality of strain gauges 233 are evenly distributed. The strain gauge 233 is used to measure the transmission of lateral compressive stress during the pressure-bearing process of the gangue sample. The outside of the strain gauge 233 is coated with epoxy resin and gauze to prevent damage. In addition, the strain gauge 233 is also connected to a strain meter, which is used to receive the signal transmitted by the strain gauge 233.

[0060] The collecting and separating device 3 includes a rotating table 31 and a plurality of collecting and filtering boxes 32; the plurality of collecting and filtering boxes 32 are arranged in a circular matrix to form a matrix collecting and separating box group; the bottom of the matrix collecting and separating box group is connected to the rotating power output end of the rotating table 31. In one test cycle, the rotating table 31 rotates one circle.

[0061] The rotating table 31 provides power to enable the matrix collection and separation box group to rotate. The rotating power output end of the rotating table 31 is connected to the bottom of the matrix collection and separation box group to ensure that the entire collection and separation box group can rotate smoothly. It is usually equipped with a control system to set the rotation speed and cycle to meet different experimental requirements.

[0062] The matrix collection and separation box group is composed of a plurality of collection filter boxes 32 arranged in a circular matrix to form a whole. Each collection filter box 32 is used to collect the crushed gangue particles flowing out of the sample carrier box 21. By rotating the rotating table 31, different collection filter boxes 32 can be aligned with the crushed material outlet 212 at different time points, thereby realizing time-sharing collection. This is helpful to study the particle loss in different time periods and analyze the distribution characteristics of particles changing with time.

[0063] Specifically, the rotating table 31 generally includes components such as a motor, a reducer, and a rotating shaft. The motor provides rotational power, and the speed is adjusted by the reducer, and finally transmitted to the matrix collection and separation box group by the rotating shaft. The control system can set the rotation speed (such as a few revolutions per minute) and the rotation cycle (such as one rotation in one test cycle).

[0064] The collecting filter box 32 is a fan-shaped device, and a filter screen or other filter medium is installed inside. The aperture of the filter screen is designed to be smaller than the crushed gangue particles, so that all the gangue particles remain in the filter box, while the water flow can pass through. Each collecting filter box 32 can be taken out separately, which is convenient for cleaning and replacement.

[0065] A plurality of collecting and filtering boxes 32 are arranged in a circular matrix to form a complete collection and separation box group. For example, there may be 6, 8 or more collecting and filtering boxes 32 evenly distributed on the rotating table 31. This arrangement enables a new collecting and filtering box 32 to be aligned with the debris outlet 212 at each rotation position, thereby achieving continuous collection.

[0066] Working process: At the beginning of a test cycle, the rotating table 31 aligns the first collection filter box 32 with the debris outlet 212.

[0067] As the test proceeds, the rotating table 31 gradually rotates according to a preset speed and cycle, and the other collecting filter boxes 32 are aligned with the debris outlet 212 in turn.

[0068] At the end of one test cycle, the rotating table 31 completes one rotation, and each collecting filter box 32 collects the crushed gangue particles in the corresponding time period.

[0069] After the test is finished, each collection filter box 32 can be taken out separately for subsequent processing such as particle weighing and analysis.

[0070] The test process of the particle loss and compressive stress transfer measurement device during the gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment can be described in detail as follows: Experimental preparation Sample gradation: Image information extraction technology is used to obtain the actual particle size gradation of underground gangue, and gangue samples that are consistent with the gradation distribution of underground gangue are configured according to the principle of proportional scaling.

[0071] Sample loading: Fix the outlet wire mesh 216 to the outermost (left side in the figure) positioning portion 2163 position.

[0072] According to the sample grading distribution, the gangue required for a single sample is weighed out, mixed evenly and filled into the sample carrying box 21. Specifically:

[0073] The left top baffle plate 217 and the right top baffle plate 218 are fixed to the sample box by nuts.

[0074] The middle part is filled again according to the maximum vertical deformation of the sample carrying box 21 caused by the target load to ensure that during the test, the lowest position of the middle pressure plate 221 is higher than the lowest positions of the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218.

[0075] Finally, the middle pressure plate 221 is placed between the left top baffle 217 and the right top baffle 218 to complete the loading.

[0076] Water inlet speed setting: Open the water pump 11 and the water inlet valve 13, and gradually increase the water inlet rate.

[0077] When the rightmost seepage sensor 231 installed on the right top baffle 218 transmits data, it is called full pipe flow. The full pipe flow rate in this state is set as the minimum water inflow rate.

[0078] Maintain this water inlet rate to make the water flow stable and start the loading test.

[0079] Test loading Loading Mode: Design a short-term creep loading pattern under a certain constant load setting value.

[0080] The test sets certain constant target load and target prestress according to actual working conditions.

[0081] First, prestress is applied through displacement control, that is, loading to the target prestress at a certain loading rate and maintaining it for a certain time so that the sample is basically stable.

[0082] Then switch to load control for formal loading, load to a constant target load at a certain loading rate, and maintain it for a period of time.

[0083] Data collection and analysis Water-stone separation: Turn on the turntable and set the rotation cycle so that the turntable rotates one circle after the set time.

[0084] The separated crushed gangue is dried and weighed, and the mass is called the gangue particle loss during this period of time.

[0085] Repeat the experiment: After the test is completed, observe whether there is any data transmitted from the strain gauge (the data measured by the strain gauge 233 at this time mainly comes from the pressure applied by the top pressure applying device 22 to the gangue sample and then transmitted to the outlet wire mesh 216).

[0086] If there is data transmitted, the outlet wire mesh 216 is moved one positioning hole to the right and the above test is repeated until there is no data transmitted on the strain gauge, and the test is terminated.

[0087] Data monitoring: The changing relationship of the gangue particle loss in different time periods can be obtained, and then the trend of particle loss changing with time during the pressure process can be calculated.

[0088] The distance from the rightmost side of the middle pressure plate 221 to the outlet wire mesh 216 is called the migration distance of the small particles after the test crushing. The relationship between the migration distance and the strain change is obtained, and then the maximum distance of the lateral compressive stress transmission can be deduced.

[0089] The strain gauges 233 at different positions can be used to observe the strain changes at different positions.

[0090] The data transmitted by the bottom compressive stress sensor 232 show the difference in the vertical compressive stress transmission at different positions of the bottom.

[0091] Experimental Summary Through the above steps, we can fully understand the particle loss situation and the transmission characteristics of compressive stress during the gangue pressure-bearing process under dynamic water environment, so as to evaluate the stability of the gangue-filled goaf.

[0092] Combined with the test results, the gangue filling plan can be optimized to improve the safety and stability of the mine.

[0093] In the embodiments of the present invention, the term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0094] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it needs to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0095] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "a preferred embodiment", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0096] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment, It is characterized in that include: A water supply device (1), an environmental simulation measurement device (2) and a collection and separation device (3); The environmental simulation measuring device (2) is used to hold the sample, simulate the natural environment of the sample and monitor the mechanical response data of the sample; The outlet of the water supply device (1) is connected to the inlet of the environmental simulation measurement device (2); The outlet of the environmental simulation measuring device (2) is connected to the collecting and separating device (3).

2. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The environmental simulation measurement device (2) comprises a sample carrying box (21), a pressure applying device (22) and a data detection device (23); The sample carrying box (21) is provided with a water inlet (211) at one end, a crushed material outlet (212) at the other end, and a filling port (213) at the top; The outlet of the water supply device (1) is connected to the inlet of the sample carrying box (21), and the outlet of the sample carrying box (21) is connected to the collection and separation device (3); The pressure applying device (22) is arranged at a filling port (213) of the sample carrying box (21); The data detection device (23) is arranged in the sample carrying box (21).

3. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The data detection device (23) comprises a seepage sensor (231), a compressive stress sensor (232) and a strain gauge (233); The seepage sensor (231) is arranged on the inner side of the top of the sample carrying box (21); The pressure stress sensor (232) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the sample carrying box (21); The strain gauge (233) is arranged on the inner side wall of the sample carrying box (21).

4. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The sample carrying box (21) comprises a box body (214), an inlet steel wire mesh (215) and an outlet steel wire mesh (216); The box body (214) is provided with the water inlet (211) at one end, the crushed material outlet (212) at the other end, and the filling port (213) at the top; The inlet steel wire mesh (215) is arranged at the water flow inlet (211), and the outlet steel wire mesh (216) is arranged at the crushed material outlet (212); The aperture of the outlet steel wire mesh (216) is smaller than the minimum particle size of the sample.

5. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The outlet wire mesh (216) comprises a frame (2161) and a wire mesh; The frame (2161) surrounds the edge of the wire mesh, and a plurality of positioning portions (2163) are provided on the frame (2161); The crushed material outlet (212) is provided with a limiting portion; The outlet wire mesh (216) is fixed to the crushed material outlet (212) through the adaptable connection between the limiting portion and the positioning portion (2163).

6. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 4, It is characterized in that Also includes a left top baffle (217) and a right top baffle (218); The top of the box body (214) is provided with an opening; The left top baffle (217) is detachably mounted on the left side of the opening, and the right top baffle (218) is detachably mounted on the right side of the opening; A space is left between the left top baffle plate (217) and the right top baffle plate (218) to form the filling port (213).

7. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The pressure applying device (22) comprises a middle pressing plate (221) and a pressing machine (222); The output end of the press machine (222) is connected to the middle pressing plate (221); The middle pressure plate (221) is arranged at the filling port (213).

8. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 7, It is characterized in that It also includes sealing strips; The sealing strip is installed on the periphery of the middle pressure plate (221).

9. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transfer during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The collecting and separating device (3) comprises a rotating table (31) and a plurality of collecting and filtering boxes (32); The plurality of collecting and filtering boxes (32) are arranged in a circular matrix to form a matrix-type collecting and separating box group; The bottom of the matrix-type collecting and separating box group is connected to the rotating power output end of the rotating platform (31).

10. The device for measuring particle loss and compressive stress transmission during gangue pressure bearing process under dynamic water environment according to claim 9, It is characterized in that In one test cycle, the rotating table (31) rotates one circle.

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