High-speed quantum true random number generation system based on silicon substrate

Abstract

The invention provides a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate, and relates to the technical field of quantum random numbers, the system comprises a quantum random source module, the quantum random source module is configured to perform amplification processing on at least one path of input optical signal to obtain a target optical signal, and the target optical signal is used for receiving the target optical signal; the target optical signal comprises a quantum state signal; the silicon-based chip module is located in the emergent direction of the target optical signal, and the silicon-based chip module is configured to detect and sample a quantum state signal in the target optical signal to obtain a random number electric signal; and the post-processing module is in communication connection with the silicon-based chip module and is configured to sequentially perform signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection on the random number electric signal to obtain a target random number. According to the system, the problem of application limitation of a light quantum random number generation technology is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum random number technology, and in particular to a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate. Background Art

[0002] Random numbers are the cornerstone of security in both classical and quantum encryption protocols. For any data encryption method, if the attacker can effectively predict the random numbers in the system, the encryption will fail. Therefore, a highly random random number generator is always an important requirement for cryptography. Therefore, generating random numbers that are unrelated, non-replicable, and unpredictable is a very important part. Currently, random numbers generated based on deterministic algorithms and classical physics methods are called pseudo-random numbers. There are two essential problems with pseudo-random number generation technology: periodicity and determinism. Quantum random number generators can theoretically generate unpredictable and non-replicable random numbers by utilizing the non-deterministic physical process of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, which can ensure the security of important information. It is essentially different from the rapid trailing generation technology based on deterministic algorithms and classical physics. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of information security.

[0003] According to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the result of quantum state collapse is random. The randomness comes from the intrinsic probability characteristics of the wave function, rather than the unknown initial conditions of the system. The collapse time is instantaneous, the equivalent bandwidth is infinite, and there is no correlation between the output signals. Therefore, the true random number generator based on the principles of quantum mechanics is an ideal random number source that can be widely used in the field of cryptography. At present, many optical QRNG (photon random number generation) schemes have been proposed and verified, including photon path selection, random photon arrival time, photon phase fluctuations, vacuum state fluctuations, amplified spontaneous radiation and other implementation methods.

[0004] At present, most QRNG (optical quantum random number generation) devices are composed of discrete optical devices. The quantum random number generator composed of discrete optical devices has poor optical device stability, high power consumption, and large size. It is difficult to integrate into other systems, especially in the integrated circuit module of the mobile Internet of Things terminal, which requires a quantum true random number module with low power consumption, strong stability, high random number rate, small size, light weight, and easy integration. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate to solve the problem of limited application of optical quantum random number generation technology.

[0006] The system comprises: A quantum random source module, wherein the quantum random source module is configured to amplify at least one input optical signal to obtain a target optical signal, wherein the target optical signal includes a quantum state signal; A silicon-based chip module located in the emission direction of the target optical signal, wherein the silicon-based chip module is configured to detect and sample the quantum state signal in the target optical signal to obtain a random number electrical signal; A post-processing module is communicatively connected to the silicon-based chip module, and the post-processing module is configured to perform signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection on the random number electrical signal in sequence to obtain a target random number.

[0007] Preferably, the quantum random source module includes: The light source unit is configured to emit a light signal and oscillate and amplify the light signal before it is emitted.

[0008] Preferably, the light source unit comprises: a plurality of lasers, wherein the lasers are configured to emit the optical signal; A plurality of vertical grating couplers, each of which is configured to convert a propagation direction of the optical signal emitted by the laser connected thereto into a preset propagation direction, and couple a quantum state signal into the optical signal to obtain the target optical signal; a plurality of single-mode waveguides, wherein the single-mode waveguides are configured to inject the target optical signal onto the silicon-based chip module; A plurality of bare fibers, wherein the bare fibers are connected to the corresponding lasers and the corresponding vertical grating couplers; The laser, the vertical grating coupler, the single-mode waveguide and the bare fiber correspond to each other one by one.

[0009] Preferably, the quantum random source module further includes: a plurality of vacuum blockers, the vacuum blockers being disposed at ports corresponding to the light source unit, the vacuum blockers being configured to exclude states other than a vacuum state from the target light signal; The vacuum blockers correspond one to one with the lasers.

[0010] Preferably, the silicon-based chip module comprises: A plurality of interference modules, each of which is configured to perform stable processing on the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal; A plurality of measurement modules, each of which is configured to perform differential measurement on the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal to obtain the random number electrical signal; The interference modules correspond to the measurement modules one by one.

[0011] Preferably, the interference module comprises: a multi-mode interferometer unit, wherein the multi-mode interferometer unit is configured to perform interference processing on the target light signal and the quantum state signal to obtain a first interference signal and a second interference signal respectively; A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is configured to perform interference and coupling processing on the first interference signal to obtain a third interference signal, and send the third interference signal to the measurement module; the second interference signal is directly transmitted to the measurement module.

[0012] Preferably, the measurement module comprises: a first germanium silicon-based diode, the first germanium silicon-based diode being connected to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the first germanium silicon-based diode being configured to receive the third interference signal and convert the third interference signal into a first photoelectric signal; a second germanium silicon-based diode, the second germanium silicon-based diode being connected to the multi-mode interferometer unit, the second germanium silicon-based diode being configured to receive the second interference signal and convert the second interference signal into a second photoelectric signal; A detector is connected to the first germanium silicon-based electrical diode and the second germanium silicon-based electrical diode respectively, and the detector is configured to perform differential measurement according to the first photoelectric signal and the second photoelectric signal to obtain the random number electrical signal.

[0013] Preferably, the post-processing module comprises: a differential amplification unit, wherein the differential amplification unit is configured to perform differential amplification processing on the random number electrical signal to obtain an amplified electrical signal; An analog-to-digital conversion unit is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion processing on the amplified electrical signal to obtain the target random number.

[0014] Preferably, the type of the quantum random source module is a continuous quantum light source.

[0015] Preferably, the amplitude of the random number electrical signal is proportional to the orthogonal amplitude of the target light signal and the quantum state signal.

[0016] It can be seen from the above content that the present application provides a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate, the system includes a quantum random source module, the quantum random source module is configured to amplify at least one input optical signal to obtain a target optical signal, the target optical signal includes a quantum state signal; a silicon-based chip module located in the emission direction of the target optical signal, the silicon-based chip module is configured to detect and sample the quantum state signal in the target optical signal to obtain a random number electrical signal; a post-processing module connected to the silicon-based chip module, the post-processing module is configured to perform signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection on the random number electrical signal in sequence to obtain a target random number. The present application solves the problem of limited application of optical quantum random number generation technology through the above system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate for this application; Figure 2 This is a specific example diagram of a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] At present, many optical QRNG (photon random number generation) schemes have been proposed and verified, including photon path selection, random photon arrival time, photon phase fluctuation, vacuum state fluctuation, amplified spontaneous radiation, etc. The following are the characteristics of different schemes:

[0021] The solution based on single-photon source requires single-photon detectors that are cooled, which consumes a lot of power. The quantum characteristics are significant, the device concept is clear, and the post-processing method is simple. The performance of single-photon detectors is limited, and the random number generation rate is difficult to improve.

[0022] Phase noise-based solution: requires cooling of the light source, with average power consumption; easy to measure and analyze for optimization, with rates up to Gbps; has phase drift and is relatively expensive.

[0023] The solution based on vacuum fluctuations: requires a continuous strong light source that needs to be cooled, which consumes a lot of power; has strong stability; is difficult to extract quantum signals and is easily affected by classical noise.

[0024] LED+CMOS solution based on comparator: LED and CMOS have small operating current and low power consumption; simple structure and low cost; CMOS sampling rate still needs to be further optimized.

[0025] Based on the technical limitations of the above-mentioned photon random number generation technology, the present application provides the following embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate for this application.

[0027] See also Figure 1 It can be seen that this embodiment provides a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate, the system comprising: A quantum random source module 100 is configured to amplify at least one input optical signal to obtain a target optical signal, wherein the target optical signal includes a quantum state signal. Specifically, in this embodiment, the quantum random source module 100 is used to release the target optical signal, wherein the type of the quantum random source module 100 is a continuous quantum light source.

[0028] Quantum random sources are usually phase noises of lasers or other light sources, which are used to generate quantum state signals. Quantum light sources can be divided into continuous quantum light sources and discrete quantum light sources. Random number generation systems based on continuous quantum light sources usually use methods such as vacuum shot noise measurement, laser phase noise measurement, and amplitude fluctuation measurement in spontaneous radiation amplification noise to generate random numbers. Random number generation systems based on discrete quantum light sources usually use methods such as photon path superposition and measurement, arrival time measurement, and photon number statistical measurement to generate random numbers. Although the discrete quantum true random number generation scheme is simple in principle, easy to model, and has obvious quantum non-determinism, it is limited by the line width of the random source and the efficiency of the detector, and the generation rate is low, which cannot meet the current needs. In addition, due to the limitations of the scheme principle and actual technology, it is difficult to significantly improve the random number generation rate in a short time. Unlike discrete ORNG, the quantum random source of continuous ORNG is easy to prepare, has low requirements for detection devices, and has a high generation rate, so it can save a lot of cost and has a very broad application prospect.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a specific example diagram of a high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate in the present application.

[0030] See also Figure 2It can be seen that the quantum random source module 100 includes: The light source unit 110 is configured to emit a light signal and oscillate and amplify the light signal before it is emitted. Specifically, in this embodiment, the light source unit 110 in the quantum random source module 100 plays the role of releasing the light signal and oscillating and amplifying the light signal.

[0031] Wherein, the light source unit 110 includes: A plurality of lasers 111, wherein the lasers 111 are configured to emit the optical signal; A plurality of vertical grating couplers 112, wherein the vertical grating couplers 112 are configured to convert the propagation direction of the optical signal emitted by the laser 111 connected thereto into a preset propagation direction, and couple the quantum state signal into the optical signal to obtain the target optical signal; A plurality of single-mode waveguides 113, wherein the single-mode waveguides 113 are configured to inject the target optical signal onto the silicon-based chip module 200; A plurality of bare optical fibers 114, wherein the bare optical fibers 114 are connected to the corresponding lasers 111 and the corresponding vertical grating couplers 112; The laser 111 , the vertical grating coupler 112 , the single-mode waveguide 113 and the bare fiber 114 correspond to each other one by one.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, one of the lasers 111, one of the vertical grating couplers 112, one of the single-mode waveguides 113, and one of the bare fibers 114 constitute a light source group in the light source unit 110, and the order in which light flows is from the laser 111 to the bare fiber 114 to the vertical grating coupler 112 to the single-mode waveguide 113.

[0033] Among them, the vertical grating coupler 112, as a key interface device for on-chip and off-chip optical transmission, plays a vital role in optical quantum random number generation (QRNG) technology. This coupler uses the diffraction effect of the grating to achieve efficient coupling between a specific waveguide mode and a non-conducting light beam obliquely incident on the waveguide surface. Compared with horizontal edge coupling, the vertical grating coupler 112 has higher coupling efficiency and more flexible position selection. It can achieve laser coupling at any position above the chip area without affecting the number of connections. It is an ideal coupling solution in QRNG technology.

[0034] The core principle of photonic quantum random number generation technology is based on the essential uncertainty of quantum physics. The basic principle of quantum mechanics shows that when measuring a quantum state, only one of the two mutually orthogonal results in the measurement basis can be obtained. Using this property, random numbers can be obtained by measuring the quantum system. In QRNG technology, the quantum properties of light are used as the carrier of quantum bits, usually single photons are used as quantum bits. By introducing random quantum states, such as spontaneous emission or coherent states of each phase, and measuring these quantum states, random bit sequences can be generated.

[0035] The application of the vertical grating coupler 112 in QRNG is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Efficient light transmission and coupling: The vertical grating coupler 112 can efficiently couple light from the external optical fiber into the quantum chip, providing a stable, high-quality light source for the QRNG. Its tapered design and Bragg grating structure effectively address the size gap between the optical fiber and the waveguide, and by adjusting the number of gratings and the duty cycle, it achieves flexible matching with different optical fiber sizes. When the laser is coupled through the top of the chip, by adjusting the angle between the optical fiber and the coupler, it can ensure that the light passes through the Bragg grating to construct light interference, thereby achieving efficient light transmission.

[0036] Improvement of polarization insensitivity: QRNG technology has certain requirements for the polarization state of light, and traditional grating couplers often have polarization dependence. To solve this problem, researchers proposed a two-dimensional grating coupler structure. This structure can process TE and TM polarized light at the same time, converting them all into TE polarized light, thereby eliminating polarization-related problems and improving the stability and reliability of QRNG.

[0037] Optimizing coupling efficiency and bandwidth: In order to improve the random number generation rate and quality of QRNG, it is necessary to optimize the coupling efficiency and bandwidth of the vertical grating coupler 112. By adopting a cut-toe grating structure, the overlap integral value can be increased, the directionality of the scattered light field can be enhanced, and thus the coupling efficiency can be improved. At the same time, by adjusting the period, duty cycle, and etching height of the grating, the bandwidth of the coupler can be broadened so that it can cover a wider wavelength range and meet the needs of QRNG for light sources of different wavelengths.

[0038] The single-mode waveguide 113 is a device widely used in integrated optics, and its characteristic is that only one propagation mode can propagate in the waveguide. This characteristic is crucial to QRNG technology because it can avoid multimode interference and signal distortion, making the transmission of optical signals more stable and reliable. For rectangular waveguides, the single-mode condition usually refers to when the width of the waveguide is greater than or equal to 1.1 times the wavelength and the height is greater than or equal to 0.6 times the wavelength, only the TE10 mode can propagate in the waveguide. This condition ensures that the transmission of optical signals in the waveguide is highly consistent and stable.

[0039] In QRNG technology, the single-mode waveguide 113 is mainly used for the transmission and manipulation of light. Specifically, QRNG usually uses the quantum state of photons as quantum bits, and measures these quantum states by introducing random quantum states, such as spontaneous emission or coherent states of each phase, thereby generating a random bit sequence. In this process, the single-mode waveguide 113 serves as a transmission channel for light, ensuring the stable transmission of the optical signal from the light source to the measuring device. At the same time, the single-mode waveguide 113 can also be used in combination with other optical devices, such as multi-mode interferometers (MMIs), to achieve more complex optical signal manipulation and measurement.

[0040] The MMI device is a special optical device that consists of a multimode waveguide and several input and output waveguides. In QRNG, MMI devices are often used to implement the splitting and combining operations of optical signals. By properly selecting the length and width of the multimode waveguide, the MMI device can copy the input optical signal into multiple identical images and couple these images to the output waveguides respectively. This feature allows the MMI device to be used as a beam splitter in QRNG, evenly distributing the optical signal to multiple measurement channels, thereby improving the generation rate and quality of random numbers.

[0041] It is worth noting that the application of single-mode waveguide 113 in QRNG also involves a series of complex process and design issues. For example, the width and thickness of the waveguide need to be optimized according to the specific application scenario and wavelength to ensure the stability and efficiency of single-mode transmission. In addition, the material selection, manufacturing process and integration method of the waveguide with other optical devices are also key factors affecting the performance of QRNG.

[0042] The bare fiber 114 refers to a physical optical fiber connection without additional transmission equipment. It does not have transmission capabilities by itself, but can achieve data transmission through the support of laser transmitters, receivers and other equipment. The main advantages of bare fiber 114 are its high flexibility and high bandwidth potential. Enterprises can independently choose transmission equipment and network architecture according to business needs to achieve personalized network deployment. In addition, bare fiber 114 is not restricted by data type, supports different transmission protocols and application requirements, and is particularly suitable for occasions requiring high bandwidth and long-distance transmission.

[0043] In the optical quantum random number generation system, the bare fiber 114 is mainly used to transmit the laser signal modulated by the quantum state. Specifically, the system first generates a continuous laser through a laser transmitter, and then uses a modulator to modulate the quantum state onto the laser. The modulated laser signal is transmitted to the receiving end of the quantum random number generator through the bare fiber 114. At the receiving end, a single photon detector and other equipment are used for measurement to obtain a random number.

[0044] Bare fiber 114 has the characteristics of low loss and high bandwidth during transmission, which can ensure the stable transmission of quantum state signals. At the same time, the flexibility of bare fiber 114 allows the system to be flexibly laid out and adjusted according to actual needs. In addition, bare fiber 114 also supports long-distance transmission, allowing optical quantum random number generation technology to be applied in a wider range of scenarios.

[0045] In practical applications, bare fiber 114 has been widely used in optical quantum random number generation technology. For example, in encrypted communications, random numbers generated by QRNG can effectively enhance the confidentiality of communications and resist various attacks. In the simulation process, high-quality random numbers generated by QRNG can improve the accuracy and credibility of simulation models. In addition, QRNG also shows great application potential in the fields of machine learning and optimization algorithms.

[0046] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the quantum random source module 100 further includes: a plurality of vacuum blockers 120, wherein the vacuum blockers 120 are disposed at ports corresponding to the light source unit 110, and the vacuum blockers 120 are configured to exclude states other than a vacuum state from the target light signal; The vacuum blockers 120 correspond one to one with the lasers 111 .

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vacuum blocker 120 directly blocks the port to physically exclude states other than the vacuum state, thereby ensuring that the measured state is a pure quantum state.

[0048] The main function of the vacuum blocker 120 is to physically block a port in a specific device, so as to exclude interference from other states during the measurement process and ensure that the measured state is a pure quantum state. Taking the vacuum state QRNG as an example, the vacuum blocker 120 is used to block a port of the beam splitter, thereby creating a pure vacuum state in the experiment.

[0049] The specific implementation method of vacuum state QRNG is to use a homodyne detector to perform orthogonal measurement of the vacuum state. The specific steps are: interfere the weak signal (vacuum state) and the strong laser beam (LO) on a 50:50 beam splitter, amplify the weak signal, and form two output beams with balanced power. LO is usually achieved by a 1550nm continuous wave fiber-coupled laser, while the vacuum state is achieved by physically blocking the other port of the beam splitter. After interference in the beam splitter, the two outputs of the beam splitter are measured by two carefully balanced and amplified photodetectors (photodiodes), which convert the input beam into current and pass through a subtractor. After that, the data is collected and stored at a certain sampling rate through a device such as an ADC or oscilloscope. The output differential current is proportional to the orthogonal amplitude of the vacuum state, thereby generating a random number sequence.

[0050] Due to the use of vacuum blocker 120, other states except vacuum state are physically excluded, ensuring the purity and randomness of the measurement. This technology enables vacuum state QRNG to provide absolutely unpredictable random numbers, thus having great application potential in the generation and protection of encryption keys, the reliability of scientific experiments and computational simulations, and the enhancement of computer hardware randomness.

[0051] The system comprises: The silicon-based chip module 200 is located in the emission direction of the target optical signal, and the silicon-based chip module 200 is configured to detect and sample the quantum state signal in the target optical signal to obtain a random number electrical signal. Specifically, in this embodiment, silicon is a good integration platform. Therefore, a silicon-based integrated quantum true random number generator can be used. A quantum true random number generator is realized based on a silicon-based integrated optical circuit. An integrated optical circuit refers to integrating discrete bulk optical devices, such as beam splitters, detectors, etc., on the same base to realize a micro-optical system with certain functions.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the silicon-based chip module 200 includes: A plurality of interference modules 210 are configured to stably process the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal. Specifically, in this embodiment, the interference module 210 realizes optical device integration, reduces device sluggishness, and improves stability.

[0053] Wherein, the interference module 210 includes: A multimode interferometer unit 211, wherein the multimode interferometer unit 211 is configured to perform interference processing on the target optical signal and the quantum state signal to obtain a first interference signal and a second interference signal, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the multimode interferometer unit 211 (Multimode Interferometer, MMI) is an optical device based on the self-image effect, which can form a specific interference pattern at the output end of the input multimode optical signal. In the optical quantum random number generation technology, the multimode interferometer unit 211 is used to realize the random interference of optical signals, thereby generating random numbers with quantum randomness.

[0054] Specifically, when a light signal enters the multimode interferometer unit 211, it undergoes multiple reflections and refractions inside the waveguide to form light signals of multiple modes. These modes interfere with each other inside the waveguide and eventually form a specific interference pattern at the output end. Due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, the interference process of the light signal has inherent randomness, so the output interference pattern also exhibits randomness.

[0055] In the optical quantum random number generation technology, the output end of the multimode interferometer unit 211 is usually connected to a photodetector. When the interference pattern is irradiated on the photodetector, it converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. After the electrical signal is amplified, filtered, sampled, etc., a random number sequence with quantum randomness can be obtained.

[0056] The application of the multi-mode interferometer unit 211 in the photon random number generation technology has significant advantages. First, since the interference process of the multi-mode interferometer unit 211 has inherent randomness, the generated random number sequence has real randomness and can meet the application scenarios with extremely high security requirements. Secondly, the multi-mode interferometer unit 211 has the characteristics of simple structure, easy integration and good stability, which makes the photon random number generation technology more convenient and reliable in practical applications.

[0057] In addition, the multimode interferometer unit 211 can also be combined with other optical elements to form a more complex and efficient optical quantum random number generation system. For example, the multimode interferometer unit 211 can be combined with optical amplifiers, optical filters, optical switches and other components to achieve a more flexible and controllable random number generation process. At the same time, by optimizing the design parameters of the multimode interferometer unit 211, such as waveguide width, length and refractive index, the quality and efficiency of random number generation can be further improved.

[0058] The interference module 210 also includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212 , which is configured to perform interference and coupling processing on the first interference signal to obtain a third interference signal, and send the third interference signal to the measurement module 220 ; the second interference signal is directly transmitted to the measurement module 220 .

[0059] The Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212 is an optical device based on the principle of light interference. It uses a beam splitter to split a beam of light into two beams, allowing them to propagate along different paths, and then recombined through another beam splitter. When the two beams of light are recombined, interference occurs, forming interference fringes of light and dark. However, in the framework of quantum mechanics, the particle nature (photon) and wave nature (light wave) of light coexist and show a certain degree of uncertainty. When a single photon passes through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212, its path selection (i.e., which path it passes through) is random, and this randomness is the basis for the generation of random numbers of light quanta.

[0060] In the photon random number generation technology, the specific application of Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212 usually involves the following key steps: Light source preparation: Use a single photon source to generate single photons, ensuring that each photon enters the interferometer independently and randomly. The choice of single photon source is critical to the purity and rate of random number generation.

[0061] Path selection: After entering the interferometer, the photons are split into two beams by the first beam splitter, each traveling along a different path. The lengths of these two paths can be precisely controlled to ensure that the photons can interfere when they are recombined.

[0062] Phase modulation: To introduce additional randomness, a phase modulator can be added to one of the paths, changing the interference pattern by changing the phase of the photons. The operation of the phase modulator can be based on an external random signal or a spontaneous process in quantum mechanics, thus ensuring that each measurement is random.

[0063] Interference measurement: The photons are recombined after passing through a second beam splitter, forming an interference pattern. The interference pattern is measured using a detector, which records the arrival position and intensity of the photons. Due to the randomness of the interference, the output of the detector will also be random.

[0064] Random number extraction: By processing and analyzing the detector output results, a random number sequence can be extracted. This step usually involves binarization of the measurement results (i.e. converting the results to 0 or 1), as well as possible error correction and redundancy removal.

[0065] The application of Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212 in the random number generation technology of optical quantum not only improves the generation rate and purity of random numbers, but also makes the generated random numbers truly random and secure due to its unpredictability based on the principles of quantum mechanics. This technology has broad application prospects in cryptography, encrypted communication, analog computing and other fields, and provides strong technical support for future information security and data processing.

[0066] The silicon-based chip module 200 further includes: A plurality of measurement modules 220, each of which is configured to perform differential measurement on the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal to obtain the random number electrical signal; The interference module 210 and the measurement module 220 correspond one to one.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the third interference signal and the second interference signal generated in the interference module 210 are differentially measured by the measurement module 220 .

[0068] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the measuring module 220 includes: A first SiGe-based diode 221, wherein the first SiGe-based diode 221 is connected to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 212, and the first SiGe-based diode 221 is configured to receive the third interference signal and convert the third interference signal into a first photoelectric signal; A second SiGe-based diode 222, the second SiGe-based diode 222 is connected to the multi-mode interferometer unit 211, and the second SiGe-based diode 222 is configured to receive the second interference signal and convert the second interference signal into a second photoelectric signal; The detector 223 is connected to the first SiGe-based diode 221 and the second SiGe-based diode 222 respectively, and is configured to perform differential measurement according to the first photoelectric signal and the second photoelectric signal to obtain the random number electrical signal.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the interference signal is photoelectrically converted by the first SiGe-based diode 221 and the second SiGe-based diode 222, and the detector 223 performs differential measurement on the photoelectrically converted signal to obtain the random number electrical signal.

[0070] The amplitude of the random number electrical signal is proportional to the orthogonal amplitude of the target light signal and the quantum state signal.

[0071] The system comprises: The post-processing module 300 is communicatively connected to the silicon-based chip module 200, and the post-processing module 300 is configured to perform signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection on the random number electrical signal in sequence to obtain a target random number. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the post-processing module 300 mainly implements tasks such as signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection, and its function is mainly to differentially amplify the weak photocurrent output by the chip to achieve analog-to-digital conversion and obtain a binary random number sequence.

[0072] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the post-processing module 300 includes: A plurality of differential amplification units 310, wherein the differential amplification units 310 are configured to perform differential amplification processing on the random number electrical signal to obtain the amplified electrical signal; A plurality of analog-to-digital conversion units 320, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion units 320 are configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion processing on the amplified electrical signal to obtain the target random number; The differential amplification unit 310 , the analog-to-digital conversion unit 320 and the measurement module 220 correspond one to one.

[0073] Specifically, in this embodiment, the random number electrical signal is correlated and processed in sequence by the differential amplifier unit 310 and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 320 to obtain the target random number.

[0074] The differential amplifier circuit (differential amplifier unit 310) is a dual-end input, single-end output amplifier, and its basic structure consists of two transistors (or operational amplifiers). The differential amplifier circuit amplifies the difference between two input signals and suppresses the common-mode signal. This differential input characteristic enables the differential amplifier circuit to effectively eliminate common-mode noise and interference signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.

[0075] The role of the differential amplifier circuit is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Power supply rejection ratio: The differential amplifier circuit has a strong ability to suppress power supply noise, which can reduce the impact of power supply noise on circuit performance.

[0076] Temperature stability: The differential amplifier circuit can offset the drift (temperature drift) caused by temperature changes and improve the temperature stability of the circuit.

[0077] Signal conversion: The differential amplifier circuit can convert the differential signal into a single-ended signal output, which is convenient for subsequent circuit processing.

[0078] This embodiment has the following advantages: This embodiment provides a highly integrated solution based on a silicon substrate, which is conducive to the miniaturization of devices. In this solution, the preparation and measurement of the quantum entropy source adopt pure physical devices, which are stable and durable. The optical path is multiplexed to realize the parallel measurement of quantum random numbers, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the generation of quantum true random numbers.

Claims

1. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate, characterized in that: The system comprises: A quantum random source module (100), the quantum random source module (100) being configured to amplify at least one input optical signal to obtain a target optical signal, wherein the target optical signal comprises a quantum state signal; A silicon-based chip module (200) located in the emission direction of the target optical signal, the silicon-based chip module (200) being configured to detect and sample the quantum state signal in the target optical signal to obtain a random number electrical signal; A post-processing module (300) is communicatively connected to the silicon-based chip module (200), wherein the post-processing module (300) is configured to sequentially perform signal analog-to-digital conversion and randomness detection on the random number electrical signal to obtain a target random number.

2. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum random source module (100) comprises: A light source unit (110), the light source unit (110) being configured to emit a light signal and to oscillate and amplify the light signal before it is emitted.

3. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light source unit (110) comprises: A plurality of lasers (111), wherein the lasers (111) are configured to emit the optical signal; A plurality of vertical grating couplers (112), wherein the vertical grating couplers (112) are configured to convert the propagation direction of the optical signal emitted by the laser (111) connected thereto into a preset propagation direction, and couple the quantum state signal into the optical signal to obtain the target optical signal; A plurality of single-mode waveguides (113), wherein the single-mode waveguides (113) are configured to cause the target optical signal to be incident on the silicon-based chip module (200); a plurality of bare fibers (114), wherein the bare fibers (114) are connected to corresponding lasers (111) and corresponding vertical grating couplers (112); The laser (111), the vertical grating coupler (112), the single-mode waveguide (113), and the bare fiber (114) correspond one to one.

4. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The quantum random source module (100) further comprises: a plurality of vacuum blockers (120), the vacuum blockers (120) being arranged at ports corresponding to the light source unit (110), the vacuum blockers (120) being configured to exclude states other than a vacuum state in the target light signal; The vacuum blockers (120) correspond one to one to the lasers (111).

5. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon-based chip module (200) comprises: A plurality of interference modules (210), wherein the interference modules (210) are configured to perform stable processing on the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal; A plurality of measurement modules (220), wherein the measurement modules (220) are configured to perform differential measurement on the corresponding target light signal and the quantum state signal to obtain the random number electrical signal; The interference module (210) and the measurement module (220) correspond one to one.

6. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The interference module (210) comprises: A multi-mode interferometer unit (211), the multi-mode interferometer unit (211) being configured to perform interference processing on the target light signal and the quantum state signal to obtain a first interference signal and a second interference signal respectively; A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (212), wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (212) is configured to perform interference and coupling processing on the first interference signal to obtain a third interference signal, and send the third interference signal to the measurement module (220); the second interference signal is directly transmitted to the measurement module (220).

7. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The measuring module (220) comprises: a first germanium silicon-based diode (221), the first germanium silicon-based diode (221) being connected to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (212), the first germanium silicon-based diode (221) being configured to receive the third interference signal and convert the third interference signal into a first photoelectric signal; a second germanium silicon-based diode (222), the second germanium silicon-based diode (222) being connected to the multi-mode interferometer unit (211), the second germanium silicon-based diode (222) being configured to receive the second interference signal and convert the second interference signal into a second photoelectric signal; A detector (223), the detector (223) being connected to the first germanium silicon-based diode (221) and the second germanium silicon-based diode (222) respectively, the detector (223) being configured to perform differential measurement based on the first photoelectric signal and the second photoelectric signal to obtain the random number electrical signal.

8. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The post-processing module (300) comprises: A plurality of differential amplification units (310), wherein the differential amplification units (310) are configured to perform differential amplification processing on the random number electrical signal to obtain an amplified electrical signal; A plurality of analog-to-digital conversion units (320), wherein the analog-to-digital conversion units (320) are configured to perform signal analog-to-digital conversion processing on the amplified electrical signal to obtain the target random number; The differential amplification unit (310), the analog-to-digital conversion unit (320), and the measurement module (220) correspond one to one.

9. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The type of the quantum random source module (100) is a continuous quantum light source.

10. A high-speed quantum true random number generation system based on a silicon substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The amplitude of the random number electrical signal is proportional to the orthogonal amplitude of the target light signal and the quantum state signal.

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