Modularized universal model for breast endoscopic surgery simulation and simulation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a modular universal model for breast endoscopic surgery simulation and a simulation method. The modular universal model comprises a thorax base body and a chest skin module detachably arranged on the thorax base body in a covering mode. The thorax base body comprises a cavity with an opening in the upper portion, and the chest skin module covers the opening. A mammary gland module is detachably arranged in the cavity; the mammary gland module comprises an accommodating part for placing / replacing the pathological module or in-vitro animal tissues; the outer side face of the chest skin module is provided with a plurality of operation holes allowing the endoscope to stretch in and conduct simulation surgery operation. The mammary gland module is provided with a side opening communicated with the operation hole; the system is flexible in design and high in modularization degree, each part can be independently replaced, a personalized training scheme can be provided, the training difficulty can be adjusted according to needs, and the training requirements of doctors of different levels are met; besides, each part can be independently replaced and maintained, so that the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, the service life of the model is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surgical training models, and in particular to a modular universal model and a simulation method for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the incidence of benign and malignant breast tumors in Chinese women has been increasing year by year, becoming a major challenge in the field of public health. Although traditional surgical methods can effectively remove tumors and save lives, they often leave obvious scars, seriously affecting the appearance of the breasts and having a negative impact on the patient's physical and mental health. Traditional axillary lymph node dissection is also very traumatic and may cause problems such as upper limb movement disorders and lymphedema after surgery. In order to improve these problems, the application of laparoscopic technology has become an important development direction.

[0003] Although breast laparoscopic surgery has become a new surgical method in breast surgery, and there have been significant innovations in theory and technology, its popularity in my country is still not high. The main reasons include high technical requirements, long learning curve, long surgical preparation and operation time, application limitations, poor economic benefits and insufficient promotion. For example, breast laparoscopic surgery has high requirements for technology and equipment. During the operation, it is necessary to master difficult laparoscopic techniques and fine surgical skills, which places high demands on the technical level of surgeons. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems and better promote the popularization and application of laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to introduce and optimize surgical simulation training models. Surgeons can practice laparoscopic surgical techniques in a simulated environment and gradually improve their skill levels. It can help doctors quickly master the key technologies of laparoscopic surgery, shorten the learning curve, and enable doctors to become familiar with surgical operations in a risk-free environment.

[0004] The existing breast laparoscopic surgery training models have the following defects: 1. The modular design of the existing models cannot accurately simulate the structures used in actual surgery, resulting in the inability to fully cover various anatomical variations and pathological conditions during training; 2. The inability to simulate various lesion types limits the diversity, pertinence and comprehensiveness of the training, and has poor adaptability; 3. The lack of versatility of different surgical models results in poor performance of the models in different types of breast surgeries; 4. There are difficulties in the individual maintenance and component replacement of the model. If a module is damaged or needs to be updated, it is often necessary to replace the entire model or perform complex maintenance work, which results in high costs.

[0005] Therefore, further research and development is needed to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation, which can customize lesions and infinitely replicate exercises. At the same time, it is convenient to flexibly replace pathology modules. After practice, damaged module structural components can be replaced individually without replacing the entire set, which effectively reduces costs. Flexible materials are used to simulate the texture of soft tissue operations, which is closer to the real surgical environment.

[0007] A second object of the present invention is to provide a simulation method of a modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery.

[0008] One of the purposes of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery, comprising a thoracic base for simulating the body position of a human body for laparoscopic surgery, and a chest skin module detachably covered on the thoracic base; the thoracic base comprises a cavity with an opening at the top, and the chest skin module is covered on the opening; a breast module simulating a human organ is detachably provided in the cavity; the breast module comprises a receiving portion for placing / replacing a pathology module or an ex vivo animal tissue; a plurality of operating holes are provided on the outer side of the chest skin module for allowing a laparoscope to extend into and perform simulated surgical operations; and the breast module is provided with a side opening connected to the operating holes.

[0010] It is further explained that the breast module is made of flexible material, and a plurality of connection holes are provided at intervals along the circumference of the breast module for limiting the pathology module or the ex vivo animal tissue through a connector to replace different pathology modules.

[0011] It is further explained that a thoracic base simulating the human sternum structure is detachably arranged in the cavity of the thoracic base; a connecting buckle is provided at the bottom of the breast module, and a connecting socket adapted to the connecting buckle is provided on the upper surface of the thoracic base; the breast module is detachably installed on the thoracic base through the cooperation between the connecting buckle and the connecting socket.

[0012] It is further explained that the connection buckle is extended transversely, and the connection socket is provided with a slot adapted to the middle part of the connection buckle; the connection buckle is transversely inserted into the slot and limited.

[0013] It is further explained that the thoracic base is detachably provided with a muscle module, a nerve module, and a blood vessel module for surgical simulation marking; the side of the thoracic base is provided with an installation groove for installing the muscle module, the nerve module, and the blood vessel module, and the muscle module, the nerve module, and the blood vessel module are respectively distributed in the installation groove by snap connection, adhesive connection or magnetic connection.

[0014] It is further explained that a connecting protrusion is provided on one side of the skin module, and a connecting groove which is inserted and matched with the connecting protrusion is provided on the opening edge of the thoracic base; the other side of the skin module is screwed and locked with the thoracic base by bolts.

[0015] It is further explained that the muscle module, nerve module and blood vessel module are respectively prepared by composite photosensitive materials.

[0016] It is further described that the composite photosensitive material includes the following components by weight: 70-80 parts of a basic photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of a filler, 1-5 parts of a plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of a photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of a modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of a colorant;

[0017] And prepared by the following steps:

[0018] Batching steps: weigh the basic photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the proportion and set aside;

[0019] Mixing steps: first pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and gradually add the filler into the base photosensitive resin to ensure uniform mixing; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, colorant in sequence, and stir evenly;

[0020] Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print;

[0021] Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV light curing device for curing, and polish and finish the model to complete the production.

[0022] The second object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0023] A simulation method using the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation as described above, wherein the pathology module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom or a glandular tissue phantom; the simulated surgical operation includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: placing the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connecting and fixing the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through a connector, and marking the target area;

[0025] Step 2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the breast module through the operation hole to explore and find the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue;

[0026] Step 3: using a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue;

[0027] Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, the side opening of the breast module is simulatedly sutured using a simulated surgical suturing tool, and the surgical simulation operation is completed.

[0028] Further, in step 1, breast laparoscopic skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation are performed before placing the tumor phantom, including the following steps:

[0029] Step 1-1: placing lymph node targets in the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and marking them accordingly;

[0030] Step 1-2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the thoracic matrix through the operation hole to perform laparoscopic exploration to find the target lymph node;

[0031] Step 1-3: simulate surgery to remove several lymph nodes, place them in specimen bags, take them out, and the simulated surgery is completed.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The modular breast laparoscopic surgery model of the present invention is flexible in design and highly modularized. Each part can be replaced separately. On the one hand, it can adapt to different training needs. Different modules can be flexibly replaced and configured according to different training needs to adapt to different surgical scenarios and complexities. It can also provide personalized training programs. The training difficulty can be adjusted as needed, including adding complex simulation scenarios, such as bleeding, to meet the training needs of doctors at different levels. On the other hand, it is easy to make and replace modularly. Parts damaged during training can be easily replaced without replacing the entire model. In addition, each part can be replaced and maintained separately, which not only greatly reduces the maintenance cost, but also extends the service life of the model. Compared with traditional surgical training models, the maintenance cost is reduced by 2 / 3, and the cost-effectiveness is significant.

[0034] 2. Furthermore, the modular design of the training model facilitates technology updating and expansion. New lesion modules or surgical scenario modules can be designed to be integrated into the existing model, ensuring that the training model keeps pace with the latest medical technology and enhancing its effectiveness in medical education and training. By providing different surgical scenarios and lesion modules, the actual surgical environment can be better simulated, allowing surgeons to train under conditions closer to reality, improving their surgical skills and clinical response capabilities, and having strong practicality.

[0035] 3. The present invention has a simple structural design, and each module is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the module replacement is simplified, and the operability is strong. The connection hole design around the breast module allows different pathology modules to be fixed in the accommodating part through standardized connectors. For example, a protruding structure adapted to its connection hole can be designed on the standard designed pathology module, so that the replaced pathology module can be quickly replaced and installed directly through the limited cooperation between the protruding structure and the connection hole. Each pathology module can be accurately positioned inside the breast module to meet different training needs. The resection of a breast tumor can be simulated in one training cycle, and the treatment of a cyst can be simulated in another cycle, which provides rich content for training.

[0036] Furthermore, the standardized design of the connection holes and connectors enables various pathology modules to be seamlessly connected to the breast module, and can be efficiently installed, disassembled and replaced, thus improving replacement efficiency. Moreover, real animal tissues can be directly used, and the simulated fixation of animal tissues can be completed by selectively threading through the connection holes, making the training process closer to actual operations and helping surgeons better prepare to face the challenges of real surgeries.

[0037] The snap-on quick assembly structure of the breast module also facilitates the disassembly of the breast module, which is beneficial for the cleaning and maintenance of the breast module. It can also simulate the replacement of breast modules with different pathological conditions at any time according to the actual situation of the patient, which is more targeted.

[0038] 4. Each module of the present invention is customized with flexible materials and standardized. It is customized according to different simulated tissue characteristics by combining soft and hard photosensitive resin, which is closer to the simulated soft tissue operation texture. The surface quality and accuracy of the model are further improved by combining printing and light curing processes. The precise ingredients and mixing steps, combined with efficient 3D printing and curing processes, ensure high-precision printing and detail reproduction, and enhance the real visual effect. By simulating the real soft tissue touch in training, the real tactile feedback can enhance the surgeon's perception of different tissues, enabling them to better understand the physical properties and operation requirements of different tissues. At the same time, the model can be produced quickly and maintain consistent quality, further improving the economy and efficiency of production;

[0039] 5. The simulation method of the present invention is a customized training method combined with a modular model. Through the systematic simulation steps and the application of multiple pathology modules, the comprehensiveness, authenticity and pertinence of surgical training are significantly improved:

[0040] By placing a tumor phantom in the receiving part of the breast module and marking it, a training environment for specific lesions can be accurately created, allowing surgeons to train for different types of tumors and improve their ability to identify and treat lesions in real operations; by placing the pathology module in the receiving part of the breast module and fixing it through connectors and connecting holes, the steps of marking the target area enable trainees to clearly identify the surgical goals and improve the accuracy of the operation; the laparoscope is inserted into the breast module through the operation hole for exploration, simulating a real laparoscopic surgical environment, completing paper cutting, bean clipping, object transfer, and suturing, which is conducive to promoting the clinical transfer of skills; the space design inside the breast module allows the laparoscope to move freely, which helps trainees master the scope and accuracy of laparoscopic exploration; the customized surgical simulation training method is closely combined with the structural characteristics of the model to improve the overall surgical simulation training effect;

[0041] 6. The breast module of the present invention is made of flexible hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic material allows the model to be used in conjunction with in vitro animal tissue to complete breast tumor resection and axillary lymph node biopsy and clearance under highly simulated scenarios with strong flexibility. Modular design and customized surgical simulation training can quickly adapt to different surgical scenarios and pathological types to meet different simulation training needs. It has excellent performance such as strong versatility, low cost, quick disassembly and assembly, and easy updating, providing an advanced and efficient tool for medical training. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation omitting the skin module in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation in Example 1 of the present invention, omitting the skin module and the thymus module;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the skin module of the modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thymus module of the modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thymus module of the modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a reference diagram of the overall structure of the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a reference diagram of the actual state of the local structure of the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation in Example 1 of the present invention, omitting the skin module.

[0050] In the figure:

[0051] 1. Thoracic matrix; 11. Chamber; 12. Opening; 13. Thoracic base; 131. Connecting socket; 1311. Slot; 132. Mounting groove; 14. Connecting groove; 2. Skin module; 21. Operating hole; 22. Connecting protrusion; 3. Breast module; 31. Accommodating part; 32. Side opening; 33. Connecting hole; 34. Connecting buckle; 4. Muscle module; 5. Nerve module; 6. Blood vessel module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and advantages of the invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific structure and characteristics of the present invention are described below by way of example, which should not constitute any limitation to the present invention. At the same time, any of the following technical features mentioned (including implicit or disclosed), as well as any technical features directly displayed or implied in the figure, can continue to be arbitrarily combined or deleted between these technical features, so as to form more other embodiments that may not be directly or indirectly mentioned in the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are given in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly and comprehensively understood.

[0053] It should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present invention shown in a number of different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, structure, shape, and proportion of various elements, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery, including a thoracic base 1 for simulating the body position of human laparoscopic surgery, and a chest skin module 2 detachably covered on the thoracic base 1; the thoracic base 1 includes a chamber 11 with an opening 12 at the top, and the chest skin module 2 covers the opening 12; a breast module 3 simulating a human organ is detachably provided in the chamber 11; the breast module 3 includes a accommodating portion 31 for placing / replacing a pathology module; the outer side of the chest skin module 2 is provided with a plurality of operating holes 21 for the laparoscope to extend into and perform simulated surgical operations; the breast module 3 is provided with a side opening 32 connected to the operating hole 21.

[0056] In this embodiment, the thoracic base is designed to simulate the human body position, 1 provides a body position for simulating human laparoscopic surgery, and the internal space of the breast module 3 allows laparoscopic operation. At the same time, through the detachable module design, various real surgical scenarios can be created. Among them, the breast module 3 can be detachably installed in the chamber 11, and the breast module 3 is provided with a receiving portion 31 for placing / replacing the pathology module. The pathology module can be replaced as needed to achieve training for various lesions and improve the pertinence and flexibility of the simulation. The design of the operating hole 21 and the side opening 32 realizes the precise operation of the laparoscope and the effective treatment of the lesion site.

[0057] In addition, unlike traditional surgical simulation training, a plurality of operation holes 21 are provided on the skin module 2 to simulate the size and orientation of laparoscope operation, and the aperture is closer to the real surgical scenario.

[0058] The overall structural design provides a comprehensive surgical simulation environment, including realistic body position simulation, laparoscopic operation path, and lesion treatment methods. This design not only improves the comprehensiveness and authenticity of the training, but also enables trainees to improve their skills in a close-to-real operating environment and prepare to deal with complex situations in actual surgery.

[0059] In one optional embodiment, the breast module 3 is made of a flexible material, and a plurality of connection holes 33 for limiting the pathology module through a connector are provided at intervals along the periphery of the breast module 3 to replace different pathology modules. Further refinement, in this embodiment, the flexible material can be a transparent silicone material, or other flexible materials, such as a photosensitive resin material. The hydrophobic material allows the model to be used in conjunction with in vitro animal tissues to complete breast tumor resection and axillary lymph node biopsy and clearance in a highly simulated situation, with strong flexibility.

[0060] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the breast module 3 is provided with a plurality of connection holes 33 for limiting the pathology module through a connection piece at intervals along its circumference, so as to replace different pathology modules. The advantage of such a design is that different pathology modules can be fixed in the accommodation portion through standardized connection pieces. For example, a protrusion structure adapted to its connection hole can be designed on a standard designed pathology module, so that the replaced pathology module can be quickly replaced and installed directly through the limiting cooperation between the protrusion structure and the connection hole. Each pathology module can be accurately positioned inside the breast module to meet different training needs. The resection of a breast tumor can be simulated in one training cycle, and the treatment of a cyst can be simulated in another cycle, which provides rich content for training.

[0061] Furthermore, the standardized design of connecting holes and connectors enables various pathology modules to be seamlessly connected to the breast module, and can be efficiently installed, disassembled and replaced, thereby improving replacement efficiency. Moreover, real animal tissues can also be used directly, and the simulated fixation of animal tissues can be completed by only selectively threading them through the connecting holes, making the training process closer to actual operations and helping surgeons better prepare to face the challenges in real operations.

[0062] In one of the optional embodiments, a thoracic base 13 simulating the human sternum structure is detachably arranged in the cavity 11 of the thoracic base 1; a connecting buckle 34 is provided at the bottom of the breast module 3, and a connecting socket 131 adapted to the connecting buckle 34 is provided on the upper surface of the thoracic base 13; the breast module 3 is detachably mounted on the thoracic base 13 through the cooperation between the connecting buckle 34 and the connecting socket 131.

[0063] In one of the optional embodiments, the connection buckle 34 is extended transversely, and the connection socket 131 is provided with a slot 1311 adapted to the middle of the connection buckle; the connection buckle is transversely inserted into the slot 1311 and limited.

[0064] In this embodiment, the snap-on quick assembly structure of the breast module also facilitates the disassembly of the breast module, which is beneficial for the cleaning and maintenance of the breast module. It can also simulate the replacement of breast modules with different pathological conditions at any time according to the actual situation of the patient, which is more targeted. In addition, the connecting buckle is a horizontal card insertion, which uses the upward arc protection of the thoracic base, does not put pressure on the thoracic base, damages its structure, and is easy to install.

[0065] The breast module 3 provides good fixing stability through the cooperation of the E-type buckle and the slot, which avoids the module from shifting or loosening during use. At the same time, the cooperation between the limiting protrusion 1312 and the limiting hole 341 increases the safety of installation and reduces the risk of accidents during operation. Therefore, the module can be quickly disassembled and assembled. The buckle-type quick assembly structure makes the installation and disassembly of the breast module easier and faster. Trainers or technicians do not need to use complex tools or perform tedious operations. In addition, the simulation content can be quickly adjusted according to the training requirements or the specific conditions of the patient. Different pathology modules (such as tumor phantoms, cyst phantoms, etc.) can be quickly replaced to simulate different pathological conditions, providing more targeted training, which not only improves the versatility of the simulator, but also enhances its application value in actual surgical training.

[0066] In one optional embodiment, the thoracic base 13 is detachably provided with a muscle module 4, a nerve module 5, and a blood vessel module 6 for surgical simulation marking; the side of the thoracic base 13 is provided with a mounting groove 132 for mounting the muscle module 4, the nerve module 5, and the blood vessel module 6, and the muscle module 4, the nerve module 5, and the blood vessel module 6 are respectively distributed in the mounting groove 132 by snap connection, adhesive connection, or magnetic connection. This design can simulate different anatomical structures of the human body, including muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Trainers can select and install corresponding modules according to specific training needs, thereby achieving detailed simulation of different anatomical parts, and can also adjust the training difficulty, which is convenient to operate.

[0067] In one optional embodiment, a connecting protrusion 22 is provided on one side of the skin module 2, and a connecting groove 14 is provided on the edge of the opening 12 of the thoracic base 1 for inserting and fitting with the connecting protrusion 22; the other side of the skin module 2 is screwed and locked with the thoracic base 13 by bolts.

[0068] In this embodiment, the detachable muscle module 4, nerve module 5, and blood vessel module 6 of the thoracic base 13, combined with different connection methods (such as snap, adhesive or magnetic connection), allow quick and convenient installation and replacement, thereby realizing the simulation of different anatomical structures and meeting diverse training needs; at the same time, the stable fixed design of the skin module 2 (through plug-in fitting and bolt locking) enhances the stability and safety of operation, simplifies the installation and disassembly process of the equipment, and the overall design can be quickly adapted and deployed in different training scenarios, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and efficiency of training.

[0069] In one optional embodiment, the muscle module 4, the nerve module 5, and the blood vessel module 6 are respectively made of composite photosensitive materials.

[0070] In one optional embodiment, the composite photosensitive material includes the following components by weight: 70-80 parts of a base photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of a filler, 1-5 parts of a plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of a photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of a modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of a colorant;

[0071] And prepared by the following steps:

[0072] Batching steps: weigh the basic photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the proportion and set aside;

[0073] Mixing steps: first pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and gradually add the filler into the base photosensitive resin to ensure uniform mixing; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, colorant in sequence, and stir evenly;

[0074] Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print;

[0075] Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV light curing device for curing, and polish and finish the model to complete the production.

[0076] Further, the composite photosensitive material includes the following components by weight: 75 parts of base photosensitive resin, 12 parts of filler, 3 parts of plasticizer, 1 part of photoinitiator, 2 parts of modifier, and 1 part of colorant;

[0077] In the above preparation process, the clean mixing container can be a container purchased according to the prior art. During the stirring operation, the stirring speed is 500-800rpm / min, and the stirring time is 15-30min, so as to facilitate complete mixing of the components; the three-dimensional model is designed using methods and software in the prior art, and the parameters and working principles of the 3D printing equipment can refer to the prior art, and the printing operation can be performed at room temperature; the printing rate is 20-50mm / s.

[0078] In the curing and finishing step, a UV curing device with a wavelength of 365-405nm is selected, and the curing time is 15-30 minutes; in this way, the appropriate wavelength and curing time of the UV light curing device can ensure the complete curing of the photosensitive resin, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the model.

[0079] The grinding and finishing operation can be to use sandpaper (such as 1000-2000 mesh) to grind the surface of the cured model to remove possible surface defects, ensure the smooth surface of the model, improve the appearance and touch of the model, and make it more in line with actual application requirements.

[0080] Further, in one of the optional embodiments, the weighed components are 75 parts of a basic photosensitive resin, 12 parts of a filler, 3 parts of a plasticizer, 1 part of a photoinitiator, 2 parts of a modifier, and 1 part of a colorant. Among the optional components, the photosensitive resin can be one of an acrylate resin or an epoxy acrylate resin, which has good photosensitivity and formability, and provides excellent mechanical strength and chemical resistance; the filler can be one of silica, talcum powder, and calcium carbonate, which improves the mechanical strength and stability of the material, and improves the fluidity and filling effect of the material; the plasticizer is an epoxy plasticizer, so that the prepared module has excellent chemical resistance and heat resistance; the photoinitiator can be benzoyl chloride, which is more suitable for the needs of deep photocuring; the modifier can be a reactive resin modifier such as a reactive acrylate, acrylic vinyl ether, etc., which enhances the hardness, weather resistance and adhesion of the resin and improves its processing performance; the colorant can be a colorant that provides visual effects of different colors as required.

[0081] Each module of the present invention is customized with flexible materials and manufactured in a standardized manner. It is customized according to different simulated tissue characteristics through the combination of soft and hard photosensitive resins, which is closer to simulating the soft tissue operation texture. Combined with the printing and light curing process, the surface quality and accuracy of the model are further improved. The precise ingredients and mixing steps, combined with the efficient 3D printing and curing process, ensure high-precision printing and detail reproduction, and enhance the real visual effect. By simulating the real soft tissue touch during training, the real tactile feedback can enhance the surgeon's perception of different tissues, enabling them to better understand the physical properties and operation requirements of different tissues; at the same time, the model can be produced quickly and maintain consistent quality, further improving the economy and efficiency of production.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment 2 provides a simulation method for the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation described in the above embodiment 1, wherein the pathology module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom or a glandular tissue phantom; the simulated surgical operation includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 1: placing the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connecting and fixing the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through a connector, and marking the target area;

[0085] Step 2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the breast module through the operation hole to explore and find the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue;

[0086] Step 3: using a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue;

[0087] Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, the side opening of the breast module is simulatedly sutured using a simulated surgical suturing tool, and the surgical simulation operation is completed.

[0088] Further, in step 1, breast laparoscopic skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation are performed before placing the tumor phantom, including the following steps:

[0089] Step 1-1: placing lymph node targets in the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and marking them accordingly;

[0090] Step 1-2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the thoracic matrix through the operation hole to perform laparoscopic exploration to find the target lymph node;

[0091] Step 1-3: simulate surgery to remove several lymph nodes, place them in specimen bags, take them out, and the simulated surgery is completed.

[0092] The simulation method of the present invention is a customized training method combined with a modular model. Through systematic simulation steps and the application of multiple pathology modules, the comprehensiveness, authenticity and pertinence of surgical training are significantly improved: by placing a tumor phantom in the receiving part of the breast module and marking it, a training environment for specific lesions can be accurately created, allowing surgeons to train for different types of tumors and improve their ability to identify and treat lesions in real operations; by placing the pathology module in the receiving part of the breast module and fixing it through connectors and connecting holes, the step of marking the target area enables the trainee to clearly define the surgical goal and improve the operation accuracy; the laparoscope is extended into the breast module through the operation hole for exploration, simulating a real laparoscopic surgical environment, and the space design inside the breast module allows the laparoscope to move freely, which helps the trainee to master the range and accuracy of laparoscopic exploration; the customized surgical simulation training method is closely combined with the structural characteristics of the model to improve the overall surgical simulation training effect.

[0093] In addition to the above-mentioned surgical scenario simulation training of the present invention, the universal model of the present invention can also be used in surgical simulation training such as basic laparoscopic skills operation, lymph biopsy, lymph node separation, etc. It has strong versatility and can be fixed by the cooperation of connecting parts such as threading and connecting holes.

[0094] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery, characterized in that: It comprises a thoracic base for simulating the body position of human laparoscopic surgery, and a chest skin module detachably covered on the thoracic base; the thoracic base comprises a cavity with an opening at the top, and the chest skin module is covered on the opening; a breast module simulating a human organ is detachably provided in the cavity; the breast module comprises a accommodating portion for placing a pathological module or an ex vivo animal tissue; a plurality of operating holes are provided on the outer side of the chest skin module for the laparoscope to extend into and perform simulated surgical operations; the breast module is provided with a side opening connected to the operating holes.

2. The modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breast module is made of flexible material, and a plurality of connection holes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the breast module for limiting the pathology module or the ex vivo animal tissue through a connector to replace different pathology modules.

3. The modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that: A thorax base simulating the human sternum structure is detachably arranged in the cavity of the thorax base; a connecting buckle is provided at the bottom of the breast module, and a connecting socket matched with the connecting buckle is provided on the upper surface of the thorax base; the breast module is detachably mounted on the thorax base through the cooperation between the connecting buckle and the connecting socket.

4. The modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connection buckle is extended transversely, and the connection base is provided with a slot adapted to the middle of the connection buckle; the connection buckle is transversely inserted into the slot and limited.

5. The modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thoracic base is detachably provided with a muscle module, a nerve module, and a blood vessel module for surgical simulation markings; the side of the thoracic base is provided with an installation groove for installing the muscle module, the nerve module, and the blood vessel module, and the muscle module, the nerve module, and the blood vessel module are respectively distributed in the installation groove by snap connection, adhesive connection or magnetic connection.

6. The modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the skin module is provided with a connecting protrusion, and the opening edge of the thoracic base is provided with a connecting groove that is plug-fitted with the connecting protrusion; the other side of the skin module is screw-locked and connected to the thoracic base by bolts.

7. The modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The muscle module, nerve module and blood vessel module are respectively prepared by composite photosensitive materials.

8. The modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composite photosensitive material comprises the following components by weight: 70-80 parts of a basic photosensitive resin, 10-15 parts of a filler, 1-5 parts of a plasticizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of a photoinitiator, 0.5-3 parts of a modifier, and 0.5-1.5 parts of a colorant; And prepared by the following steps: Batching steps: weigh the basic photosensitive resin, filler, plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, and colorant according to the proportion and set aside; Mixing steps: first pour the base photosensitive resin into a clean mixing container, and gradually add the filler into the base photosensitive resin to ensure uniform mixing; then add the plasticizer, photoinitiator, modifier, colorant in sequence, and stir evenly; Model making steps: Use software to design a 3D model, pour the mixed powder into the 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing parameters and print; Curing and finishing steps: Place the model in a UV light curing device for curing, and polish and finish the model to complete the production.

9. A simulation method using the modular universal model for breast laparoscopic surgery simulation according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The pathology module includes a tumor phantom, a cyst phantom or a glandular tissue phantom; the simulated surgical operation includes the following steps: Step 1: placing the tumor phantom into the receiving part of the breast module, and connecting and fixing the tumor phantom to the matching connection hole through a connector, and marking the target area; Step 2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the breast module through the operation hole to explore and find the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue; Step 3: using a surgical simulation resection tool to simulate the resection of the target tumor phantom space-occupying tissue; Step 4: After completing the simulated excision, the side opening of the breast module is simulatedly sutured using a simulated surgical suturing tool, and the surgical simulation operation is completed.

10. A method for simulating a modular universal model for simulating breast laparoscopic surgery according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 1, breast laparoscopic skills training and lymph node biopsy simulation are performed before placing the tumor phantom, including the following steps: Step 1-1: placing lymph node targets in the thoracic matrix according to the surgical environment and marking them accordingly; Step 1-2: Use a laparoscope to extend into the thoracic matrix through the operation hole to perform laparoscopic exploration to find the target lymph node; Step 1-3: simulate surgery to remove several lymph nodes, place them in specimen bags, take them out, and the simulated surgery is completed.

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