Color photovoltaic module based on photonic crystal coating technology and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a colored photovoltaic module based on a photonic crystal coating technology and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, nano monodisperse spheres with an organic structure coated with an inorganic structure are creatively prepared, meanwhile, the high-temperature-resistant organic-inorganic hybrid prime coat with a short-chain anchoring entanglement structure is adopted, and the two structures are perfectly matched to obtain a photonic crystal structure which can resist high temperature and strong illumination for a long time and has strong mechanical properties; the device is especially suitable for color photovoltaic use in a harsh environment. The colored photovoltaic module obtained by the invention has gorgeous metallic luster texture and can realize the characteristic of changing colors along with angles, and compared with a traditional colored photovoltaic module, the electric efficiency of the power generation module is higher, and the requirement of personalized building colored photovoltaic integration can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and in particular relates to a color photovoltaic component based on photonic crystal coating technology and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's photovoltaic technology and industry, the demand for color photovoltaics is also increasing, becoming an important part of building photovoltaic integration. Building photovoltaic integration refers to the use of photovoltaic power generation products as building materials or components, that is, photovoltaic building materials, in buildings.

[0003] Traditional color photovoltaics are mainly prepared through multi-layer composites of colored glass, colored encapsulation glue, colored textured film, etc., and their single color characteristics cannot meet the increasingly personalized architectural design needs. Photonic crystal technology is a technology derived from nature. For example, photonic crystal structures can be observed on the surfaces of opals, peacock feathers, butterfly wings, etc. in nature. This periodic arrangement of nanostructures can achieve the regulation of photon propagation. The three-dimensional photonic crystal structure can better show the optical characteristics of changing color with angles, and the colors are bright and have a unique metallic texture. Therefore, introducing photonic crystal technology into the color photovoltaic industry can greatly expand the color characteristics of color photovoltaic products, so that this technology derived from nature can be redefined and return to nature again. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a color photovoltaic module based on photonic crystal coating technology and a preparation method thereof. The present invention innovatively prepares nano monodisperse spheres with inorganic structures encapsulating organic structures, and at the same time adopts an organic-inorganic hybrid primer that is resistant to high temperatures and has a short-chain anchored entanglement structure. The two structures are perfectly matched to obtain a photonic crystal structure that can withstand high temperatures and strong light for a long time and has strong mechanical properties, which is particularly suitable for color photovoltaic use in harsh environments. The color photovoltaic module obtained by the present invention has a gorgeous metallic luster and texture, and can achieve the characteristic of changing color with angles. Compared with traditional color photovoltaic modules, its power generation components have higher electrical efficiency and can meet the needs of personalized architectural color photovoltaic integration.

[0005] The preparation method of the color photovoltaic module based on the photonic crystal coating technology is as follows: the photonic crystal plate, the encapsulation film, the power generation component, the encapsulation film, and the bottom plate are sequentially stacked and then hot pressed; the photonic crystal plate is sequentially coated with a base coating, a photonic crystal coating, and a photonic crystal protective coating on a colorless and transparent tempered glass panel or a plastic plate. The thickness of the photonic crystal coating is 1-20 μm. The thicker the photonic crystal coating, the brighter the color of the obtained color photovoltaic module, and vice versa.

[0006] The preparation method of the primer layer is as follows: degreasing and dust removal operations are performed on a colorless and transparent tempered glass panel or plastic plate, and then a primer coating liquid is applied, and the primer layer is obtained after drying; the primer coating liquid contains 2-20wt% of a silicon hybrid resin containing active groups with aromatic hydrocarbons as the main body. The active group is one or more of alkynyl, vinyl, silicon-chloride bond, and silicon hydroxyl group. The solvent selected for preparing the primer coating liquid is one or more of ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, n-hexane, n-butyl ether, petroleum ether, and phenyl ether.

[0007] The preparation method of the photonic crystal coating is as follows: coating a photonic crystal coating liquid on a base coating layer, and obtaining the photonic crystal coating after drying; the photonic crystal coating liquid contains 10-50wt% of monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres.

[0008] The solvent in the photonic crystal coating liquid is selected from one or more of water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, tetrahydrofuran, formamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0009] The monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres are core-shell structures with polymer microspheres as cores and inorganic materials as shells, and the ratio of the radius of the core to the thickness of the shell is 1:0.5-1. The particle size of the monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres is 150-350nm, and the monodispersity index PDI is less than 0.05. As the particle size of the monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres gradually increases, the color of the obtained photonic crystal coating gradually shifts to red, and vice versa.

[0010] The preparation method of the monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres is: (1) Adding an initiator, a monomer, an emulsifier and deionized water into a reactor, wherein the mass concentration of the monomer is 2-50%, the amount of the initiator added is 0.2-5% of the mass of the monomer, and the amount of the emulsifier added is 0.1-5% of the mass of the monomer; heating to 75-90°C, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours, then dripping a silane coupling agent into the reactor, wherein the amount of the silane coupling agent added is 1-10% of the mass of the monomer, and the dripping time is 2-4 hours; after the dripping is completed, continuing to heat and react for 1-2 hours, cooling, filtering and removing impurities, and obtaining a polymer microsphere emulsion; (2) dissolving the silane ester in an alcohol solvent to prepare a silane ester solution having a mass content of 20-50%; (3) At room temperature, the silane ester solution and the catalyst are added dropwise to the polymer microsphere emulsion within 1-3 hours, with the mass ratio of the silane ester to the polymer microsphere being 4-25:1; after the addition is completed, the reaction is continued with stirring for 5-8 hours, filtered, and washed to obtain monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres.

[0011] The initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate.

[0012] The monomer is one or more of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate.

[0013] The emulsifier is one or more of allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate, allyloxy decyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate sodium, allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate sodium, and vinyl sulfonate sodium.

[0014] The silane coupling agent is one or more of vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl tri (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyl triisopropoxy silane, methyl vinyl dimethoxy silane, methyl vinyl diethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl methyl diethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, and methacryloxypropyl triethoxy silane.

[0015] The catalyst is one or more of ammonia water, triethylamine, and sodium hydroxide; the silane ester is one or more of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate, and butyl orthosilicate; the alcohol solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol.

[0016] The preparation method of the photonic crystal protective coating is as follows: coating a photonic crystal protective layer coating liquid on the photonic crystal coating, and obtaining a transparent and strong photonic crystal protective coating after curing; the photonic crystal protective layer coating liquid is a 5-40wt% organic film-forming resin solution, and the solvent used is one or more of water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-octane, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate.

[0017] The organic film-forming resin is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin system, phenolic resin system, polyurethane resin system, polyester resin system, acrylic resin system, epoxy acrylic resin system or polyurethane acrylate system.

[0018] The coating method is spin coating, slit coating, roller coating, inkjet, spray coating or flow coating.

[0019] The inkjet is a piezoelectric inkjet.

[0020] The spraying is low-pressure and low-flow spraying; the atomization pressure is 5-30Kpa, and the flow rate is 1-20mL / min.

[0021] The packaging film is polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polyolefin elastomer (POE) film.

[0022] The power generation component is a monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon solar cell component.

[0023] The bottom plate is tempered glass or an organic composite film, and the organic composite film is a polyvinyl fluoride composite film (TPT), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) film, a fluoropolymer composite film (BBF), a polyamide composite film (APE) or an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The main structure of the primer layer of the present invention is an aromatic cross-linked structure, which is heat-resistant and solvent-resistant after curing (can withstand high temperatures above 300°C). At the same time, the resin adopts an addition curing method with small shrinkage and good mechanical properties. At the same time, it also has a large number of groups that can be well bridged, ensuring that the photonic crystal structure on the primer layer has a good mechanical property foundation.

[0025] (2) The photonic crystal coating of the present invention is a three-dimensional photonic crystal structure. The present invention introduces the "physical" structural color of photonic crystals into photovoltaic structural components, so that the originally monotonous photovoltaic components have rich and diverse colors. The photonic crystal structure is different from the chemical color principle of "selective absorption". It is based on the principle of "selective reflection", that is, the corresponding color is reflected through the photon bandgap effect. Therefore, most of the natural light energy is absorbed by the photovoltaic device, resulting in visually colored photovoltaic components of the same color. Photovoltaic components using photonic crystals to produce colors have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than traditional chemical color photovoltaic components. The color-producing mechanism of chemical colors lies in the color-developing groups or structures of different chemical substances, which are easily bleached and faded by light. Photonic crystals are physical structural colors. As long as the structure is not destroyed, their color will be stable and will not fade.

[0026] (3) The photonic crystal coating liquid of the present invention has monodispersity and a particle size distribution D 100 Less than 500nm, meeting the strict requirements of inkjet printing, spraying and other printing methods on particle size. Both inkjet printing and spraying methods can achieve a utilization rate of more than 80% for raw materials. For special photonic crystal raw materials, efficient material utilization is the key focus of its industrialization.

[0027] (4) The purpose of applying the photonic crystal protective coating is to quantitatively deposit an organic film-forming resin on the surface of the three-dimensional photonic crystal coating. Through the dissolution of the film-forming resin by the solvent in the photonic crystal protective coating coating liquid, after the film-forming resin protective liquid is quantitatively processed and coated on the surface of the three-dimensional photonic crystal coating, the photonic crystal protective coating coating liquid can fill the three-dimensional photonic crystal structure through the gaps between the microspheres in the face-centered cubic structure of the photonic crystal. During the filling process, the photonic crystal protective coating coating liquid expels air, and as the solvent in the coating liquid evaporates, a uniform, dense, colorful, transparent film is gradually formed, thereby achieving the bonding and protection of the nano-microspheres in the three-dimensional photonic crystal structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a SEM photo of the cross section of a photonic crystal glass sample.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the reflection spectrum of the red photonic crystal glass sample made of 300nm photonic crystal microspheres. The curves from right to left correspond to the reflection spectrum curves at test angles of 180°, 170°, 160°, 150°, 140°, 130°, and 120° respectively.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a light transmittance curve of a green photonic crystal glass plate. Four test points were randomly selected during the test.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a digital photo of a photonic crystal color photovoltaic module sample obtained by hot pressing a green photonic crystal tempered glass plate, EVA film, a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic power generation module, EVA film, and a TPT black base plate.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a digital photo of color photovoltaic module samples with three color effects of red, green and blue. From left to right, they are photonic crystal glass plates made using red, green and blue photonic crystal microspheres, and then the photonic crystal glass plates, EVA films, single-crystal silicon photovoltaic power generation modules, EVA films, and TPT black base plates are hot-pressed to obtain three-color photonic crystal color photovoltaic module samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Example 1 Primer resin: 100mL three-necked flask, equipped with electromagnetic stirring, reflux condenser, joint with piston, nitrogen balloon and turn-over stopper. Vacuum and fill with nitrogen three times to deoxygenate, add triethynylphenylbenzene (0.945g, 2.5mmol), 15mL of dried tetrahydrofuran, cool to -30℃, slowly add n-butyl lithium (5mmol, 2.5mol / L n-hexane solution), the solution gradually turns green and turbid with the addition of butyl lithium. The mixed solution continues to stir for 3 hours, then diethoxydichlorosilane (0.47g, 2.5mmol, Hubei Chengfeng Chemical Co., Ltd.) is slowly added dropwise, and gradually turns into a yellow transparent solution after addition. The reaction is heated to room temperature and the reaction is continued for 12 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is extracted with a toluene-water system, and the toluene layer is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate after separation. After vacuum drying at 60℃, 1.2g of yellow solid is obtained (yield 84%). Marked as primer resin A.

[0034]

[0035] The nano-microspheres in this embodiment are 300 nm photonic crystal microspheres with a PDI of 0.035. The preparation method is as follows: (1) Add 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, 20 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.3 g of allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate and 70 g of deionized water into a reactor, heat to 80°C, stir and react for 2 hours, then drop 1.5 g of vinyl trimethoxysilane into the reactor for 2 hours. After the dropwise addition is completed, continue to keep the temperature for 2 hours, cool down, filter, and obtain a polymethyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion.

[0036] (2) Dissolve 50 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate in 100 g of anhydrous ethanol to prepare a tetraethyl orthosilicate solution.

[0037] (3) At room temperature, add ethyl orthosilicate solution and 1 g of aqueous ammonia (mass fraction 25%) dropwise to the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion within 2 hours. After the addition is complete, continue stirring and react for 5 hours. Then, filter and wash to obtain photonic crystal microspheres.

[0038] The primer spraying liquid is: 5% (all in mass fraction in the present invention) primer resin A, 0.5% polyacrylate surface additive, and the rest is ethyl acetate solvent; the photonic crystal coating liquid is 40% photonic crystal microspheres, 20% diethylene glycol, and the rest is water; the film-forming resin protective liquid is 20% polyvinyl alcohol, and the rest is water.

[0039] The 1000*600*5mm colorless transparent tempered glass is degreased and dusted to obtain a clean glass processing surface.

[0040] First, spray the primer spray liquid thinly on the clean glass processing surface, and dry it at 50℃ for 2 minutes after spraying. Use a salt field micro-mist spray gun with a nozzle of 0.5mm to spray the photonic crystal coating liquid. After spraying, let it dry naturally to obtain a three-dimensional photonic crystal coating; then use the same type of spray equipment to spray the film-forming resin protective liquid again, let it dry naturally after spraying, and put it into the baking equipment for 150*10min for curing to obtain a red photonic crystal glass plate. The microstructure of the photonic crystal glass plate is shown in Figure 1 The reflectance spectrum of the sample is shown in Figure 2 As shown, at a vertical observation angle of 180°, its color is red with a wavelength of 650nm, and its color gradually shifts to blue as the observation angle decreases; at a side observation angle of 150°, its color is yellow with a wavelength of 610nm; at a small observation angle of 130°, its color is green with a wavelength of 560nm. Example 2

[0041] Primer resin: 100mL three-necked flask, equipped with electromagnetic stirring, reflux condenser, joint with piston, nitrogen balloon and turn-over stopper. Vacuum and fill with nitrogen three times to deoxygenate, add 1,4-diethynylbenzene (0.756g, 6mmol, TCI (Shanghai) Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd.), 30mL of dried tetrahydrofuran, cool to -30℃, slowly add n-butyl lithium (12mmol, 2.5mol / L n-hexane solution), the solution gradually turns green and turbid with the addition of butyl lithium. The mixed solution continues to stir for 3 hours, then slowly add 2-acetoxyethylmethyldichlorosilane (1.2g, 6mmol Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), which gradually turns into a light red transparent solution after addition. The reaction is heated to room temperature and the reaction is continued for 12 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is extracted with a toluene-water system, and the toluene layer is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate after separation. After vacuum drying at 60℃, 1.56g of red viscous material is obtained (yield 80%). Marked as primer resin B.

[0042]

[0043] The photonic crystal microspheres in this embodiment are 260nm core-shell structure photonic crystal microspheres with a PDI of 0.003. The preparation method is as follows: (1) Add 0.1 g of ammonium persulfate, 10 g of acrylonitrile, 0.3 g of allyloxydecyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate and 30 g of deionized water into a reactor, heat to 75°C, stir and react for 2 hours, then drop 0.7 g of vinyl triethoxysilane into the reactor for 3 hours. After the dropwise addition is completed, continue to keep the temperature for 1 hour, cool down, filter, and obtain a polyacrylonitrile microsphere emulsion.

[0044] (2) Dissolve 40 g of methyl orthosilicate in 94 g of n-butanol to prepare a methyl orthosilicate solution.

[0045] (3) At room temperature, methyl orthosilicate solution and 1 g of triethylamine were added dropwise to the polyacrylonitrile microsphere emulsion within 2 hours. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred and reacted for 7 hours. The mixture was then filtered and washed to obtain photonic crystal microspheres.

[0046] The primer spraying liquid is 12% (in the present invention, all are measured by mass fraction) primer resin B, and the rest is toluene solution; the photonic crystal coating liquid is 30% photonic crystal microspheres, 10% ethylene glycol, 5% formamide, 1% polyether modified polysiloxane leveling agent, and the rest is water; the film-forming resin protective liquid is 10% thermal curing polyester resin, 1% isocyanate curing agent, and the rest is butyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone in a ratio of 1:1.

[0047] Degrease and remove dust from the colorless transparent tempered glass of 360*360*5mm to obtain a clean glass processing surface. First, spray a thin layer of primer spray liquid on the clean glass processing surface, and then dry it at 40°C for 10 minutes after spraying. Use a slit coater to apply the photonic crystal coating liquid, and let it dry naturally after coating to obtain a three-dimensional photonic crystal coating; then use a wire rod coater to apply the film-forming resin protective liquid, and let it dry naturally or with hot air after coating, and put it in an oven for heat treatment at 80°C*10min to completely volatilize the solvent, then raise the temperature to 150°C for heat curing to obtain a green photonic crystal glass plate. The light transmittance curve of the photonic crystal glass plate is shown in Figure 3 As shown, four test points are taken in the figure.

[0048] The above green photonic crystal glass plate is used to make a colored photovoltaic module. The green photonic crystal tempered glass plate (with the photonic crystal coating facing up), EVA film, single crystal silicon photovoltaic power generation module, EVA film, and polyvinyl fluoride composite film (TPT) black bottom plate are stacked in sequence, and the whole is aligned and placed in a vacuum hot press machine at a hot pressing temperature of 140°C and a hot pressing time of 500s. Figure 4 The green photonic crystal colored photovoltaic module shown.

[0049] The aging performance test was carried out on this group of samples. The test items are shown in Table 1. The high-temperature and high-humidity aging performance and the high-low-temperature cycle aging performance within 600 hours can meet the standard requirements. Since the samples showed no signs of debonding after 600 hours of testing, the experiment was not continued.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Finally, the photonic crystal color module and the junction box are installed to obtain a complete color solar panel. The power generation efficiency of this group of samples is compared and tested. The test results are shown in Table 2. The normal power of the cell is 22.96W; the test power of the conventional light-weight module is 19.69W, and the efficiency of the conventional light-weight module is 85.75%; the test power of the colored glass module product sample is 18.25W, and the efficiency of the colored glass module is 79.48%. The efficiency of the colored glass module is about 6% lower than that of the conventional light-weight module, which can well meet the requirements of the use of colored photovoltaic building integration.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Primer resin: polyarylacetylene resin (1g, 10mmol, First Research Institute of China Aerospace Corporation), triethoxysilane (1.64g, 10mmol, purchased from First Research Institute of China Aerospace Corporation), 80mL of toluene and 3g of magnesium oxide were injected into a 250mL single-mouth round-bottom flask, and stirred at room temperature (30°C) for 8h under nitrogen protection to complete the reaction. After the reaction, MgO was removed by filtration, and toluene was dried to obtain a copolymer resin of polyarylacetylene resin and triethoxysilane, which was a black-red viscous fluid at room temperature with almost no loss. It was marked as primer resin C.

[0055]

[0056] The nano-microspheres in this embodiment are 260nm core-shell photonic crystal microspheres with a PDI of 0.045. The preparation method is as follows: (1) 0.2 g of sodium persulfate, 15 g of cyclohexyl methacrylate, 0.2 g of sodium vinyl sulfonate and 60 g of deionized water were added to a reactor, heated to 80°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, and then 0.5 g of vinyl tris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane was added dropwise to the reactor for 4 hours. After the addition was completed, the reaction was continued at a temperature of 1 hour, the temperature was lowered, and the reaction was filtered to obtain a polycyclohexyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion.

[0057] (2) Dissolve 90 g of butyl orthosilicate in 135 g of isopropanol to prepare a butyl orthosilicate solution.

[0058] (3) At room temperature, a butyl orthosilicate solution and 0.8 g of sodium hydroxide were added dropwise to the polycyclohexyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion within 3 hours. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred and reacted for 8 hours. The mixture was then filtered and washed to obtain photonic crystal microspheres.

[0059] The primer spraying liquid is 10% (in terms of mass fraction in the present invention) of primer resin C, and the rest is toluene solution; the photonic crystal coating liquid is 20% of photonic crystal microspheres, 10% of ethylene glycol, 0.5% of polyether-modified polysiloxane leveling agent, and the rest is water; the film-forming resin protective liquid is 20% of polyester-modified acrylate resin, 2% of photoinitiator TPO, and the rest is 28% of butanone and 50% of butyl acetate.

[0060] The 360*360*5mm colorless transparent tempered glass was degreased and dusted to obtain a clean glass processing surface. First, a thin layer of primer spray liquid was sprayed on the clean glass processing surface, and it was dried at 50°C for 2 minutes after spraying. The photonic crystal coating liquid was coated with a slit coater, and it was naturally dried after coating to obtain a three-dimensional photonic crystal coating; then, a film-forming resin protective liquid was sprayed with a Yantian hand spray gun, and it was naturally dried or dried with hot air after spraying, and the coating was cured with a 395nm UV-LED lamp to obtain a green photonic crystal glass plate. Example 4

[0061] Primer resin: 100mL three-necked flask, equipped with electromagnetic stirring, reflux condenser, joint with piston, nitrogen balloon and turn-over stopper. Vacuum and fill with nitrogen three times to deoxygenate, add 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene (0.9g, 6mmol, TCI (Shanghai) Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd.), 15mL of dried tetrahydrofuran, cool to -30℃, slowly add n-butyl lithium (12mmol, 2.5mol / L n-hexane solution), the solution gradually turns green and turbid with the addition of butyl lithium. The mixed solution continues to stir for 3 hours, then slowly add diphenyldichlorosilane (1.512g, 6mmol), which gradually turns into a yellow transparent solution after addition. The reaction is heated to room temperature and the reaction is continued for 12 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is extracted with a toluene-water system, and the toluene layer is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate after separation. After vacuum drying at 60℃, 1.9g of yellow viscous material is obtained (yield 79%). Marked as primer resin D.

[0062]

[0063] The nano-microspheres in this embodiment are 220nm core-shell photonic crystal microspheres with a PDI of 0.02. The preparation method is as follows: (1) 0.1 g potassium persulfate, 10 g isobornyl methacrylate, 0.3 g sodium allyloxyhydroxypropyl sulfonate and 40 g deionized water were added to a reactor, heated to 85°C, stirred and reacted for 2 hours, and then 0.4 g methylvinyldimethoxysilane was added dropwise to the reactor for 3 hours. After the addition was completed, the reaction was continued at a temperature of 1 hour, the temperature was lowered, and the reaction was filtered to obtain a polyisobornyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion.

[0064] (2) Dissolve 30 g of propyl orthosilicate in 30 g of n-propanol to prepare a propyl orthosilicate solution.

[0065] (3) At room temperature, propyl orthosilicate solution and 0.6 g of ammonia water were added dropwise to the above polyisobornyl methacrylate microsphere emulsion within 2 hours. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred and reacted for 6 hours, then filtered and washed to obtain photonic crystal microspheres.

[0066] The primer spraying liquid is 15% (all in mass fraction in the present invention) primer resin D, 1% polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane additive, and the rest is tetrahydrofuran solution; the photonic crystal coating liquid is 10% photonic crystal microspheres, 80% ethanol, and 10% ethylene glycol; the film-forming resin protection liquid is 20% polyvinyl butyral resin, and the rest is 5% ethylene glycol and 75% ethanol.

[0067] The 300*300*10mm colorless transparent tempered glass was degreased and dusted to obtain a clean glass processing surface. First, a thin layer of primer spray liquid was sprayed on the clean glass processing surface, and it was dried at 50°C for 2 minutes after spraying. The photonic crystal coating liquid was coated on the coating machine using an RDS22 wire rod. After coating, it was naturally dried until the complete photonic crystal color appeared, and then placed in an oven at 100°C*10min for thorough drying to obtain a three-dimensional photonic crystal coating; then, a film-forming resin protective liquid was sprayed using Yantian's automatic spray gun, and it was naturally dried or dried with hot air after spraying, and placed in an oven at 150°C*20min for curing to obtain a blue photonic crystal glass plate.

[0068] The above describes the implementable method of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Simple modifications within the technical concept of the present invention or combinations suitable for the present method should be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0069] In addition, the various embodiments of the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without contradiction, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should all be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a colored photovoltaic module based on photonic crystal coating technology, characterized in that: The specific operation of the preparation method is: stacking the photonic crystal plate, the packaging film, the power generation component, the packaging film, and the bottom plate in sequence and then hot pressing them to obtain the photonic crystal plate; the photonic crystal plate is prepared by coating a primer layer, a photonic crystal coating, and a photonic crystal protective coating in sequence on a colorless and transparent tempered glass panel or a plastic plate.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the primer layer is as follows: degreasing and dust-removing cleaning operations are performed on a colorless and transparent tempered glass panel or a plastic plate, and then a primer coating liquid is applied, and the primer layer is obtained after drying; the primer coating liquid contains 2-20wt% of a silicon hybrid resin containing active groups with aromatic hydrocarbons as the main body; the active groups are one or more of alkynyl, vinyl, silicon-chlorine bond, and silicon hydroxyl group; the solvent selected for preparing the primer coating liquid is one or more of ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, n-hexane, n-butyl ether, petroleum ether, and phenyl ether.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the photonic crystal coating is as follows: coating a photonic crystal coating liquid on a base coating layer, and obtaining the photonic crystal coating after drying; the photonic crystal coating liquid contains 10-50wt% of monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres; the solvent in the photonic crystal coating liquid is selected from one or more of water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, tetrahydrofuran, formamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres are a core-shell structure with polymer microspheres as cores and inorganic materials as shells, and the ratio of the radius of the core to the thickness of the shell is 1:0.5-1; the particle size of the monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres is 150-350nm, and the monodispersity index PDI is less than 0.

05.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres is: (1) Add initiator, monomer, emulsifier and deionized water into the reactor, the mass concentration of the monomer is 2-50%, the amount of initiator added is 0.2-5% of the mass of the monomer, and the amount of emulsifier added is 0.1-5% of the mass of the monomer; After heating to 75-90°C and stirring for 1-2 hours, add silane coupling agent dropwise to the reaction kettle in an amount of 1-10% of the monomer mass for 2-4 hours; after the addition is completed, continue to keep the temperature for 1-2 hours, cool down, filter and remove impurities to obtain a polymer microsphere emulsion; (2) dissolving the silane ester in an alcohol solvent to prepare a silane ester solution having a mass content of 20-50%; (3) At room temperature, the silane ester solution and the catalyst are added dropwise to the polymer microsphere emulsion within 1-3 hours, with the mass ratio of the silane ester to the polymer microsphere being 4-25:1; after the addition is completed, the reaction is continued with stirring for 5-8 hours, filtered, and washed to obtain monodisperse photonic crystal microspheres.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; the monomer is one or more of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate; the emulsifier is allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate, allyloxy decyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl The silane coupling agent is one or more of sodium 2-hydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate, and sodium vinyl sulfonate; the silane coupling agent is one or more of vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl tri (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyl triisopropoxy silane, methyl vinyl dimethoxy silane, methyl vinyl diethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl methyl diethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, and methacryloxypropyl triethoxy silane; The catalyst is one or more of ammonia water, triethylamine, and sodium hydroxide; the silane ester is one or more of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate, and butyl orthosilicate; the alcohol solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the photonic crystal protective coating is as follows: coating a photonic crystal protective layer coating liquid on the photonic crystal coating, and obtaining a transparent and strong photonic crystal protective coating after curing; the photonic crystal protective layer coating liquid is a 5-40wt% organic film-forming resin solution, and the solvent used is one or more of water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-octane, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The organic film-forming resin is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin system, phenolic resin system, polyurethane resin system, polyester resin system, acrylic resin system, epoxy acrylic resin system or polyurethane acrylate system.

9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The coating method is spin coating, slit coating, roller coating, inkjet, spray coating or flow coating; the inkjet is piezoelectric inkjet; the spray is low-pressure and low-flow spray; the atomization pressure is 5-30Kpa, and the flow is 1-20mL / min.

10. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encapsulation film is polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyolefin elastomer film; the power generation component is a monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon solar component; the base plate is tempered glass or an organic composite film, and the organic composite film is a polyvinyl fluoride composite film, a thermoplastic elastomer film, a fluoropolymer composite film, a polyamide composite film or an ethylene-vinyl acetate film.

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