Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, and is characterized in that the dielectric substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate; the first dipole antenna comprises a first radiation part arranged on the first surface, a second radiation part arranged on the second surface, and a first feeder line electrically connected with the first radiation part and the second radiation part; the second dipole antenna comprises a third radiation part arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiation part arranged on the second surface, and a second feed line electrically connected with the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part; each of the first radiation part, the second radiation part, the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part comprises a main body structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main body structure is provided with an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and electrically connected with the main body structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and particularly relates to an antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the large-scale deployment of 5G wireless communication networks, mobile communications are ushering in a new period of prosperity. One of the characteristics of 5G wireless communication systems is that they support large capacity, and the key technical feature of large capacity is massive multiple input multiple output technology (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output, referred to as massive MIMO), which requires large-scale antenna arrays as support. As the size of the antenna increases, the overall weight of the antenna increases rapidly, posing a serious challenge to the limited construction space of base station antenna sites, and significantly increasing the operating costs of operator sites. At the same time, as the number of antennas in the array increases, the enhanced mutual coupling between antenna units is also not conducive to improving system performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an antenna and an electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is an antenna, which includes a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, wherein:

[0005] The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction thereof;

[0006] The first dipole antenna comprises a first radiating portion disposed on the first surface, a second radiating portion disposed on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion;

[0007] The second dipole antenna comprises a third radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion; the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions;

[0008] The first radiation part, the second radiation part, the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part all include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and is electrically connected to the main structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

[0010] In some embodiments, the auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected to two corner positions of the opening.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are intersected, and the intersection is a first node, and the orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each of the openings on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the orthographic projection of the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the first radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the first vertex and the second vertex, respectively;

[0013] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the third vertex and the fourth vertex;

[0014] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex;

[0015] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex;

[0016] A line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment;

[0017] A line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment;

[0018] The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

[0019] In some embodiments, the shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiation part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiation part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch; and / or,

[0020] The shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of a triangle, a circle, a quarter circle, a square, a diamond, a T-shaped branch or a Y-shaped branch.

[0021] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the auxiliary shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, wherein the vertical side of the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch is connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first side and the second side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0022] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0024] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiation portion, the second radiation portion, the third radiation portion, and the fourth radiation portion is greater than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component.

[0026] In some embodiments, one of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on the first surface, and the other is disposed on the second surface.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first radiating portion and the first feeder are both disposed on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both disposed on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; or,

[0028] The second radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion.

[0029] In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0030] In some embodiments, the feeding structure is a coaxial probe.

[0031] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflection plate, which is disposed on one side of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion and on a side away from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion.

[0032] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap.

[0033] In some embodiments, the line width of the first feeder is monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; the line width of the second feeder is monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, comprising the antenna described in any one of the above-mentioned first aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the positions of a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 3 is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 4 is a front view of a reference antenna;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the middle antenna;

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the reference antenna;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Simulation diagram of antenna cross polarization corresponding to the antenna in the middle;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Simulation diagram of antenna cross polarization corresponding to the reference antenna in the figure;

[0043] Fig. 9 It is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 The standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna;

[0045] Fig.11 It is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.12 for Fig.11 The standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna;

[0047] Fig.13 It is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig.14 for Fig.13 Standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate that there is at least one. Similar words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Similar words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0051] The antenna according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, including a dielectric substrate, a first dipole and a second dipole, wherein the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the first dipole antenna includes a first radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a second radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion; the second dipole antenna includes a third radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion; the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions; the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion each include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening, and is electrically connected to the main structure.

[0053] The present application reduces the overall size of the antenna by providing the main structure of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part with an opening, and providing an auxiliary structure in the opening. At the same time, the auxiliary structure enriches the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, and ensures good impedance matching.

[0054] The antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a cross-dipole antenna. The dipole antenna is the earliest, simplest and most widely used type of antenna in radio communication. In some examples, the dielectric substrate can be composed of FR4, polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramic, glass-based and other dielectrics. The thickness of the dielectric substrate will affect the impedance matching and radiation direction of the antenna. A thicker antenna will cause the antenna impedance to be higher, and a thinner dielectric substrate will cause the antenna impedance to be lower. Therefore, when designing the antenna, it is necessary to select a suitable dielectric substrate thickness according to the required impedance value. The shape of the dielectric substrate will affect the radiation direction of the antenna. For example, if the dielectric substrate is circular, the radiation direction of the antenna will be omnidirectional, and if the dielectric substrate is square, the radiation direction of the antenna will be directional. Therefore, when designing the antenna, it is necessary to select a suitable dielectric substrate shape according to the specific situation. The upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate are covered with metal radiation patches. The metal radiation patches on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate constitute the first radiation part and the third radiation part, and the metal radiation patches on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate constitute the second radiation part and the fourth radiation part. The outlines of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion in the present application may be square, pentagonal, or other polygonal. Similarly, the opening of the main structure in the present application may also be square or other polygonal, and the present application does not limit this. The auxiliary structure arranged at the opening is a regular or irregular structure, the purpose of which is to increase the path of the current, reduce the resonant frequency, and reduce the size of the antenna. The auxiliary structures of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion may include one or more auxiliary components, and the position of the auxiliary component may be set at any position in the opening and connected to the main structure, and the present application does not limit this. In addition, the two radiating portions of each dipole antenna are connected by a feeder line. In some embodiments, the antenna is fed by a gradient microstrip line to ensure good impedance matching.

[0055] Figure 1 It is a side view of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application, including a dielectric substrate 1, a radiating portion 2 (including a first radiating portion and a third radiating portion) arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a radiating portion 3 (including a second radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion) arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are electrically connected through a feeder 4 (respectively through the first feeder and the second feeder).

[0056] In some embodiments, the auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected at two corner positions of the opening.

[0057] Among them, the corner position refers to the angle position formed by connecting any two adjacent sides when the opening is a polygon. The auxiliary structure of each radiating portion may include two auxiliary components, and the two auxiliary structures may be connected at any two corner positions of the opening, for example, they may be connected at adjacent corner positions, or they may be connected at relative corner positions, etc. It is understandable that the two auxiliary components may also be connected at other positions of the opening, such as being connected at the edge of the opening, etc., and the present application does not limit this. Of course, the shape of the opening is not limited to a polygon, and may also be other shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, etc. In this case, the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component may be connected at different positions of the opening.

[0058] In some embodiments, the line width of the first feeder increases or decreases monotonically from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; the line width of the second feeder increases or decreases monotonically from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion. The disclosed embodiment achieves broadband impedance matching by using a gradient feeder to change the antenna standing wave, thereby ensuring good impedance matching.

[0059] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are intersected, and the intersection is a first node, and the orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each opening on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the first radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the first vertex and the second vertex respectively; the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the third vertex and the fourth vertex respectively; the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex respectively; the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex respectively; the line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment; the line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment; the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

[0061] Figure 2The schematic diagram of the positions of the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in an antenna of an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The antenna is described by taking the openings of the main structure in the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part as an example. The antenna includes a first radiating part 201, a second radiating part 202, a third radiating part 301 and a fourth radiating part 302. Among them, the orthographic projection positions of the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the first radiating part 201 on the dielectric substrate are the first vertex 1001 and the second vertex 1002 respectively; the orthographic projection positions of the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part 201 on the dielectric substrate are the third vertex 1003 and the fourth vertex 1004 respectively; the orthographic projection positions of the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part 301 on the dielectric substrate are the fifth vertex 1005 and the sixth vertex 1006 respectively, and the orthographic projection positions of the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part 302 on the dielectric substrate are the seventh vertex 1007 and the eighth vertex respectively. The orthographic projections of the first feeder and the second feeder on the dielectric substrate are arranged crosswise, and the intersection is the first node 1009. The line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node 1009 is the first straight line segment 111 , and the line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is the second straight line segment 222 .

[0062] Such arrangement of the two auxiliary components of each radiating part can make the mutual coupling between antenna units (the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna constitute one antenna unit) and the impedance matching distribution more uniform, so as to achieve better radiation.

[0063] In some embodiments, the shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch; and / or, the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch.

[0064] Specifically, the two auxiliary components of each radiation part may be structures of the same shape or structures of different shapes, and the shapes may also be regular or irregular, including but not limited to the shapes mentioned above.

[0065] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the auxiliary shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all right triangles, wherein the vertical side of the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch is connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first side and the second side corresponding to one of the angles of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0066] Auxiliary components in the shape of T-shaped branches and triangles are arranged at the openings on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the path of the current, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna unit, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0067] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0068] Two auxiliary components in the shape of right triangles are arranged at the opening of the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna unit, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0069] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0070] Two auxiliary components, both of which are square in shape, are arranged at the opening of the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna unit, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0071] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0072] Two auxiliary components, both in the shape of a quarter circle, are arranged at the opening on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna unit, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0073] In some embodiments, the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion, and the fourth radiating portion is greater than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component. In this case, the antenna resonant frequency range can be increased, the size of the antenna unit can be reduced, and the antenna can maintain good radiation performance in a wider frequency band. It should be noted that the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion, and the fourth radiating portion can also be less than the latter and equal to the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component, and this application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

[0075] In some embodiments, one of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the other is disposed on a second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; or, the second radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion. The first feeder and the second feeder are arranged on different surfaces of the dielectric substrate, respectively, to avoid mutual influence.

[0077] In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line. The feeding structure can feed the two radiating parts of the first dipole antenna and the two radiating parts of the second dipole antenna through the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0078] In some embodiments, the feeding structure is a coaxial probe. This feeding structure uses microstrip coupling feeding. Coupling feeding refers to the conduction of electric energy by coupling between two circuit elements or circuit networks that are not in contact but have a certain small distance in the fields of communication, etc., so that one of the elements can obtain energy without direct contact with the electric energy conduction system. This feeding structure ensures good impedance matching.

[0079] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflector, which is disposed on one side of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion, and on a side away from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion. The purpose of the reflector is to reflect the light exposed from the bottom surface back into the light guide plate to improve the efficiency of light use. In a possible embodiment, the height of the reflector from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion can be adjusted according to the required frequency band, for example, the height of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion from the reflector is 0.25λ, and the reflector can also be directly grounded, and the present application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0080] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap, so as to avoid mutual influence between the two dipole antennas and affect the radiation performance.

[0081] Figure 3It is a front view of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application. The antenna includes a first radiating portion 21, a second radiating portion 22, a third radiating portion 31, a fourth radiating portion 32 and a first feeder 41 and a second feeder 42. Among them, the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 constitute a first dipole antenna, and the third dipole radiating portion 31 and the fourth radiating portion 32 constitute a second dipole antenna. The first radiating portion 21, the second radiating portion 22, the third radiating portion 31, and the fourth radiating portion 32 all include a first auxiliary component 51 in the shape of a T-shaped branch and a second auxiliary component 52 in the shape of a triangle. And the first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 are arranged at the positions of the two diagonals of the opening in the radiating portion.

[0082] This structure has an opening in the radiation part and an auxiliary component is arranged at the opening, so that Figure 2 The antenna size is only 0.25λ@2.37GHz, which is significantly reduced compared to the traditional antenna size of 0.35λ~0.5λ, reducing the weight of the antenna unit and weakening the mutual coupling between antenna units.

[0083] Figure 4 2 is a front view of a reference antenna, which includes a first radiating portion 201 , a second radiating portion 202 , a third radiating portion 301 , a fourth radiating portion 302 , a first feed line 401 , and a second feed line 402 .

[0084] pass Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the radiating parts in the antennas of the embodiments of the present application all have openings, and a first auxiliary component 51 and a second auxiliary component 52 are provided in the openings.

[0085] Assumptions Figure 4 The reference antenna in Figure 3 An antenna in this application shown in has the same dimensions, Figure 5 for Figure 3 Antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in the middle. Figure 6 for Figure 4 Antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the reference antenna in the figure. The horizontal axis represents the operating frequency and the vertical axis represents the antenna standing wave ratio.

[0086] Antenna standing wave ratio, abbreviated as VSWR and SWR. The voltage standing wave ratio of an antenna is the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value on the voltage standing wave graph generated along the transmission line when the antenna is used as a load of a lossless transmission line. The standing wave ratio is generated by the superposition of reflected waves generated when the incident wave energy is transmitted to the antenna input end and is not fully absorbed (radiated). The larger the VSWR, the greater the reflection and the worse the matching. In mobile communication systems, the standing wave ratio is generally required to be less than 2. Antenna standing wave is mainly used to measure the efficiency of the antenna.

[0087] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that Figure 3 When the standing wave ratio of the corresponding antenna is less than 2, the frequency range of the antenna is 2.37GHz~3.62GHz, and the antenna can work in the two 5G frequency bands of 2.515GHz~2.675GHz and 3.4~3.6GHz. Figure 6 It can be seen that when the standing wave ratio of the reference antenna is less than 2, the frequency band of the reference antenna is 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz, and it fails to cover the 5G frequency band that is currently being focused on. It can be seen that the working bandwidth of the antenna can be increased by adding the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch and the second auxiliary component of the triangle.

[0088] Figure 7 for Figure 3 The simulation diagram of the antenna cross polarization corresponding to the antenna in the middle. Figure 8 for Figure 4 Simulation diagram of antenna cross-polarization corresponding to the reference antenna in .

[0089] Cross-polarization is used to indicate the relationship between antennas. It is a method of arranging antenna arrays in an orthogonal polarization manner to maximize polarization diversity. The concept of cross-polarization ratio is mainly used to describe the polarization purity of 0° polarization (or other orthogonal polarization) antennas. It is specifically defined as the ratio of the main polarization component to the cross-polarization component. The larger the cross-polarization ratio, the stronger the orthogonality of the signal that can be obtained from the antenna, the smaller the correlation between the two signals, the easier it is to distinguish different signals, and the better the polarization effect. The cross-polarization ratio of general antennas is greater than 18dB.

[0090] Figure 7 The two curves in the figure represent Figure 3 The polarization of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna in the antenna. The horizontal axis represents the polarization direction, and the vertical axis represents the polarization ratio. Assuming that the polarization corresponding to the first dipole antenna is the main polarization, the corresponding Figure 7 The first curve in the figure, then the polarization corresponding to the second dipole antenna is the polarization component, corresponding to Figure 7 The second curve in . Figure 7 It can be seen that the polarization component in the 0° direction reaches a polarization ratio of about 38.50db, and the 60° polarization reaches 17.41db. Figure 8 The two curves in the figure represent Figure 4 The polarization of the reference antenna, the horizontal axis represents the polarization direction, and the vertical axis represents the polarization ratio. Assume that the first curve is the main polarization and the second curve is the polarization component. Figure 8 It can be seen that the polarization component in the 0° direction reaches a polarization ratio of about 33.15db, and the 60° polarization reaches 16.58db.

[0091] Figure 7 and Figure 8 By comparison, the cross-polarization ratio of the antenna at 0° is increased by about 5dB, and the cross-polarization ratio at 60° is increased by about 1dB, indicating that Figure 3 The cross isolation of the antenna in two directions is better, that is, Figure 3 The first dipole antenna of the middle antenna has less influence on the second dipole antenna. Figure 3 The antenna and Figure 4 Compared with the reference antenna in the figure, the signal orthogonality obtained from the antenna is stronger, the correlation between the two signals is smaller, it is easier to distinguish different signals, and the polarization effect is better. It can be seen that after adding the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch and the second auxiliary component of the triangle, the polarization orthogonality of the antenna unit is improved, which can improve the capacity of the massive MIMO system.

[0092] Fig. 9 is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 9 The shapes of the first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 in the first radiating portion 201, the second radiating portion 202, the third radiating portion 301, and the fourth radiating portion 302 of the corresponding antenna are both right triangles, and the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. Figure 3 The structure of the middle antenna is the same and will not be repeated here.

[0093] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna.

[0094] Depend on Fig.10 It can be seen that Fig. 9 When the standing wave ratio of the corresponding antenna is less than 2, the frequency range of the antenna is 2.43GHz to 3.64GHz. Figure 6 , when the standing wave ratio of the reference antenna is less than 2, the frequency band range of the reference antenna is 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz. It can be seen that the working bandwidth of the antenna can still be increased after adding the first triangular auxiliary component and the second triangular auxiliary component.

[0095] Fig.11 is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application, Fig.11 The first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 in the first radiating portion 201, the second radiating portion 202, the third radiating portion 301, and the fourth radiating portion 302 of the corresponding antenna are both square in shape, and the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. The other structures are the same as Figure 3 The structure of the middle antenna is the same and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna.

[0097] Depend on Fig.12 It can be seen that Fig.11 When the standing wave ratio of the corresponding antenna is less than 2, the frequency range of the antenna is 2.39GHz to 3.55GHz. Figure 6 , when the standing wave ratio of the reference antenna is less than 2, the frequency band range of the reference antenna is 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz. It can be seen that the working bandwidth of the antenna can still be increased after adding the square first auxiliary component and the square second auxiliary component.

[0098] Fig.13 is a front view of another antenna in an embodiment of the present application, Fig.13 The first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 in the four radiating parts of the first radiating part 201, the second radiating part 202, the third radiating part 301 and the fourth radiating part 302 of the corresponding antenna are both in the shape of a quarter circle, and the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. The other structures are the same as Figure 3 The structure of the middle antenna is the same and will not be repeated here.

[0099] Fig.14 for Fig.13 Standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna.

[0100] Depend on Fig.14 It can be seen that Fig.13 When the standing wave ratio of the corresponding antenna is less than 2, the frequency range of the antenna is 2.41GHz~3.65GHz. Figure 6 , when the standing wave ratio of the reference antenna is less than 2, the frequency band range of the reference antenna is 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz. It can be seen that the working bandwidth of the antenna can still be increased after adding the first triangular auxiliary component and the second triangular auxiliary component.

[0101] By the above Figure 3 to Figure 14It can be seen that the main structure of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part of the present application has an opening, and an auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening. No matter how the shape of the auxiliary structure changes, the bandwidth of the antenna will be increased relative to the reference wire. At the same time, the auxiliary structure enriches the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the overall size of the antenna, and ensures good impedance matching. The present application realizes a miniaturized ultra-wideband high-performance base station antenna, which increases the antenna resonant frequency range and reduces the antenna unit size by using an auxiliary component structure. At the same time, the antenna maintains good radiation performance in a wider frequency band. The reduction in antenna volume can increase the unit spacing in the array, improve the isolation between antenna units, reduce the correlation between units, improve the multi-stream performance of the base station system, and achieve the beneficial effect of reducing the weight and increasing the efficiency of the base station antenna.

[0102] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising any one of the antennas in the above embodiments.

[0103] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end, and the baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, for example, 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the electronic device receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0104] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used to modulate the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signal received by the antenna and transmit it to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0105] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected to a filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. In the process of sending signals by the electronic device, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit, and the filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and transmits them to the antenna after filtering out clutter, and the antenna radiates the signal. In the process of receiving signals by the electronic device, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit, and the filtering unit filters out clutter from the signal received by the antenna and then transmits it to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the RF transceiver, and the RF transceiver transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0106] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0107] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0108] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, wherein: The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction thereof; The first dipole antenna comprises a first radiating portion disposed on the first surface, a second radiating portion disposed on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion; The second dipole antenna comprises a third radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion, wherein the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions; The first radiation part, the second radiation part, the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part all include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and is electrically connected to the main structure.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected to two corner positions of the opening.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are arranged to intersect, and the intersection is a first node. The orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each opening on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the orthographic projection of the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the first radiating portion have their orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate being the first vertex and the second vertex respectively; The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the third vertex and the fourth vertex; The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex; The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex; A line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment; A line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment; The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiation part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiation part are all one of a triangle, a circle, a quarter circle, a square, a diamond, a T-shaped branch or a Y-shaped branch; and / or, The shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, and the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, wherein the vertical sides of the first auxiliary components of the T-shaped branches are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first sides and the second sides corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary components of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

9. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

10. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

11. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiation portion, the second radiation portion, the third radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion is greater than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component.

12. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that One of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on the first surface, and the other is disposed on the second surface.

13. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; or, The second radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion.

14. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna also includes a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that The feeding structure is a coaxial probe.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna further includes a reflection plate, which is disposed on one side of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion and on a side away from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion.

17. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap.

18. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The line width of the first feed line increases monotonically or decreases monotonically from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; The line width of the second feed line increases monotonically or decreases monotonically in a direction from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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