An electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor

Abstract

An electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor belongs to the technical field of motors. To solve the problems of complex control and low safety in increasing the motor speed through field weakening intervention, in the present invention, when the first electromagnetic coil is energized, a rotating magnetic field is generated. The rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnet, thereby generating a torque that causes the rotor to start rotating. The position relationship with the rotor is read by a magnetic sensor. If it is determined that the distance is incorrect, the current magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic ring are adjusted, and then the position of the rotor is adjusted through the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring. When adjusting, direct current is introduced into the electromagnetic ring to generate an upward or downward electromagnetic force. When the electromagnetic force repels the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring, the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring is pushed upward, thereby adjusting the air gap between the rotor and the stator. After the air gap increases, the magnetic leakage increases and the magnetic chain decreases, resulting in a decrease in the back electromotive force. Without field weakening intervention, the motor speed is increased, and the motor has high efficiency and high safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a variable flux disk motor that can be electromagnetically adjusted. Background Art

[0002] A motor refers to an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transmission of electrical energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main function is to generate a driving torque and serve as a power source for electrical appliances or various machines. A motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of movement of a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field under the action of force is related to the current direction and the magnetic field direction. The working principle of a motor is that the magnetic field exerts a force on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

[0003] The speed of a motor is related to factors such as the power supply voltage, frequency, number of poles of the motor, load condition, mechanical transmission, design parameters, as well as the controller and control algorithm. When the motor runs at high speed, the back electromotive force of the motor will increase with the increase in speed. When the back electromotive force reaches the maximum voltage, the speed of the motor will no longer increase. At this time, if you want to further increase the speed of the motor, the most commonly used method is to adopt a weak magnetic intervention strategy. However, weak magnetic intervention will increase the control complexity and the operating risk of the motor. And at high speeds, improper or excessive use of weak magnetic intervention may cause the motor to overheat or overload, thus indirectly affecting the performance of the magnetic steel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable flux disk motor that can be electromagnetically adjusted, which solves the problems of complex control and low safety in increasing the speed of the motor by means of weak magnetic intervention in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A variable flux disk motor that can be electromagnetically adjusted, including a motor housing and a stator and a rotor arranged inside the motor housing, further including an output shaft rotatably connected inside the motor housing. One end of the output shaft extends to the outside of the motor housing, and the rotor is located above the stator and is slidably connected to the output shaft;

[0006] An electromagnetic ring, a neodymium iron boron magnetic ring, and a magnetic sensor are further arranged inside the motor housing. The electromagnetic ring is installed above the stator, the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring is installed below the rotor, and the magnetic sensor is installed above the inside of the motor housing. The electromagnetic ring is used to control the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring and the rotor, and the magnetic sensor is used to detect the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring and the rotor.

[0007] Further, the motor housing includes a lower housing and an upper housing arranged above the lower housing. The output shaft passes upward through the upper housing and extends above the upper housing.

[0008] Further, a limiting protrusion is provided at the bottom of the lower housing, a lower bearing is installed in the limiting protrusion, an upper protrusion is provided at the top of the upper housing, an upper bearing is installed in the upper protrusion, and the output shaft is rotatably connected to the lower housing and the upper housing through the lower bearing and the upper bearing.

[0009] Further, a first inner housing is provided below the interior of the lower housing, the stator is arranged between the first inner housing and the lower housing, bolts are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner housing, and a threaded seat is installed on the outer side surface of the limiting protrusion, and the bolts correspond to the threaded seats.

[0010] Further, the stator includes a first fixing frame, the first fixing frame is annular, and through winding grooves are evenly distributed on the first fixing frame, inlet ports corresponding to the winding grooves are evenly distributed on the top of the first fixing frame, the stator further includes first electromagnetic coils evenly distributed in adjacent two groups of winding grooves, and the first electromagnetic coils are components formed by winding enameled wires through the inlet ports of adjacent two groups and winding in the area between adjacent two groups of winding grooves.

[0011] Further, a second inner housing is provided inside the upper housing, the second inner housing is annular, and a rotor is arranged inside the second inner housing, and the rotor includes a turntable and permanent magnets evenly distributed below the turntable.

[0012] Further, limiting card slots are provided on the outer wall of the output shaft, and there are two groups of limiting card slots, and a first snap ring and a second snap ring are clamped in the limiting card slots.

[0013] Further, bumps are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the output shaft, sliding grooves corresponding to the bumps are provided on the inner side of the turntable, and the rotor slides outside the output shaft through the bumps.

[0014] Further, the electromagnetic ring is arranged inside the first inner housing and at the outer edge of the output shaft, the electromagnetic ring includes a second fixing frame and a second electromagnetic coil wound outside the second fixing frame, and also includes silicon steel installed on the inner side of the second fixing frame.

[0015] Further, the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring is installed inside the second inner housing, and the first snap ring and the second snap ring are located above and below the second inner housing.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] A variable-flux disc motor with electromagnetic regulation provided by the present invention generates a rotating magnetic field when the first electromagnetic coil is energized. The rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets evenly distributed on the turntable, thereby generating a torque that causes the rotor to start rotating. The position relationship with the rotor is read by a magnetic sensor. If it is determined that the distance is incorrect, the position of the rotor is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the current in the electromagnetic ring and then adjusting the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring. When adjusting, direct current is introduced into the electromagnetic ring to generate an upward or downward electromagnetic force. When the electromagnetic force repels the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring, the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring is pushed upward, thereby adjusting the air gap between the rotor and the stator. After the air gap increases, the magnetic leakage increases and the magnetic chain decreases, resulting in a decrease in the back electromotive force. Without the need for field weakening intervention, the speed of the motor is increased, and the motor has high efficiency and high safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a front view of the present invention in the exploded state of the overall structure;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the rotor and output shaft structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inner housing and the second inner housing of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator, electromagnetic ring, neodymium iron boron magnetic ring and magnetic sensor of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 is an exploded view of the structure of the stator, electromagnetic ring, neodymium iron boron magnetic ring and magnetic sensor of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 is an exploded view of the structure of the lower housing and the upper housing of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Motor housing; 11. Lower housing; 111. Limit projection; 112. Threaded seat; 12. Upper housing; 121. Upper projection; 13. Lower bearing; 14. Upper bearing; 15. First snap ring; 16. Second snap ring; 2. First inner housing; 21. Bolt; 3. Stator; 31. First fixing bracket; 32. Winding groove; 33. Inlet; 34. First electromagnetic coil; 4. Second inner housing; 5. Rotor; 51. Turntable; 52. Permanent magnet; 6. Output shaft; 61. Limit card slot; 62. Projection; 7. Electromagnetic ring; 71. Second fixing bracket; 72. Second electromagnetic coil; 73. Silicon steel; 8. Neodymium iron boron magnetic ring; 9. Magnetic sensor. Detailed implementation mode

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] In order to solve the technical problems of complex control and low safety in improving the speed of the motor by means of weak magnetic intervention, as Figures 1-9 shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:

[0030] An electromagnetic adjustable variable flux disc motor includes a motor housing 1, a stator 3 and a rotor 5 arranged inside the motor housing 1, and further includes an output shaft 6 rotatably connected inside the motor housing 1. One end of the output shaft 6 extends to the outside of the motor housing 1. The rotor 5 is located above the stator 3 and is slidably connected to the output shaft 6;

[0031] An electromagnetic ring 7, a neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 and a magnetic sensor 9 are further arranged inside the motor housing 1. The electromagnetic ring 7 is installed above the stator 3, the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 is installed below the rotor 5, and the magnetic sensor 9 is installed above the inside of the motor housing 1. The electromagnetic ring 7 is used to control the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 and the rotor 5, and the magnetic sensor 9 is used to detect the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 and the rotor 5. When the motor starts, the electromagnetic ring 7 is energized to generate a magnetic field to adsorb the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8, so that the rotor 5 moves downward close to the stator 3. At this time, the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3 is small, the magnetic field strength is high, and the torque output by the output shaft 6 is large. When the speed increases, the back electromotive force increases with the increase of the speed. When it reaches the critical value, the speed no longer increases. At this time, the current passing through the electromagnetic ring 7 is controlled, so that the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 drives the rotor 5 to move upward, and the rotor 5 moves upward away from the stator 3, increasing the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3. At this time, the back electromotive force decreases and the speed increases.

[0032] The motor housing 1 includes a lower housing 11 and an upper housing 12 disposed above the lower housing 11. The output shaft 6 passes upward through the upper housing 12 and extends above the upper housing 12.

[0033] A limiting protrusion 111 is provided at the bottom of the lower housing 11, and a lower bearing 13 is installed within the limiting protrusion 111. An upper protrusion 121 is provided at the top of the upper housing 12, and an upper bearing 14 is installed within the upper protrusion 121. The output shaft 6 is rotatably connected to the lower housing 11 and the upper housing 12 through the lower bearing 13 and the upper bearing 14.

[0034] A first inner housing 2 is provided below the interior of the lower housing 11. The stator 3 is disposed between the first inner housing 2 and the lower housing 11. Bolts 21 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner housing 2, and a threaded seat 112 is installed on the outer side surface of the limiting protrusion 111. The bolts 21 correspond to the threaded seat 112.

[0035] The stator 3 includes a first fixing frame 31. The first fixing frame 31 is annular, and through slots 32 that penetrate both the inside and outside are evenly distributed on the first fixing frame 31. Inlet ports 33 corresponding to the through slots 32 are evenly distributed on the top of the first fixing frame 31. The stator 3 further includes first electromagnetic coils 34 evenly distributed in adjacent pairs of through slots 32. The first electromagnetic coils 34 are components formed by winding enameled wire through the inlet ports 33 of adjacent pairs and winding in the area between adjacent pairs of through slots 32.

[0036] A second inner housing 4 is provided inside the upper housing 12. The second inner housing 4 is annular. A rotor 5 is disposed inside the second inner housing 4. The rotor 5 includes a turntable 51 and permanent magnets 52 evenly distributed below the turntable 51.

[0037] Limiting slots 61 are provided on the outer wall of the output shaft 6, and there are two sets of limiting slots 61. A first snap ring 15 and a second snap ring 16 are engaged within the limiting slots 61.

[0038] Protrusions 62 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the output shaft 6. A sliding slot corresponding to the protrusions 62 is provided on the inner side of the turntable 51. The rotor 5 slides on the outside of the output shaft 6 through the protrusions 62.

[0039] An electromagnetic ring 7 is provided inside the first inner housing 2 and located at the outer edge of the output shaft 6. The electromagnetic ring 7 includes a second fixing frame 71 and a second electromagnetic coil 72 wound around the outside of the second fixing frame 71, and also includes silicon steel 73 installed on the inner side of the second fixing frame 71.

[0040] A neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 is also installed inside the second inner housing 4, and the top of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the turntable 51. The first snap ring 15 and the second snap ring 16 are located above and below the second inner housing 4. The first snap ring 15 and the second snap ring 16 are used to limit the second inner housing 4 and restrict its movement range.

[0041] Specifically, when the motor starts, the first electromagnetic coil 34 is energized to generate a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets 52 evenly distributed on the turntable 51. Through the action of magnetic lines of force, a powerful torque is generated, thereby driving the rotor 5 to start rotating. At this time, the electromagnetic ring 7 is energized to generate a strong magnetic field. This magnetic field has an adsorption effect on the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8, causing it to move downward and driving the rotor 5 to closely approach the stator 3. Since the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3 is very small, the magnetic field intensity becomes extremely high, resulting in a very large torque output by the output shaft 6, providing powerful power for the start of the motor. As the rotational speed of the motor gradually increases, the back electromotive force also increases accordingly. The back electromotive force is the electromotive force generated by the relative speed between the internal magnetic field of the motor and the movement of the conductor, and it is proportional to the rotational speed of the motor. When the back electromotive force increases to a certain extent, the rotational speed of the motor reaches an equilibrium point, and at this time, the rotational speed no longer increases further. This is because as the rotational speed increases, the growth of the back electromotive force will offset more input power, making it difficult to increase the rotational speed. To break through this rotational speed limit, the control system will intelligently adjust the magnitude and direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic ring 7. This adjustment causes the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic ring 7 to change, and then interact with the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8. When direct current is passed into the electromagnetic ring 7, an electromagnetic force repulsive to the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 will be generated. This electromagnetic force pushes the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8 upward, thereby adjusting the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3. The increase in the air gap results in a decrease in the magnetic field intensity and a corresponding decrease in the back electromotive force. This adjustment enables the motor to continue to increase the rotational speed without increasing additional energy consumption, thereby achieving the efficient operation of the motor. During the entire operation process, the magnetic sensor 9 continuously monitors the positions of the stator 3 and the rotor 5 to ensure that the air gap between the stator 3 and the rotor 5 always remains in the optimal state. By continuously adjusting the magnitude and direction of the current of the electromagnetic ring 7, the control system can precisely control the rotational speed of the motor, enabling the motor to operate stably under various working conditions. This precise control not only improves the efficiency of the motor but also extends its service life.

[0042] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0043] As described above, it is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor, comprising a motor housing (1) and a stator (3) and a rotor (5) arranged inside the motor housing (1), and also comprising an output shaft (6) rotatably connected inside the motor housing (1), characterized in that: One end of the output shaft (6) extends to the outside of the motor housing (1), and the rotor (5) is located above the stator (3) and is slidably connected to the output shaft (6); An electromagnetic ring (7), a neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and a magnetic sensor (9) are further arranged inside the motor housing (1); the electromagnetic ring (7) is mounted above the stator (3); the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) is mounted below the rotor (5); and the magnetic sensor (9) is mounted above the inside of the motor housing (1); the electromagnetic ring (7) is used to control the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and the rotor (5); and the magnetic sensor (9) is used to detect the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and the rotor (5); The motor housing (1) comprises a lower housing (11) and an upper housing (12) arranged above the lower housing (11); a second inner housing (4) is arranged inside the upper housing (12); the second inner housing (4) is annular; a rotor (5) is arranged inside the second inner housing (4); the rotor (5) comprises a turntable (51) and permanent magnets (52) evenly distributed below the turntable (51); the electromagnetic ring (7) is arranged inside the first inner housing (2) and located at the outer edge of the output shaft (6); the electromagnetic ring (7) comprises a second fixing frame (71) and a second electromagnetic coil (72) wound around the outside of the second fixing frame (71), and further comprises silicon steel (73) mounted on the inner side of the second fixing frame (71); the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) is mounted inside the second inner housing (4), and the top of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the turntable (51).

2. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft (6) passes through the upper housing (12) upwards and extends to above the upper housing (12).

3. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting protrusion (111) is provided at the bottom of the lower housing (11), a lower bearing (13) is installed in the limiting protrusion (111), an upper protrusion (121) is provided at the top of the upper housing (12), an upper bearing (14) is installed in the upper protrusion (121), and the output shaft (6) is rotatably connected to the lower housing (11) and the upper housing (12) via the lower bearing (13) and the upper bearing (14).

4. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first inner shell (2) is arranged below the lower shell (11), the stator (3) is arranged between the first inner shell (2) and the lower shell (11), bolts (21) are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner shell (2), a threaded seat (112) is installed on the outer side of the limiting protrusion (111), and the bolts (21) correspond to the threaded seat (112).

5. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator (3) comprises a first fixing frame (31), the first fixing frame (31) is annular, and winding grooves (32) are evenly distributed on the first fixing frame (31) and are connected inside and outside. Wire inlets (33) corresponding to the winding grooves (32) are evenly distributed on the top of the first fixing frame (31). The stator (3) further comprises first electromagnetic coils (34) evenly distributed in two adjacent groups of winding grooves (32). The first electromagnetic coils (34) are components formed by enameled wires passing through two adjacent groups of wire inlets (33) and being wound around the area between the two adjacent groups of winding grooves (32).

6. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the output shaft (6) is provided with a limit clamping groove (61), and two groups of limit clamping grooves (61) are provided. A first clamping ring (15) and a second clamping ring (16) are clamped in the limit clamping grooves (61).

7. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the output shaft (6) is evenly distributed with protrusions (62), the inner side of the rotating disk (51) is provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the protrusions (62), and the rotor (5) slides on the outside of the output shaft (6) through the protrusions (62).

8. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first clamping ring (15) and the second clamping ring (16) are located above and below the second inner shell (4).

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