Anti-ultraviolet radiation protective additive for textiles and use method of anti-ultraviolet radiation protective additive

Abstract

An ultraviolet protective textile and a method of making an ultraviolet protective textile comprising a sheet-like substrate comprising a synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural textile or a blend thereof, an ultraviolet absorbing chemical present on the substrate, and an end-capping agent bound to the ultraviolet absorbing chemical. The ultraviolet absorbing chemical may be an organic acid, protein, flavonoid or polyphenol compound, such as tannic acid. The capping agent may be an alkylbenzene-based surfactant, a phenylethanoid glycoside, a monophenol, or a protein, such as whey or casein.

Description

Background Art

[0001] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages cells, and prolonged exposure to UV rays is the leading cause of skin cancer in the world. UV damage can also show up as dry skin, premature skin aging, and can cause eye problems such as cataracts. Because UV rays are high in energy, they can penetrate clouds, be reflected by snow, and even pass through windows and windshields. To mitigate the damage of UV exposure, doctors recommend using a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 (usually 30) and reapplying it every two hours.

[0002] Sun-protective clothing is another important tool to help protect against harmful UV radiation. The ability of clothing to protect against UV rays is described by an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, UPF indicates how much UV radiation a fabric allows to reach your skin. For example, a fabric with a UPF of 50 blocks 98% of the sun's rays and allows 2% (1 / 50) of the sun's rays to penetrate, significantly reducing your risk of exposure. High UPF ratings can be achieved in a number of different ways, the most important being: color, structure, and content. Adding dye compounds to fabrics often improves the UPF performance of the resulting product due to the nature of the dyes used. Organic dyes are typically aromatic compounds, or contain one or more benzene rings, which are known to absorb UV radiation. Over time, the backbone of these compounds can be broken down by absorbing these high-energy rays, resulting in what is commonly referred to as "photobleaching." The structure of the fabric is equally important, with dense weaves and thicker fibers being more effective at blocking UV rays. Unfortunately, UV radiation tends to be most intense on sunny afternoons between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so thick shirts and fabrics are less than ideal in hot climates. To overcome this limitation, garments with varying fiber content are used. Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic, are formed from long polymer chains formed from resins. These chains often contain benzene rings (as mentioned earlier) that absorb UV radiation. Because of this inherent protective property, most of the outdoor fabric market is dominated by synthetic fibers or blends with natural fibers. Despite this, only about a third of summer clothing has a UPF rating of more than 15.

[0003] Current methods for improving the UPF rating of natural fibers rely on chemical additives or surface treatments. Some research groups have demonstrated the potential of coating cotton fibers with a thin layer of graphene, which helps absorb incident UV light and improve the fabric’s performance. While promising, there is little chance that this manufacturing method can be scaled up to the levels required by the textile industry. Other techniques have been developed, such as surface functionalization of fibers with titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a metal oxide additive commonly used in sunscreens for its ability to absorb UV radiation. Many groups have also investigated other nanoparticles or surface coatings, but the main obstacle is the ability to bind active agents to the surface. Most treatments wash out of the fabric after multiple washes, reducing the UPF to initial levels, and the active agents used can pollute wastewater streams. Chemical additives appear to be a better option in terms of scalability and ease of use. As mentioned earlier, organic dyes generally have excellent UV absorption properties, while natural alternatives such as flavonoids and polyphenols are also attractive options. Some research groups have used rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from plants such as citrus, to improve the UV protection properties of silk fibers. Unfortunately, none of these methods utilize chemicals that do not absorb in the visible spectrum, and all are effective in discoloring the underlying fabric in some way. Therefore, the usefulness of chemical additives is limited. Modifications are needed to enhance the UV protection of textiles.

[0004] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] While the subject matter regarded as forming the various embodiments of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the end of this specification, it is believed that the present disclosure will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0006] Figure 1 is a representative scheme of a textile substrate covered with a UV blocker and a capping agent according to various embodiments;

[0007] Figure 2 is a representative chemical structure of a fiber combined with a UV blocker according to various embodiments, the fiber also combined with a capping agent;

[0008] Figure 3 are examples of methods of making UV resistant textiles according to various embodiments;

[0009] Figure 4 is an example of a scheme for processing fabric using a production line according to various embodiments;

[0010] Figure 5 is a graph of transmittance versus wavelength for a 100% cotton control and the treated fabric sample obtained from Example 1;

[0011] Figure 6 are photographs of a 100% cotton control and a treated fabric sample obtained from Example 1;

[0012] Figure 7 is a graph of transmittance versus wavelength for a cotton / polyester blend control and the treated fabric samples obtained from Example 2; and

[0013] Figure 8 2 are photographs of a cotton / polyester blend control and treated fabric samples from Example 2. Summary of the invention

[0014] Various embodiments include UV protective textiles. In some embodiments, the UV protective textile includes a sheet substrate comprising a synthetic textile, a semi-synthetic textile, or a natural textile or a blend thereof, a UV absorbing chemical present on the substrate, and a capping agent bound to the UV absorbing chemical. The UV absorbing chemical can be, for example, an organic acid, a protein, a flavonoid, or a polyphenolic compound. In some embodiments, the UV absorbing chemical is an aromatic acid. In some embodiments, the UV absorbing chemical is gallic acid, tannic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, dopamine, or ferulic acid. In other embodiments, the UV absorbing chemical is tannic acid. In some embodiments, the capping agent is an alkylbenzene-based surfactant, a phenylethanol glycoside, a monophenol, or a protein. The capping agent can be a protein of natural origin, such as whey or casein.

[0015] The UV protection textile may be a garment configured to be worn on a user. The UV protection textile may have a cover factor greater than 97%.

[0016] The UV protection textile can be an organic porous material. The organic porous material also includes inorganic components in the form of nanoparticles, coatings or fibers.

[0017] Various embodiments include methods of making ultraviolet protective materials. In some embodiments, the method includes applying an ultraviolet absorbing organic compound in a solution to a porous material to diffuse the ultraviolet absorbing organic component into the porous material, and drying the porous material to which the ultraviolet absorbing organic compound solution has been applied so that the compound is bound to the surface of the material and to the internal fibers of the material. In some embodiments, drying the porous material includes heating the porous material. The ultraviolet absorbing organic compound can be, for example, tannic acid.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method includes, after applying the UV protection material, before or after drying the porous material, applying a capping agent in a solution to the porous material so that the capping agent diffuses into the porous material. If the capping agent is applied after the porous material is dried, the method may further include, after applying the capping agent, drying the porous material with the applied capping agent so that the capping agent binds to the UV absorbing compound. The capping agent can be a protein of natural origin, such as caseinate. The porous material can be a textile. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 338,092, filed on May 4, 2022, entitled “Pre-Ultraviolet Radiation Protective Additives for Textile and Methods of Preparation and Use,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0020] Various inventions described herein include UV blocking textiles and methods for making the same. Various embodiments include chemical additives and methods of application that increase the UPF rating of textiles without discoloring the textiles, including textiles with natural cellulose fibers. Wet chemical additives can be applied to textiles to saturate the textiles, such as by spraying them or immersing them in a chemical bath. The textiles can then be dried, such as by heating the textiles to achieve complete drying and fixing the chemicals to the yarns. In some embodiments, more than one chemical additive can be applied to the textiles, such as in a continuous process, and the textiles are optionally dried between chemical application operations.

[0021] The textiles treated as described herein have an improved ability to absorb the sun's ultraviolet rays. In various embodiments, the chemical additive is a soluble functionalized compound that is applied to the surface of the textile and then heated to dry, binding the functionalized compound to the fibers through forces such as ionic forces to prevent release during washing. The resulting fabric retains the physical properties of the original textile and provides additional ultraviolet protection for the wearer.

[0022] According to various embodiments, chemical additives for textile treatment purposes improve the ability of fabrics to block ultraviolet radiation and protect consumers. In various embodiments, the chemical additives include a first composition and a second composition. The first composition may include one or more ultraviolet blocking compounds, which have known absorbance peaks in the ultraviolet range and / or have significant absorbance in the ultraviolet range. The second composition may include one or more end-capping compounds. The end-capping compound can react with the first composition to ensure the stability of the first composition on the substrate. For example, the end-capping compound can be selected to form a chemical bond with the exposure reaction site on the ultraviolet blocking compound combined with the substrate. In this way, the end-capping compound can prevent other compounds (such as inorganic compounds and / or other compounds) from combining with the ultraviolet blocking compound, which may otherwise cause the migration of the absorbance of the ultraviolet blocking compound and / or cause the coloring of the substrate below.

[0023] Representative images of textile substrates treated according to various embodiments are shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown. The treated textile 10 includes a textile substrate 12 coated with a UV blocker 14. A capping agent 16 is combined with the UV blocker 14. In this way, the capping agent 16 reduces or prevents any reactive sites present in the UV blocker 14 from reacting with other compounds that may interfere with its UV blocking properties. Figure 1 The textile substrate 12, the UV blocker 14 and the capping agent 16 are depicted as Figure 1 different layers in the Figure 1 This is merely conceptual. In reality, the barrier agent 14 and the capping agent 16 will permeate the textile substrate 12 and its fibers and will bond throughout the fibers in a uniform manner.

[0024] In some embodiments, the second composition may be omitted. For example, if there is no concern about color change caused by the first composition, such as if the substrate does not need to remain white or remain mostly white or if the color change caused by the use of the first composition is not important or desired, then the second composition may not be necessary.

[0025] The first composition may include one or more compounds. For example, the first composition may include one or more UV absorbing chemicals, such as a mixture of UV absorbing chemicals. Chemicals that may be included in the first composition may include one or more of organic acids, proteins, flavonoids, and / or polyphenolic compounds, which may be combined with one or more stabilizers, including, for example, organic and / or inorganic stabilizers, including but not limited to sodium phosphates, alginates, and sucrose.

[0026] The UV absorbing compound included in the first composition may have the ability to absorb UV radiation through reactive groups, including but not limited to aromatic rings and conjugated double bonds. Examples of UV absorbing polyphenolic compounds that may be included in the first composition include but are not limited to gallic acid, tannic acid, dopamine, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid and other aromatic acids. Examples of end-capping compositions that may be included in the second composition include organic and inorganic end-capping agents, including but not limited to alkylbenzene-based surfactants, phenylethanol glycosides (such as tyrosol), natural monophenols (such as carnosol) and proteins of natural origin (such as whey and casein).

[0027] Figure 2 2. An example of a treated fiber 20 is shown in FIG. The treated fiber 20 includes a fiber 22, a UV blocker 24, and a capping agent 26. In this example, the hydroxyl groups of the UV blocker 24 are bonded to the R groups of the fiber 22 to cover the fiber 22 and provide UV protection to the fiber 22. Other hydroxyl groups of the UV blocker 24 that are not bonded to the fiber 22 are bonded to the capping agent 26. The bonding of the open hydroxyl groups to the capping agent 26 blocks the open hydroxyl groups of the UV blocker 24 from other interactions, such as interactions that may cause discoloration and / or interfere with its UV blocking ability.

[0028] Without the use of a capping agent, all unbound hydroxyl groups (and / or other reactive groups) of the UV blocker remain open and can interact with components in the detergent, for example, potentially causing severe discoloration of the fiber. The use of a capping agent blocks the contact of some or all of the reactive groups of the UV blocker, reducing or preventing interaction with other compositions and the resulting discoloration. Thus, the use of a capping agent allows the use of the UV blocker on materials that might otherwise be avoided due to the eventual discoloration of the material.

[0029] Various materials can be substrates functionalized using the methods described herein. The UV blocking compound can use the oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen functional groups of the material to form an effective bond with the active UV blocker. Materials that do not have these surface groups (such as metals, some plastics and glass) will not be affected by the treatment.

[0030] The methods described herein provide protection from UV radiation to the material itself and to the consumer, the UV protection obtained by the consumer depending on the form of the final product, including but not limited to fiber density, cover factor and material blends. In some embodiments, the treated knitted or woven textile can provide a cover factor of about 97% to about 100%.

[0031] In some embodiments, treated material can be porous, and in other embodiments, it can be non-porous. Treated material can be synthetic or natural textiles, including synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural weaving or non-woven textiles, fibers or microfibers. The example of operable textiles includes cotton, polyester, nylon, spandex, rayon, flax, cashmere, silk, wool, acrylic, modified polyacrylonitrile, olefin, acetate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, lyocell, latex and aramid, and one or more blended or combination in these or other materials or fibers. Therefore, textiles can be natural, such as silk, wool, cotton, cellulose, flax, jute or bamboo, or synthetic, such as nylon, polyester, acrylic, spandex, rayon, polymer such as polypropylene, polyurethane or these in greater than a combination. In some embodiments, material can be textiles, which are blends including those different materials listed above.

[0032] In some embodiments, the treated material can be a sheet. The sheet can be composed of organic and / or inorganic components. In some embodiments, the organic material sheet can be a paper material. In some embodiments, the organic material sheet can additionally include an inorganic component, which can be in the form of, for example, nanoparticles, coatings, and / or fibers.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first composition and the optional second composition can be combined with a porous carrier material (e.g., a sheet material such as a textile). The porous carrier material can be a combination of two or more of cotton, cellulose, viscose, silk, aramid, nylon, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, or these or other materials (e.g., those disclosed herein). This combination can be achieved by, for example, covalent interactions, hydrogen bonds, or electrostatic interactions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the treated material comprising a sheet having a combined composition is a UV-resistant sheet that can be used as a product or a component of a product. The UV-resistant sheet can be present in the form of a layer, such as a single layer, a double layer, a triple layer or more number of sheets, arranged alone or stacked with other UV-resistant sheets or other sheets or materials.

[0035] According to various embodiments, the treated materials can be used as UV protective clothing, such as hats, shirts, pants, jackets, scarves, and swimwear. In other embodiments, the UV protection of the treated materials can reduce or prevent UV damage to the material itself, such as products used outdoors and / or exposed to sunlight, and the UV protection can, for example, reduce or prevent fading. In some such embodiments, the treated materials can be used, for example, in home interiors, automobile or other vehicle interiors, tents, tarps, umbrellas, towels, blankets, bedding, draperies and other window coverings, and awnings.

[0036] Figure 3 An example of a functionalization process 30 for creating an ultraviolet resistant material is shown. In the first step 32, a material such as a textile is impregnated with a first composition comprising an ultraviolet blocker to saturate the material with the composition. For example, the textile can be impregnated with an ultraviolet absorbing organic chemical by soaking or by spraying. In some embodiments, the first composition is a suspension or solution (e.g., an aqueous suspension or aqueous solution) having a concentration range of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the composition, or from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, such as about 0.8% or about 2% by weight. Although the composition is aqueous in many embodiments, it can also be non-aqueous, such as a dilute solution (e.g., less than 50% or less than 25%) of an organic solvent (e.g., acetone, ethanol, or isopropanol). Applying the first composition to the textile may include saturating the textile with the composition, such as by soaking the textile in the first composition or spraying the first composition onto a carrier material.

[0037] In a second step 34, the textile is saturated with a second composition comprising a capping agent. As in the first step 32, saturation with the second composition can be performed, for example, by immersion or by spraying. In some embodiments, the composition is in a suspension or solution (e.g., an aqueous suspension or aqueous solution) at a concentration ranging from about 0.05% to about 15% by weight of the composition, or from about 1% to about 4% by weight, such as about 2.5% or about 3% by weight. Although the composition is aqueous in many embodiments, it can also be non-aqueous, such as a dilute solution (e.g., less than 50% or less than 25%) of an organic solvent (e.g., acetone, ethanol, or isopropanol). Applying the composition to the material may include saturating the carrier material with the composition, such as by soaking the material in the composition or spraying the composition onto the carrier material.

[0038] In a third step 36, the textile is dried, such as by heating, to bond the composition to the textile and to each other. For example, the composition can be bonded to the textile by drying and / or by applying heat (e.g., by use of a heated dryer). The heating process can occur, for example, in the range of about 50° C. to about 150° C., depending on the thermal stability of the substrate material being treated. Heating can cause the solution to evaporate, thereby initiating chemical bonding between the substrate and the UV blocking compound and the capping agent.

[0039] Although not in Figure 3 , but the functionalization process may also include an additional intermediate drying step after the first step 32 and before the second step 34. That is, after saturating the material with the first composition, the material may be dried, for example, by applying heat, to bond the UV blocker to the material. Such application of heat may be as described above with respect to Figure 3 The material with the bound UV blocker may then be saturated with the second composition and then treated as described above with respect to Figure 3 Dry as described in steps 2 and 3.

[0040] In some embodiments, the process of functionalizing a material with a UV blocking compound can be performed on a large scale using a continuous process, such as by Figure 4 The process shown. The carrier material 42 can be continuously conveyed, for example, on a conveyor belt of a production line. In this example, the process starts with pre-treatment of the carrier material on the left. As the carrier material is conveyed from the left to the right, a first composition 44 containing a UV blocking solution is applied to the material 42 by spraying, and then as the material 42 continuously passes through the production line, a second composition 46 containing a capping agent solution is applied by spraying. The saturated carrier material is then conveyed through a heating element 48 to bond the UV blocking compound to the carrier material and the capping agent to the UV blocking compound. The post-treated material leaves the production line from the right and can be used to produce products.

[0041] Various embodiments can use commercial or industrial dryers, which can dry large amounts of material, such as large amounts of textiles, and can run for a long time, such as running continuously all day. For example, such commercial dryers can have larger drying drum sizes, higher airflows, and higher BTU ratings, which can help reduce drying time and increase drying efficiency. In some embodiments, the dryer can apply heat to the material. In some embodiments, the dryer can direct hot air vertically to the material and / or move the material while drying, such as on a conveyor belt or by tumbling in the dryer. The heat source can be, for example, an oven, a dryer, a thermal jet, or an infrared light source, additionally or alternatively.

[0042] After heat treatment, the UV blocking composition can remain bonded to the material for an extended period of time. For example, the composition can remain bonded to the material during 50 or more subsequent uses and / or washes (e.g., laundry cycles).

[0043] experiment:

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Uncolored 100% cotton fabric obtained from Test Fabrics Ltd. was immersed in a bath of an aqueous solution containing 1 wt% of a polyphenolic compound, tannic acid. The fabric was then removed and placed in a bath of an aqueous solution containing 3 wt% of a protein blocking agent, sodium caseinate, and immediately placed on a conveyor dryer for heating. Heating was performed at a temperature of 150°C until the fabric was completely dry. A noticeable change was noted, wherein the color became a light brown / yellow color.

[0046] The UV transmittance of the fabrics in the range of 280-400nm was measured before and after treatment using a Shimadzu UV-2600i with an integrating sphere, and the UV protection factor (UPF) value was calculated according to the EN13758 method. The treated fabrics were then washed in a commercial washing machine / dryer system using standard AATCC 1993 detergents and fluorescent brighteners according to the AATCC LP1 protocol, and the UV transmittance was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0047] Table 1. Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of Treated 100% Cotton Fabrics

[0048] Comparison Treated, unwashed Treated, washed UPF value 5.4 75.1 150.9

[0049] Photos of fabrics such as Figure 6 Shown. The untreated control is on the left. The fabric in the middle was treated and has a yellowish color. The fabric on the right was treated and washed and shows some additional beige discoloration.

[0050] UPF spectrum results are as follows Figure 5 Shown is a comparison of the UV transmittance of an untreated control sample and a treated fabric before and after washing. The top line is the control, which has the highest transmittance. The middle line, with much lower transmittance, is the unwashed treated fabric. The bottom line, with the lowest transmittance, is the treated fabric after washing.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Uncolored cotton / polyester (approximately 50 / 50) fabrics obtained from an outdoor consumer clothing brand were immersed in an aqueous solution bath containing 0.8 wt% polyphenolic compound, tannic acid. The fabrics were then dried on a conveyor dryer at a temperature of approximately 100°C. The samples were then placed in an aqueous solution bath containing 2.5 wt% casein capping agent and immediately placed on a conveyor dryer for heating. Heating was performed at a temperature of 150°C until the fabric was completely dry. The treated fabrics were then washed in a commercial washer / dryer system using a standard AATCC 1993 detergent and optical brightener according to the AATCC LP1 protocol.

[0053] from Figure 8 As can be seen in the photos presented in , the treatment produced a noticeable change. The control fabric is on the left. The fabric in the middle is the unwashed treated fabric, which has a slight beige hue compared to the control fabric. The fabric on the right is the washed treated fabric, which is a darker beige than the treated fabric. A noticeable change is noted, where the color of the textile becomes a light brown / yellow.

[0054] The UV transmittance of the control and treated fabrics in the range of 280-400 nm was measured using a Shimadzu UV-2600i with an integrating sphere, and the UPF value was calculated according to the EN13758 method. Figure 7 The UV transmittance of the untreated control sample (top line) is compared to the unwashed treated fabric (middle line) as shown. The UV transmittance of the treated and washed sample is the bottom line. The UPF results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0055] Table 2. Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of Treated Cotton / Polyester Blends

[0056] Comparison Treated, unwashed Treated, washed UPF value 25 55.6 72.3

[0057] The results for Examples 1 and 2 show that the treatment resulted in much lower UV transmittance and increased UPF compared to the untreated material. Washing the treated material resulted in an additional change in color, even lower transmittance and even higher UPF, which may be due to some additional reaction between the reactive sites on the UV blocker not bound by the capping agent and a component of the washing agent, but this is expected to stabilize over time. Therefore, although these results show that the capping agent does not prevent all interaction with the UV blocker, the resulting color change is only slight, indicating that the capping agent successfully protects the interaction with the UV blocker, thereby reducing and minimizing any resulting color change.

[0058] As used herein, the term "substantially" or "generally" refers to the complete or nearly complete range or degree of an action, feature, property, state, structure, article, or result. For example, an object that is "substantially" or "generally" enclosed means that the object is completely enclosed or almost completely enclosed. In some cases, the exact degree of deviation from absolute completeness may depend on the specific circumstances. However, the degree of near completion is roughly the same as the overall result of absolute and complete completion. When "substantially" or "generally" is used to refer to the complete or nearly complete absence of a certain action, feature, property, state, structure, article, or result, its negative connotation also applies. For example, an element, combination, embodiment, or composition that is "substantially free of" or "generally free of" an element can actually still contain this element as long as there is no significant impact.

[0059] In the foregoing description, various embodiments of the present disclosure have been introduced for the purpose of illustration and description. They are not exhaustive and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments are selected and described to provide an illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and by incorporating various modifications suitable for a particular use. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims and need to be interpreted in accordance with the scope to which they are fairly, legally and equitably entitled.

Claims

1. A UV protection textile comprising: A sheet-like substrate comprising a synthetic textile, a semi-synthetic textile or a natural textile or a blend thereof; UV absorbing chemicals present on the substrate; as well as Capping agent bonded to UV absorbing chemistry.

2. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the UV absorbing chemical comprises an organic acid, a protein, a flavonoid or a polyphenolic compound.

3. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the UV absorbing chemical comprises an aromatic acid.

4. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the UV absorbing chemical comprises gallic acid, tannic acid, caffeic acid, dopamine, salicylic acid, or ferulic acid.

5. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the UV absorbing chemical comprises tannic acid.

6. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the capping agent comprises an alkylbenzene-based surfactant, phenylethanol glycosides, monophenol or protein.

7. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the capping agent comprises a protein of natural origin.

8. The UV protective textile of claim 7, wherein the naturally derived protein comprises whey or casein.

9. UV protective textiles, including garments configured to be worn by a user.

10. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the UV protective textile has a cover factor of about 97% to about 100%.

11. The UV protective textile of claim 1, wherein the sheet-form substrate comprises an organic porous material.

12. The UV protective textile of claim 11, wherein the organic porous material further comprises an inorganic component in the form of nanoparticles, a coating or fibers.

13. A method for preparing an ultraviolet protection material, comprising the following steps: a. applying a UV absorbing organic compound in a solution to a porous material so that the UV absorbing organic compound diffuses into the porous material; b. Drying the porous material to which the solution of the ultraviolet absorbing organic compound has been applied so that the compound is bonded to the surface of the material and the internal fibers of the material.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein drying the porous material comprises heating the porous material.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the UV absorbing organic compound comprises tannic acid.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising after step a: c. Applying a capping agent in a solution to the porous material to diffuse the capping agent into the porous material.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the capping agent comprises caseinate of natural origin.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein step c is performed before step b.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein step c is performed after step b, the method further comprising drying the porous material with the applied capping agent so that the capping agent is bonded to the ultraviolet absorbing compound.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the porous material comprises a textile.

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