Zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry wastes

Abstract

The invention relates to a zero emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry wastes, which comprises the following steps: carrying out compact pretreatment on the agricultural and forestry wastes, and feeding into a wave cracking reaction kettle; adjusting reaction kettle parameters of the wave cracking reaction kettle and electromagnetic parameters of M wave source generators in the reaction kettle; the parameters of the reaction kettle are adjusted, the wave cracking reaction kettle is started, and the energy density in the wave cracking reaction kettle is 100-150 Wh / L; recovering a product; wherein the M wave source generators are identical in frequency and wavelength, the frequency ranges from 200 kHz to 230 kHz, the wavelength ranges from 1500 m to 1800 m, the phase angle difference value delta theta of any two wave source generators is equal to n delta theta 0, and the value range of delta theta 0 ranges from 21 degrees to 23 degrees. According to the present invention, the agricultural and forestry waste can be converted into the gaseous natural gas, the solid active carbon and the liquid biomass fuel oil, such that the method has characteristics of low cost, high product added value, no secondary pollution, zero emission and complete recovery, the resource circulation effect is significant, and the good social benefit, the good environmental benefit and the good economic benefit can be achieved.

Description

[0001] The present invention claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410132448.2, filed with the Patent Office of China on January 30, 2024, entitled “Zero Emission Treatment Method for Agricultural and Forestry Waste”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry waste treatment, and in particular to a zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste. Background Art

[0003] Agricultural and forestry waste mainly includes straw, rice husks, edible fungus substrates, scraps, firewood, bark, peanut shells, branches, bark, shavings, etc., which are important biomass resources and renewable resources in nature. The energy conversion and utilization of agricultural and forestry waste is a research hotspot in the global renewable energy field.

[0004] Agricultural and forestry wastes are derived from plants and are mainly composed of C, H, O, N, S, etc. They are the products of plant photosynthesis. Compared with fossil energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas, they have the following characteristics: (1) Renewability. It is well known that traditional fossil energy is a non-renewable energy source. The large-scale use of this energy will lead to a serious energy crisis. Agricultural and forestry wastes are derived from plants and can be regenerated through plant photosynthesis. They are renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy. (2) Sustainability. The sustainability of social development includes the sustainability of energy. Since agricultural and forestry wastes are renewable, their sustainability can be achieved through reasonable utilization and scientific planning. (3) Rich resources. my country is a major agricultural country with diverse and widely distributed biomass and abundant resources. Research statistics show that my country produces more than 2 billion tons of agricultural and forestry wastes each year, and crop straw alone produces more than 700 million tons each year. China has abundant resources and huge development potential. (4) Diversity of utilization methods. According to the characteristics of agricultural and forestry wastes, agricultural and forestry wastes can be utilized by methods such as thermal conversion and biological conversion to convert them into oxygen-containing fuels such as biodiesel and fuel ethanol to replace fossil fuels. Wave cracking technology can also be used to convert agricultural and forestry waste into natural gas, biomass fuel and activated carbon.

[0005] However, the chemical composition of agricultural and forestry waste in my country is primarily composed of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The smoke generated by incineration contains large amounts of particulate matter such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot, and carbon particles, leading to a significant increase in PM2.5 concentrations and a decline in air quality. If agricultural and forestry waste is not properly utilized, it will result in both resource waste and environmental pollution. Currently, there are five main methods for the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste: fertilizer, fuel, raw material, feed, and base material. However, each method has its limitations. Fertilization is a production method that converts agricultural and forestry waste into commercial fertilizer, used to improve soil properties, enhance agricultural product quality, and increase agricultural yields. However, in reality, most agricultural and forestry waste fertilizer conversion methods fail to meet the expected standards. The main problem is that agricultural and forestry waste is waxy and takes a long time to decompose, which does not meet the fermentation cycle required for agricultural and forestry waste. Fuel conversion involves processing agricultural and forestry waste through compression and molding processes to increase the density of the raw materials and produce solidified fuel. Although the resulting solidified fuel has a high calorific value, the energy consumption of the agricultural and forestry waste fuel molding process is high, making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale. Raw material conversion involves using agricultural and forestry waste as a substitute for wood to make paper. However, due to seasonality, disorder, and transportation and storage issues that cannot meet industrial needs, its utilization rate is low. In addition, papermaking requires a large number of chemical raw materials, which can easily cause secondary pollution. Feed conversion involves using agricultural and forestry waste as livestock and poultry feed. However, due to the inherent imbalance of nutrients, low content, and difficulty in composting, agricultural and forestry waste has a very low nutritional value and cannot meet the needs of livestock farmers. Substrate conversion refers to the use of agricultural and forestry waste as a substrate for cultivating edible fungi. However, the large number of mushroom bags after growing mushrooms and wood ear mushrooms form a secondary solid pollution source.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new green and environmentally friendly technology with low disposal cost, high added value, significant resource utilization effect, and easy large-scale disposal of agricultural and forestry waste. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste, which has the characteristics of low cost, high product added value, no secondary pollution, zero emission and full recovery, and significant resource recycling effect, which can achieve good social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits; by reasonably controlling the electromagnetic parameters of the wave source generator and the reactor parameters in the wave cracking reactor, the wave cracking efficiency and cracking degree can be greatly improved.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a method for zero-emission treatment of agricultural and forestry waste, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: After pre-treatment of agricultural and forestry waste, the waste is sent to a cracking reactor;

[0010] Step S2, adjusting the reactor parameters of the wave cracking reactor and the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the reactor;

[0011] Step S3, adjusting the reactor parameters and starting the wave cracking reactor, wherein the energy density in the wave cracking reactor is 100-150Wh / L;

[0012] Step S4: The organic small molecule vapor overflows through the steam channel of the wave cracking reactor and is condensed to obtain condensable liquid biomass fuel and non-condensable gaseous natural gas. The solid material remaining after the organic small molecule vapor overflows is activated to obtain activated carbon.

[0013] The M wave source generators have the same frequency and wavelength, with a frequency of 200 to 230 kHz and a wavelength range of 1500 to 1800 m.

[0014] The phase angle difference between any two of the wave source generators is Δθ=nΔθ0, and the value range of Δθ0 is 21° to 23°.

[0015] According to a technical solution of the present invention, step S1 specifically includes:

[0016] The agricultural and forestry waste is crushed and compressed to form particles with a maximum size of no more than 10 cm, and then the granular agricultural and forestry waste is transported to the wave cracking reactor through a forced feeder.

[0017] According to a technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the M wave source generators are cyclically turned on, and the electromagnetic wave emitted by any of the wave source generators is expressed as:

[0018] E(t i )=A i ·sin(2πft+θ i )

[0019] Among them, t i represents the i-th time period, θ i Represents the phase angle of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, A i represents the amplitude of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, t represents time, f represents frequency, and the phase angle difference between any two adjacent wave source generators in the irradiation time period is expressed as θ i+1 -θ i , then:

[0020] Δθ0=θ i+1 -θ i .

[0021] According to a technical solution of the present invention, the wave cracking reactor is provided with a wave source generator, a straw input channel and a product discharge channel;

[0022] The wave source generator is a dual wave source generator, including an internal generator and an external generator, wherein the internal generator is arranged inside the wave cracking reactor, and the external generator is arranged outside the wave cracking reactor, and the power ratio of the internal generator to the external generator is (0.4-0.6):1;

[0023] The electromagnetic parameters of the inner generator and the outer generator are the same.

[0024] According to a technical solution of the present invention, an electromagnetic wave leakage-proof cover is provided on the outer sides of the wave cracking reactor and the wave source generator.

[0025] According to a technical solution of the present invention, any electromagnetic parameter of the wave source generator at least includes a single opening time t of the wave source generator. 单 , a phase angle difference between two wave source generators with adjacent irradiation time periods;

[0026] The single opening time t of any of the wave source generators 单 30s to 200s.

[0027] According to a technical solution of the present invention, the reactor parameters include at least the pressure in the reactor, the temperature in the reactor and the wave cracking time;

[0028] The pressure in the kettle is 6000Pa-8000Pa, the temperature in the kettle is 200°C-400°C, and the wave cracking time is 10min-200min.

[0029] According to a technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, the condensable liquid biomass fuel contains 25-35% fatty compounds and 55-65% aromatic compounds;

[0030] The non-condensable gas is a combustible gas, which includes at least 70% methane and about 10% hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The total mass percentage of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the combustible gas is greater than 80%.

[0031] According to a technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, the specific surface area of ​​the remaining solid material is greater than 80m 2 / g, average pore volume greater than 0.1cm 3 / g, which can generate activated carbon after activation.

[0032] According to a technical solution of the present invention, a wave absorbing material is further added to the wave cracking reactor and is placed in the reactor body in a fixed bed manner;

[0033] The wave absorbing material is a magnetic metal material and has maximum absorption in the frequency range of 40 to 300 KHz.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention's zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste utilizes a one-step solid-phase reaction process to convert agricultural and forestry waste into three usable substances: natural gas, biomass fuel, and activated carbon. Compared to other methods for disposing of agricultural and forestry waste, the present method offers lower costs, higher added value, zero secondary pollution, significant resource utilization, and ease of large-scale disposal of crop straw, resulting in superior environmental and economic benefits.

[0036] This method uses electromagnetic waves to resonantly break C-C bonds in agricultural and forestry waste. Electromagnetic waves at a specific temperature and frequency resonate and break C-C bonds in organic macromolecules within the waste, rapidly decomposing the biomass macromolecules. This zero-emission method requires a relatively low reaction temperature (up to 400°C), resulting in low heat energy consumption, minimal equipment damage, and improved environmental performance.

[0037] The three products of gas, solid, and liquid obtained by the zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste of the present invention can all be formed into usable products. Among them, the solid phase product has a large specific surface area and porosity, and can be used as activated carbon after conventional activation treatment; the liquid product is biomass fuel, the main components of which are fats and aromatic compounds, and can be used as a raw material for producing organic chemical products such as phenol, furfural, and acetic acid; the gaseous product is combustible gas (natural gas), the main components of which are methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, and can be used as a domestic energy source. The overall added value of the various products is high, the resource utilization effect is significant, and there is no secondary pollution. Zero emission and full recovery can be achieved, realizing the clean and large-scale treatment of agricultural and forestry waste, with outstanding economic benefits.

[0038] By rationally controlling the electromagnetic parameters of the wave source generator and the reactor parameters in the wave cracking reactor, the wave cracking efficiency and cracking degree can be greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A flow chart schematically illustrating a method for zero-emission treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic representation of the curve of the cracking degree changing with time in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing the change of the gas product ratio over time in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic representation of the curve of the cracking degree changing with time in Example 2;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the change of the gas product ratio over time in Example 2;

[0044] Figure 6 Schematic representation of the curve of the cracking degree changing with time in Example 3;

[0045] Figure 7 Schematic representation of the curve of the gas product ratio changing with time in Example 3;

[0046] Figure 8 Schematic representation of the curve of the cracking degree changing with time in Example 4;

[0047] Figure 9 Schematic representation of the change in the proportion of gas products over time in Example 4;

[0048] Figure 10 A graph schematically showing the relationship between the degree of fragmentation and the relative value of the phase angle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0050] When describing the embodiments of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship expressed by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the relevant drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0051] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments cannot be described one by one here, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.

[0052] The present invention pre-treats agricultural and forestry wastes so that the agricultural and forestry wastes are more evenly and sufficiently irradiated by waves during wave cracking, thereby improving the efficiency of wave cracking. Fixed-frequency physical waves are used as a power source, and the C—C chemical bonds are broken by resonance to achieve rapid decomposition of macromolecular substances, thereby converting the agricultural and forestry wastes into solid, liquid, and gas substances to obtain natural gas, biomass fuel, and activated carbon. A condensation recovery device is used to recover the wave cracking products, which has low energy consumption, good selectivity, stable products, and high added value, can achieve zero emissions and full recovery, and realize clean and large-scale treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes with outstanding economic benefits.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry wastes of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step S1: After pre-processing the agricultural and forestry waste, the waste is fed into a cracking reactor, which specifically includes:

[0055] The agricultural and forestry waste is crushed and compressed to form particles with a maximum size of no more than 10 cm, and then the granular agricultural and forestry waste is transported to the wave cracking reactor through a forced feeder.

[0056] The main purpose of step S1 is to dry and crush the agricultural and forestry waste. After crushing, the agricultural and forestry waste is usually powder, which can be compressed and compacted to a maximum size of no more than 10 cm, which is conducive to achieving sufficient wave absorption of the raw materials.

[0057] The wave cracking reactor is provided with a wave source generator, a straw input channel and a product discharge channel. The product discharge channel generally includes a gas-liquid product channel at the top of the reactor and a solid discharge channel at the bottom of the reactor.

[0058] Step S2, adjusting the reactor parameters of the wave cracking reactor and the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the reactor;

[0059] After starting the wave splitting reactor, it is necessary to control the M wave source generators to cycle on and off. The wave splitting reactor contains M wave source generators, which are cycled on and off in different time periods. For example, when the second wave source generator is on, the first wave source generator, the third wave source generator, and so on are all off.

[0060] The electromagnetic parameters of any of the wave source generators at least include the single opening time t of the wave source generator. 单 , a phase angle difference between two wave source generators with adjacent irradiation time periods;

[0061] The single opening time t of any of the wave source generators 单30s to 200s.

[0062] The M wave source generators are cyclically turned on, and the electromagnetic wave emitted by any of the wave source generators is expressed as:

[0063] E(t i )=A i ·sin(2πft+θ i )

[0064] Among them, t i represents the i-th time period, θ i Represents the phase angle of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, A i represents the amplitude of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, t represents time, f represents frequency, and the phase angle difference between any two adjacent wave source generators in the irradiation time period is expressed as θ i+1 -θ i , then:

[0065] Δθ0=θ i+1 -θ i .

[0066] The wave source generator is a dual wave source generator, including an internal generator and an external generator, wherein the internal generator is arranged inside the wave cracking reactor, and the external generator is arranged outside the wave cracking reactor, and the power ratio of the internal generator to the external generator is (0.4-0.6):1;

[0067] The M wave source generators have the same frequency and wavelength, the frequency is 200~230kHz, the wavelength range is 1500~1800m, the phase angle difference between any two wave source generators is Δθ=nΔθ0, the value range of Δθ0 is 21°~23°, and the electromagnetic parameters of the internal generator and the external generator of the same wave source generator are the same.

[0068] The phase angle difference θ between any two wave source generators in adjacent irradiation time periods i+1 -θ i =Δθ0, which is equivalent to setting the phase angle difference to Δθ0.

[0069] It is understandable that when the single opening time t 单 Set to 50s, phase angle difference θ i+1 -θ iWhen set to 22°, that is, Δθ0 = 22°, in the first time period (the first 50s), the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first wave source generator is expressed as: E(t1) = A1 sin(2πft + θ1). Starting from the 51st second, the first wave source generator is turned off and the second wave source generator is turned on. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the second wave source generator is expressed as: E(t2) = A2 sin(2πft + θ2). Under normal circumstances, A1 = A2, and Δθ0 = θ2 - θ1 = 22°; starting from the 101st second, the second wave source generator is turned off and the third wave source generator is turned on, then Δθ0 = θ3 - θ2 = 22°. At this time, 2Δθ0 = θ3 - θ1 = 44°, and so on. When the Mth wave source generator is turned off and the set wave splitting time has not been reached, the first wave source generator is turned on again and the next cycle begins.

[0070] Typically, the value range of M is 3 to 20, preferably, the value range is 4 to 10.

[0071] In addition, the first wave source generator, the second wave source generator, the third wave source generator... the Mth wave source generator can be regarded as the first type of wave source generator, the second type of wave source generator, the third type of wave source generator... the Mth type of wave source generator. Multiple wave source generators of each type can be set up and turned on or off at the same time to improve the wave splitting efficiency.

[0072] Furthermore, the outer sides of the wave cracking reactor and the wave source generator are both provided with electromagnetic wave leakage-proof covers, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the wave cracking process.

[0073] In addition, the wave cracking reactor is also added with wave absorbing materials, which are placed in the reactor body in a fixed bed manner;

[0074] The wave absorbing material is a magnetic metal material with maximum absorption in the frequency range of 40 to 300 KHz. The wave absorbing material can be one material or a mixture of multiple materials.

[0075] Step S3, adjusting the reactor parameters and starting the wave cracking reactor, wherein the energy density in the wave cracking reactor is 100-150Wh / L;

[0076] The reactor parameters include at least the pressure inside the reactor, the temperature inside the reactor and the wave cracking time;

[0077] The pressure in the kettle is 6000Pa-8000Pa, the temperature in the kettle is 200°C-400°C, and the wave cracking time is 10min-200min.

[0078] Step S4: The organic small molecule vapor overflows through the steam channel of the wave cracking reactor and is condensed to obtain condensable liquid biomass fuel and non-condensable gaseous natural gas. The solid material remaining after the organic small molecule vapor overflows is activated to obtain activated carbon.

[0079] Condensable liquid biomass fuel, which contains 25-35% fatty compounds and 55-65% aromatic compounds and can be used as a raw material for producing organic chemical products such as phenol, furfural, and acetic acid;

[0080] The non-condensable gas is a combustible gas, which includes at least 70% methane and about 10% hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The total mass percentage of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the combustible gas is greater than 80%, and can be used as natural gas for residents to burn and cook.

[0081] The specific surface area of ​​the remaining solid material is greater than 80m 2 / g, average pore volume greater than 0.1cm 3 / g, which can generate activated carbon after activation.

[0082] The following four specific embodiments, based on the above-described zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste, illustrate the zero-emission treatment method for agricultural and forestry waste of the present invention. In each of the following four embodiments, agricultural and forestry waste, such as corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, and wood processing waste, is used as the primary raw material, and the raw materials are pretreated as described in step S1 above.

[0083] It should also be noted that the cracking degree in the present invention is expressed as: cracking degree = (mass of gas product + mass of liquid product + solid carbon) / mass of raw material × 100%; and for the recovery rate involved in the present invention, recovery rate = (mass of gas product + mass of liquid product + solid carbon) / (mass of initial raw material - mass of remaining solid) × 100%.

[0084] Example 1

[0085] In this embodiment, after the pretreatment in step S1, 100 kg of compressed raw materials are obtained. Before the wave cracking treatment, the electromagnetic parameters of the N wave source generators in the wave cracking reactor are adjusted, and the single opening time t 单 Set to 180s, Δθ = 22°, and the number of wave source generators M = 5.

[0086] The wavelength was set to 1600m, the raw material size was set to 8cm, the wave type used for wave pyrolysis was electromagnetic wave, the wave frequency was 210kHz, the wave pyrolysis temperature was 280°C, the wave pyrolysis pressure was 8000Pa, the energy density was 145Wh / L, the wave pyrolysis time was 150min, and nano-iron oxide was added to the raw material at a rate of 3% of the total amount of the pulverized raw material.

[0087] Using the above reactor parameters and electromagnetic parameters, the wave cracking reactor was started, and the product data were as follows: a total of 23 kg of bio-oil, 2 kg of liquefied gas, about 47 kg of natural gas, and 28 kg of activated carbon. The product recovery rate was close to 100%, and the cracking degree was over 99%. During the wave cracking process, the products were continuously analyzed, and the following were obtained: Figure 2 and Figure 3 The recovery curve and gas product ratio curve are shown, where the gas ratio refers to the percentage of the obtained gas to the raw material. After the wave cracking time reaches 35 minutes, almost no gas product is produced.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] In this embodiment, after the pretreatment in step S1, 100 kg of crushed raw materials are obtained. Before the wave cracking treatment, the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the wave cracking reactor are adjusted, and the single opening time t 单 Set to 180s, Δθ = 18°, and the number of wave source generators M = 7.

[0090] The wavelength was set to 1650m, the feedstock size was set to 8cm, the wave type used for wave pulverization was electromagnetic wave, the wave frequency was 200kHz, the wave pulverization temperature was 300°C, the wave pulverization pressure was 7200Pa, the energy density was 150Wh / L, the wave pulverization time was 150min, and nano-iron oxide was added to the feedstock at a concentration of 3% of the total amount of the pulverized feedstock.

[0091] Using the above reactor parameters and electromagnetic parameters, the wave cracking reactor was started, and the product data was as follows: a total of 13.7 kg of bio-oil, 0.8 kg of liquefied gas, about 15.5 kg of natural gas, 20 kg of solid carbon, and 50 kg of uncracked solids. The product recovery rate was close to 100%, and the cracking degree was 50%. During the wave cracking process, the products were continuously analyzed, and the following were obtained: Figure 4 and Figure 5 The recovery curve and gas product ratio curve are shown, where the gas ratio refers to the percentage of the obtained gas to the raw material. After the wave cracking time reaches 100 minutes, almost no gas product is produced.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] In this embodiment, after the pretreatment in step S1, 100 kg of crushed raw materials are obtained. Before the wave cracking treatment, the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the wave cracking reactor are adjusted, and the single opening time t 单 Set to 180s, Δθ = 24°, and the number of wave source generators M = 6.

[0094] The wavelength was set to 1700m, the raw material size was set to 8cm, the wave type used for wave pyrolysis was electromagnetic wave, the wave frequency was 210kHz, the wave pyrolysis temperature was 350°C, the wave pyrolysis pressure was 7000Pa, the energy density was 160Wh / L, the wave pyrolysis time was 150min, and nano-iron oxide was added to the raw material at a concentration of 3% of the total amount of the pulverized raw material.

[0095] Using the above reactor parameters and electromagnetic parameters, the wave cracking reactor was started, and the product data were as follows: a total of 17.3 kg of bio-oil, 1.8 kg of liquefied gas, about 24.9 kg of natural gas, 43.9 kg of solid carbon, and 12.1 kg of uncracked solids. The product recovery rate was close to 100%, and the cracking degree was 87.9%. During the wave cracking process, the products were continuously analyzed, and the following were obtained: Figure 6 and Figure 7 The recovery curve and gas product ratio curve are shown, where the gas ratio refers to the percentage of the obtained gas to the raw material. After the wave cracking time reaches 80 minutes, almost no gas product is produced.

[0096] Example 4

[0097] In this embodiment, after the pretreatment in step S1, 100 kg of crushed raw materials are obtained. Before the wave cracking treatment, the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the wave cracking reactor are adjusted, and the single opening time t 单 Set to 180s, Δθ = 28°, and the number of wave source generators M = 5.

[0098] The wavelength was set to 1750m, the feedstock size was set to 8cm, the wave type used for wave pyrolysis was electromagnetic wave, the wave frequency was 220kHz, the wave pyrolysis temperature was 380°C, the wave pyrolysis pressure was 7500Pa, the energy density was 180Wh / L, the wave pyrolysis time was 150min, and nano-iron oxide was added to the feedstock at a concentration of 3% of the total pulverized feedstock.

[0099] Using the above reactor parameters and electromagnetic parameters, the wave cracking reactor was started, and the product data was as follows: a total of 9.3 kg of bio-oil, 1 kg of liquefied gas, about 12.5 kg of natural gas, 14.2 kg of solid carbon, and 63 kg of uncracked solids. The product recovery rate was close to 100%, and the cracking degree was 37%. During the wave cracking process, the products were continuously analyzed, and the following were obtained: Figure 8 and Figure 9 The recovery curve and gas product ratio curve are shown, where the gas ratio refers to the percentage of the obtained gas to the raw material. After the wave cracking time reaches 120 minutes, almost no gas product is produced.

[0100] It can be seen that the method provided by the present invention can treat agricultural and forestry wastes and realize 100% conversion of agricultural and forestry wastes into energy products. The overall added value of various products is high, the resource utilization effect is significant, and there is no secondary pollution. It can achieve zero emissions and full recycling, and realize the clean large-scale treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes with outstanding economic benefits. At the same time, the economic benefits brought by the invention are very significant. Based on the above four embodiments and the actual production process, the following diagram is drawn: Figure 10 The relationship between the cracking degree and the relative value of the phase angle is shown. By reasonably controlling the electromagnetic parameters of the wave source generator and the reactor parameters in the wave cracking reactor, the wave cracking efficiency and cracking degree can be greatly improved.

[0101] The above contents are merely examples of specific solutions of the present invention. For devices and structures not described in detail, it should be understood that they can be implemented by adopting general devices and methods available in the art.

[0102] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for zero-emission treatment of agricultural and forestry waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, after pre-treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes, send them into a wave cracking reactor; Step S2, adjusting the reactor parameters of the wave cracking reactor and the electromagnetic parameters of the M wave source generators in the reactor; Step S3, adjusting the reactor parameters, starting the wave cracking reactor, the energy density in the wave cracking reactor is 100-150Wh / L; Step S4, the organic small molecule steam overflows through the steam channel of the wave cracking reactor and is condensed to obtain condensable liquid biomass fuel and non-condensable gaseous natural gas, and the solid material remaining after the organic small molecule steam overflows is activated to obtain activated carbon; The M wave source generators have the same frequency and wavelength, with a frequency of 200 to 230 kHz and a wavelength range of 1500 to 1800 m. The phase angle difference between any two of the wave source generators is Δθ=nΔθ0, and the value range of Δθ0 is 21° to 23°.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: The agricultural and forestry waste is crushed and compressed to form particles with a maximum size of no more than 10 cm, and then the granular agricultural and forestry waste is transported to the wave cracking reactor through a forced feeder.

3. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the M wave source generators are cyclically turned on, and the electromagnetic wave emitted by any of the wave source generators is expressed as: E(t i )=A i ·sin(2πft+θ i ) Among them, t i represents the i-th time period, θ i Represents the phase angle of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, A i represents the amplitude of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, t represents time, f represents frequency, and the phase angle difference between any two adjacent wave source generators in the irradiation time period is represented by θ i+1 -θ i , then: Δθ0=θ i+1 -θ i 。 4. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave cracking reactor is provided with a wave source generator, a straw input channel and a product discharge channel; The wave source generator is a dual wave source generator, including an inner generator and an outer generator, wherein the inner generator is arranged inside the wave cracking reactor, and the outer generator is arranged outside the wave cracking reactor, and the power ratio of the inner generator to the outer generator is (0.4-0.6):1; The electromagnetic parameters of the inner generator and the outer generator are the same.

5. The processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer sides of the wave cracking reactor and the wave source generator are both provided with electromagnetic wave leakage-proof covers.

6. The processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Any electromagnetic parameter of the wave source generator at least includes a single opening time t of the wave source generator. 单 , a phase angle difference between two wave source generators with adjacent irradiation time periods; The single opening time t of any of the wave source generators 单 It is 30s to 200s.

7. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor parameters include at least the pressure inside the reactor, the temperature inside the reactor and the wave cracking time; The pressure in the kettle is 6000Pa-8000Pa, the temperature in the kettle is 200°C-400°C, and the wave cracking time is 10min-200min.

8. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the condensable liquid biomass fuel contains 25-35% of fatty compounds and 55-65% of aromatic compounds; The non-condensable gas is a combustible gas, which includes at least 70% of methane and about 10% of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The total mass percentage of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the combustible gas is greater than 80%.

9. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the specific surface area of ​​the remaining solid material is greater than 80m 2 / g, average pore volume greater than 0.1cm 3 / g, and activated carbon can be generated after activation.

10. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave cracking reaction kettle is also added with wave absorbing material, which is arranged in the kettle body in a fixed bed manner; The wave absorbing material is a magnetic metal material and has maximum absorption in the frequency range of 40 to 300 KHz.

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