Fire extinguishing agent for battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent for a battery. The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials: perfluoride, nano silicon dioxide, a supramolecular suspension stabilizer and a hyperdispersant. The specific formula comprises the following raw materials: 85 parts of perfluoride, 11 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 2 parts of a supramolecular suspension stabilizer and 2 parts of a hyperdispersant. The adsorption capacity of silicon dioxide is high, harmful gas and free radicals in battery fire disasters are better adsorbed, further development of the fire disasters is prevented, the fire extinguishing agent has good environment-friendly performance, the perfluoride fire extinguishing agent and nano silicon dioxide are environment-friendly materials and do not cause harm to the environment and human health, and in the using process, the perfluoride fire extinguishing agent and nano silicon dioxide are environmentally-friendly materials and do not cause harm to the environment and human health. The fire extinguishing agent can be rapidly vaporized, residues are not left, the influence on the environment is reduced, the fire extinguishing agent can be used for various types of battery fires including lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can rapidly extinguish the battery fires, a protective layer is formed, and the batteries are prevented from being burnt again.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular to a fire extinguishing agent for batteries. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in various industries and fields, their safety issues have gradually come into people's attention. For lithium-ion batteries, overcharging, overheating, external collisions, extrusion, immersion in water and other problems encountered during storage, transportation and use may cause them to have thermal runaway. Once a lithium-ion battery has thermal runaway, it will release toxic gases, release a lot of heat and even explode.

[0003] Existing fire extinguishing agents mainly include dry powder fire extinguishing agents, pure water, gas fire extinguishing agents, water-based fire extinguishing agents, etc., and commonly used gas fire extinguishing agents include CO2, perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane, etc., which mainly rely on diluting oxygen to achieve the effect of fire extinguishing. They cannot absorb harmful gases in battery fires, and are prone to phase separation and deposition. For battery fires occurring in open or semi-open spaces, the fire extinguishing effect is very limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent for batteries to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: The present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent for a battery, comprising the following raw materials: Perfluorinated compounds, nano-silica, supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and superdispersants; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 80-90 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 10-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-3 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer and 1-3 parts of superdispersant.

[0006] Preferably, the battery fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials: 85 parts of perfluorinated compound, 11 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 2 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and 2 parts of superdispersant.

[0007] Preferably, the perfluorinated compound is perfluorohexanone.

[0008] Preferably, the hyperdispersant is an anionic surfactant.

[0009] Preferably, the supramolecular suspension stabilizer is a supramolecular substance having hydrophobic association.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide is as follows: S1. Immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 7-8 and a concentration of 0.5-1 mol / L, react for 5-6 hours, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 6-8 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 100-130°C for primary activation to obtain an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 2-3% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain the modified nano-silicon dioxide after filtering.

[0011] Preferably, the catalyst is a mixture of one or more of tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium fluoride and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

[0012] Preferably, the water temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 35-45° C., the concentration of the activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 is 96-98%, the primary activation time is 1-2 hours, and the secondary activation time is 3-4 hours.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3: Cool the second material to room temperature, add a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stir evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery.

[0014] Preferably, the stirring speed is 500-800 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 50-80° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 30-40 min.

[0015] The battery fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention uses porous silica as a basic carrier, utilizes the dopamine self-polymerization mechanism to obtain hydrophilic silica on the surface, and then soaks it in water, so that the silica molecules can be more dispersed, which is convenient for improving the subsequent activation efficiency. During activation, sulfuric acid and silica exchange ions, increase the distance between silica molecules, thereby forming a microporous network structure, improving the adsorption capacity of silica, better adsorbing harmful gases and free radicals in battery fires, and preventing further development of the fire.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has good environmental performance. Both the perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and nano-silicon dioxide are environmentally friendly materials and will not cause harm to the environment and human health. During use, the fire extinguishing agent can be quickly vaporized without leaving any residue, thereby reducing the impact on the environment. The fire extinguishing agent can be used for various types of battery fires, including lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, etc. The fire extinguishing agent can quickly extinguish battery fires and form a protective layer to prevent the battery from reigniting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention of this embodiment provides a fire extinguishing agent for a battery, which can quickly and effectively extinguish a battery fire and prevent re-ignition, and includes the following raw materials: a perfluorinated compound, nano-silicon dioxide, a supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and a superdispersant; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 80-90 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 10-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-3 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer and 1-3 parts of superdispersant.

[0019] The battery fire extinguishing agent of this embodiment includes the following raw materials: 85 parts of perfluorinated compound, 11 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 2 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and 2 parts of superdispersant.

[0020] The perfluorinated compound of this embodiment is perfluorohexanone.

[0021] The hyperdispersant of this embodiment is an anionic surfactant.

[0022] The supramolecular suspension stabilizer of the present embodiment is a supramolecular substance with hydrophobic association. The perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent can quickly vaporize and absorb heat at high temperature, reduce the temperature at the fire scene, and interrupt the combustion chain reaction. Nano-silicon dioxide has a large specific surface area and adsorption performance, and can adsorb harmful gases and free radicals in battery fires to prevent further development of the fire. The stabilizer is a supramolecular suspension stabilizer, which is used to improve the stability and storage performance of the fire extinguishing agent. The hyperdispersant material is an anionic surfactant. The hyperdispersant is used to improve the fusion of the perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and nano-silicon dioxide, prevent secondary agglomeration of nanoparticles, reduce viscosity, and prevent phase separation and deposition.

[0023] The preparation method of nano silicon dioxide in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 7-8 and a concentration of 0.5-1 mol / L, react for 5-6 hours, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 6-8 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 100-130°C for primary activation to obtain an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 2-3% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain the modified nano-silicon dioxide after filtering.

[0024] The catalyst of this embodiment is a mixture of one or more of tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium fluoride and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

[0025] In this embodiment, the temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 35-45° C., the concentration of the activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 is 96-98%, the primary activation time is 1-2 hours, and the secondary activation time is 3-4 hours.

[0026] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of this embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3, cooling the second material to room temperature, adding a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stirring evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery; The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention freezes the nano silicon dioxide to -20°C during the preparation process, and before adding the hyperdispersant, the reaction between the perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and the nano silicon dioxide is reduced, so that the perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and the nano silicon dioxide are mixed through a special process, so that they can act synergistically during the fire extinguishing process and improve the fire extinguishing effect. At the same time, the addition of the stabilizer helps to improve the stability and service life of the fire extinguishing agent, and the hyperdispersant is used to improve the fusion of the perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and the nano silicon dioxide, so that they do not have phase separation, deposition and the like.

[0027] In this embodiment, the stirring speed is 500-800 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 50-80° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 30-40 min.

[0028] Example 1. The present invention of this embodiment provides a fire extinguishing agent for batteries, comprising the following raw materials: perfluorinated compounds, nano-silicon dioxide, supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and superdispersants; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 80 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1 part of supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and 1 part of superdispersant.

[0029] The perfluorinated compound of this embodiment is perfluorohexanone.

[0030] The hyperdispersant of this embodiment is an anionic surfactant.

[0031] The supramolecular suspension stabilizer of this embodiment is a supramolecular substance having hydrophobic association.

[0032] The preparation method of nano silicon dioxide in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 7 and a concentration of 0.5 mol / L, react for 5 hours, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 6 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 100°C for activation, and obtaining an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 2% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain modified nano-silica after filtering.

[0033] The catalysts in this embodiment are tetramethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

[0034] In this embodiment, the temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 35° C., the concentration of activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 is 96%, the first activation time is 1 hour, and the second activation time is 3 hours.

[0035] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of this embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3: Cool the second material to room temperature, add a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stir evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery.

[0036] The stirring speed of this embodiment is 500 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 50° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 30 min.

[0037] Example 2. The present invention of this embodiment provides a fire extinguishing agent for batteries, comprising the following raw materials: perfluorinated compounds, nano-silicon dioxide, supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and superdispersants; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 85 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 11 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 2 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and 2 parts of superdispersant.

[0038] The perfluorinated compound of this embodiment is perfluorohexanone.

[0039] The hyperdispersant of this embodiment is an anionic surfactant.

[0040] The supramolecular suspension stabilizer of this embodiment is a supramolecular substance having hydrophobic association.

[0041] The preparation method of nano silicon dioxide in this embodiment is as follows: S1, immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 7.5 and a concentration of 0.8 mol / L, react for 5.5 seconds, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 7 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 120°C for primary activation to obtain an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 2.5% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain the modified nano-silicon dioxide after filtering.

[0042] The catalyst in this embodiment is tetramethylammonium fluoride.

[0043] In this embodiment, the water temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 40° C., the concentrations of the activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 are both 97%, the primary activation time is 1.5 h, and the secondary activation time is 3.5 h.

[0044] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of this embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3: Cool the second material to room temperature, add a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stir evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery.

[0045] The stirring speed of this embodiment is 600 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 70° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 35 min.

[0046] Example 3. The present invention of this embodiment provides a fire extinguishing agent for batteries, comprising the following raw materials: perfluorinated compounds, nano-silicon dioxide, supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and superdispersants; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 90 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 12 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 3 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and 3 parts of superdispersants.

[0047] The perfluorinated compound of this embodiment is perfluorohexanone.

[0048] The hyperdispersant of this embodiment is an anionic surfactant.

[0049] The supramolecular suspension stabilizer of this embodiment is a supramolecular substance having hydrophobic association.

[0050] The preparation method of nano silicon dioxide in this embodiment is as follows: S1, immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 8 and a 1 mol / L concentration, react for 6 hours, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 8 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 130°C for primary activation to obtain an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 3% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain modified nano-silicon dioxide after filtering.

[0051] The catalysts in this embodiment are tetramethylammonium bromide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

[0052] In this embodiment, the water temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 45° C., the concentration of the activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 is 98%, the first activation time is 2 hours, and the second activation time is 4 hours.

[0053] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of this embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3: Cool the second material to room temperature, add a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stir evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery.

[0054] In this embodiment, the stirring speed is 800 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 80° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 40 min.

[0055] Comparative Example 1. The difference from Example 3 is that common raw materials are used to prepare the fire extinguishing agent for batteries.

[0056] The products of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are as follows: 1. Fire extinguishing time test: Experimental conditions: simulate battery fire and use the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention to extinguish the fire.

[0057] Experimental results: After the existing fire extinguishing agent comes into contact with the battery flame, the average fire extinguishing time is 5-8 seconds. After the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention comes into contact with the battery flame, the average fire extinguishing time is 3-5 seconds, which is significantly lower than the fire extinguishing time of the traditional fire extinguishing agent.

[0058] 2. Anti-reignition performance test: Experimental conditions: After extinguishing the flames using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention at a simulated battery fire scene, observe whether re-ignition occurs within a certain period of time.

[0059] Experimental results: After the existing fire extinguishing agent extinguishes the flame, the flame will reignite. After the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention extinguishes the flame, it can form a protective film to effectively prevent the battery from reigniting. No reignition occurred during the experiment.

[0060] 3. Environmental performance test: Experimental conditions: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is sprayed into a simulated environment to detect the effect of the fire extinguishing agent on the soil, water and other environments.

[0061] Experimental results: The existing fire extinguishing agent will leave residues and have an impact on the soil, water and other environments. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention vaporizes rapidly in the environment, leaving no residues, has little impact on the soil, water and other environments, and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0062] 4. Chemical stability test: Experimental conditions: Mix the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention with different chemical substances (such as acid, alkali, salt, etc.) and observe the changes of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0063] Experimental results: Existing fire extinguishing agents will produce precipitation after long-term storage, and their chemical stability is poor. After the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is mixed with various chemical substances, there is no reaction and precipitation, showing good chemical stability.

[0064] 5. Heat absorption performance test: Experimental conditions: Spray the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention onto a high-temperature object and measure the temperature change of the object.

[0065] Experimental results: The existing fire extinguishing agent has poor heat absorption performance and slow temperature reduction. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can quickly vaporize and absorb heat, so that the temperature of high-temperature objects can be quickly reduced, and has good heat absorption performance.

[0066] The products of Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are as follows: (1) Electrical resistance test: Experimental conditions: In a simulated battery fire, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is used to extinguish the fire and detect the anti-electrical performance of the fire extinguishing agent. Experimental results: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has good anti-electrical performance, can play a stable role at the battery fire scene, is not easy to conduct electricity, and ensures the safety of the fire extinguishing process.

[0067] (2) Thermal radiation barrier performance test: Experimental conditions: Spray the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention onto a heat source and measure the heat radiation effect of the heat source on surrounding objects. Experimental results: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can effectively block thermal radiation, reduce the thermal radiation effect of the heat source on surrounding objects, and improve the fire extinguishing effect.

[0068] (3) Smoke density test: Experimental conditions: In a simulated battery fire, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is used to extinguish the fire, and the smoke density of the fire extinguishing agent is tested. Experimental results: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention produces less smoke and low smoke density during the fire extinguishing process, which is beneficial to improving the visibility of the fire scene and facilitating rescue work.

[0069] (4) Cooling performance test: Experimental conditions: Spray the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention onto a high-temperature object and measure the temperature change of the object. Experimental results: The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has excellent cooling performance, can quickly reduce the temperature of high-temperature objects, and effectively prevent the spread of fire.

[0070] (5) Toxicity test: Experimental conditions: Release the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention into a closed space and detect the air quality in the space. The above experimental results show that: during the release process, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has little impact on air quality, does not produce toxic and harmful gases, and is friendly to the human body and the environment.

[0071] It can be seen from Examples 1-3 that the battery fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention has good environmental performance. Both perfluorinated fire extinguishing agent and nano-silicon dioxide are environmentally friendly materials and will not cause harm to the environment and human health. During use, the fire extinguishing agent can be quickly vaporized without leaving any residue, thereby reducing the impact on the environment. The fire extinguishing agent can be used for various types of battery fires, including lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, etc. The fire extinguishing agent can quickly extinguish battery fires and form a protective layer to prevent the battery from reigniting.

[0072] It can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 that the battery fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has excellent properties such as rapid fire extinguishing, fire prevention, environmental protection, chemical stability and heat absorption, is suitable for extinguishing various types of battery fires, and has broad application prospects and market demand.

[0073] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0074] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing agent for a battery, characterized in that: Including the following ingredients: Perfluorinated compounds, nano-silica, supramolecular suspension stabilizers, and superdispersants; The specific formula includes the following raw materials: 80-90 parts of perfluorinated compounds, 10-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-3 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer and 1-3 parts of superdispersant.

2. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: Including the following ingredients: 85 parts of perfluorinated compound, 11 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 2 parts of supramolecular suspension stabilizer, and 2 parts of superdispersant.

3. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perfluorinated compound is perfluorohexanone.

4. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hyperdispersant is an anionic surfactant.

5. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supramolecular suspension stabilizer is a supramolecular substance with hydrophobic association.

6. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide is as follows: S1. Immerse the nano-silica powder in a dopamine aqueous solution with a pH of 7-8 and a concentration of 0.5-1 mol / L, react for 5-6 hours, then take out the nano-silica powder and soak it in deionized water for 6-8 hours, stir and react for 40 minutes, centrifuge, filter the residue, and dry it for later use; S2, adding sulfuric acid while stirring, heating to 100-130°C for primary activation to obtain an active stock solution; S3. Filter the active stock solution, wash the solid with water, then add 2-3% of the catalyst, mix well and add sulfuric acid for secondary activation, and obtain the modified nano-silicon dioxide after filtering.

7. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The catalyst is a mixture of one or more of tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium fluoride and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

8. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water temperature of the deionized water in S1 is 35-45° C., the concentrations of the activated sulfuric acid in S2 and S3 are both 96-98%, the primary activation time is 1-2 hours, and the secondary activation time is 3-4 hours.

9. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: Step 1, freezing the nano-silicon dioxide to -20°C, and stirring and mixing with the perfluorinated compound to obtain a first material; Step 2, adding a hyperdispersant to the first material under stirring, stirring evenly, heating and reacting at a constant temperature to obtain a second material; Step 3: Cool the second material to room temperature, add a supramolecular suspension stabilizer to the second material and stir evenly to obtain a fire extinguishing agent for a battery.

10. A fire extinguishing agent for batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stirring speed is 500-800 r / min, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 50-80° C., and the constant temperature reaction time is 30-40 min.