A special carriage automated production system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a special carriage automated production system, which mainly relates to the field of carriage plate spot welding process. It includes a tooling unit, a pressing unit, and a welding unit. The tooling unit includes a processing table that supports a workpiece of a carriage plate with a frame. A fixed processing station and a positioning mechanism are set on the processing table. The pressing unit includes a straight-line hoisting frame and a lifting seat installed for lifting. A frame that can swing and unfold to both sides is installed below the lifting seat. A rotatable pressure wheel is installed on the frame, and the top surface of the carriage plate is pressed by the pressure wheel. A pressure regulating spring is set on the pressure wheel. The large spring obtains a variable downward pressure during the swing of the frame. The welding unit is located on both sides of the processing table to realize automatic welding. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can have the action of pushing the carriage plate from the middle to both sides before spot welding, and the pressure and pushing force gradually increase, so as to obtain a spot welding workpiece with uniform seams, avoiding uneven contact and deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of carriage plate spot welding technology, in particular to a special carriage automated production system. Background Art

[0002] Professional transport carriages have relatively mature processing technology in production and processing, which usually includes two major links: independent processing of carriage panels and splicing and assembly of carriage panels. Subsequent processes also require inner panel repair welding, slag cleaning and grinding, welding and installation, etc. The previous process also requires cutting and pre-processing of materials.

[0003] In the existing processing methods, many process links can form automated processing, including the continuous full welding operation of the car body plate. In the specific processing of the car body plate, it is necessary to first assemble and fix the processed car body plate and frame by manual spot welding, and then perform automated positioning and automated welding gun full welding on the upper assembly line. The automated operation of full welding is both accurate and efficient, but the manual spot welding link in the previous sequence has become a bottleneck that restricts production progress and limits product quality. Due to the level of manual welding, when spot welding the car body plate and the frame, it is easy to cause uneven gaps at the joints between the side of the box plate and the frame after welding, uneven box plates, obvious stress and other problems due to the uneven technical level of workers. The consistency of the workpiece is poor and cannot be remedied in the subsequent full welding, thus affecting the overall engineering quality of the car body. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special carriage automated production system, which can push the carriage plate from the middle to both sides before spot welding, and the pressure and pushing force gradually increase, so as to obtain a spot welding workpiece with uniform seams and avoid uneven contact and deformation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A special carriage automated production system, comprising:

[0007] The tooling unit includes a processing table for supporting a workpiece with a framed box plate, a fixed processing station is arranged on the processing table, and a positioning mechanism is arranged on the processing table to limit the workpiece to the processing station;

[0008] The pressing unit comprises a hanging frame with a linear walking stroke along the length direction of the processing table, a lifting seat with a lifting stroke is installed under the hanging frame, and a hanging frame fixed relatively thereto is arranged under the lifting seat, and the left and right sides of the hanging frame are hinged with an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod arranged in parallel up and down, and the ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are hingedly connected to the vertical frame body, so that the frame body can swing to both sides while maintaining a vertical state. A rotatable pressing wheel is arranged under the frame body, and a large spring is arranged under the lifting seat, and the large spring is a conical coil spring with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the bottom side of the large spring is in contact with the upper connecting rod, and a pressure regulating spring is arranged between the frame body and the pressure wheel, and the pressure regulating spring is a conical spring with a large upper part and a small lower part, and the top side of the pressure regulating spring is in contact with the lower connecting rod, and the bottom of the pressure regulating spring provides resistance to the rotation of the pressure wheel based on contact.

[0009] The welding unit comprises welding guns which are located on both sides of the processing table and have a synchronous travel stroke with the hanging frame.

[0010] The processing table adopts a long rectangular table structure, one end of which is a loading end, and the other end is a unloading end. The processing table is provided with a frame opening corresponding to the size of the inner frame of the frame on the processing station, and a corresponding support plate is installed in the frame opening in a liftable manner. The top surface of the support plate is a horizontal supporting surface. When the workpiece is positioned on the processing station by the positioning mechanism, the support plate rises and contacts the bottom surface of the compartment plate.

[0011] A lifting mechanism is provided under the support plate, and the lifting mechanism includes a base frame, a lifting cylinder, a lifting rod, and a supporting slider. The supporting slider and the lifting rod slide up and down in cooperation. The base frame is fixedly installed under the processing table, the supporting slider is fixed on the base frame, and the lifting cylinder is fixedly installed on the base frame. A lifting cylinder rod that telescopically cooperates with the lifting cylinder is provided on the top of the lifting cylinder, and the top end of the lifting cylinder rod and the top end of the lifting rod are both fixed on the support plate.

[0012] The processing table is provided with two sets of positioning mechanisms along its length direction, and the positioning mechanisms include mounting frames, telescopic guide rods, telescopic cylinders, and clamping pieces symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing table; the mounting frames are used to fix the positioning mechanisms at corresponding positions on both sides of the processing table, and the telescopic guide rods and telescopic cylinders are horizontally and transversely mounted on the mounting frames, and the telescopic guide rods are equipped with telescopic sleeves slidably connected thereto, and the inner end of the telescopic cylinder is provided with a telescopic cylinder rod telescopically matched thereto, and the inner ends of the telescopic cylinder rods and the inner ends of the telescopic guide rods are both fixed on the clamping pieces.

[0013] The processing table adopts a long rectangular table structure, one end of which is a loading end and the other end is a unloading end. A positioning baffle is provided at a position of the processing table away from the loading end. The positioning baffle is upright and extends along the width direction of the processing table. The positioning baffle can be lifted and installed on the processing table. The end face of the positioning baffle close to the loading end is an upright positioning end face. The clamping members of the two groups of positioning mechanisms are respectively a first clamping member and a second clamping member. The first clamping member is a clamping member arranged close to the positioning baffle. The first clamping member is an upright plate member whose length direction is in the same direction as the processing table. The second clamping member includes a longitudinal plate and a transverse plate fixed in an L shape. The length direction of the longitudinal plate is parallel to the first clamping member. The transverse plate is arranged at one end of the longitudinal plate away from the positioning baffle. The minimum spacing between the transverse plate and the positioning baffle corresponds to the length of the frame.

[0014] The two sides of the positioning baffle are symmetrically provided with side frames fixed on both sides of the processing table, and the top of the side frame is installed with a lifting cylinder and a lifting guide rod arranged vertically in parallel. The bottom end of the lifting cylinder is provided with a lifting cylinder rod telescopically matched with the lifting cylinder, and the bottom ends of the lifting cylinder rod and the lifting guide rod are fixed to the outer end edge position of the positioning baffle, and the lifting guide rod is slidably matched with a lifting sleeve fixed on the side frame.

[0015] The compression unit also includes a hanging rail and a pulley. The hanging rail is centrally arranged above the processing table. The pulley cooperates with the hanging rail for movement. The bottom of the pulley is used to fix the hanging frame. A lifting cylinder rod that cooperates with the lifting and sliding thereof passes through the bottom of the hanging frame. A lifting cylinder is also installed at the bottom of the hanging frame. The bottom end of the lifting cylinder is telescopically cooperated with the lifting cylinder rod. The bottom ends of the lifting cylinder rod and the lifting guide rail are fixed on the lifting seat.

[0016] An upper spring groove with a notch at the bottom is provided at the bottom of the lifting seat, the upper spring groove is an annular groove, and the upper spring groove is a flared structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, the top of the large spring is fixed in the upper spring groove, a vertical pipe extending vertically downward is fixed in the center of the upper spring groove, a door-shaped plate is provided at the bottom end of the vertical pipe, the hanging bracket is composed of two pieces and are respectively fixed on the front and rear sides of the door-shaped plate, and the vertical pipe, the door-shaped plate and the hanging bracket are all located in the large spring.

[0017] The bottom end of the frame extends downward and is fixed with a gate-type wheel frame, and the gate-type wheel frame is penetrated by a pressure shaft connected to it for rotation, and the length direction of the pressure shaft is adapted to the length direction of the processing table, and the pressure wheel is fixed on the pressure shaft, and the bottom end of the pressure-adjusting spring is provided with a multi-turn equal-diameter coil spring part, and the front and rear sides of the equal-diameter coil spring part are respectively fixed with a lower spring groove, and a pressure block is fixed to the bottom of the lower spring groove, and a U-shaped groove is provided on the bottom surface of the pressure block for penetrating it along the length direction of the processing table, and the top groove bottom of the U-shaped groove is an arc-shaped bottom surface adapted to the pressure shaft, and the notch of the U-shaped groove faces downward, and the pressure shaft is located in the U-shaped groove, and a pressure strip is fixed on the side of the lower spring groove close to the lower connecting rod, and a friction surface is provided on the side of the pressure strip close to the pressure wheel, and the friction surface is in contact with the surface of the pressure wheel.

[0018] The lower spring groove is an arc-shaped groove adapted to the curvature of the bottom side of the pressure-adjusting spring, the equal-diameter coil spring is partially inserted into the lower spring groove, the side wall of the lower spring groove is provided with two positioning bolts penetrating therethrough and threadedly connected, the inner end of the positioning bolt is provided with a light rod protruding from the inner wall of the lower spring groove, the extending direction of the positioning bolt corresponds to the radial direction of the lower spring groove, the front and rear sides of the portal wheel frame are respectively provided with pads, the outer end faces of the pads are arc-shaped surfaces adapted to the lower spring groove, a slide groove cooperating with the light rod is provided on the arc-shaped surface, the light rod is inserted into the slide groove and slides up and down with the slide groove.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] Through this system, an automated welding gun is used to spot weld the joints on both sides of the compartment plate. Before the spot welding operation, the pressing module and the welding machine are synchronized and perform a downward pressing action. During the downward pressing, the connecting rods on both sides swing outward, so that the pressing wheel is pressed on the compartment plate and moves from the middle to the outside. Based on the cooperation of the large spring and the upper connecting rod, a larger pressure is obtained. Through the cooperation of the pressure-adjusting spring and the lower connecting rod, the rotational resistance of the pressing wheel is gradually increased, thereby obtaining a variable thrust for pushing the compartment plate outward, and the side of the compartment plate is more effectively brought closer to the frame. Based on the constant action of the pressing module, while changing the pressure and thrust, each push can remain unchanged. Therefore, the joints obtained by each spot welding can be highly consistent, which can not only ensure the tight joints, but also ensure that the extension and joints of the compartment plate are equal each time, and ensure that each spot welding is highly consistent, eliminate stress, avoid deformation, and obtain high-quality spot welding assembly workpieces, laying a reliable quality premise for subsequent group processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of one end of the present invention (the connecting rod is retracted and the pressure wheel has just landed on the compartment plate position).

[0022] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of one end of the present invention (connecting rod unfolded, pressure wheel pushed to the edge of the compartment plate).

[0023] Figure 3 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 2 Top view of the .

[0025] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 4 The connecting rod collapsed diagram under the AA section view.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the components of the compression mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the unfolded state of the compression mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Numbers shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0029] 1. Processing table; 2. Positioning baffle; 3. Side frame; 4. Lifting cylinder; 5. Lifting guide rod; 6. Mounting frame; 7. Telescopic guide rod; 8. Telescopic cylinder; 9. First clamping piece; 10. Second clamping piece; 11. Frame opening; 12. Support plate; 13. Base frame; 14. Lifting cylinder; 15. Lifting light rod; 16. Hanging rail; 17. Pulley; 18. Lifting rail; 19. Lifting cylinder; 20. Lifting frame; 21. Lifting seat; 22. Upper spring slot; 23. Large spring; 24. Vertical pipe; 25. Door plate; 26. Hanger; 27. Upper connecting rod; 28. Lower connecting rod; 29. ​​Frame; 30. Door wheel frame; 31. Pressure regulating spring; 32. Lower spring slot; 33. Pressure block; 34. U-shaped slot; 35. Pressure strip; 36. Positioning bolt; 37. Spacer block; 38. Slide; 39. Pressure shaft; 40. Pressure wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the application equally.

[0031] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art. Embodiment 1:

[0032] In the process of processing the side panels of the carriage, it is usually necessary to process the frame and the compartment panel separately. The processing of the frame mainly includes cutting and welding, and the compartment panel usually includes sheet metal, shearing, deburring and other processes. The two independent components can be processed separately by automated equipment, which is efficient and has stable quality.

[0033] When it comes to the spot welding assembly, it is completely done manually on the workbench. During spot welding, workers quickly take spots for welding at intervals and knock on the compartment plate to provide a certain amount of pressure. The sides of the compartment plate are in close contact with the frame during welding to avoid welding deformation and warping in the middle. Because the plate is thin and will deform after bearing weight, it is difficult to position and press it through tooling, which makes automation very difficult.

[0034] This system uses a dynamic self-balancing pressure unit whose pressure capacity changes with position to achieve appropriate dynamic balance pressure on the compartment plate during welding, and complete the spot welding operation. Its specific structure is as follows:

[0035] The processing system includes: tooling unit, welding unit and pressing unit.

[0036] 1. Tooling unit

[0037] The tooling unit is used to support the workpiece and facilitate the connection of materials in upstream and downstream processes.

[0038] It mainly includes a processing table 1, which is a metal platform fixed on the ground of the production area.

[0039] The processing table 1 adopts a long rectangular table structure, and manual loading is adopted near one end in its length direction, which is defined as the loading end, and unloading operation is adopted at the other end, which is defined as the unloading end, so that the two workstations can operate separately without interfering with each other.

[0040] The loading end is used to load the box plate and the frame respectively. After loading, the box plate can be assembled manually to place the box plate in the frame. The assembled box plate and frame are pushed to the processing station. Since the top surface of the processing table 1 is a smooth table surface, it is easy to push it to the processing station with little effort.

[0041] A positioning baffle 2 is provided at a position of the processing table 1 away from the loading end. The positioning baffle 2 is upright and extends along the width direction of the processing table 1. The end face of the positioning baffle 2 close to the loading end is an upright positioning end face. After one end of the frame is pushed onto the positioning end face, one end of the baffle is positioned and stopped.

[0042] The two sides of the positioning baffle 2 are symmetrically provided with side frames 3 fixed on both sides of the processing table 1. The top of the side frame 3 is installed with a lifting cylinder 4 and a lifting guide rod 5 arranged vertically in parallel. The bottom end of the lifting cylinder 4 is provided with a lifting cylinder 4 rod telescopically matched with it. The bottom ends of the lifting cylinder 4 rod and the lifting guide rod 5 are fixed at the outer end edge position of the positioning baffle 2. The lifting guide rod 5 is slidably matched with a lifting sleeve fixed on the side frame 3, so as to realize the lifting of the positioning baffle 2, which is convenient for material passing after welding is completed, allowing the workpiece to be unloaded from the unloading end, separating the workstations, and facilitating process connection and worker operation.

[0043] The processing table 1 is provided with two sets of positioning mechanisms along its length direction, one set of positioning mechanisms is arranged close to the baffle, and the other set is arranged close to the feeding end. The two sets of positioning mechanisms are respectively used to position the front and rear ends of the frame.

[0044] The positioning mechanism includes a mounting frame 6, a telescopic guide rod 7, a telescopic cylinder 8, and a clamping member symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing table 1;

[0045] The mounting frame 6 is used to fix the positioning mechanism at corresponding positions on both sides of the processing table 1. The telescopic guide rod 7 and the telescopic cylinder 8 are horizontally installed in parallel on the mounting frame 6. The length direction of the telescopic guide rod 7 and the telescopic cylinder 8 is consistent with the width direction of the processing table 1, and is used to provide a reciprocating telescopic stroke along the width direction of the processing table 1. The telescopic guide rod 7 is equipped with a telescopic sleeve slidably connected thereto, and the inner end of the telescopic cylinder 8 is provided with a telescopic cylinder rod that cooperates with it for telescopic operation. The inner ends of the telescopic cylinder rod and the telescopic guide rod 7 are both fixed on the clamping member, and are used to drive the telescopic stroke. This is not limited to the present example. The telescopic cylinder 8 can be implemented by a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, or can be replaced by other common driving structures such as a screw guide rail.

[0046] The clamping members of the two groups of positioning mechanisms are structurally different. The clamping member arranged at the positioning baffle 2 is the first clamping member 9, and the one away from the positioning baffle 2 is the second clamping member 10. The first clamping member 9 is an upright straight plate structure. The length direction of the first clamping member 9 is consistent with the length direction of the processing table 1. One end of the first clamping member 9 is adjacent to the positioning baffle 2 and the gap does not exceed 1 mm. The second clamping member 10 is an upright and L-shaped plate, including a vertically fixed integrally formed longitudinal plate and a transverse plate. The length direction of the longitudinal plate is parallel to the first clamping member 9. The transverse plate is arranged at the end of the longitudinal plate away from the positioning baffle 2. The outer side of the transverse plate is connected to the end of the longitudinal plate close to the feeding end. The minimum spacing between the transverse plate and the positioning baffle 2 corresponds to the length of the frame.

[0047] The telescopic strokes of the first clamping member 9 and the second clamping member 10 are synchronized. When the frame is pushed forward, the front end of the frame first contacts the positioning baffle 2 and is stopped by the positioning baffle 2. The first clamping members 9 and the second clamping members 10 on both sides move laterally inward. The first clamping member 9 cooperates with the positioning baffle 2 to position the corner ends of the front side of the frame, and the two second clamping members 10 clamp and position the two corner ends of the rear side of the frame, thereby fixing the frame on a preset processing station to facilitate subsequent pressure application and welding.

[0048] The processing table 1 is provided with a frame opening 11 corresponding to the size of the inner frame of the frame at the processing station, and a support plate 12 adapted thereto is provided in the frame opening 11. The top surface of the support plate 12 is a horizontal supporting surface, which is used to support and level the bottom surface of the box board below the box board. When the square frame is clamped by the first clamping member 9 and the second clamping member 10, the support plate 12 corresponds to the size and position of the box board up and down. A lifting mechanism is provided below the support plate 12, and the lifting mechanism includes a base frame 13, a lifting cylinder 14, a lifting rod 15, and a supporting slider. The supporting slider and the lifting rod 15 slide up and down. The base frame 13 is fixedly installed below the processing table 1, the supporting slider is fixed on the base frame 13, and the lifting cylinder 14 is fixedly installed on the base frame 13. The top of the lifting cylinder 14 is provided with a lifting cylinder rod that is telescopically matched with it, and the top of the lifting cylinder rod is fixed on the support plate 12.

[0049] Based on the lifting mechanism, the support plate 12 has a lifting stroke to rise or fall back, the lower end of the lifting stroke is to make the top surface of the support plate 12 coplanar with the surface of the processing table 1, and the upper end of the lifting stroke is located at the bottom surface of the box plate. A small lifting is achieved to support the compression of the box plate.

[0050] 2. Oppression Unit

[0051] The pressing unit includes a hanging rail 16 , a pulley 17 , a lifting rail 18 , a lifting cylinder 19 , and a lifting seat 21 .

[0052] The hanging rail 16 is centrally installed above the processing table 1, and the length direction of the hanging rail 16 is consistent with the length direction of the processing table 1. The top of the pulley 17 is provided with a running wheel that matches the hanging rail 16, and at least one of the running wheels is driven to rotate based on a motor. A hanging frame 20 is fixed below the pulley 17.

[0053] The lifting guide rail 18 is slidably fitted with a lifting sleeve, and the lifting sleeve and the lifting cylinder 19 are fixed on the lifting frame 20. The bottom end of the lifting cylinder 19 is provided with a lifting cylinder rod that is telescopically fitted therewith, and the bottom end of the lifting cylinder rod and the bottom end of the lifting guide rail 18 are fixed on a lifting seat 21, wherein the lifting guide rail 18 adopts an optical axis guide rail, and the double guide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting cylinder 19 to achieve stable guiding of the lifting stroke.

[0054] An upper spring groove 22 with a notch at the bottom is provided at the bottom of the lifting seat 21. The upper spring groove 22 is an annular groove, and the upper spring groove 22 is a flared structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. A large spring 23 is fixed in the upper spring groove 22. The large spring 23 is a conical spring whose diameter gradually increases from top to bottom. A vertical pipe 24 extending vertically downward is fixed to the center of the upper spring groove 22. The vertical pipe 24 is a tubular structure, which is convenient for installation and fixation with the bottom end of the lifting cylinder rod through the tube cavity. A plurality of mounting holes can be provided on the side wall of the vertical pipe 24, the bottom of the lifting cylinder rod is inserted into the vertical pipe, and screws are used to penetrate the mounting holes to fix the bottom of the lifting cylinder rod in the vertical pipe 24, so as to realize the installation and fixation of the bottom end of the lifting cylinder rod and the lifting seat 21. This fixing method is convenient for installation and disassembly, and is easy to adjust the installation depth, and can be driven in the center to achieve stable lifting.

[0055] A door-shaped plate 25 is provided at the bottom end of the vertical pipe 24, and hangers 26 are fixed to the front and rear sides of the door-shaped plate 25 by long bolts respectively. There are two hangers 26 and they are fixed front and back along the length direction of the processing table 1. The large spring 23 is sleeved on the outside of the vertical pipe 24, the door-shaped plate 25 and the hanger 26 to encompass the entire lifting suspension structure. The bottom side of the large spring 23 abuts against the four upper connecting rods 27 on both sides.

[0056] The two sides of the hanger 26 are provided with an upper hinge position and a lower hinge position which are symmetrical with respect to the center of the processing table 1. The upper hinge position and the lower hinge position on the same side are arranged correspondingly up and down. An upper connecting rod 27 is hinged on the upper hinge position, and a lower connecting rod 28 is hinged on the lower hinge position. The upper connecting rod 27 and the lower connecting rod 28 are of equal length. The ends of the two upper connecting rods 27 on the same side are hinged with an upper connecting shaft, and the ends of the two lower connecting rods 28 on the same side are hinged with a lower connecting shaft. The upper connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft are fixed to an upright frame 29 through a connecting frame. Based on the double-link hinge of the upper connecting rod 27 and the lower connecting rod 28, the frame 29 swings with the swing of the upper connecting rod 27 and can always remain vertical. The bottom end of the frame 29 extends downward and is fixed with a gate-type wheel frame 30, through which a pressure shaft 39 rotatably connected is passed, and the length direction of the pressure shaft 39 is adapted to the length direction of the processing table 1, and a pressure wheel 40 is fixed on the pressure shaft 39, which is used to press the raised part on the compartment plate.

[0057] The outer part of the door-type wheel frame 30 is covered with a pressure-adjusting spring 31, which is a conical spring with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part as a whole. The bottom of the pressure-adjusting spring 31 has 2-4 turns of coil springs with a constant diameter for easy fixation. The upper side of the pressure-adjusting spring 31 abuts against the bottom surface of the lower connecting rod 28, and the bottom side of the pressure-adjusting spring 31 is provided with a lower spring groove 32 fixedly connected thereto. The lower spring grooves 32 of a pressure-adjusting spring 31 are two symmetrical front and back, and the lower spring grooves 32 are arc grooves adapted to the curvature of the bottom side of the pressure-adjusting spring 31. Based on the fact that the bottom of the pressure-adjusting spring 31 is a 2.5-turn equal-diameter coil spring, it is convenient to insert it into the lower spring groove 32 and fix it by screws. A pressing block 33 is fixed at the bottom of the lower spring groove 32. A U-shaped groove 34 is provided on the bottom surface of the pressing block 33 to penetrate the pressing block along the length direction of the processing table 1. The top groove bottom of the U-shaped groove 34 is an arc-shaped bottom surface adapted to the pressing shaft 39. The notch of the U-shaped groove 34 faces downward, and the pressing shaft 39 is located in the U-shaped groove 34. A pressure strip 35 is fixed on the side of the lower spring groove 32 close to the lower connecting rod 28. The pressure strip 35 is fixed to the bottom surfaces of the two lower spring grooves 32 at the same time. On the one hand, the two lower spring grooves 32 are fixed and stabilized. On the other hand, it is mainly used to provide friction resistance to the pressing wheel 40. The pressure strip 35 is arranged on the upper part of the inner side of the pressing wheel 40 close to the lower connecting rod 28. The side of the pressure strip 35 close to the pressing wheel 40 is provided with a friction surface, and the friction surface can be an inclined surface.

[0058] The inner side of the lower spring groove 32 is slidably matched with the front and rear sides of the door-shaped wheel frame 30. The specific structure is combined with the fixing structure of the lower spring groove 32. In the design that we have repeatedly adjusted, the following structure is adopted:

[0059] The lower spring groove 32 is an arc-shaped groove, and the calibrated part at the bottom of the pressure regulating spring 31 is inserted into the lower spring groove 32. The side wall of the lower spring groove 32 is provided with two positioning bolts 36 that penetrate it and are threadedly connected. The inner end of the positioning bolt 36 is provided with a light rod protruding from the inner wall of the lower spring groove 32. The extending direction of the positioning bolt 36 corresponds to the radial direction of the lower spring groove 32. The front and rear sides of the portal wheel frame 30 are respectively provided with pads 37. The outer end surface of the pad 37 is an arc-shaped surface adapted to the lower spring groove 32, which is used to stabilize the up and down sliding of the lower spring groove 32 under pressure (and under the condition of pressure sinking). A slide groove 38 cooperating with the light rod is provided on the arc surface. The light rod is inserted into the slide groove 38 and slides up and down with the slide groove 38. The slide groove 38 is a structure closed at both ends, and the upper and lower ends are constrained on the up and down sliding of the light rod to prevent the lower spring groove 32 from detaching.

[0060] After the workpiece is fixed, the device is above the workpiece, and the lifting seat 21 falls, so that when the pressure wheel 40 contacts and presses on the top surface of the raised part of the compartment plate, the lifting seat 21 continues to move downward, and under pressure, the upper connecting rod 27 and the lower connecting rod 28 swing and expand to both sides, so that the frames 29 on both sides are separated from each other, and the pressure wheel 40 is pushed and pressed from the center of the convex strip of the compartment plate to the direction close to the square frame. In the process of opening the upper connecting rod 27, the upper connecting rod 27 swings upward to compress the striking spring. With the swinging and expansion, the deformation of the large spring 23 gradually increases, so that the pressure wheel 40 can be pressed and pushed to both sides, and a downward elastic pressure force is applied to the pressure wheel 40, so that it presses on the top surface of the compartment plate, and pushes and presses from the middle to both sides with elastic force.

[0061] The lower connecting rod 28 swings synchronously with the upper connecting rod 27. The gradual leveling of the lower connecting rod 28 also presses the pressure-adjusting spring 31 downward, continuously compressing the pressure-adjusting spring 31 and gradually accumulating potential energy, so that the pressure fed back downward by the pressure-adjusting spring 31 becomes larger and larger, thereby the friction force brought by the pressure on the pressure wheel 40 and the pressure shaft 39 becomes larger and larger, so that the rotational resistance of the pressure wheel 40 gradually increases as the pressure wheel 40 moves outward. When the bottom surface of the pressure wheel 40 contacts the top surface of the compartment plate, based on the increase in the rotational resistance of the pressure wheel 40 during movement, the surface of the pressure wheel 40 generates an outward friction force on the surface of the compartment plate, thereby promoting and pushing the compartment plate to extend to both sides.

[0062] Based on the special pressing structure, the obtained action effect is that the pressure wheels 40 on both sides fall down in the middle of the compartment plate and press and roll outward from the middle. During the rolling, the elastic pressure of the pressure wheel 40 on the compartment plate gradually increases, and the rolling resistance of the pressure wheel 40 gradually increases, so that the friction between the pressure wheel 40 and the outward push of the compartment plate gradually increases, achieving the effect of dynamically increasing the pressure and outward push when the compartment plate is about the edge (the contact position with the frame), which meets the need to increase the pressure when the compartment plate is about the edge position, and also meets the need to push the compartment plate as close to the frame as possible.

[0063] 3. Welding Unit

[0064] Automatic welding guns are installed on both sides of the hanging frame 20, and the welding guns perform electric welding on the convex strip positions of the corresponding frame and the compartment plate. The automatic alignment welding based on the welding gun is a mature technology and will not be repeated in the drawings and descriptions.

[0065] Not limited to this example, a linear track mechanism can be set on both sides of the processing table 1, and a welding gun can be installed on the track mechanism, and the welding gun and the hoisting frame 20 can be set to move synchronously to achieve consistency between the pressure position and the electric welding position. Each electric welding can push outward and press down the convex position of the compartment plate, combined with the support positioning of the bottom support table, to ensure accurate welding position, high welding seam accuracy, close connection between the compartment plate and the frame, and reduce deformation. It provides a more solid premise for subsequent full welding and finished product quality.

[0066] When the system is running, the following steps are performed through sequential actions:

[0067] S1, the assembled square frame and the box plate are loaded or prepared at one end of the processing table, the assembled workpiece with the box plate frame is pushed to the processing station, and the workpiece is limited to the processing station through the positioning mechanism,

[0068] In step S1, the specific actions performed are as follows:

[0069] s1.1, first drop the positioning baffle so that the bottom side of the positioning baffle is close to the processing table;

[0070] s1.2, push the workpiece again, so that one end of the workpiece contacts with the positioning baffle and is stopped by the positioning baffle, and the width direction of the workpiece is aligned with the processing table in the horizontal direction by the contact between the front side of the workpiece and the positioning baffle during pushing;

[0071] s1.3, the clamping pieces on both sides are simultaneously brought together to the middle, positioning the two sides of the workpiece in the middle, and the second clamping piece cooperates with the baffle to position the workpiece front and back;

[0072] S2, the pressing unit and the welding unit are synchronized, and each time the lifting seat performs a drop and rise stroke, the welding mechanism performs a spot welding on the joint of the frame and the compartment plate;

[0073] In step S2, the specific actions performed are as follows:

[0074] s2.1, the hoisting frame and the welding gun move to one end of the workpiece, which corresponds to the first protruding part of the box plate from that end;

[0075] s2.2, the lifting seat descends so that the bottom circumference of the pressure wheel contacts the box plate, and the lifting seat continues to descend so that the upper connecting rods and the lower connecting rods on both sides swing synchronously, and the frame drives the pressure wheel to move toward the frame. Under the action of the large spring, the pressure wheel has the elasticity to apply pressure to the box plate. The closer it is to the frame, the greater the pressure. At the same time, based on the pressure regulating spring, the rolling resistance of the pressure wheel gradually increases, so that the closer it is to the frame, the more it pushes the box plate toward the frame;

[0076] s2.3, when the lifting seat is kept at the lower end of its lifting stroke, the welding gun performs a spot welding on the joint between the car plate and the frame;

[0077] s2.4, the lifting seat performs the ascending action until the pressure wheel is separated from the compartment plate;

[0078] s2.5, the hoisting frame and the welding gun move synchronously to the adjacent protrusions of the car body, and repeat steps s2.1-s2.4 until the spot welding of the car body is completed;

[0079] S3, the positioning mechanism releases the limit on the workpiece; specifically, the positioning baffle is lifted, and the clamping parts move away from each other and reset to the side of the processing table;

[0080] S4, the workpiece is unloaded at the other end. Embodiment 2:

[0081] On the basis that other structures of Example 1 remain unchanged, related equipment for automatic assembly can be added to the feeding end, and its specific structure can be combined with existing assembly equipment for compartment panels and frames to realize automation of the entire welding process.

[0082] At the same time, based on the fact that the assembly structure is completed automatically, a vertical plate is provided at the loading end of the processing table 1, and sliding rods slidably connected to the vertical plate are arranged in parallel on the left and right sides as guides. The length direction of the sliding rod corresponds to the length direction of the processing table 1, and a push plate is fixed to the inner end of the sliding rod. A pushing cylinder is also installed on the outer side of the vertical plate. A pushing cylinder rod is provided at the inner end of the pushing cylinder, and the inner end of the pushing cylinder rod is fixed to the outer end face of the pushing plate, thereby realizing reciprocating pushing of the pushing plate relative to the length direction of the processing table 1, and is used to push the assembled frame of the box plate to the positioning baffle 2, saving labor.

Claims

1. A special carriage automated production system, characterized in that: include: The tooling unit comprises a processing table (1) for supporting a workpiece with a framed box plate, a fixed processing station being arranged on the processing table (1), and a positioning mechanism for limiting the workpiece to the processing station being arranged on the processing table (1); The pressing unit comprises a hanging frame (20) having a linear travel stroke along the length direction of the processing table (1), a lifting seat (21) having a lifting stroke is installed below the hanging frame (20), a hanging frame (26) fixed relative to the lifting seat (21) is provided below the lifting seat (21), and upper connecting rods (27) and lower connecting rods (28) arranged in parallel with each other are hingedly connected on the left and right sides of the hanging frame (26), and the ends of the upper connecting rods (27) and the lower connecting rods (28) are hingedly connected to a vertical frame (29), so that the frame (29) can swing to both sides while being kept in a vertical state, and the frame A rotatable pressure wheel (40) is provided below the body (29); a large spring (23) is provided below the lifting seat (21); the large spring (23) is a conical coil spring with a small top and a large bottom; the bottom side of the large spring (23) is in contact with the upper connecting rod (27); a pressure regulating spring (31) is provided between the frame (29) and the pressure wheel (40); the pressure regulating spring (31) is a conical spring with a large top and a small bottom; the top side of the pressure regulating spring (31) is in contact with the lower connecting rod (28); the bottom of the pressure regulating spring (31) provides resistance to the rotation of the pressure wheel (40) based on the contact. The welding unit comprises welding guns located on both sides of a processing table (1) and having a synchronous travel stroke with a hanging frame (20).

2. According to claim 1, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: The processing table (1) adopts a long rectangular table structure, one end of which is a loading end and the other end is a unloading end. The processing table (1) is provided with a frame opening (11) corresponding to the size of the inner frame of the frame on the processing station, and a supporting plate (12) adapted to the frame opening (11) is installed in a movably movable manner. The top surface of the supporting plate (12) is a horizontal supporting surface. When the workpiece is positioned on the processing station by the positioning mechanism, the supporting plate (12) rises and contacts the bottom surface of the compartment plate.

3. According to claim 2, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: A lifting mechanism is provided below the support plate (12), and the lifting mechanism includes a base frame (13), a lifting cylinder (14), a lifting rod (15), and a supporting slider. The supporting slider and the lifting rod (15) slide in cooperation with each other up and down. The base frame (13) is fixedly installed below the processing table (1), the supporting slider is fixed on the base frame (13), the lifting cylinder (14) is fixedly installed on the base frame (13), and a lifting cylinder rod that telescopically cooperates with the lifting cylinder (14) is provided at the top of the lifting cylinder (14). The top end of the lifting cylinder rod and the top end of the lifting rod (15) are both fixed on the support plate (12).

4. According to claim 1, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: The processing table (1) is provided with two sets of positioning mechanisms along its length direction, and the positioning mechanisms include a mounting frame (6), a telescopic guide rod (7), a telescopic cylinder (8), and a clamping member symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing table (1); the mounting frame (6) is used to fix the positioning mechanism at corresponding positions on both sides of the processing table (1); the telescopic guide rod (7) and the telescopic cylinder (8) are horizontally and transversely mounted on the mounting frame (6); the telescopic guide rod (7) is matched with a telescopic sleeve slidably connected thereto; the inner end of the telescopic cylinder (8) is provided with a telescopic cylinder rod telescopically matched thereto; the inner end of the telescopic cylinder rod and the inner end of the telescopic guide rod (7) are both fixed on the clamping member.

5. According to claim 4, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: The processing table (1) adopts a long rectangular table structure, one end of which is a loading end and the other end is a unloading end. A positioning baffle (2) is provided at a position of the processing table (1) away from the loading end. The positioning baffle (2) is arranged upright and extends along the width direction of the processing table (1). The positioning baffle (2) is installed on the processing table (1) in a liftable manner. The end face of the positioning baffle (2) close to the loading end is an upright positioning end face. The clamping members of the two sets of positioning mechanisms are respectively a first clamping member (9) and a second clamping member (10). The second clamping member (10) is a clamping member arranged close to the positioning baffle (2), the first clamping member (9) is a vertical plate member whose length direction is in the same direction as the processing table (1), the second clamping member (10) comprises a longitudinal plate and a transverse plate fixed in an L shape, the length direction of the longitudinal plate is in the same direction as the first clamping member (9), the transverse plate is arranged at an end of the longitudinal plate away from the positioning baffle (2), and the minimum spacing between the transverse plate and the positioning baffle (2) corresponds to the length of the frame.

6. According to claim 5, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: The two sides of the positioning baffle (2) are symmetrically provided with side frames (3) fixed on the two sides of the processing table (1); the top of the side frame (3) is installed with a lifting cylinder (4) and a lifting guide rod (5) arranged vertically in parallel; the bottom end of the lifting cylinder (4) is provided with a lifting cylinder rod telescopically matched therewith; the bottom ends of the lifting cylinder rod and the lifting guide rod (5) are fixed at the outer end edge position of the positioning baffle (2); the lifting guide rod (5) is slidably matched with a lifting sleeve fixed on the side frame (3).

7. According to claim 1, a special carriage automated production system is characterized in that: The compression unit also includes a hanging rail (16) and a pulley (17). The hanging rail (16) is centrally arranged above the processing table (1). The pulley (17) cooperates with the hanging rail (16) in movement. The bottom of the pulley (17) is used to fix the hanging frame (20). The bottom of the hanging frame (20) is penetrated by a lifting cylinder rod that cooperates with the lifting and sliding movement thereof. A lifting cylinder (19) is also installed at the bottom of the hanging frame (20). The bottom end of the lifting cylinder (19) is telescopically cooperated with the lifting cylinder rod. The bottom ends of the lifting cylinder rod and the lifting guide rail (18) are fixed on the lifting seat (21).

8. The automatic production system for special carriages according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The bottom of the lifting seat (21) is provided with an upper spring groove (22) with a notch at the bottom, the upper spring groove (22) is an annular groove, and the upper spring groove (22) is a flared structure with a width at the bottom and a narrowness at the top, the top of the large spring (23) is fixed in the upper spring groove (22), a vertical pipe (24) extending vertically downward is fixed in the center of the upper spring groove (22), a door-shaped plate (25) is provided at the bottom end of the vertical pipe (24), the hanging bracket (26) is composed of two pieces and is respectively fixed to the front and rear sides of the door-shaped plate (25), and the vertical pipe (24), the door-shaped plate (25) and the hanging bracket (26) are all located in the large spring (23).

9. The automatic production system for special carriages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the frame (29) extends downward and is fixed with a gate-shaped wheel frame (30), the gate-shaped wheel frame (30) is penetrated by a pressure shaft (39) rotatably connected thereto, the length direction of the pressure shaft (39) is adapted to the length direction of the processing table (1), the pressure wheel (40) is fixed on the pressure shaft (39), the bottom end of the pressure regulating spring (31) is provided with a plurality of turns of equal-diameter helical spring parts, the front and rear sides of the equal-diameter helical spring parts are respectively fixed with lower spring grooves (32), the bottom of the lower spring groove (32) is fixed with a pressure block (33) ), a U-shaped groove (34) is provided on the bottom surface of the pressure block (33) and penetrates the pressure block along the length direction of the processing table (1), the top groove bottom of the U-shaped groove (34) is an arc-shaped bottom surface adapted to the pressure shaft (39), the notch of the U-shaped groove (34) faces downward, the pressure shaft (39) is located in the U-shaped groove (34), a pressure strip (35) is fixed on the side of the lower spring groove (32) close to the lower connecting rod (28), and a friction surface is provided on the side of the pressure strip (35) close to the pressure wheel (40), and the friction surface is in contact with the surface of the pressure wheel (40).

10. The automatic production system for special carriages according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lower spring groove (32) is an arc groove adapted to the curvature of the bottom side of the pressure regulating spring (31), the equal diameter coil spring is partially inserted into the lower spring groove (32), the side wall of the lower spring groove (32) is provided with two positioning bolts (36) penetrating and threadedly connected thereto, the inner end of the positioning bolt (36) is provided with a light rod protruding from the inner wall of the lower spring groove (32), the extension direction of the positioning bolt (36) corresponds to the radial direction of the lower spring groove (32), the front and rear sides of the door-type wheel frame (30) are respectively provided with cushion blocks (37), the outer end surface of the cushion block (37) is an arc surface adapted to the lower spring groove (32), the arc surface is provided with a slide groove (38) matched with the light rod, the light rod is inserted into the slide groove (38) and slides up and down with the slide groove (38).

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