A numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and its machining method

Abstract

The present invention provides a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and a machining method thereof, which relates to the technical field of lathe machining. It includes a lathe body, a three-jaw chuck, a first tool rest, a second tool rest, a coaxial cylinder body, and a stabilizing structure. In the present invention, by designing the coaxial cylinder body and the stabilizing structure, the cylindrical workpiece rotates and axially slides inside the stabilizing structure, enabling the clamping of the entire cylindrical workpiece without the need for a pre-cutting process, thereby improving the machining efficiency. Moreover, one of the first tool rest and the second tool rest is used to complete turning, and the other tool rest is used to complete cutting. Then, the cylindrical workpiece is pushed forward so that one end of the cylindrical workpiece is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck, and the machining of the next workpiece can be carried out, thus greatly improving the machining efficiency. In addition, the workload of the operator is small, and the risk of misoperation is reduced, so as to efficiently and stably complete the turning machining task of short shaft workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lathe machining, and specifically to a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and its machining method. Background Art

[0002] A numerically controlled lathe is a high-precision and high-efficiency automated machine tool. It controls the movement and operation of the machine tool through a computer program to achieve the machining of workpieces. The basic components of a numerically controlled lathe include a machine tool body, a drive system, a transmission system, a control system, etc.

[0003] When machining short shaft workpieces on a lathe, generally two processes of cutting off and turning are included. The most important factor affecting the machining efficiency of short shaft workpieces is the clamping time, and frequent clamping also makes the workload of operators relatively high, and misoperations often occur. Therefore, the present invention provides a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and its machining method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and its machining method, which solves the problems of low machining efficiency and large workload of operators when the lathe machines short shaft workpieces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, comprising:

[0007] A lathe body, on which a three-jaw chuck is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the lathe body, and a tool rest moving assembly is installed on the bed of the lathe body, and a tool rest is installed on the tool rest moving assembly;

[0008] The tool rest includes: a first tool rest and a second tool rest;

[0009] On the bed of the lathe body and at one end far from the three-jaw chuck, a vertical plate is fixedly installed, and a coaxial cylinder is fixedly installed on the vertical plate. Stable structures are fixedly arranged at both ends of the coaxial cylinder, and a cylindrical workpiece rotates and axially slides inside the stable structures.

[0010] Further preferably, it further includes: a feeding assembly, which is fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body and at one end far from the three-jaw chuck;

[0011] The feeding assembly includes:

[0012] A horizontal telescopic member, which is horizontally arranged, and one end of the horizontal telescopic member is fixedly connected to the bed of the lathe body;

[0013] An inverted T-shaped frame body, the inverted T-shaped frame body is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of a transverse telescopic member, and a T-shaped chute is arranged at the top of the inverted T-shaped frame body;

[0014] A first jaw and a second jaw, the first jaw and the second jaw are both slidably installed in the T-shaped chute, and the first jaw and the second jaw are located on both sides of the cylindrical workpiece. A bidirectional telescopic member is fixedly installed on the inverted T-shaped frame body, and the two telescopic ends of the bidirectional telescopic member are respectively fixedly installed with the first jaw and the second jaw.

[0015] Further preferably, a turning tool is fixedly installed on the second tool rest, a cutting tool is fixedly installed on the first tool rest, and the second tool rest is on the side close to the three-jaw chuck.

[0016] Further preferably, the tool rest moving assembly includes: a transverse optical rod, a transverse lead screw, and a first servo motor. The two ends of the transverse optical rod are fixedly installed on the bed body of the lathe body, the transverse lead screw is rotatably installed on the bed body of the lathe body, the first servo motor is fixedly installed on the bed body of the lathe body, and the output end of the first servo motor is in transmission connection with the transverse lead screw;

[0017] The first tool rest includes: a transverse frame seat, the transverse frame seat is in threaded cooperation with the transverse lead screw, and the transverse frame seat is in sliding cooperation with the transverse optical rod.

[0018] Further preferably, a longitudinal optical rod is fixedly installed on the top of the transverse frame seat, a longitudinal lead screw is rotatably installed on the top of the transverse frame seat, a second servo motor is fixedly installed on the side of the transverse frame seat, the output end of the second servo motor is in transmission connection with the longitudinal lead screw, a tool holder is slidably installed on the longitudinal optical rod, and the tool holder is in threaded cooperation with the longitudinal lead screw.

[0019] Further preferably, the coaxial cylinder body includes: a transverse cylinder body, the transverse cylinder body is slidably installed on the vertical plate, an annular flange is fixedly installed on the outer side of the transverse cylinder body, multiple groups of adjusting telescopic members are fixedly connected to the side of the vertical plate, the multiple groups of adjusting telescopic members are annularly and arrayedly distributed, and the telescopic ends of the adjusting telescopic members are fixedly connected to the annular flange.

[0020] A processing method of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, using the above-mentioned numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Pass the cylindrical workpiece through the coaxial cylinder body, rely on the stable structures at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body to stabilize the cylindrical workpiece, and clamp and fix one end of the cylindrical workpiece through the three-jaw chuck;

[0022] S2. The main shaft of the lathe body drives the three-jaw chuck and the cylindrical workpiece to rotate, controls one of the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete turning, and then controls the other tool rest of the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete cutting, and takes off the processed workpiece.

[0023] S3. Push the cylindrical workpiece forward so that one end of the cylindrical workpiece is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck, and then repeat step S2.

[0024] Further preferably, in the S2 step, the tool rest completing turning includes: turning the tail of the previous workpiece with the tool on the tool rest and turning the front of the next workpiece with the tool on the tool rest.

[0025] The present invention provides a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining and its machining method. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. In the present invention, by designing a coaxial cylinder body and a stable structure, the cylindrical workpiece rotates and axially slides inside the stable structure, and the whole cylindrical workpiece can be clamped, eliminating the need for a pre-cutting process, thereby improving the machining efficiency. Moreover, one of the first tool rest and the second tool rest is used to complete turning, and the other is used to complete cutting. Then, the cylindrical workpiece is pushed forward so that one end of the cylindrical workpiece is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck, and the machining of the next workpiece can be carried out. Compared with the traditional machining method for short shaft workpieces, which first segments and then clamps and turns, the present invention can greatly improve the machining efficiency, with less workload for the operator and reduced risk of misoperation, thus efficiently and stably completing the turning machining task of short shaft workpieces.

[0027] 2. In the present invention, by designing a feeding component, which is used to push the cylindrical workpiece forward, the full-automatic workpiece clamping can be realized, and the turning machining of multiple short shaft workpieces can be continuously completed, further reducing the workload of the operator and improving the machining efficiency at the same time.

[0028] 3. In the present invention, by arranging a plurality of brackets distributed in a circular array, the brackets can synchronously slide and adjust along the radial direction of the outer disc body to adapt to the turning machining of cylindrical workpieces with different outer diameters. Moreover, by using freely rolling balls, while stabilizing the cylindrical workpiece, it can ensure that the cylindrical workpiece can rotate and axially slide. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a first perspective three-dimensional view of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a second perspective three-dimensional view of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 isFigure 2 Partial enlarged view at A

[0032] Figure 4 Front view of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic three - dimensional view of the tool rest assembly of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention

[0034] Figure 6 Exploded view of the stable structure of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention

[0035] Figure 7 is Figure 6 Partial enlarged view at B

[0036] Figure 8 Schematic three - dimensional view of the bracket of a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining proposed by the present invention

[0037] Among them, 1, lathe body; 2, three - jaw chuck; 3, tool rest moving assembly; 301, cross feed rod; 302, cross lead screw; 303, first servo motor; 4, first tool rest; 401, cross frame base; 402, longitudinal feed rod; 403, longitudinal lead screw; 404, second servo motor; 405, tool post; 5, second tool rest; 6, vertical plate; 7, coaxial cylinder; 701, horizontal cylinder; 702, annular flange; 703, adjustable telescopic member; 8, stable structure; 801, outer disc body; 802, guiding plate; 803, bracket; 803a, rod body; 803b, vertical axis; 803c, top seat; 803d, spherical ball; 803e, round seat; 803f, ring cap; 804, cover plate; 805, screw; 806, position adjustment ring; 807, inclined path; 808, fastening seat; 809, notch; 9, feeding assembly; 901, horizontal telescopic member; 902, inverted T - shaped frame body; 903, first jaw; 904, second jaw; 905, bidirectional telescopic member; 10, cylindrical workpiece Specific embodiments

[0038] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] As Figures 1-8As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, including: a lathe body 1, a three-jaw chuck 2, a tool rest moving assembly 3, a tool rest, a coaxial cylinder body 7, and a stabilizing structure 8.

[0041] The lathe body 1 has a headstock, and the main shaft of the lathe body 1 is driven by a servo motor to rotate. A three-jaw chuck 2 is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the lathe body 1. A tool rest moving assembly 3 is installed on the bed of the lathe body 1. The tool rest moving assembly 3 is used to drive the tool rest to move along the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10 (turning movement). The tool rest itself has a longitudinal movement (feeding movement) perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10. Under the combined action of the moving mechanisms of the tool rest moving assembly 3 and the tool rest itself, the turning of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is completed.

[0042] Among them, the tool rest includes: a first tool rest 4 and a second tool rest 5. The first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5 are synchronously driven and moved by the tool rest moving assembly 3. A vertical plate 6 is fixedly installed at one end of the bed of the lathe body 1 away from the three-jaw chuck 2. A coaxial cylinder body 7 is fixedly installed on the vertical plate 6. Stabilizing structures 8 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body 7. The two groups of stabilizing structures 8 can better stabilize the cylindrical workpiece 10. The cylindrical workpiece 10 rotates and axially slides inside the stabilizing structure 8.

[0043] The design of the above structure is to be able to efficiently and stably machine short shaft-like workpieces. For example, the cylindrical workpieces 10 capable of machining 10 groups of short shaft-like workpieces are installed inside the coaxial cylinder body 7. The two groups of stabilizing structures 8 at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body 7 stabilize the cylindrical workpiece 10. One end of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is fixedly clamped on the three-jaw chuck 2. The second tool rest 5 cooperates with the tool rest moving assembly 3 to complete the turning of the workpiece. Then, the first tool rest 4 cooperates with the tool rest moving assembly 3 to complete the cutting of the workpiece. The main shaft of the lathe body 1 stops, and the machined workpiece is taken off. Then, the remaining cylindrical workpieces 10 are pushed forward, and one end of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is fixedly clamped on the three-jaw chuck 2. The above turning and cutting are repeated, so as to efficiently and stably machine short shaft-like workpieces.

[0044] The design of the above structure is to be able to machine long shaft-like workpieces with high precision. For example, the cylindrical workpiece 10 is installed inside the coaxial cylinder body 7. The two groups of stabilizing structures 8 at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body 7 stabilize the cylindrical workpiece 10. One end of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is fixedly clamped on the three-jaw chuck 2. By means of the two groups of stabilizing structures 8, the radial runout during the rotation of the cylindrical workpiece 10 can be reduced, so as to achieve high-precision machining of the workpiece.

[0045] In one embodiment, in order to process short-axis workpieces more efficiently and automatically, a feeding component 9 is designed. The feeding component 9 is fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body 1 and at the end far from the three-jaw chuck 2. The feeding component 9 is used to clamp and push the cylindrical workpiece 10 to move.

[0046] Specifically, the feeding component 9 includes: a transverse telescopic member 901, an inverted T-shaped frame 902, a first jaw 903, a second jaw 904, and a bidirectional telescopic member 905. The bidirectional telescopic member 905 and the transverse telescopic member 901 are controlled by the numerical control terminal of the lathe body 1. The bidirectional telescopic member 905 and the transverse telescopic member 901 preferably adopt an electric structure, such as a linear motor.

[0047] The transverse telescopic member 901 is horizontally arranged and parallel to the length direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10. One end of the transverse telescopic member 901 is fixedly connected to the bed of the lathe body 1, and the other end of the transverse telescopic member 901 is a free telescopic end. The inverted T-shaped frame 902 is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the transverse telescopic member 901. A T-shaped chute is provided at the top of the inverted T-shaped frame 902. The first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904 are both slidably installed in the T-shaped chute, and the first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904 are located on both sides of the cylindrical workpiece 10. A bidirectional telescopic member 905 is fixedly installed on the inverted T-shaped frame 902, and the two telescopic ends of the bidirectional telescopic member 905 are respectively fixedly installed with the first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904.

[0048] When the feeding component 9 works, it is necessary to first control the transverse telescopic member 901 to push outward, and push the inverted T-shaped frame 902, the first jaw 903, the second jaw 904, and the bidirectional telescopic member 905 as a whole to the far end position. Then, the bidirectional telescopic member 905 drives the first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904 to move towards the center, so that the first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904 clamp and fix the cylindrical workpiece 10. Then, control the transverse telescopic member 901 to pull inward, so that the inverted T-shaped frame 902, the first jaw 903, the second jaw 904, and the bidirectional telescopic member 905 are pulled as a whole to the near end. During this process, the cylindrical workpiece 10 is also pulled a certain length. Then, the bidirectional telescopic member 905 pushes the first jaw 903 and the second jaw 904 to move outward, releasing the clamping of the cylindrical workpiece 10.

[0049] In one embodiment, a turning tool is fixedly installed on the second tool rest 5, and the turning tool is used for turning the cylindrical workpiece 10. A cutting tool is fixedly installed on the first tool rest 4, and the cutting tool is used for cutting the turned cylindrical workpiece 10. The second tool rest 5 is on the side close to the three-jaw chuck 2. The first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5 have the same structure. The difference lies in the positions of the first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5 and the tools installed on the first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5. The first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5 complete the corresponding turning purposes depending on the tools installed on them.

[0050] In one embodiment, the tool rest moving assembly 3 includes: a transverse optical rod 301, a transverse lead screw 302, and a first servo motor 303. The two ends of the transverse optical rod 301 are fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body 1. The transverse lead screw 302 is rotatably installed on the bed of the lathe body 1. The transverse optical rod 301 and the transverse lead screw 302 are arranged in parallel. The first servo motor 303 is fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body 1, and the output end of the first servo motor 303 is drivingly connected to the transverse lead screw 302.

[0051] The output shaft of the first servo motor 303 is parallel to the transverse lead screw 302, and a synchronous pulley drive or a gear set drive can be used between them. The first servo motor 303 drives the transverse lead screw 302 to rotate.

[0052] The structures of the first tool rest 4 and the second tool rest 5 are the same. Hereinafter, the structure of the first tool rest 4 will be specifically described in detail. The first tool rest 4 includes: a cross frame base 401, the cross frame base 401 is in threaded cooperation with the transverse lead screw 302, and the cross frame base 401 is in sliding cooperation with the transverse optical rod 301.

[0053] The transverse optical rod 301 plays a guiding role for the cross frame base 401. The first servo motor 303 drives the transverse lead screw 302 to rotate, and the cross frame base 401 is in threaded cooperation with the transverse lead screw 302. Therefore, the cross frame base 401 can be driven to linearly slide along the axial direction of the transverse optical rod 301.

[0054] In one embodiment, a longitudinal optical rod 402 is fixedly installed on the top of the cross frame base 401, a longitudinal lead screw 403 is rotatably installed on the top of the cross frame base 401. The longitudinal optical rod 402 and the longitudinal lead screw 403 are arranged in parallel. A second servo motor 404 is fixedly installed on the side of the cross frame base 401, and the output end of the second servo motor 404 is drivingly connected to the longitudinal lead screw 403. A tool holder 405 is slidably installed on the longitudinal optical rod 402. A tool can be fixedly installed on the tool holder 405, and the tool holder 405 is in threaded cooperation with the longitudinal lead screw 403.

[0055] The output shaft of the second servo motor 404 is parallel to the longitudinal lead screw 403, and the output shaft of the second servo motor 404 and the longitudinal lead screw 403 are connected by a synchronous belt or a gear drive. The second servo motor 404 drives the longitudinal lead screw 403 to rotate. A threaded fit movement occurs between the longitudinal lead screw 403 and the tool holder 405, and under the guiding action of the longitudinal optical rod 402, the tool holder 405 can move longitudinally.

[0056] In one embodiment, the coaxial cylinder body 7 includes: a transverse cylinder body 701, the transverse cylinder body 701 is slidably installed with the vertical plate 6, an annular flange 702 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the transverse cylinder body 701, and a plurality of adjusting telescopic members 703 are fixedly connected to the side surface of the vertical plate 6. The plurality of adjusting telescopic members 703 are annularly and arrayedly distributed, and the telescopic ends of the adjusting telescopic members 703 are fixedly connected to the annular flange 702.

[0057] The adjusting telescopic member 703 is selected as an electric telescopic member. The adjusting telescopic member 703 drives the entire transverse cylinder body 701 to slide relative to the vertical plate 6, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the positions of the stable structures 8 at both ends of the transverse cylinder body 701.

[0058] In one embodiment, the stable structure 8 includes: an outer disc body 801, a bracket 803, a cover disc 804, an adjusting ring 806, and a fastening seat 808.

[0059] The outer disc body 801 is fixedly connected to the end of the transverse cylinder body 701, and a plurality of groups of brackets 803 are slidably installed along the radial direction of the end of the outer disc body 801. The plurality of groups of brackets 803 are annularly and arrayedly distributed. The inner ends of the plurality of groups of brackets 803 form a circle, and the center of this circle coincides with the center of the transverse cylinder body 701. A cover disc 804 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer disc body 801 through screws 805. The screws 805 pass through the cover disc 804, and one end of the screw 805 is threadedly connected to the outer disc body 801. A position adjusting ring 806 is rotatably installed on the outer side of the transverse cylinder body 701. An inclined track 807 is provided on the side surface of the position adjusting ring 806. A vertical shaft 803b is provided on the side surface of the bracket 803, and the vertical shaft 803b is slidably located inside the inclined track 807. By rotating the position adjusting ring 806, the size of the circle formed by the inner ends of the plurality of groups of brackets 803 can be adjusted. A fastening seat 808 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the transverse cylinder body 701. The position adjusting ring 806 is located between the fastening seat 808 and the outer disc body 801. By tightening the fastening seat 808, the position of the position adjusting ring 806 can be fixed.

[0060] When the position adjusting ring 806 is rotated, the vertical shaft 803b slides inside the inclined track 807. Since the direction of the inclined track 807 is designed to be inclined, the distances of each position from the center of the transverse cylinder body 701 are different, so that a plurality of groups of brackets 803 can be pushed to slide synchronously along the radial direction of the transverse cylinder body 701, and the diameter of the circle formed by the inner ends of the plurality of groups of brackets 803 can be adjusted, so as to use cylindrical workpieces 10 with different diameters.

[0061] Specifically, the bracket 803 includes: a rod body 803a. A guiding plate 802 is fixedly installed on the side surface of the outer disc body 801. The rod body 803a is slidably engaged with the guiding plate 802. A notch 809 is formed on the side surface of the cover disc 804. The rod body 803a is slidably engaged with the notch 809. A vertical shaft 803b is fixedly connected to the outer end of the rod body 803a. A top seat 803c is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rod body 803a. A round seat 803e is formed at the end of the top seat 803c. A spherical ball 803d is arranged inside the round seat 803e. A ring cap 803f is threadedly installed on the outside of the top seat 803c. The ring cap 803f restricts the spherical ball 803d from leaving the round seat 803e. The cylindrical workpiece 10 is located at the inner end of the bracket 803, that is, the spherical ball 803d abuts against the outer side surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10. Since the spherical ball 803d can rotate freely, the cylindrical workpiece 10 can rotate and axially slide.

[0062] Embodiment Two:

[0063] A machining method for a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, using the numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to any one of Embodiment One, which includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Pass the cylindrical workpiece through the coaxial cylinder body, stabilize the cylindrical workpiece by relying on the stable structures at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body, and clamp and fix one end of the cylindrical workpiece through a three-jaw chuck.

[0065] The cylindrical workpiece refers to a raw workpiece whose length can meet the production and machining of multiple short shaft-like workpieces.

[0066] S2. The main shaft of the lathe body drives the three-jaw chuck and the cylindrical workpiece to rotate, control one of the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete turning, and then control the other tool rest among the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete cutting, and take off the machined workpiece.

[0067] Among them, the tool rest completing turning in step S2 includes: turning the tail of the previous workpiece using the tool on the tool rest and turning the front of the next workpiece using the tool on the tool rest.

[0068] S3. Push the cylindrical workpiece forward, clamp and fix one end of the cylindrical workpiece through a three-jaw chuck, and then repeat step S2, so as to achieve efficient machining of short shaft-like workpieces.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, comprising: Lathe body (1), a three-jaw chuck (2) is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the lathe body (1), a tool rest moving assembly (3) is installed on the bed of the lathe body (1), and a tool rest is installed on the tool rest moving assembly (3), characterized in that: the tool rest includes: a first tool rest (4), a second tool rest (5); A vertical plate (6) is fixedly installed at one end of the bed of the lathe body (1) and far from the three-jaw chuck (2), a coaxial cylinder (7) is fixedly installed on the vertical plate (6), and stable structures (8) are fixedly arranged at both ends of the coaxial cylinder (7), and a cylindrical workpiece (10) rotates and axially slides inside the stable structure (8); The coaxial cylinder (7) includes: a transverse cylinder (701), the transverse cylinder (701) is slidably installed with the vertical plate (6), an annular flange (702) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the transverse cylinder (701), and a plurality of groups of adjusting telescopic members (703) are fixedly connected to the side surface of the vertical plate (6), the plurality of groups of adjusting telescopic members (703) are annularly and arrayedly distributed, and the telescopic ends of the adjusting telescopic members (703) are fixedly connected to the annular flange (702); The stable structure (8) includes: an outer disc body (801), a bracket (803), a cover disc (804), an adjusting ring (806) and a fastening seat (808); the outer disc body (801) is fixedly connected to the end of the transverse cylinder (701), and a plurality of groups of brackets (803) are slidably installed along the radial direction of the end of the outer disc body (801), the plurality of groups of brackets (803) are annularly and arrayedly distributed, the inner ends of the plurality of groups of brackets (803) form a circle, and the center of the circle coincides with the center of the transverse cylinder (701), a cover disc (804) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer disc body (801) through screws (805), the screws (805) pass through the cover disc (804), one end of the screw (805) is threadedly connected to the outer disc body (801), a position adjusting ring (806) is rotatably installed on the outer side of the transverse cylinder (701), a ramp (807) is opened on the side surface of the position adjusting ring (806), and a vertical shaft (803b) is arranged on the side surface of the bracket (803), and the vertical shaft (803b) is slidably located inside the ramp (807); The bracket (803) includes: a rod body (803a), a guiding plate (802) is fixedly installed on the side surface of the outer disc body (801), the rod body (803a) is slidably matched with the guiding plate (802), a notch (809) is opened on the side surface of the cover disc (804), the rod body (803a) is slidably matched with the notch (809), the outer end of the rod body (803a) is fixedly connected with a vertical shaft (803b), the inner end of the rod body (803a) is fixedly connected with a top seat (803c), a round seat (803e) is opened at the end of the top seat (803c), a spherical ball (803d) is arranged inside the round seat (803e), and a ring cap (803f) is threadedly installed on the outer side of the top seat (803c).

2. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes: A feeding assembly (9), the feeding assembly (9) is fixedly installed at one end of the bed of the lathe body (1) and far from the three-jaw chuck (2); The feeding component (9) includes: a lateral telescopic member (901), the lateral telescopic member (901) is horizontally arranged, and one end of the lateral telescopic member (901) is fixedly connected to the bed of the lathe body (1); an inverted T-shaped frame body (902), the inverted T-shaped frame body (902) is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the lateral telescopic member (901), and a T-shaped chute is arranged at the top of the inverted T-shaped frame body (902).

3. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 2, wherein: A first jaw (903) and a second jaw (904), the first jaw (903) and the second jaw (904) are both slidably installed in the T-shaped chute, and the first jaw (903) and the second jaw (904) are located on both sides of the cylindrical workpiece (10). A bidirectional telescopic member (905) is fixedly installed on the inverted T-shaped frame body (902), and the two telescopic ends of the bidirectional telescopic member (905) are respectively fixedly installed with the first jaw (903) and the second jaw (904).

4. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 3, wherein: A turning tool is fixedly installed on the second tool rest (5), a cutting tool is fixedly installed on the first tool rest (4), and the second tool rest (5) is close to one side of the three-jaw chuck (2).

5. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 4, wherein The tool rest moving component (3) includes: a lateral optical rod (301), a lateral lead screw (302), and a first servo motor (303). The two ends of the lateral optical rod (301) are fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body (1), the lateral lead screw (302) is rotatably installed on the bed of the lathe body (1), the first servo motor (303) is fixedly installed on the bed of the lathe body (1), and the output end of the first servo motor (303) is in transmission connection with the lateral lead screw (302).

6. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first tool rest (4) includes: a cross frame seat (401), the cross frame seat (401) is in threaded cooperation with the lateral lead screw (302), and the cross frame seat (401) slides on the lateral optical rod (301).

7. The numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 6, characterized in that: A longitudinal optical rod (402) is fixedly installed on the top of the cross frame seat (401), a longitudinal lead screw (403) is rotatably installed on the top of the cross frame seat (401), a second servo motor (404) is fixedly installed on the side of the cross frame seat (401), the output end of the second servo motor (404) is in transmission connection with the longitudinal lead screw (403), a tool holder (405) is slidably fitted on the longitudinal optical rod (402), and the tool holder (405) is in threaded cooperation with the longitudinal lead screw (403).

8. A machining method for a numerically controlled lathe for precision machining, characterized in that, Using the numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to any one of claims 1-7, includes the following steps: S1. Pass the cylindrical workpiece through the coaxial cylinder body, rely on the stable structures at both ends of the coaxial cylinder body to stabilize the cylindrical workpiece, and clamp and fix one end of the cylindrical workpiece through the three-jaw chuck. S2. The main shaft of the lathe body drives the three-jaw chuck and the cylindrical workpiece to rotate, control one of the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete turning, and then control the other tool rest of the first tool rest and the second tool rest to complete cutting, and take off the processed workpiece. S3. Push the cylindrical workpiece forward, clamp and fix one end of the cylindrical workpiece through the three-jaw chuck, and then repeat step S2.

9. The machining method of the numerically controlled lathe for precision machining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tool rest completing turning in step S2 includes: turning the tail of the previous workpiece and turning the front part of the next workpiece using the tool on the tool rest.

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