Special slow-release fertilizer for garlic as well as preparation method and application of special slow-release fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garlic planting, in particular to a special slow-release fertilizer for garlic and a preparation method and application thereof. The special slow-release fertilizer for the garlic is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of mushroom residues, 20 to 30 parts of crop straws, 10 to 20 parts of fruit peel, 10 to 20 parts of vegetable waste leaves, 8 to 16 parts of plant ash, 0.5 to 1 part of glutaraldehyde, 10 to 20 parts of sodium alginate, 20 to 30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 to 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 to 10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3 to 0.6 part of a microbial agent and 80 to 120 parts of water. The special slow-release fertilizer for the garlic, prepared from the components, not only can improve the yield of the garlic, but also can improve the quality of the garlic. The basis is provided for the research of the garlic slow-release fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of garlic planting, and in particular to a slow-release fertilizer special for garlic and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Garlic is a perennial herb of the genus Allium in the family Liliaceae. It is usually composed of a variety of fleshy, petal-shaped small bulbs arranged closely, with several layers of white and purple membranous bulb skin. Garlic is rich in nutrients. For example, 100g of fresh garlic contains 4.4g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 23g of carbohydrates, 0.7g of crude fiber, and 1.3g of ash. Garlic is also rich in sulfur-containing compounds, one of which is allicin. Allicin has bactericidal, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-aging effects. Allicin is known as the "natural spectrum antibiotic of plants" because of its strong bactericidal ability and broad antibacterial spectrum.

[0003] The type of fertilizer and fertilization method are key factors affecting garlic growth and nutrient accumulation. Appropriate fertilizer and fertilization method can improve garlic yield and quality, while unsuitable fertilizer and unreasonable fertilization may lead to stunted garlic growth, reduced yield or reduced quality.

[0004] The fertilizers used in garlic planting in the prior art are all time-release fertilizers. Such fertilizers are applied many times and in large amounts during garlic planting, which causes soil compaction and prevents secondary planting. A special slow-release fertilizer for garlic is urgently needed to overcome the problems of garlic planting in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a slow-release fertilizer for garlic with less application times and less usage, and specifically relates to a slow-release fertilizer for garlic and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a slow-release fertilizer specifically for garlic, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 30-40 parts of mushroom residue, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of fruit peels, 10-20 parts of vegetable waste leaves, 8-16 parts of wood ash, 0.5-1 part of glutaraldehyde, 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, 20-30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5-10 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.6 parts of microbial agent and 80-120 parts of water.

[0009] Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of peanut straw, soybean straw and wheat straw.

[0010] Preferably, the fruit peel is one or more of apple peel, banana peel, grapefruit peel, orange peel and mango peel;

[0011] The waste vegetable leaves include one or more of green vegetable leaves, spinach leaves, Chinese cabbage leaves, rapeseed leaves and lettuce leaves.

[0012] Preferably, the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus jelly-like and Bacillus megaterium;

[0013] The mass ratio of the polymyxa bacillus, the jelly-like bacillus and the megaterium is 1:3-4:1-2;

[0014] The initial live bacterial concentration of the polymyxa bacillus is ≥ 2.0×10 10 cfu / g;

[0015] The initial live bacterial concentration of the jelly-like Bacillus is ≥5.0×10 9 cfu / g;

[0016] The initial live bacterial concentration of Bacillus megaterium is ≥1.0×10 10 cfu / g.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) Mixing mushroom residue, crop straw, fruit peel, vegetable waste leaves, wood ash and microbial inoculants to obtain a mixture; adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60-65%, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;

[0019] (2) drying the fermented material to a water content of ≤10% to obtain an organic fertilizer;

[0020] (3) mixing glutaraldehyde, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, superphosphate, potassium chloride and water, and stirring for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a coating agent;

[0021] (4) mixing the organic fertilizer described in step (2) with the coating agent described in step (3), and granulating them to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for garlic.

[0022] Preferably, during the stacking fermentation in step (1), the temperature of the central pile is 45-60° C., and the stacking fermentation time is 8-12 days.

[0023] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (2) is 60-70°C;

[0024] The stirring temperature in step (3) is 60-70° C. and the stirring speed is 180-200 rpm;

[0025] The mixing temperature in step (4) is 60-70°C.

[0026] The present invention also provides application of the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic or the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared by the preparation method in increasing garlic yield and improving garlic quality.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for increasing garlic yield, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic or the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared by the preparation method is used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer to plant garlic.

[0029] Preferably, the application amount of the slow-release fertilizer for garlic as base fertilizer is 30-50 kg / mu;

[0030] When garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer is used as topdressing, the application rate is 12-16 kg / mu each time;

[0031] Top dressing should be done 1 to 2 times during the differentiation period and / or bulb expansion period of garlic.

[0032] The invention provides a slow-release fertilizer for garlic and a preparation method and application thereof. The slow-release fertilizer for garlic is prepared from the following components by weight: 30-40 parts of mushroom residue, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of peel, 10-20 parts of vegetable waste leaves, 8-16 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of glutaraldehyde, 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, 20-30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5-10 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.6 parts of microbial agent, and 80-120 parts of water. The microbial agent of the present invention includes polymyxa bacillus, jelly-like bacillus and bacillus megaterium; polymyxa bacillus is a spore-producing Gram-positive bacterium, which can not only effectively prevent and treat bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases, but also has a significant promoting effect on plants, can increase plant yield and improve quality; jelly-like bacillus can degrade potassium in the soil, release soluble potassium, promote the plant's ability to absorb potassium, and can also enhance the resistance of crops to diseases and insect pests; Bacillus megaterium can degrade phosphorus in the soil, release soluble phosphorus, and promote the absorption of phosphorus by crops. Garlic needs a large amount of phosphorus and potassium to promote the development of the root system during growth, increase the stress resistance of garlic, thereby making garlic strong and improving yield and quality. Using jelly-like bacillus with potassium degradation effect and bacillus megaterium with phosphorus degradation effect as microbial agents can greatly promote the degradation of phosphorus content and potassium content in the soil, thereby obtaining nutrient components that are beneficial to the growth and development of garlic. Mushroom residue, crop straw, fruit peels, vegetable waste leaves and wood ash are rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which can provide nutrition for the growth of garlic, improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby increasing the crop's demand for water and fertilizer, and thus increasing crop yield and quality.

[0033] The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared according to the components of the present invention can not only increase the yield of garlic, but also improve the quality of garlic. The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic of the present invention has a small application frequency and a small amount, thereby improving the application efficiency of the garlic fertilizer, and providing a basis for the research of the slow-release fertilizer for garlic. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention provides a slow-release fertilizer specifically for garlic, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0035] 30-40 parts of mushroom residue, preferably 35 parts;

[0036] 20-30 parts of crop straw, preferably 25 parts;

[0037] 10-20 parts of peel, preferably 15 parts;

[0038] 10 to 20 parts of waste vegetable leaves, preferably 15 parts;

[0039] 8 to 16 parts of plant ash, preferably 12 parts;

[0040] 0.5-1 part of glutaraldehyde, preferably 0.8 part;

[0041] 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, preferably 15 parts;

[0042] 20-30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, preferably 25 parts;

[0043] 5-10 parts of superphosphate, preferably 8 parts;

[0044] Potassium chloride 5-10 parts, preferably 8 parts;

[0045] 0.3 to 0.6 parts of microbial agent, preferably 0.5 parts;

[0046] 80 to 120 parts of water, preferably 100 parts.

[0047] In the present invention, the crop straw is one or more of peanut straw, soybean straw and wheat straw. In the present invention, the fruit peel is one or more of apple peel, banana peel, grapefruit peel, orange peel and mango peel; the vegetable waste leaves include one or more of green vegetable waste leaves, spinach waste leaves, cabbage waste leaves, rapeseed waste leaves and lettuce waste leaves.

[0048] In the present invention, the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus jelly and Bacillus megaterium; the mass ratio of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus jelly and Bacillus megaterium is 1:3-4:1-2, preferably 1:3.5:2; the initial viable bacterial concentration of Bacillus polymyxa is ≥2.0×10 10 cfu / g; the initial viable bacterial concentration of the jelly-like Bacillus is ≥5.0×10 9 cfu / g; the initial viable bacterial concentration of Bacillus megaterium is ≥1.0×10 10 In the present invention, the polymyxa bacillus was purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; the jelly-like bacillus was purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; and the megaterium was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0049] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Mixing mushroom residue, crop straw, fruit peel, vegetable waste leaves, wood ash and microbial inoculants to obtain a mixture; adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60-65%, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;

[0051] (2) drying the fermented material to a water content of ≤10% to obtain an organic fertilizer;

[0052] (3) mixing glutaraldehyde, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, superphosphate, potassium chloride and water, and stirring for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a coating agent;

[0053] (4) mixing the organic fertilizer described in step (2) with the coating agent described in step (3), and granulating them to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for garlic.

[0054] In the present invention, the water content of the mixture during the stacking fermentation in step (1) is preferably 62%; the temperature of the central pile during the stacking fermentation in step (1) is 45-60°C, preferably 55°C, and the stacking fermentation time is 8-12d, preferably 10d.

[0055] In the present invention, the drying temperature in step (2) is 60-70°C, preferably 65°C;

[0056] The stirring temperature in step (3) is 60-70°C, preferably 65°C, and the stirring speed is 180-200rpm, preferably 190rpm; the mixing temperature in step (4) is 60-70°C, preferably 65°C.

[0057] The present invention also provides application of the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic or the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared by the preparation method in increasing garlic yield and improving garlic quality.

[0058] The present invention also provides a method for increasing garlic yield, comprising the following steps:

[0059] The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic or the special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared by the preparation method is used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer to plant garlic.

[0060] In the present invention, the application amount of the slow-release fertilizer for garlic as basal fertilizer is 30-50 kg / mu, preferably 40 kg / mu; the application amount of the slow-release fertilizer for garlic as topdressing fertilizer is 12-16 kg / mu, preferably 14 kg / mu; the number of topdressing is 1-2 times, and the topdressing is performed during the differentiation period and / or bulb expansion period of garlic.

[0061] The solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0062] The polymyxa bacillus described in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. The initial viable bacterial concentration of polymyxa bacillus was 2.0×10 10 cfu / g;

[0063] The jelly-like Bacillus was purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. The initial live bacterial concentration of the jelly-like Bacillus was 5.0×10 9 cfu / g;

[0064] Bacillus megaterium was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The initial live bacterial concentration of Bacillus megaterium was 1.0×10 10 cfu / g.

[0065] The mushroom residue described in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is Flammulina velutipes residue, which is purchased from Huamo (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] Take 1 kg of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 3 kg of Paenibacillus jellylike, and 1 kg of Bacillus megaterium and mix them evenly to obtain a microbial agent for later use.

[0068] Take 100 kg of peanut straw and 150 kg of soybean straw, crush them to a particle size of 1 mm, and obtain crop straw for later use.

[0069] Take 20 kg of apple peels, 20 kg of mango peels, and 60 kg of banana peels, and crush them to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain fruit peels for later use.

[0070] Take 30 kg of waste green vegetable leaves, 20 kg of waste spinach leaves, 60 kg of waste cabbage leaves, 60 kg of waste rapeseed leaves, and 30 kg of waste lettuce leaves, mix them evenly, and grind them into a particle size of 1 mm to obtain waste vegetable leaves.

[0071] The above-mentioned crop straw, peel, vegetable waste leaves, microbial agent, 350kg mushroom residue and 120kg wood ash are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 60% with water, piled and fermented for 10 days, and the temperature of the central pile is controlled to be 45-60°C. After fermentation is completed, a fermented material is obtained. The fermented material is placed in a drying room at 65°C and dried until the water content reaches 10% to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0072] 8 kg of glutaraldehyde, 200 kg of sodium alginate, 200 kg of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 80 kg of superphosphate, 80 kg of potassium chloride and 1000 kg of water were mixed, the temperature was set to 65° C., the stirring speed was set to 200 rpm and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a coating agent.

[0073] The temperature of the organic fertilizer is raised to 65° C., added into the coating agent at 65° C., mixed evenly, granulated, and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer specifically for garlic.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Take 1 kg of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 4 kg of Paenibacillus jellylike, and 1 kg of Bacillus megaterium and mix them evenly to obtain a microbial agent for later use.

[0076] 100 kg of wheat straw, 150 kg of soybean straw and 50 kg of peanut straw were taken and crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain crop straw for later use.

[0077] Take 50 kg of grapefruit peel, 50 kg of orange peel and 50 kg of banana peel, crush them to a particle size of 1 mm, and obtain the peel for later use.

[0078] 50 kg of green vegetable waste leaves and 50 kg of spinach waste leaves were mixed evenly, and crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain vegetable waste leaves.

[0079] The above-mentioned crop straw, peel, vegetable waste leaves, microbial agent, 400kg mushroom residue and 160kg wood ash are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 65% with water, piled and fermented for 12 days, and the temperature of the central pile is controlled to be 45-60°C. After fermentation is completed, a fermented material is obtained. The fermented material is placed in a drying room at 70°C and dried until the water content reaches 10% to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0080] 10 kg of glutaraldehyde, 150 kg of sodium alginate, 300 kg of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 100 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of potassium chloride and 1200 kg of water were mixed, the temperature was set to 70° C., the stirring speed was set to 190 rpm and stirred for 4 hours to obtain a coating agent.

[0081] The temperature of the organic fertilizer is raised to 70°C, added into the coating agent at 70°C, mixed evenly, granulated, and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for garlic.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] Take 0.6 kg of Bacillus polymyxa, 1.8 kg of Bacillus jelly, and 0.6 kg of Bacillus megaterium and mix them evenly to obtain a microbial agent for later use.

[0084] 50 kg of wheat straw, 150 kg of soybean straw and 50 kg of peanut straw were crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain crop straw for later use.

[0085] Take 100 kg of banana peels, 50 kg of mango peels, 30 kg of orange peels, and 20 kg of grapefruit peels, and crush them to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain peels for later use.

[0086] 150 kg of waste cabbage leaves were taken and crushed to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain waste vegetable leaves.

[0087] The crop straw, peel, vegetable waste leaves, microbial agent, 300kg mushroom residue and 80kg wood ash are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 60% with water, piled and fermented for 8 days, and the temperature of the central pile is controlled to be 45-60°C. After fermentation is completed, a fermented material is obtained. The fermented material is placed in a drying room at 60°C and dried until the water content reaches 10% to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0088] 5 kg of glutaraldehyde, 100 kg of sodium alginate, 250 kg of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 50 kg of superphosphate, 100 kg of potassium chloride and 800 kg of water were mixed, the temperature was set to 60° C., the stirring speed was set to 180 rpm and stirred for 4 hours to obtain a coating agent.

[0089] The temperature of the organic fertilizer is raised to 60° C., added into the coating agent at 60° C., mixed evenly, granulated, and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer specifically for garlic.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] The scheme of Comparative Example 1 was set up according to the method of Example 1, and the organic fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was used as the garlic-specific fertilizer of Comparative Example 1.

[0092] Experimental Example 1

[0093] The experiment was conducted at a garlic planting base in Linying County, Henan Province.

[0094] The plots to be planted were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely, Example 1 group, Comparative Example 1 group and Control group, with 3 replicates in each group.

[0095] The land of each group of plots was prepared, and the Example 1 group applied 40kg / mu of the garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer prepared according to the method of Example 1, and plowed at the same time. The Comparative Example 1 group applied 40kg / mu of the garlic-specific fertilizer prepared according to the method of Comparative Example 1, and plowed at the same time. The control group applied 60kg / mu of the fruit and vegetable microbial fertilizer produced by Hebei Rundong Fertilizer Co., Ltd., and plowed at the same time. After plowing, each group of plots was watered. On the 3rd day after watering, Yusuan 116 garlic was planted according to the conventional method. After planting, the Example 1 group applied 14kg / mu of the garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer prepared by Example 1 during the differentiation period of garlic; the Comparative Example 1 group applied 14kg / mu of the garlic-specific fertilizer prepared by Comparative Example 1 during the differentiation period of garlic; the control group applied 40kg / mu of the compound fertilizer garlic-specific fertilizer produced by Henan Zhonghuang Special Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. during the differentiation period of garlic, the elongation period of the flower stem, and the expansion period of the bulb. During the garlic bolting period, the yield of garlic stalks in each group was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. During the garlic harvest period, the plant height and pseudostem diameter of garlic were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. After the garlic was harvested, the yield of garlic heads in each group was measured, and the average number of cloves per head of garlic was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 Effects of different fertilizers on garlic yield

[0097] Group Example 1 Group Comparative Example 1 Control group Garlic stalk yield / kg / mu 526 412 459 Plant height / cm 93 91 95 Pseudostem diameter / cm 1.8 1.4 1.6 Garlic yield / kg / mu 3452 2396 3064 Average number of petals per head 10.6 8.4 9.3

[0098] As shown in Table 1, garlic was planted using the fertilizer of Example 1, and the amount and number of fertilizer applications were reduced compared with the control group, but the garlic bulb yield and garlic stalk yield of the obtained garlic were higher than those of the control group. This shows that the fertilizer and planting method of the present invention are more suitable for garlic planting.

[0099] Experimental Example 2

[0100] The garlic obtained from different groups in Experimental Example 1 was taken to detect the effects of different fertilizers on soluble sugar, soluble protein and allicin in garlic. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0101] The content of soluble sugar was determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry; the content of soluble protein was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method; and the content of allicin was determined by phenylhydrazone colorimetry.

[0102] Table 2 Effects of different fertilizers on garlic quality

[0103] Group Example 1 Group Comparative Example 1 Control group Soluble sugar% 5.63 3.14 5.16 Soluble protein% 2.48 1.94 2.29 Allicin% 9.17 6.83 8.34

[0104] Table 2 shows that the garlic grown with the slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has higher contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and allicin in garlic than those grown with other fertilizers, indicating that the slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1 can improve the quality of garlic.

[0105] Application Example 1

[0106] The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared in Example 2 was used to plant Yusuan 128 garlic.

[0107] Before planting, the garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied at an amount of 40 kg / mu, and the soil was ploughed after application, and watered after ploughing. Garlic was planted on the 3rd day of watering. 12 kg / mu of the garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied during the differentiation period and bulb expansion period of garlic, respectively. The yield of garlic stalks, the yield of garlic bulbs, and the number of cloves per garlic bulb were counted. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0108] Table 3 Effect of the fertilizer of the present invention on the planting of Yu garlic 128

[0109] Garlic stalk yield / kg / mu Garlic yield / kg / mu Average number of petals per head 569 3248 13.4

[0110] As shown in Table 3, the yield of Yusuan 128 grown using the fertilizer of the present invention is as high as 3248 kg / mu.

[0111] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a special slow-release fertilizer for garlic and its preparation method and application. The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic of the present invention is prepared from the following components by mass: 30-40 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of crop straws, 10-20 parts of peels, 10-20 parts of vegetable waste leaves, 8-16 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of glutaraldehyde, 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, 20-30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5-10 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.6 parts of microbial agents, and 80-120 parts of water. The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared according to the components of the present invention can not only increase the yield of garlic, but also improve the quality of garlic. The special slow-release fertilizer for garlic of the present invention has a small number of applications and a small amount, which improves the application efficiency of garlic fertilizer. Provide a basis for the research of garlic slow-release fertilizer.

[0112] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slow-release fertilizer for garlic, characterized in that: It is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of mushroom residue, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of fruit peels, 10-20 parts of vegetable waste leaves, 8-16 parts of wood ash, 0.5-1 part of glutaraldehyde, 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, 20-30 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5-10 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.6 parts of microbial agent and 80-120 parts of water.

2. The slow-release fertilizer for garlic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop straw is one or more of peanut straw, soybean straw and wheat straw.

3. The slow-release fertilizer for garlic according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fruit peel is one or more of apple peel, banana peel, grapefruit peel, orange peel and mango peel; The waste vegetable leaves include one or more of green vegetable leaves, spinach leaves, Chinese cabbage leaves, rapeseed leaves and lettuce leaves.

4. The slow-release fertilizer for garlic according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The microbial agent is composed of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus jelly-like and Bacillus megaterium; The mass ratio of the polymyxa bacillus, the jelly-like bacillus and the megaterium is 1:3-4:1-2; The initial live bacterial concentration of the polymyxa bacillus is ≥ 2.0×10 10 cfu / g; The initial live bacterial concentration of the jelly-like Bacillus is ≥5.0×10 9 cfu / g; The initial live bacterial concentration of Bacillus megaterium is ≥1.0×10 10 cfu / g.

5. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for garlic according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Mixing mushroom residue, crop straw, fruit peel, vegetable waste leaves, wood ash and microbial inoculants to obtain a mixture; adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60-65%, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material; (2) drying the fermented material to a water content of ≤10% to obtain an organic fertilizer; (3) mixing glutaraldehyde, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, superphosphate, potassium chloride and water, and stirring for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a coating agent; (4) mixing the organic fertilizer described in step (2) with the coating agent described in step (3), and granulating them to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for garlic.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the stacking fermentation in step (1), the temperature of the central pile is 45-60° C., and the time of the stacking fermentation is 8-12 days.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (2) is 60-70° C. The stirring temperature in step (3) is 60-70° C. and the stirring speed is 180-200 rpm; The mixing temperature in step (4) is 60-70°C.

8. Use of the slow-release fertilizer for garlic according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the slow-release fertilizer for garlic prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in increasing garlic yield and improving garlic quality.

9. A method for increasing garlic yield, characterized in that: The steps include: The garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 5 to 7 is used as a base fertilizer or a topdressing fertilizer to plant garlic.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The application rate of garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer is 30-50 kg / mu; When garlic-specific slow-release fertilizer is used as topdressing, the application rate is 12-16 kg / mu each time; Top dressing should be done 1 to 2 times during the differentiation period and / or bulb expansion period of garlic.