Dredging method for vertical shaft slag sliding hole

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, in particular to a dredging method for a vertical shaft slag sliding hole, which utilizes static load generated by water pressure or dynamic load generated by free falling motion of a heavy hammer to dredge slag blocking bodies in the slag sliding hole. By adopting the dredging method provided by the invention, the problems existing in dredging by adopting a manual deslagging method, a blasting vibration method, a hydrogen balloon method, a long rod method and a rocket projectile method in the prior art are effectively solved, and the dredging method can be suitable for dredging the slag sliding hole in the raise-boring construction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction, in particular to a method for dredging a slag hole in a shaft. Background Art

[0002] As tunnel construction develops towards length, size and depth, a single ventilation method can no longer meet the requirements of tunnel ventilation and fire smoke exhaust. In order to achieve segmented ventilation or speed up construction progress, adding vertical shafts has become a reasonable and efficient choice. At present, there are two main vertical shaft construction methods: the forward shaft method and the reverse shaft method. The reverse shaft method is widely used due to its advantages such as convenient slag discharge and high construction efficiency.

[0003] During the construction of the reverse shaft method, the diameter of the slag hole is small, generally 1 to 2 meters, but the length is the same as the vertical shaft, generally 200 to 500 meters, and it is a slender structure, which is very easy to get blocked during blasting and slag discharge operations. Since the cross-section of the slag hole is small and can only accommodate 1 to 2 people, the process of clearing the slag hole after it is blocked is extremely difficult and dangerous.

[0004] At present, the main methods for unblocking the slag hole blockage include manual slag removal, blasting vibration, hydrogen balloon, long rod, rocket, etc. Both the manual slag removal method and blasting vibration require manual lifting into the hole with a safety belt for treatment, which is only applicable to shallow blockages and is extremely dangerous; the hydrogen method is to tie explosives to a hydrogen balloon, use the balloon's buoyancy to the blockage surface, use blasting vibration to unblock the slag, and explode into the bottom of the slag, which is inefficient and easy to damage the slag hole, and has poor controllability; the rocket method mainly uses civilian rockets to launch bombs to unblock the slag, which requires a professional operation team, is risky and costly. In short, these methods are difficult to operate, risky, costly, and have low construction efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dredging method that is simple to operate, highly safe, and can be independently operated by the construction unit and is controllable. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a method for unblocking a slag hole in a vertical shaft, which uses a static load generated by water pressure or a dynamic load generated by the free fall motion of a heavy hammer to unblock the slag blockage in the slag hole.

[0007] Preferably, when the static load generated by water pressure is used for dredging, the device used includes a hanging plate, a water supply tank and a PE waterproof cloth; the hanging plate is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and initial support; a derrick is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch is arranged on the ground next to the derrick; the steel cable of the winch is connected to the hanging plate after passing through the pulley on the top of the derrick; the PE waterproof cloth has a circular structure, and after the edge of the PE waterproof cloth is connected to the bottom edge of the hanging plate, the drooping end formed is inserted into the slag chute and extends downward to abut against the slag blocking body; a water pipe is connected to the water supply tank, and the water outlet end of the water pipe passes through the hanging plate and is aligned with the inner cavity mouth surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth.

[0008] Preferably, hanging holes are evenly distributed on the edge of the PE waterproof cloth; a plurality of hooks are evenly distributed on 1 / 2 edge of the bottom of the hanging plate, and a plurality of clips are evenly distributed on the other 1 / 2 edge; half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth is hung on the hook of the hanging plate through the hanging holes, and the other half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth is directly clamped on the clip.

[0009] Preferably, the operation of dredging using the static load generated by water pressure includes the following steps:

[0010] Step A1, connect the water pipe to the water supply tank, and lower the water pipe to pass through the hanging plate; hang half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth on the hook of the hanging plate through the hanging hole, and directly clamp the other half of the edge on the clip of the hanging plate; insert the drooping end formed by the PE waterproof cloth into the slag chute and abut against the slag blocking body, and the PE waterproof cloth is close to the wall of the shaft and the wall of the slag chute;

[0011] Step A2, open the valve on the water supply tank to inject water into the inner cavity surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth to form a water body; continue to inject water so that the hydrostatic pressure of the water body on the slag blocking body is greater than the friction between the slag blocking body and the hole wall, and the slag blocking body falls off;

[0012] Step A3: Continuously inject water so that the PE waterproof cloth is separated from the clamp under the action of static water load, and the water inside the PE waterproof cloth flows out and flows into the main hole along the slag chute, and the water flow flushes the hole wall of the slag chute to remove the slag blocking body remaining on the hole wall;

[0013] Step A4: Close the valve on the water supply tank, lift the lifting platform, and recycle the PE tarpaulin and water pipe.

[0014] Preferably, when the free fall motion of a heavy hammer is used to generate a dynamic load for dredging, the device used includes a heavy hammer and a hanging plate, and a hook body is installed on the bottom surface of the hanging plate; the hanging plate is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and excavation and initial support; a derrick is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch is arranged on the ground next to the derrick; the steel cable of the winch is connected to the hanging plate after passing around the pulley on the top of the derrick; a ring is arranged on the top surface of the heavy hammer, and the heavy hammer can be hung on the hook body on the bottom surface of the hanging plate through the ring.

[0015] Preferably, the operation of unblocking by using the dynamic load generated by the free fall motion of the heavy hammer comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step B1, hang the weight on the hook on the bottom of the hanging plate through the ring;

[0017] Step B2, start the winch to lift the hoisting plate to a certain height, loosen the hook body so that the ring of the weight is detached from the hook body, and the weight falls freely in the slag chute under the action of gravity and hits the slag blocking body;

[0018] Step B3: If the slag blockage is not completely broken and falls off, remove the heavy hammer from the slag chute and repeat steps B1 and B2 until the slag chute is completely unblocked.

[0019] Preferably, the weight is in the shape of an inverted cone, and at least three pairs of positioning wheels are evenly distributed at the edges of the top of the weight. In the step B2, when the weight freely falls in the slag chute, the positioning wheels roll on the wall of the slag chute.

[0020] Preferably, the tip of the heavy hammer is configured as a hammer head, and the material of the hammer head is steel or cast iron.

[0021] Preferably, two latch mounting blocks are provided on the hook body, and latches are slidably inserted into the through holes of the two latch mounting blocks; in the step B1, after the ring is hung on the hook body, the latch is inserted into the through holes of the two latch mounting blocks to prevent the ring from being unhooked during the lifting process of the heavy hammer.

[0022] Preferably, the hook body is installed on the bottom surface of the hanging plate through two support plates, the hook body is arranged in the gap between the two support plates, and the hook body is connected to the two support plates through a rotating shaft; in the step B2, when releasing the hook body, first pull out the pin, push the hook body to rotate around the rotating shaft, so that the ring slides off the notch of the hook body and unhooks.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) The dredging method provided by the present invention, when the static load generated by water pressure is used to dredge the slag blockage in the slag chute, has the following effects: ① Good environmental protection: no chemical agents are used, no pollution to the environment; water is used as the main medium, no secondary pollution problem. ② Easy to operate: only water injection is required, easy operation, no need for complex mechanical equipment and professional operators. ③ High efficiency: water pressure can quickly apply static load pressure to the slag blockage, and the cleaning efficiency is high; it is suitable for various types of slag blockages, including mud, rock fragments, etc. ④ Low cost: simple equipment and low maintenance cost; the cost of PE waterproof cloth and water source pipes is low and can be reused.

[0025] (2) The dredging method provided by the present invention, when the dynamic load generated by the free fall motion of the heavy hammer is used to dredge the slag blockage in the slag chute, has the following effects: ① High efficiency: The impact force of the heavy hammer can quickly destroy the slag blockage, significantly improving the cleaning efficiency. Compared with the traditional manual cleaning method, it can greatly shorten the cleaning time and improve production efficiency. ② Safety: Reduces the participation of manual cleaning and reduces the safety risks of operators. Workers do not need to enter the shaft, avoiding the risk of injury caused by landslides or falls. ③ Easy to operate: The device has a simple structure and is easy to install and operate. The operator only needs to control the winch to lift and release the hook, reducing labor intensity and operation complexity. ④ Low cost: The equipment is simple, low maintenance cost, and can be reused.

[0026] (3) The dredging method provided by the present invention effectively overcomes the problems existing in the prior art of using artificial slag removal method, blasting vibration method, hydrogen balloon method, long rod method, and rocket method for dredging, and can be used to dredge the slag chute during the reverse well construction process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the dredging method provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolding of the PE waterproof cloth in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the PE waterproof cloth and the hook of the hanging plate through the hanging hole in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the PE waterproof cloth and the clip in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure in the tunnel;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the dredging method provided by the present invention

[0034] Figure 7 A top view of the second embodiment of the present invention when the weight and the positioning wheel cooperate;

[0035] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention when the heavy hammer and the positioning wheel cooperate

[0036] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hook body in the second embodiment of the invention.

[0037] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Pulley; 2. Derrick; 3. Winch; 4. Hoisting plate; 5. Anchor rod; 6. Shotcrete; 7. Slag plugging body; 8. Primary support of main tunnel; 9. Tunnel main tunnel; 10. Slag pile; 11. Water supply tank; 12. Steel cable; 13. Water pipe; 14. Water body; 15. PE waterproof cloth; 16. Slag chute; 17. Secondary lining of main tunnel; 18. Slag truck; 19. Hook; 20. Hanging hole; 21. Clip; 22. Drainage ditch; 23. Central drain pipe; 24. Heavy hammer; 24a. Hammer head; 25. Chain; 26. Ring; 27. Positioning wheel; 28. Pin mounting block; 29. ​​Pin; 30. Rotating shaft; 31. Hook body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0040] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 6As shown, the ventilation shaft is constructed by the reverse shaft method on the built tunnel main hole 9, and the wall of the built tunnel main hole 9 is supported by the main hole initial support 8 and the main hole secondary lining 17. The ventilation shaft reverse shaft construction facilities are mainly composed of a pulley 1, a derrick 2, a winch 3, and a hoisting plate 4.

[0042] During the construction of the vertical shaft, a pilot hole is first formed from top to bottom by a raise boring machine, and then the slag hole 16 is formed by digging in the reverse direction from bottom to top. After the slag hole 16 is formed, on the basis of the slag hole 16, drilling and blasting are carried out from top to bottom, and anchor rods 5 and shotcrete 6 are used for initial support to form the vertical shaft, and finally secondary lining is applied to complete the construction. The slag hole 16 plays the role of slag sliding, so that the rock slag produced by drilling and blasting and digging slides into the main tunnel 9, forming a rock slag pile 10 in the main tunnel 9, and then transported out by a slag truck 18.

[0043] Since the shaft is constructed from top to bottom, during the drilling and blasting process, the slag hole 16 may be blocked due to the large size of the blasting block, the slag is not discharged in time, etc., forming a Figure 1 , Figure 6 The slag blocking body 7 is shown. After the slag chute 16 is blocked, it needs to be unblocked. Therefore, a method for unblocking the slag chute of a vertical shaft is proposed, which uses the static load generated by water pressure or the dynamic load generated by the free fall motion of a heavy hammer to unblock the slag blocking body 7 in the slag chute 16.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it is a first embodiment of a method for unblocking a slag hole in a vertical shaft provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, a static load generated by water pressure is used for unblocking, and the adopted device includes a hanging plate 4, a water supply box 11 and a PE waterproof cloth 15; the hanging plate 4 is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and excavation and initial support; a derrick 2 is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch 3 is arranged on the ground next to the derrick 2; the steel cable 12 of the winch 3 is connected to the hanging plate 4 after passing through the pulley 1 on the top of the derrick 2; the PE waterproof cloth 15 is a circular structure, and after the edge of the PE waterproof cloth 15 is connected to the bottom edge of the hanging plate 4, the drooping end formed is inserted into the slag hole 16 and extends downward to abut against the slag blocking body 7; a water pipe 13 is connected to the water supply box 11, and the water outlet end of the water pipe 13 passes through the hanging plate 4 and is aligned with the inner cavity mouth surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth 15. Furthermore, hanging holes 20 are evenly distributed on the edge of the PE waterproof cloth 15; a plurality of hooks 19 are evenly distributed on 1 / 2 edge of the bottom of the hanging plate 4, and a plurality of clips 21 are evenly distributed on the other 1 / 2 edge; half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth 15 is hung on the hook 19 of the hanging plate 4 through the hanging holes 20, and the other half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth 15 is directly clamped on the clip 21.

[0046] By adopting the above device, the operation of dredging by utilizing the static load generated by water pressure includes the following steps:

[0047] Step A1, connect the water pipe 13 to the water supply tank 11, and lower the water pipe 13 so that it passes through the hanging plate 4; hang half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth 15 on the hook 19 of the hanging plate 4 through the hanging hole 20, as shown in the following figure: Figure 2 The edge shown in A is hung on the hook 19 of the hanging plate 4 through the hanging hole 20; the other half of the edge is directly clamped on the clip 21 of the hanging plate 4, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The edge shown in B is directly clamped on the clamp 21 of the hanging plate 4; the drooping end formed by the PE waterproof cloth 15 is inserted into the slag hole 16 and abuts against the slag blocking body 7, and the PE waterproof cloth 15 is close to the wall of the shaft and the wall of the slag hole 16.

[0048] Step A2, open the valve on the water supply box 11 to inject water into the inner cavity surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth 15 to form a water body 14, and the water body forms a hydrostatic load on the slag blocking body 7; when the water is continuously injected so that the hydrostatic pressure formed by the water body 14 on the slag blocking body 7 is greater than the friction between the slag blocking body 7 and the hole wall, the slag blocking body 7 falls off; specifically, the PE waterproof cloth 15 is separated from the clamp 21 due to the water pressure, and there is obvious slag falling at the slag pile 10 directly below the slag chute 16.

[0049] Step A3, continuously injecting water so that the PE waterproof cloth 15 is separated from the clamp 21 under the action of the static water load, and the water body 14 inside the PE waterproof cloth 15 flows out and flows into the main hole along the slag chute 16, and the water flow flushes the hole wall of the slag chute 16 to remove the slag blocking body 7 remaining on the hole wall.

[0050] Step A4, close the valve on the water supply tank 11, lift the hanging plate 4, and recycle the PE waterproof cloth 15 and the water pipe 13.

[0051] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the water flowing into the main tunnel 9 is discharged along the drainage ditches 22 on both sides of the main tunnel and the central drainage pipe 23.

[0052] PE waterproof cloth 15 is a waterproof film made of polyethylene material, which has excellent waterproof performance and good mechanical strength. When selecting PE waterproof cloth 15, its thickness, compressive strength and wear resistance should be considered to ensure its long-term use in high-pressure water environment. In addition, during use, the working status of PE waterproof cloth 15 and water pipe 13 should be checked regularly, and damaged parts should be replaced in time. Especially in high-pressure operating environments, the durability of PE waterproof cloth 15 and the sealing of water pipe 13 are particularly important. Regular maintenance and overhaul can ensure the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0053] In the first embodiment, water pressure is used to apply static load pressure to the slag blockage 7, and the cleaning efficiency is high; PE waterproof cloth 15 is used as a carrier, which is low in cost and reusable; the PE waterproof cloth 15 and the hanging plate 4 are connected in a curtain-like manner, which can indirectly indicate whether the slag blockage 7 is damaged.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] Combination Figures 6 to 9 As shown, it is a second embodiment of a method for unclogging a slag hole in a vertical shaft provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the free fall motion of a heavy hammer is used to generate a dynamic load for unclogging. The device used includes a heavy hammer 24 and a hanging plate 4, on the bottom surface of which a hook body 31 is installed; the hanging plate 4 is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and excavation and initial support; a derrick 2 is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch 3 is arranged on the ground next to the derrick 2; the steel cable 12 of the winch 3 is connected to the hanging plate 4 after passing around the pulley 1 on the top of the derrick 2; a circular ring 26 is arranged on the top surface of the heavy hammer 24, and the heavy hammer 24 can be hung on the hook body 31 on the bottom surface of the hanging plate 4 through the circular ring 26.

[0056] By adopting the above device, the operation of dredging by utilizing the dynamic load generated by the free fall motion of the weight includes the following steps:

[0057] Step B1, hang the weight 24 on the hook 31 on the bottom surface of the hanging plate 4 through the ring 26;

[0058] Step B2, start the hoist 3 to lift the hanging plate 4 to a certain height, loosen the hook 31 so that the ring 26 of the weight 24 is detached from the hook 31, and the weight 24 freely falls in the slag chute 16 under the action of gravity and hits the slag blocking body 7;

[0059] Step B3: If the slag blocking body 7 is not completely broken and falls off, remove the heavy hammer 24 from the slag chute 16, and repeat steps B1 and B2 until the slag chute 16 is completely unblocked.

[0060] Combination Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the heavy hammer 24 is used to provide impact force to destroy the slag blocking body 7. The design of the heavy hammer 24 needs to take into account its weight, shape and material to ensure that it has sufficient impact force. In this embodiment, the heavy hammer 24 is designed to be in the shape of an inverted cone, and the tip of the heavy hammer 24 is set as a hammer head 24a, and the material of the hammer head 24a is steel or cast iron, ensuring the hardness of the hammer head 24a to break the slag blocking body 7. The diameter of the heavy hammer 24 should not be too large to avoid excessive damage to the wall of the slag chute 16.

[0061] In this embodiment, the hoist 3 is used to lift the hanging plate, and then the weight 24. The selection of the hoist 3 can be determined according to the depth of the shaft and the weight of the weight 24. Usually, an electric hoist is used for easy operation and control.

[0062] Three pairs of positioning wheels 27 are evenly distributed at the edge position of the top of the weight 24. In the step B2, when the weight 24 freely falls in the slag chute 16, the positioning wheels 27 roll on the hole wall of the slag chute 16. The positioning wheels 27 are used to locate and guide the movement path of the weight 24, to ensure that the weight 24 does not deviate during the falling process, and to ensure that the weight 24 can accurately align with the slag blocking body 7.

[0063] Two latch mounting blocks 28 are provided on the hook body 31, and latches 29 are slidably inserted into the through holes of the two latch mounting blocks 28; in the step B1, after the ring 26 is hung on the hook body 31, the latch 29 is inserted into the through holes of the two latch mounting blocks 28 to prevent the ring 26 from being unhooked during the lifting process of the heavy hammer 24.

[0064] Combination Fig. 9 As shown, the hook body 31 is installed on the bottom surface of the hanging plate 4 through two support plates (not shown in the figure), the hook body 31 is arranged in the interval between the two support plates, and the hook body 31 is connected to the two support plates through the rotating shaft 30; in the step B2, when the hook body 31 is released, the pin 29 is first pulled out to push the hook body 31 to rotate around the rotating shaft 30, so that the ring 26 slides off the hook from the notch of the hook body 31.

[0065] Combination Figure 5 As shown, a chain 25 is also provided between the hanging plate 4 and the weight 24, and the length of the chain 25 is greater than or equal to the length of the shaft to be excavated. In step B3, when the weight 24 needs to be taken out from the slag hole 16, the chain 25 can be wound up by a hoisting device to take the weight 24 out of the slag hole 16, and then the operation of step B1 is performed. When performing the operation of step B2, it is necessary to first pull out the chain 25 and place it on the bottom wall of the shaft formed by drilling, blasting and initial support. During the cleaning process, the lifting height and release times of the weight 24 can be adjusted as needed to achieve the best cleaning effect.

[0066] In this embodiment, the impact of the heavy hammer 24 is used to apply a dynamic load to the slag blockage 7, and the cleaning efficiency is high; a positioning wheel 27 is provided on the heavy hammer 24 to prevent it from deviating from the direction. The latch 29 on the hook body 31 can prevent the hook from being unhooked during the lifting of the heavy hammer 24.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft, characterized in that: The slag blocking body (7) in the slag chute (16) is cleared by utilizing the static load generated by water pressure or the dynamic load generated by the free-falling motion of a heavy hammer.

2. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the static load generated by water pressure is used for dredging, the device used includes a hanging plate (4), a water supply box (11) and a PE waterproof cloth (15); the hanging plate (4) is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and excavation and initial support; a derrick (2) is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch (3) is arranged on the ground next to the derrick (2); the steel cable (12) of the winch (3) passes around the pulley (1) at the top of the derrick (2) and is connected to the hanging plate (4); the PE waterproof cloth (15) has a circular structure, and after the edge of the PE waterproof cloth (15) is connected to the bottom edge of the hanging plate (4), the drooping end formed is inserted into the slag chute (16) and extends downward to abut against the slag blocking body (7); the water supply box (11) is connected to a water pipe (13), and the water outlet end of the water pipe (13) passes through the hanging plate (4) and is aligned with the inner cavity mouth surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth (15).

3. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: Hanging holes (20) are evenly distributed on the edge of the PE waterproof cloth (15); a plurality of hooks (19) are evenly distributed on 1 / 2 of the edge of the bottom of the hanging plate (4), and a plurality of clips (21) are evenly distributed on the other 1 / 2 of the edge; half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth (15) is hung on the hooks (19) of the hanging plate (4) through the hanging holes (20), and the other half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth (15) is directly clamped on the clips (21).

4. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The operation of dredging using static load generated by water pressure includes the following steps: Step A1, connecting the water pipe (13) to the water supply box (11), and lowering the water pipe (13) to pass through the hanging plate (4); hanging half of the edge of the PE waterproof cloth (15) on the hook (19) of the hanging plate (4) through the hanging hole (20), and directly clamping the other half of the edge on the clip (21) of the hanging plate (4); inserting the drooping end formed by the PE waterproof cloth (15) into the slag chute (16) and abutting against the slag blocking body (7), the PE waterproof cloth (15) is in close contact with the wall of the shaft and the wall of the slag chute (16); Step A2, opening the valve on the water supply box (11) to inject water into the inner cavity surrounded by the PE waterproof cloth (15) to form a water body (14); continuously injecting water so that the hydrostatic pressure formed by the water body (14) on the slag blocking body (7) is greater than the friction between the slag blocking body (7) and the hole wall, and the slag blocking body (7) falls off; Step A3, continuously injecting water so that the PE waterproof cloth (15) is separated from the clamp (21) under the action of the static water load, and the water body (14) inside the PE waterproof cloth (15) flows out and flows into the main hole along the slag chute (16), and the water flow flushes the hole wall of the slag chute (16) to remove the slag blocking body (7) remaining on the hole wall; Step A4: close the valve on the water supply tank (11), lift the hanging plate (4), and recycle the PE waterproof cloth (15) and the water pipe (13).

5. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the free-falling motion of a heavy hammer is used to generate a dynamic load for dredging, the device used comprises a heavy hammer (24) and a hanging plate (4), and a hook body (31) is installed on the bottom surface of the hanging plate (4); the hanging plate (4) is arranged in a vertical shaft formed by drilling, blasting and excavation and initial support; a derrick (2) is installed on the ground at the mouth of the vertical shaft, and a winch (3) is arranged on the ground beside the derrick (2); a steel cable (12) of the winch (3) is connected to the hanging plate (4) after passing around a pulley (1) at the top of the derrick (2); a circular ring (26) is arranged on the top surface of the heavy hammer (24), and the heavy hammer (24) can be hung on the hook body (31) on the bottom surface of the hanging plate (4) through the circular ring (26).

6. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The operation of dredging using the dynamic load generated by the free fall of a heavy hammer includes the following steps: Step B1, hang the weight (24) on the hook (31) on the bottom surface of the hanging plate (4) through the ring (26); Step B2, start the hoist (3) to lift the hanging plate (4) to a certain height, loosen the hook (31) so that the ring (26) of the weight (24) is detached from the hook (31), and the weight (24) falls freely in the slag chute (16) under the action of gravity and hits the slag blocking body (7); Step B3: If the slag blocking body (7) is not completely broken and falls off, remove the heavy hammer (24) from the slag chute (16), and repeat steps B1 and B2 until the slag chute (16) is completely unblocked.

7. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weight (24) is in the shape of an inverted cone, and at least three pairs of positioning wheels (27) are evenly distributed at the edge position of the top of the weight (24). In the step B2, when the weight (24) freely falls in the slag chute (16), the positioning wheels (27) roll on the hole wall of the slag chute (16).

8. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tip of the heavy hammer (24) is configured as a hammer head (24a), and the material of the hammer head (24a) is steel or cast iron.

9. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two latch mounting blocks (28) are arranged on the hook body (31), and latches (29) are slidably inserted into through holes of the two latch mounting blocks (28); in the step B1, after the ring (26) is hung on the hook body (31), the latches (29) are inserted into the through holes of the two latch mounting blocks (28) to prevent the ring (26) from being unhooked during the lifting process of the heavy hammer (24).

10. A method for dredging a slag hole in a vertical shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: The hook body (31) is installed on the bottom surface of the hanging plate (4) through two supporting plates. The hook body (31) is arranged in the interval between the two supporting plates, and the hook body (31) and the two supporting plates are connected through the rotating shaft (30). In the step B2, when the hook body (31) is released, the latch (29) is firstly pulled out to push the hook body (31) to rotate around the rotating shaft (30), so that the ring (26) slides off the hook from the notch of the hook body (31).

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