Height-adjustable active and passive combined magnetorheological damper

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dampers, and discloses a height-adjustable active and passive combined magnetorheological damper which comprises a working cylinder, a left end cover and a right end cover, and the left end cover and the right end cover are arranged at the two ends of the working cylinder respectively. A hollow piston rod is arranged in the working cylinder, a piston is arranged on the hollow piston rod, a floating piston is arranged in the working cylinder and located between the left end cover and the piston, the area between the floating piston and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and marked as a left cavity, and the area between the right end cover and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and marked as a right cavity. The magnetorheological fluid can flow between the left cavity and the right cavity, and the piston can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid to generate a damping effect; a movable coil is arranged outside the working cylinder, the generation position of an active magnetic field is changed by adjusting the position of the coil, and the vibration reduction performance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dampers, and in particular to a height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous upgrading of automobile functions, the degree of intelligence is getting higher and higher. In terms of shock absorbers, it is mainly reflected in height adjustment and damping adjustment. Among them, height adjustment can adjust the suspension stiffness according to the driver's preference and road conditions, reduce the bumpy feeling of the vehicle, and provide a more comfortable driving experience, especially when driving long distances. Adjustable damping can be automatically adjusted according to real-time road conditions and driving needs, making the vibration reduction effect of the car more flexible and intelligent. As a kind of adjustable damping, magnetorheological dampers can achieve rapid response in a short time, effectively reduce the bumpy feeling of the vehicle on bumpy roads, and improve driving comfort.

[0003] Therefore, a highly adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper is proposed, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of height adjustability and damping adjustability. This technology has broad application prospects in the fields of renewable energy, intelligent structures and vibration control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper. The vehicle body height can be adjusted by changing the position of the movable coil, and the magnetic field strength and thus the damping effect can be adjusted by changing the input current of the movable coil. The permanent magnet can generate a magnetic field without inputting external energy, which can improve the utilization rate of energy, improve the safety of the damper, and generate better economic benefits.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper comprises a working cylinder and a left end cover and a right end cover respectively arranged at both ends of the working cylinder; a hollow piston rod is arranged in the working cylinder, a piston is arranged on the hollow piston rod, a floating piston is arranged in the working cylinder between the left end cover and the piston, the area between the floating piston and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and is recorded as a left chamber, and the area between the right end cover and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and is recorded as a right chamber; the magnetorheological fluid can flow between the left chamber and the right chamber, and the piston can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid to produce a damping effect; a movable coil is arranged outside the working cylinder, and the position of the active magnetic field can be changed by adjusting the position of the coil to improve the vibration reduction performance.

[0007] Furthermore, the piston includes permanent magnet I, permanent magnet II and permanent magnet III, wherein permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III are located on both sides of permanent magnet II, and a “X”-shaped flow channel is formed between permanent magnet I, permanent magnet II and permanent magnet III, wherein the magnetic field directions of permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III are radial, and the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet II is axial.

[0008] Furthermore, there are three movable coils, including movable coil III, movable coil II, and movable coil I, which are sequentially arranged outside the working cylinder; and a spring seat is provided on the movable coil I, which is connected to a spring, so that the position of the movable coil I can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the height of the vehicle body.

[0009] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided in the working cylinder between the piston and the right end cover, so that the magnetorheological fluid can only flow from the right chamber to the left chamber, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

[0010] Furthermore, a liquid flow channel is provided in the hollow piston rod, one side opening of the liquid flow channel is located at the left end surface of the hollow piston rod, and the other side opening is located to the right of the one-way valve, which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid to pass through.

[0011] Furthermore, the area between the floating piston and the left end cover is filled with nitrogen, which can solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod entering and exiting the working cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, an O-ring I is provided between the right end cover and the working cylinder, an O-ring II is provided between the right end cover and the hollow piston rod, an O-ring III is provided between the one-way valve and the working cylinder, an O-ring IV is provided between the floating piston and the working cylinder, and an O-ring V is provided between the left end cover and the working cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the permanent magnet I has the same structure as the permanent magnet III, including a disc-shaped body, a through hole is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body, a group of concave chambers are provided along the circumferential direction on the side of the disc-shaped body, and a flow hole is provided on the side of the concave chamber close to the center of the disc-shaped body.

[0014] Furthermore, the permanent magnet II includes a disc-shaped body II, a through hole II is provided at the center position of the disc-shaped body II, a group of concave chambers II are provided along the circumferential direction on the side of the disc-shaped body II, and a flow hole II is provided in the concave chamber II on the side away from the center position of the disc-shaped body II.

[0015] Furthermore, the working cylinder is provided with an external thread on the outside for installing the movable coil.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the permanent magnet can generate a magnetic field without inputting external energy, thereby improving the utilization rate of energy; the three groups of permanent magnets are composed of two groups of radial magnetic fields and one group of axial magnetic fields, which can effectively increase the working length of the piston fluid channel; the movable coil is located outside the working cylinder, and the two are threadedly connected, and the position can be adjusted to improve the heat dissipation, and the input current can be changed to adjust the damping effect; one group of external coils is fixed to the spring disk, and a spring is arranged on the spring disk, and the vehicle body height can be adjusted while adjusting the damping action position; a fluid channel is arranged in the hollow piston rod, which can allow magnetorheological fluid to pass through while being lightweight; the one-way valve ensures that the magnetorheological fluid can only flow from right to left, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a simplified assembly diagram of the present invention after height adjustment;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a "J"-shaped flow channel;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of magnetic field direction of permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet II;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow direction during the compression process;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the flow direction of the restoration process;

[0024] In the figure: 1-left lifting ring, 2-left end cover, 3-working cylinder, 4-movable coil III, 5-movable coil II, 6-movable coil I, 7-spring, 8-hollow piston rod, 9-right end cover, 10-right lifting ring, 11-O-type sealing ring I, 12-O-type sealing ring II, 13-magnetorheological fluid, 14-O-type sealing ring III, 15-check valve, 16-permanent magnet I, 17-permanent magnet II, 18-permanent magnet III, 19-floating piston, 20-O-type sealing ring IV, 21-nitrogen, 22-O-type sealing ring V, 23-disc-shaped body one, 24-through hole one, 25-concave chamber one, 26-through hole one, 27-disc-shaped body two, 28-through hole two, 29-concave chamber two, 30-through hole two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the attached Figure 1 The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a height-adjustable active and passive combined magnetorheological damper includes a left lifting ring 1, a left end cover 2, a working cylinder 3, a movable coil III 4, a movable coil II 5, a movable coil I 6, a spring 7, a hollow piston rod 8, a right end cover 9, a right lifting ring 10, a magnetorheological fluid 13, a one-way valve 15, a permanent magnet I 16, a permanent magnet II 17, a permanent magnet III 18, and a floating piston 19.

[0028] The left and right ends of the damper working cylinder 3 are respectively connected to a left end cover 2 and a right end cover 9, and the left end of the left end cover 2 is connected to a left lifting ring 1; a hollow piston rod 8 is arranged in the working cylinder 3, a piston is arranged at the left end of the hollow piston rod 8, and the right end of the hollow piston rod 8 passes through the right end cover 9 and extends out of the working cylinder 3;

[0029] A floating piston 19 is provided inside the working cylinder 3 between the left end cover 2 and the piston. The floating piston is located inside the working cylinder and is divided into two parts: an air chamber filled with high-pressure nitrogen and a liquid chamber filled with magnetorheological fluid. The floating piston is usually equipped with a large-section O-ring or other sealing element to ensure that the magnetorheological fluid and the high-pressure nitrogen in the air chamber will not mix, while allowing the floating piston to move freely. The volume of the working cylinder changes due to the entry and exit of the shock absorber piston rod. At this time, the high-pressure nitrogen in the air chamber compensates for the volume change of the working cylinder by pushing the floating piston up and down. When the shock absorber is compressed, the magnetorheological fluid in the working chamber will push the floating piston to move to the left, thereby compressing the nitrogen in the air chamber; when the shock absorber rebounds, the compressed nitrogen will push the floating piston to move to the right, helping the magnetorheological fluid to flow back. The area between the floating piston 19 and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid 13 and is recorded as the left chamber; the area between the right end cover 9 and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid 13 and is recorded as the right chamber; the magnetorheological fluid 13 flows between the left chamber and the right chamber.

[0030] In this embodiment, the piston is composed of permanent magnet I 16 , permanent magnet II 17 , and permanent magnet III 18 , which can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid 13 to produce a damping effect.

[0031] Permanent magnet Ⅰ16 and permanent magnet Ⅲ18 are located on both sides of permanent magnet Ⅱ17, wherein the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet Ⅰ16 and permanent magnet Ⅲ18 is radial, and the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet Ⅱ17 is axial. The four sections of the "J"-shaped flow channel are all effective lengths, which can effectively increase the working length of the flow channel.

[0032] Specifically, permanent magnet I16 has the same structure as permanent magnet III18, including a disc-shaped body 23, a through hole 24 is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body 23, a group of concave chambers 25 are provided on one side of the disc-shaped body 23 along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole 26 is provided in the concave chamber 25 on the side close to the center of the disc-shaped body 26; permanent magnet II17 includes a disc-shaped body 27, a through hole 28 is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body 27, a group of concave chambers 29 are provided on both sides of the disc-shaped body 27 along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole 30 is provided in the concave chamber 29 on the side away from the center of the disc-shaped body 27.

[0033] The positions and numbers of the concave chamber 1 25 and the concave chamber 2 29 correspond one to one, thereby forming a ""-shaped flow channel between the permanent magnets Ⅰ 16 , Ⅱ 17 , and Ⅲ 18 .

[0034] In this embodiment: the working cylinder 3 is provided with a thread on the outside, which is connected to the movable coil III4, the movable coil II5, and the movable coil I6. The active magnetic field generating position can be changed by adjusting the coil position to improve the vibration reduction performance; a spring seat is provided at the right end of the movable coil I6, which is connected to the spring 7. The position of the movable coil I6 can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the vehicle body height.

[0035] In this embodiment: a one-way valve 15 is provided in the working cylinder 3 between the piston and the right end cover 9. The one-way valve 15 ensures that the magnetorheological fluid 13 can only flow from right to left, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

[0036] In this embodiment, a liquid flow channel is provided in the hollow piston rod 8, one opening is located at the left end surface of the hollow piston rod 8, and the other opening is located to the right of the one-way valve 15, which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid 13 to pass through.

[0037] In this embodiment, nitrogen 21 is provided on the left side of the floating piston 19 to solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod 8 entering and exiting the working cylinder 3.

[0038] In this embodiment: an O-ring I11 is provided between the right end cover 9 and the working cylinder 3, an O-ring II12 is provided between the right end cover 9 and the hollow piston rod 8, an O-ring III14 is provided between the one-way valve 15 and the working cylinder 3, an O-ring IV20 is provided between the floating piston 19 and the working cylinder 3, and an O-ring V22 is provided between the left end cover 2 and the working cylinder 3. The above-mentioned O-ring I11, O-ring II12, O-ring III14, O-ring IV20 and O-ring V22 can effectively improve the sealing performance and ensure the normal operation of the shock absorber.

[0039] Working principle:

[0040] As a new type of intelligent material, magnetorheological fluid can change from a viscous liquid state to a semi-solid state within a few milliseconds under the action of a magnetic field, and has a certain magnetically controlled variable yield stress. When the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid can quickly change from a solid-like state to a Newtonian fluid state. This transformation process is reversible and continuous. Magnetorheological shock absorbers are based on the controllable characteristics of magnetorheological fluid. When stimulated by uneven road surfaces, their pistons reciprocate in and out of the working cylinder and during this movement (in is called the compression process, out is called the recovery process, and the flow direction of the related magnetorheological fluid is as follows: Figure 6 , 7 (As shown) The magnetorheological fluid passes through the damping channel assembled in the piston, and under the action of the magnetic field, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid changes significantly, thereby causing a pressure difference in the fluid flow, and thus generating a damping force proportional to the controllable magnetic field.

[0041] There are two ways to generate a magnetic field. One method is to connect the coil to an external power source and change the size of the magnetic field by changing the current. This method requires external energy input, so it is called active. Another method is to use permanent magnets, which have their own magnetic field and do not require real-time external energy input, so it is called passive. Combining the two methods can significantly improve performance and safety while reducing energy consumption.

[0042] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0043] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper, comprising a working cylinder (3) and a left end cover (2) and a right end cover (9) respectively arranged at two ends of the working cylinder (3); characterized in that: A hollow piston rod (8) is provided in the working cylinder (3), and a piston is provided on the hollow piston rod (8). A floating piston (19) is provided in the working cylinder (3) between the left end cover (2) and the piston. The area between the floating piston (19) and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid (13) and is recorded as the left chamber. The area between the right end cover (9) and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid (13) and is recorded as the right chamber. The magnetorheological fluid (13) can flow between the left chamber and the right chamber, and the piston can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid (13) to produce a damping effect. A movable coil is provided outside the working cylinder (3), and the position of the active magnetic field is changed by adjusting the position of the movable coil to improve the vibration reduction performance.

2. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston comprises a permanent magnet I (16), a permanent magnet II (17) and a permanent magnet III (18), wherein the permanent magnet I (16) and the permanent magnet III (18) are located on both sides of the permanent magnet II (17), and a "J"-shaped flow channel is formed between the permanent magnet I (16), the permanent magnet II (17) and the permanent magnet III (18), wherein the magnetic field directions of the permanent magnet I (16) and the permanent magnet III (18) are radial, and the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet II (17) is axial.

3. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable coils are provided in three parts, including a movable coil III (4), a movable coil II (5), and a movable coil I (6) which are sequentially arranged outside the working cylinder (3); and a spring seat is provided on the movable coil I (6), which is connected to a spring (7), so that the position of the movable coil I (6) can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the height of the vehicle body.

4. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A one-way valve (15) is provided in the working cylinder (3) between the piston and the right end cover (9), so that the magnetorheological fluid (13) can only flow from the right chamber to the left chamber, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

5. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hollow piston rod (8) is provided with a liquid flow channel, one side opening of the liquid flow channel is located at the left end surface of the hollow piston rod (8), and the other side opening is located to the right of the one-way valve (15), which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid (13) to pass through.

6. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area between the floating piston (19) and the left end cover (2) is filled with nitrogen (21), which can solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod (8) entering and exiting the working cylinder (3).

7. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: An O-ring I (11) is provided between the right end cover (9) and the working cylinder (3), an O-ring II (12) is provided between the right end cover (9) and the hollow piston rod (8), an O-ring III (14) is provided between the one-way valve (15) and the working cylinder (3), an O-ring IV (20) is provided between the floating piston (19) and the working cylinder (3), and an O-ring V (22) is provided between the left end cover (2) and the working cylinder (3).

8. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The permanent magnet I (16) has the same structure as the permanent magnet III (18), including a disc-shaped body (23), a through hole (24) is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body (23), a group of concave chambers (25) are provided on a side of the disc-shaped body (23) along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole (26) is provided in the concave chamber (25) on one side close to the center of the disc-shaped body (26).

9. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 8, characterized in that: The permanent magnet II (17) comprises a second disc-shaped body (27), a second through hole (28) is provided at the center of the second disc-shaped body (27), a group of second concave chambers (29) are provided along the circumferential direction on the side of the second disc-shaped body (27), a second through hole (30) is provided in the second concave chamber (29) on the side away from the center of the second disc-shaped body (27), and the second concave chamber (29) corresponds to the first concave chamber (25) one by one.

10. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working cylinder (3) is provided with an external thread on the outside for installing the movable coil.

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