Hydrogen storage device, railway vehicle and hydrogen storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen storage device, a railway vehicle and a hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen storage device comprises a mounting frame, a plurality of hydrogen storage units are formed in the mounting frame, and each hydrogen storage unit comprises a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, a first mounting seat used for being matched with one end of a hydrogen storage bottle in the length direction and a second mounting seat used for being matched with the other end of the hydrogen storage bottle in the length direction. The first mounting base is mounted at the lower end of the mounting frame through a first mounting plate, the second mounting base is mounted at the upper end of the mounting frame through a second mounting plate, and containing cavities are formed in the first mounting base and the second mounting base correspondingly. And hoops capable of reducing the aperture size of the accommodating cavities in the end parts are arranged at the end parts of the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat, and are arranged far away from the first mounting plate or the second mounting plate. The hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage bottle can be increased, more hydrogen storage bottles can be effectively arranged under the hydrogen storage space condition, and then the volume utilization rate of a hydrogen storage system is increased by 15%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a hydrogen storage device, a rail vehicle and a hydrogen storage system. Background Art

[0002] The amount of hydrogen stored on board determines the amount of power generated, which in turn becomes a key factor restricting the improvement of the cruising range of hydrogen-powered locomotives. Currently, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is the mainstream direction in the field of rail transit.

[0003] In actual application, it is found that the hydrogen storage bottles in conventional hydrogen storage devices are usually arranged horizontally on the top of rail transit vehicles or in spaces such as mechanical rooms. The horizontal placement of hydrogen storage bottles has advantages such as strong stability and mature application. However, it requires a larger storage space. Given the spatial conditions of rail transit vehicles, the length of the horizontally placed hydrogen storage bottles is limited by the vehicle, and its space utilization is severely restricted. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen storage device, a rail vehicle and a hydrogen storage system to solve the problem of limited space utilization.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a hydrogen storage device, including a mounting frame, a plurality of hydrogen storage units are formed in the mounting frame, the hydrogen storage units include a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, a first mounting seat adapted to one end of the length direction of the hydrogen storage bottle, and a second mounting seat adapted to the other end of the length direction of the hydrogen storage bottle, the first mounting seat is mounted on the lower end of the mounting frame through the first mounting plate, the second mounting seat is mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame through the second mounting plate, the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are both provided with cavities, and the ends of the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are provided with clamps that can reduce the caliber size of the cavities at the ends, and the clamps are arranged away from the first mounting plate or the second mounting plate.

[0006] In the above scheme, by designing a device that can vertically install hydrogen storage bottles, the internal space of the rail vehicle can be rationally utilized, and the hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage bottle can be increased. Under the conditions of hydrogen storage space, more hydrogen storage bottles can be effectively arranged, thereby increasing the volume utilization rate of the hydrogen storage system by 15%.

[0007] Preferably, the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat both include a bowl, the clamp is arranged at the mouth of the bowl, the bottom of the bowl is connected to a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is connected to the first mounting plate or the second mounting plate at a corresponding position.

[0008] Preferably, the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat further include a plurality of side supporting ribs and a plurality of reinforcing ribs, the plurality of side supporting ribs are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the bowl, and the plurality of reinforcing ribs are respectively connected to the side supporting ribs and the bottom plate.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting frame is formed with a vertical columns and b horizontal columns of hydrogen storage units, b>a, and the top and bottom of the mounting frame are provided with c mounting beams, c=a+1, and d first mounting plates or d second mounting plates are connected between two adjacent mounting beams, d=m.

[0010] Preferably, a cover is provided on the top of the mounting frame, and hanging ears are provided around the periphery of the cover.

[0011] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles and the above-mentioned hydrogen storage device, wherein the plurality of hydrogen storage bottles are installed one-to-one in a plurality of hydrogen storage units, the mounting frame is connected to the vehicle body, and the plurality of hydrogen storage bottles are connected to form a hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with e hydrogen filling ports, the number of the hydrogen storage bottles is f, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with a main controller and g slave controllers, e=g=f / 2.

[0013] The present invention also provides a hydrogen storage system, comprising a hydrogen storage module for storing hydrogen, a hydrogenation module for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply module for ensuring that the pressure of the hydrogenation module is within a set range by means of decompression, an emission module for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module, and a control module, wherein the hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module are connected via pipelines, and the control module is electrically connected to the hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen storage module is a hydrogen storage bottle, which is provided with a combined bottle valve and a pressure sensor; the hydrogenation module includes a hydrogenation port and a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and a filter connected in sequence from the hydrogenation port to the hydrogen storage module; the hydrogen supply module includes a pressure reducing valve connected to the pipeline.

[0015] Compared with the related art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By designing a device that can vertically install hydrogen storage bottles, the internal space of the rail vehicle can be reasonably utilized, and the hydrogen storage capacity of a single hydrogen storage bottle can be increased. Under the conditions of hydrogen storage space, more hydrogen storage bottles can be effectively arranged, thereby increasing the volume utilization rate of the hydrogen storage system by 15%; Second, the hydrogen storage device adopts a bowl shape that matches the hydrogen storage bottle, and side support ribs and reinforcing ribs are respectively set on the outer surface and bottom of the bowl to improve the installation strength. Through simulation tests, it meets the impact vibration standard requirements of rail vehicles, can effectively fix the hydrogen storage device on the rail vehicle, and can solve the installation problems caused by the longitudinal tolerance of the hydrogen storage bottle. This fixing scheme can effectively improve the convenience of rail transit application inspection and maintenance; 3. The hydrogen storage system is divided into functions such as hydrogen storage, hydrogen refueling, hydrogen supply, emission, and control. The functional matching between multiple bottle groups, multiple module fuel cells, and multiple hydrogen refueling ports is achieved through pipeline processes and control principles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A front view structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left schematic diagram of Figure 3 for Figure 1 A top view schematic diagram of Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the parts used to install the hydrogen storage bottle; Figure 5 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the first mounting seat; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram from top view; Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a first mounting plate; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural block diagram of the hydrogen storage system provided by the present invention.

[0017] In the attached drawings: 1. mounting frame; 11. mounting beam; 12. vertical beam; 13. end beam; 2. hydrogen storage unit; 21. first mounting plate; 211. through hole; 212. mounting hole; 22. second mounting plate; 23. first mounting seat; 231. bowl; 232. cavity; 233. side support ribs; 234. reinforcing ribs; 235. hoop; 2351. hoop belt; 2352. fastening bolt; 2353. locking edge; 236. bottom plate; 3. skin; 4. lifting ear; 5. hydrogen storage bottle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0019] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a hydrogen storage device provided in this embodiment includes a mounting frame 1, a hydrogen storage unit 2, a skin 3 and a lifting lug 4.

[0020] The mounting frame 1 is a rectangular frame, with c mounting beams 11 at the bottom and c mounting beams 11 at the top. The two ends of the mounting beams 11 are connected by end beams 13, and the side walls of the mounting frame 1 are connected by multiple vertical beams 12.

[0021] The mounting frame 1 is formed with a vertical rows and b horizontal rows of hydrogen storage units 2, b>a, c=a+1. Figure 4 As shown, the hydrogen storage unit 2 includes a first mounting plate 21, a second mounting plate 22, a first mounting seat 23 and a second mounting seat 24. Figure 7 As shown, the first mounting plate 21 and the second mounting plate 22 have the same structure, a through hole 211 is provided in the middle, and four groups of mounting holes 212 are provided around them, with two holes in each group.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, the first mounting plate 21 is connected at the bottom of the mounting frame 1, and the second mounting plate 22 is connected at the top of the mounting frame 1. D first mounting plates or d second mounting plates are connected between two adjacent mounting beams 11, where d=m. In this embodiment, d=m=6, a=3, and c=4.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the first mounting seat 23 is mounted on the lower end of the mounting frame 1 through the first mounting plate 21, and the second mounting seat 24 is mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame 1 through the second mounting plate 22. The first mounting seat 23 and the second mounting seat 24 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged up and down. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the first mounting seat 23 and the second mounting seat 24 each include a bowl 231, a cavity 232, a side support rib 233, a reinforcing rib 234 and a hoop 235. The shape of the bowl 231 is adapted to the end of the hydrogen storage bottle 5, and the cavity 232 is formed inside the bowl 231. The hoop 235 is arranged at the mouth of the bowl 231, and a bottom plate 236 is arranged at the bottom of the bowl 231.

[0024] The clamp 235 includes a band 2351 and a fastening bolt 2352. The band 2351 is wound around the mouth of the bowl 231, and the two ends of the band 2351 are provided with locking edges 2353. The two locking edges 2353 are connected by the fastening bolts 2352 after being butted. In a relaxed state, the distance between the two locking edges 2353 is the largest, and the size of the cavity at the mouth of the bowl is the largest. When the end of the hydrogen storage bottle 5 is placed in the bowl 231, the fastening bolt 2352 is screwed to reduce the distance between the two locking edges 2353, and the size of the cavity at the mouth of the bowl becomes smaller. The band 2351 at the mouth of the bowl forms a clamping force on the hydrogen storage bottle 5, and the end of the hydrogen storage bottle 5 is accommodated in the cavity. This fixing structure enables the vertically arranged hydrogen storage bottle 5 to better adapt to the vibration during the travel of the rail vehicle.

[0025] In addition, in order to enhance the structural stability of the bowl 231, a plurality of the side support ribs 233 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the bowl 231 in a circumferential manner. The number of the side support ribs 233 is four, extending from the bottom of the bowl 231 to the mouth of the bowl, and attached to the outer surface of the bowl 231. The number of the reinforcing ribs 234 is equal to the number of the side support ribs 233. The reinforcing ribs 234 are connected between the side support ribs 233 and the bottom plate 236. The bottom plate 236 is provided with a mounting hole, which is aligned with the mounting hole 212 on the first mounting plate 21 or the second mounting plate 22 at the corresponding position and then connected by bolts. The valve on the hydrogen storage bottle 5 passes through the through hole 211 (such as Figure 1 as shown).

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, a cover 3 is provided on the top of the mounting frame 1 , and hanging ears 4 are provided around the periphery of the cover 3 .

[0027] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 5 and the above-mentioned hydrogen storage device, wherein the plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 5 are installed one-to-one in a plurality of hydrogen storage units 2, the mounting frame 1 is connected to the vehicle body, and the plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 5 are connected to form a hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0028] Rail vehicles mainly include locomotives, EMUs, urban rails and engineering vehicles, and the hydrogen storage system is mainly arranged on the roof or in the machinery room. The spatial dimensions of the roof hydrogen storage module are: less than 800mm in height, with plenty in length, and usually only horizontal arrangement is adopted. The height direction of the machinery room is less than 2900mm, and the width direction is less than 2000mm. In order to improve the space utilization rate of the system, the longest dimension space should be fully utilized. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for the layout of the machinery room, and the size of the hydrogen storage bottle 5 is optimized as follows: the length is greater than 2400mm, the outer diameter is greater than 550mm, and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than or equal to 420L.

[0029] After installation, the hydrogen storage bottle 5 is limited in its horizontal displacement by the clamp 235. In addition, in order to disperse the longitudinal stress of the hydrogen storage bottle 5, the stress is dispersed to the mounting frame 1 through the side support ribs 233, the reinforcing ribs 234 and the bottom plate 236. The bottom plate 236 is arranged in a diamond shape to better set the mounting holes. In order to avoid installation problems caused by the longitudinal tolerance of the hydrogen storage bottle 5, the side support ribs 233 have a certain elasticity, and the above problems are avoided by using the upper and lower clamps 235 in combination. The hydrogen storage unit 2 enables each hydrogen storage bottle 5 to have an independent installation structure, which can effectively improve the convenience of inspection and maintenance of rail transit applications.

[0030] During installation, first install the first mounting seat 23 and the second mounting seat 24 at the corresponding positions of the mounting frame 1, and then install them according to the position of the hydrogen storage unit 2. Loosen the fastening bolts 2352, place the two ends of the hydrogen storage bottle 5 in the first mounting seat 23 and the second mounting seat 24 respectively, and then fasten the clamps 235 thereon respectively. Then, hoist the hydrogen storage device to the vehicle body (such as the machine room) through the lifting ears 4, and fix it to the corresponding mounting seat on the vehicle body through the bolts set at the bottom of the mounting frame 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage device is equipped with 18 35MPa Type III rail transit vertical hydrogen storage bottles 5, the length of the hydrogen storage bottle 5 is 2450mm (excluding valves), the diameter is 580mm, the volume of a single hydrogen storage bottle is 450L, the hydrogen storage capacity is 10.8kg, and the total hydrogen storage capacity is 195kg. The overall dimensions of the hydrogen storage device are 3850 (length) × 2000 (width) × 2850 (height) mm.

[0032] The 18 hydrogen storage bottles are connected to form a hydrogen supply pipeline to supply hydrogen to the 4 fuel cells, and a total of 2 hydrogen filling ports are used to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage system. The 18 hydrogen storage bottles are divided into 2 groups, and the discharge pipelines of the head and tail valves of the 9 hydrogen storage bottles 5 are connected in series and discharged through the 2 discharge ports. The bottle mouth of a single hydrogen storage bottle 5 is equipped with a combined bottle valve, and every 9 hydrogen storage bottles 5 share 1 controller, a control scheme of 1 main controller and 2 slave controllers is set, and a hydrogen leakage sensor (such as Figure 8 as shown).

[0033] Based on simulation analysis, the hydrogen storage device can meet the requirements of rail transit application scenarios and cover the entire process of the vertical hydrogen storage bottle 5 from opening to application.

[0034] like Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a hydrogen storage system, including five parts: a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogenation module, a hydrogen supply module, an emission module, and a control module. The hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module are connected through pipelines, and the control module is electrically connected to the hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module includes a plastic liner carbon fiber fully wrapped hydrogen storage bottle and a combined bottle valve thereon. A high-pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline to detect the hydrogen pressure, and the hydrogen storage module is used to store the hydrogen required for the fuel cell.

[0035] Taking 18 hydrogen storage bottles as an example, the hydrogenation module includes a filling port and a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and a filter connected from the hydrogenation port to the hydrogen storage module in sequence. The hydrogenation module is used for hydrogen filling and pressure monitoring. The entire hydrogen storage system is equipped with two hydrogenation ports, which are symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the shunting locomotive.

[0036] The hydrogen supply module uses an independent pressure reducing valve to ensure the hydrogen supply flow that meets the needs of the fuel cell stack. A total of 4 branches are set up to supply stable hydrogen to 4 sets of hydrogen fuel cell power batteries. The emission module adopts a 2-way parallel scheme, with 9 hydrogen storage bottles in 1 group, which can be quickly exhausted in emergency situations. The control module adopts a multi-controller master-slave control scheme, and its main function is to monitor the leakage of hydrogen. When the concentration at the monitoring point reaches the preset alarm value, it will issue a warning signal and control and drive the solenoid valve.

[0037] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device, comprising a mounting frame, wherein a plurality of hydrogen storage units are formed in the mounting frame, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage unit includes a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, a first mounting seat adapted to one end of the hydrogen storage bottle in the length direction, and a second mounting seat adapted to the other end of the hydrogen storage bottle in the length direction. The first mounting seat is mounted on the lower end of the mounting frame through the first mounting plate, and the second mounting seat is mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame through the second mounting plate. The first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are both provided with cavities, and the ends of the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are provided with clamps that can reduce the caliber size of the cavities at the ends, and the clamps are arranged away from the first mounting plate or the second mounting plate.

2. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mounting seat and the second mounting seat both include a bowl, the clamp is arranged at the mouth of the bowl, the bottom of the bowl is connected to a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is connected to the first mounting plate or the second mounting plate at a corresponding position.

3. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first mounting seat and the second mounting seat further include a plurality of side support ribs and a plurality of reinforcing ribs. The plurality of side support ribs are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the bowl. The plurality of reinforcing ribs are respectively connected to the side support ribs and the bottom plate.

4. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame is provided with a vertical columns and b horizontal columns of hydrogen storage units, b>a. The top and bottom of the mounting frame are provided with c mounting beams, c=a+1. Two adjacent mounting beams are connected with d first mounting plates or d second mounting plates, d=m.

5. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover is provided on the top of the mounting frame, and hanging ears are provided around the periphery of the cover.

6. A rail vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles, characterized in that: It also includes the hydrogen storage device as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein a plurality of the hydrogen storage bottles are installed one-to-one in a plurality of hydrogen storage units, the mounting frame is connected to the vehicle body, and the plurality of the hydrogen storage bottles are connected to form a hydrogen supply pipeline.

7. The rail vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that The hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with e hydrogen filling ports, the number of the hydrogen storage bottles is f, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with a main controller and g slave controllers, e=g=f / 2.

8. A hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen storage module for storing hydrogen, a hydrogenation module for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply module that uses a decompression method to ensure that the pressure of the hydrogenation module is within a set range, an emission module and a control module for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module are connected through pipelines, and the control module is electrically connected to the hydrogenation module, the hydrogen supply module, the emission module and the hydrogen storage module.

9. The hydrogen storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage module is a hydrogen storage bottle, which is provided with a combined bottle valve and a pressure sensor; the hydrogenation module includes a hydrogenation port and a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and a filter connected in sequence from the hydrogenation port to the hydrogen storage module; the hydrogen supply module includes a pressure reducing valve connected to the pipeline.

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