Device for contactless three-dimensional inspection of mechanical components having toothings

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the contactless three-dimensional inspection of a circular mechanical component having a toothing, said circular mechanical component having a main axis of rotation, comprising: scanning means for scanning the toothing, comprising at least one first pair of laser measurement modules (12A, 12B), and means for rotationally driving the circular mechanical assembly about the main axis of rotation relative to the laser measurement module; means for reconstructing a virtual three-dimensional representation of the circular mechanical assembly by using data from the scanned means; a component that is dimensionally inspected using the three-dimensional representation; each pair of modules comprises a first module oriented towards a first face (FA) of the tooth and a second module oriented towards a second face (FB) of the tooth; the module is oriented relative to the circular mechanical assembly such that during rotation of the circular mechanical assembly, the scanning member scans the first and second faces of each tooth over its entire thickness and depth.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese application with application number 201680068888.X, application date November 2, 2016, and title “Device for non-contact three-dimensional inspection of mechanical components with gearing”. Technical Field

[0002] The field of the invention is the dimensional measurement of mechanical components having toothing.

[0003] More specifically, the invention relates to a device for the contactless three-dimensional inspection of a mechanical component having a toothing, ie having a set of teeth, such as a gear, a toothed pinion or a toothed shaft.

[0004] In the following description, the term "mechanical component with toothing" is used to cover all elements and components that may form part of a gear arrangement or a gear arrangement system, a pinion transmission, a rack and pinion transmission, etc. The term "gear toothing" is understood to mean the toothed part of the mechanical component in question. Background Art

[0005] Mechanical components with toothing, which usually form a gear system, are widely used in motion transmission mechanisms in the fields of aviation, automobiles and watchmaking, for example. The size or shape of these mechanical components must be manufactured with high precision, and these mechanical components should have a constant and suitable quality.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a dimensional check or control of each of these components in order to determine that these components do meet the necessary manufacturing tolerance values. This check is usually performed on the production line and involves a certain number of dimensional characteristics, namely: the shape and / or size of the gearing system, the spacing of each gearing, the orientation of the gearing system relative to the main axis of the component, etc.

[0007] The conventional solution is to inspect these components as they come off the production line, either manually or by using automatic dimensional inspection machines such as mechanical sensing machines. These sensing machines are used to acquire the size and shape of the components and then inspect them.

[0008] However, in certain industrial fields, in particular in the aeronautical and automotive fields where certain defects are still difficult to identify with the naked eye, visual inspection of components can neither meet the high productivity requirements nor the quality requirements.

[0009] Mechanical sensing solutions also require a discontinuous inspection process that requires a relatively long inspection time. In addition, components with gearing often have complex shapes (e.g., gearing elements can have specific shapes and be tilted relative to the axis of a specific component), which requires the use of separate machines to achieve inspection of all dimensional characteristics of these components, which is not an optimal approach. In addition, today's non-contact inspection systems cannot be used to achieve the accuracy and rate (speed) indicated in the manufacturing field.

[0010] It is therefore desirable to provide an automatic inspection machine capable of carrying out precise, reproducible and high-speed verification of all dimensional characteristics of mechanical assemblies having toothings. Summary of the invention

[0011] Invention goal

[0012] In at least one embodiment, the present invention is directed, among other things, to overcoming the various deficiencies of these prior art sizing and inspection techniques.

[0013] More specifically, in at least one embodiment, the present invention is directed to providing an inspection device that can achieve non-contact, high-speed, complete, automatic, three-dimensional inspection of a mechanical component having a gear connection. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] A particular embodiment of the invention proposes a device for non-contact three-dimensional inspection of a circular mechanical component with a toothing, the component having a main axis of rotation, the teeth of the toothing having a defined thickness and a defined depth, each tooth having a first face and a second face. The device comprises: - means for scanning each of said teeth, said means for scanning comprising at least a first pair of laser measurement modules and means for driving said assembly in rotation about said main axis relative to said laser measurement modules or vice versa; - means for creating a virtual three-dimensional representation of said component using data from said scanning means; - a component for dimensional inspection using said reconstructed three-dimensional virtual representation; - each pair of laser measurement modules comprises a first module oriented towards a first face of the toothing and a second module oriented towards a second face of the toothing; The laser measurement module is oriented relative to the assembly so that during rotation of the module or the assembly about the main axis, the scanning member scans the first and second faces of each tooth throughout its thickness and depth.

[0016] Thus, by cleverly arranging at least one pair of laser measurement modules, the three-dimensional inspection device according to the present invention can be used to perform a complete and accurate, automatic and contactless scanning of the toothing of the mechanical component to be inspected. The measurement points derived from the scanning means can then be used to perform an overall inspection of the dimensional characteristics of the component.

[0017] Unlike existing solutions, the device according to the invention can be used to determine a large number of measurement points of a component in three dimensions over its entire surface within a few seconds. Depending on the laser technology embedded in the measuring module and the associated inspection method and three-dimensional representation creation method, it is possible to inspect the component at very high speed (within about one to five seconds).

[0018] According to one particular characteristic, each laser measurement module comprises a laser beam emission source oriented relative to the main rotation axis and relative to a radial axis of said assembly, and a laser beam receiver oriented to pick up the laser beam coming from said assembly.

[0019] One condition for the orientation of the module is that the orientation axis of the laser beam of the module may be inclined relative to the radial axis and the main axis of rotation, but should not be orthogonal to the main axis of rotation.

[0020] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the laser beam is oriented at a first angle ranging from 10 to 45 degrees relative to the main rotation axis and at a second angle ranging from 10 to 45 degrees relative to the radial axis.

[0021] According to one particular characteristic, the scanning means comprise means for driving the mechanical assembly in translation along the main axis relative to the laser measurement module, or vice versa.

[0022] Therefore, when the thickness of the tooth system of a mechanical component such as a gear is such that the size of the laser beam of the scanning component is sufficient to only partially scan the thickness of the gearing, the component can be moved translationally along the main axis relative to the measuring module or vice versa to ensure a complete scan over the entire thickness of the gearing.

[0023] The device according to this configuration can realize simultaneous or sequential rotational and translational movement of the component relative to the laser measurement module or vice versa.

[0024] According to a particular configuration, the circular mechanical component with teeth is arranged along a main axis and comprises a shaft with teeth with a plurality of teeth placed one after another along a main rotation axis, so that the scanning component includes a component for driving the mechanical component for translation along the main axis relative to the laser measurement module or vice versa.

[0025] The drive means enable scanning of the first and second faces of each toothing over its entire thickness and depth and for each toothing. This configuration enables sequential scanning of different toothings present at different levels of the assembly (e.g. as in the case of a shaft with multiple toothing groups).

[0026] This configuration further enables the remaining portion of the assembly without toothing to be scanned over its entire rim (during rotation) and height (during translation) in order to determine in particular the position of the main axis of rotation of the assembly.

[0027] According to one alternative, the circular mechanical assembly with toothing is a toothing shaft arranged along a main axis and comprising a plurality of toothings placed one after another along the main axis, so that the scanning member comprises at least one second pair of laser measurement modules, each laser measurement module being placed at the level of each toothing in the plurality so as to enable scanning of the first and second faces of each toothing over its entire thickness and depth and for each toothing.

[0028] This configuration enables all toothings placed on different levels along the main axis of the assembly to be scanned simultaneously (as is the case for example with a shaft having multiple toothings), thus reducing the time spent on assembly inspection.

[0029] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the scanning member further comprises at least a third pair of laser measurement modules oriented relative to the component so that during rotation of the modules or the component around the main axis and during translation of the modules or the component relative to the main axis, the scanning member further scans the axis over its entire rim and height.

[0030] This enables the position of the main axis of rotation of the component to be determined accurately.

[0031] According to another particular aspect of the invention, the circular mechanical component with toothing comprises a circular hole having as its axis the main axis of rotation of the component, and the scanning member further comprises at least one additional laser measurement module oriented relative to the component so that during the rotation of the module or the component about the main axis, the scanning member scans the hole over its entire surface.

[0032] This therefore enables the inspection of other necessary parts of a mechanical component with toothing by simply adding a laser measurement module. In particular it is possible to determine the exact position of the main axis of the component to be inspected. For example, the hole can be a through hole or a blind hole with a smooth or non-smooth surface or a tapping surface with grooves.

[0033] According to a particular characteristic, a circular mechanical component with toothing belongs to the group comprising: - components with straight toothing; - components with helical toothing; -Components with herringbone gearing.

[0034] This list is not exhaustive.

[0035] According to a particularly advantageous aspect of the invention, the measuring module is provided with a linear laser emission source.

[0036] A line laser may be used to obtain a scan field sufficient to cover the entire depth of the teeth of the component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description given by way of indicative and non-exhaustive examples and from the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] - Figure 1 is a perspective view or a three-quarter side view of a set of measurement modules of a three-dimensional inspection device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the inspection device performs a scan on the surface of a gear;

[0039] - Figures 2A to 2F It shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of different stages of a laser scanning process of a gear as described in the context of an embodiment;

[0040] - Figure 3 Presents a schematic structure of a three-dimensional inspection device in schematic block form according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] - Figure 4 is a perspective view or a three-quarter side view of a three-dimensional inspection device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the inspection device performing a scan on the surface of a shaft having a plurality of toothings;

[0042] - Figures 5A to 5C express Figure 4 Partial and detailed views of the inspection device described in;

[0043] - Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a specific orientation of a laser beam of a measurement module for scanning a toothed object surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In all figures of this invention document, the same elements and steps are marked by the same reference numerals.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 , 2A2D to 2D, the structure and operation of a non-contact three-dimensional inspection device 10 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is described, which is suitable for inspecting a circular mechanical component with a toothing in the form of a gear (or pinion) 20.

[0046] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment illustrated in the figure, the inspection device 10 comprises an object support 11 mounted in a rotationally movable manner relative to a frame (not illustrated in the figure). The object support 11 holds a gear 20 to be inspected in the device. The object support 11 cooperates with a system for driving the object support in rotation, the unit forming a means for driving the gear according to the invention in rotation.

[0047] In general, the gear 20 has a main rotation axis Z and a radial axis X orthogonal to the axis Z. Each tooth of the gear 20 has a given thickness e along the main axis (corresponding to the section AB) and a given depth p along the radial axis (corresponding to the section AC). Each tooth also has two main faces F A and F B In this example, by way of example, the thickness of the gear 20 is 2.5 cm and its depth is 1 cm.

[0048] The gear 20 is an annular component with an external toothing and a through hole passing through along its main axis. This hole has, for example, a smooth or tapped inner wall.

[0049] exist Figure 1 In the present invention, the inspection device 10 implements four laser measurement modules dedicated to inspecting the toothing of the gear 20, namely: a first pair of laser measurement modules 12A to 12B dedicated to measuring the first surface of the toothing of the gear 20, and a second pair of laser measurement modules 13A to 13B dedicated to measuring the second surface of the toothing of the gear 20. More specifically, each pair of laser measurement modules (12A to 12B; 13A to 13B) consists of a first surface F facing the toothing of the gearing. A The first modules 12A and 13A are oriented toward the second face of the second toothing of the gearing. Thus, the first modules 12A and 13A are arranged clearly upward relative to the gear 20, and the second modules 12B and 13B are arranged clearly downward relative to this gear 20.

[0050] For a given pair of measuring modules, the two measuring modules of the given pair are arranged so as to measure the same tooth of the toothed object or two different teeth of the toothed object, such as Figure 1 Each laser measurement module of the two pairs of modules represented here is fixedly attached to the frame by means of supports (not shown) which can be configured or modulated according to the component to be inspected and its dimensional characteristics. This makes it possible to orient each measurement module appropriately according to the face of its associated toothing and the dimensions of the gear 20.

[0051] In the example described herein, the laser measurement modules 12A, 12B, 13A and 13B are fixed and the object support 11 is movable in rotation about the main axis Z of the gear 20. Naturally, alternative embodiments can be envisaged in which the object support 11 is fixed and the frame to which the modules are fixedly attached is movable in rotation about the main axis Z of the gear 20.

[0052] The laser measurement module group described herein constitutes the laser scanning means of the device according to the invention. The laser scanning means and means for processing the measurement results obtained by the scanning means (the principle of which is further described below with reference to Figure 3 to reconstruct the three-dimensional surface of the gear and perform dimensional inspection of the gear.

[0053] According to the invention, the laser measurement modules 12A, 12B, 13A and 13B are oriented relative to the gear 20 so that, during the rotation of the gear 20 about its main axis Z, the scanning means scan the first main face F of each tooth of the gear over the entire thickness e and depth p of the gear. A and the second main surface F B .

[0054] Figures 2A to 2F The different stages of the laser scanning process for scanning the gear 20 are represented for a given laser measurement module, such as the module 12B. For reasons of readability of the drawing, only the laser beam emitted by the measurement module is illustrated here.

[0055] In this example, the measuring module 12B is a laser measuring module operating according to the principle of laser triangulation. In a known manner, this measuring module is able to measure distances by angular calculation. It also covers a wide range of measurements and has a high resolution. Of course, known techniques other than laser triangulation can be used without departing from the framework of the invention. The measuring module 12B comprises a laser emission source 121, for example, which projects a planar laser beam 16 onto one face of the toothed object to be scanned (here the main face F). B ) and a laser receiver 122 , for example a CCD (charge coupled device) type sensor or a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) type sensor. The laser emission source and the corresponding laser receiver are located on the same face of the measuring module, which is oriented towards the gear 20 .

[0056] The other measurement modules 12A, 13A and 13B are preferably identical. In general, to maximize the laser scanning quality, the measurement modules in each pair must have the same technology.

[0057] When the object support 11 (and therefore the gear 20) rotates, the laser beam emitted by the source is directed onto the surface F of the gear 20. BThe laser beam is reflected on the gear 20, for which it is desirable to know the position of the laser beam or the distance from the laser source (i.e. relative to the measurement module 12B). The laser receiver 122 is directed to pick up the laser beam from the gear 20. The reflected laser beam arrives at the receiver 122 at an angle that depends on the distance. The position of the reflected laser beam on the receiver 122 and the distance between the source and the receiver of the measurement module 12B can be used to infer information about the distance of each measurement point acquired.

[0058] The laser beam 16 and the surface F of the tooth B The intersection between the two forms a scanning laser line 18, which is on the scanned surface F when the gear 20 rotates about its main axis. B Move up, such as Figures 2A to 2F As described in .

[0059] More specifically, according to the invention, the measuring module 12B is arranged so that the emission source 121 is oriented relative to the main rotation axis Z on the one hand and relative to the radial axis X of the gear 20 on the other hand, so that the laser line 18 covers the entire depth p of the toothing system (i.e. from the head to the bottom of each tooth) and therefore scans the entire thickness e of the toothing when the gear 20 rotates.

[0060] In other words, the measuring module 12B is arranged relative to the gear 20 so that the laser line 18 covers the entire depth of the toothing, and a thickness scan of the toothing can be obtained by rotating the gear 20 .

[0061] One condition related to the orientation of the module is that the orientation axis of the laser beam of the module may be inclined relative to the radial axis and the main rotation axis, but should not be orthogonal to the main rotation axis.

[0062] Figure 6 A specific example of the orientation of the laser beam of the measuring module 12B relative to the face of one tooth being scanned is illustrated. P denotes a plane containing the main axis Z and the radial axis X. Towards the second face F B The measuring module 12B is oriented so that the laser beam is tilted upwards at an angle θx ranging from 10 to 45 degrees (e.g. 30 degrees) relative to the radial axis X and at an angle θz ranging from 10 to 45 degrees (e.g. 20 degrees) relative to the main rotation axis Z. The angles θx and θz depend in particular on the inclination angle α (or helix angle) of the toothing of the gearing. For example, for a pinion-type part, the inclination angle α typically varies in the range of 15 to 30 degrees.

[0063] The same principle applies to the first module 12A of the pair of measuring modules 12A and 12B, the laser beam of which must be tilted downward at an angle θx relative to the radial axis X to face the corresponding tooth surface F. A .

[0064] Finally, in order to scan the gear 20 in general (and not only at the level of the toothing system of the assembly), the scanning means comprise a fifth laser measurement module 14, different from the two pairs of modules 12A-12B and 13A-13B, which is placed significantly upwards relative to the gear 20 so as to be able to carry out a laser scan at the upper surface of the gear 20, and more particularly at the through-holes. The measurement results derived from this measurement module 14 make it possible in particular to measure the main axis of rotation of the gear 20 and to check the dimensions of the through-holes. The operation of the measurement module 14 is identical to that described further above for the other measurement modules.

[0065] It must be noted that if the thickness of the toothing of the gear to be inspected is such that the size of the laser beam of the scanning means is such that it is only possible to partially scan the thickness of the toothing during a rotation, it is also possible to envisage that the scanning means are provided with means for translating the drive gear 20 relative to the laser measurement module along the main axis Z (or vice versa) in order to carry out a complete scan of the entire thickness of the toothing. It is thus possible to provide a simultaneous or sequential rotational and translational movement (or vice versa) of the assembly relative to the laser measurement module.

[0066] The number of pairs of measuring modules is not limited to the examples described here above. A larger number (i.e. a number greater than 2) or a smaller number (i.e. a number less than 2) can be envisaged without departing from the framework of the invention, depending in particular on the complexity of the shape of the mechanical component, the desired number of measuring points and / or the desired processing time, and / or other parameters that a person skilled in the art would consider appropriate for consideration.

[0067] Figure 3 The general characteristics of the three-dimensional inspection device 100 in the form of functional blocks according to one specific embodiment of the invention are now presented.

[0068] The inspection device 100 comprises scanning means 110 for scanning each tooth of the toothing of the component to be inspected. These scanning means are provided as described above with reference to Figure 1 , 2A The laser measurement module and drive components are further described in 2F.

[0069] The inspection device 100 includes a member 120 for establishing a virtual three-dimensional representation of a component using the data (or measurement points) derived from the scanning member 110. For this purpose, the inspection device 100 implements a software program for processing a large number of points and a virtual three-dimensional representation of the component to be inspected. The data from the modules are in the form of a large number of points with coordinates defined in three-dimensional space. The time required to read the points is relatively short (depending on the number of measurement modules, between 10 and 30 million points can be acquired in a time interval of one to five seconds). Generally speaking, a single 360-degree rotation of the component (at the height at which the component needs to be measured) is sufficient to acquire all the measurement points required for three-dimensional reconstruction and dimensional inspection of the component.

[0070] The inspection device 100 comprises means for carrying out a dimensional inspection of the component according to the virtual three-dimensional representation obtained by the creation means 120. The inspection means 130 are configured to deliver 140 a piece of information representative of at least one quantity of the dimensions of the mechanical component or acceptance or rejection of the component subjected to inspection, according to the inspection result (compliance or noncompliance with indicated dimensions and / or geometrical arrangement tolerance values, etc.) carried out by the inspection means 130.

[0071] This inspection device can be easily integrated into a production line.

[0072] Reference now Figure 4 , 5A 5C , the structure and operation of a non-contact three-dimensional inspection device 1 is presented, which is suitable for inspecting a circular mechanical part with a toothing system in the form of a shaft 5 with a plurality of toothings.

[0073] The inspection device 1 comprises two vertical arms 6A and 6B in the form of tips which hold the shaft 5 with toothing at each of its ends along its main axis of rotation. The arm 6B cooperates with a double rotational and translational drive system which enables the shaft 5 with toothing to rotate and / or translate relative to the frame 7 to which it is fixed. The arm 6A cooperates with a simple system for translational drive (translation of the guide shaft along its main axis). These elements form means for rotational and translational drive of the device according to the invention.

[0074] The shaft 5 with toothing has here three toothings 50, 51 and 52 placed on different levels of the shaft along the main rotation axis Z. The radial axis of the toothing 50 is indicated as X for example and is orthogonal to Z. Each toothing system may be of different type (helical toothing, linear toothing, herringbone toothing, etc.) and may have different sizes.

[0075] In the following description, a device for carrying out an inspection of the helical toothing 50 of the shaft 5 will be described first.

[0076] The inspection device 1 according to the invention implements four laser measurement modules for inspecting the toothing 50 of the shaft 5, namely: a first pair of laser measurement modules 2A-2B dedicated to measuring the first surface of the toothing of the toothing 50, and a second pair of laser measurement modules 3A-3B dedicated to measuring the second surface of the toothing of the toothing 50. More specifically, according to the above reference gear ( Figure 1 , 2A 2F), each pair of laser measuring modules (2A to 2B; 3A to 3B) is composed of a first face F of the toothed object facing the toothed object. A Thus, according to the invention, the laser measuring modules 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B are oriented relative to the toothing 50 so that, during the rotation of the shaft 5 about its main axis Z, the scanning means scan the first main face F of each toothing of the toothing 50 over the entire thickness and depth. A and the second main surface F B of the scan.

[0077] In addition to the rotary drive means, means for driving the toothing shaft 5 in translation are provided in the inspection device 1 so as to enable the shaft to be guided along its main axis Z during rotation or not during rotation of the toothing shaft 5 (the translational movement of the shaft can be carried out simultaneously or not with the rotational movement). This firstly enables a full scan of the entire thickness of the toothing to be carried out when the thickness of this toothing is such that the size of the laser beam of the measuring module does not cover the entire thickness of the toothing. Secondly, the translational drive means can be activated to shift the assembly along the main axis so as to enable the scanning and acquisition of measurement points of the other toothings 51 and 52 of the shaft (this has the effect of scanning the first and second main faces of each toothing over its entire thickness and depth and this scanning is carried out for each toothing) and, as the case may be, of other parts of the assembly, in order to carry out a complete inspection of the toothing shaft 5. It must be noted that in order to carry out the sequential scanning of the toothings 50, 51 and 52 using the same pair of measuring modules, the profile type and size must be significantly similar. This depends on the measurement field of the measurement modules used in the inspection device (a measurement field that can effectively vary from a few millimeters to a few centimeters, depending on the technology of the measurement modules). As the case may be, the orientation of the laser measurement modules 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B should be adapted to the type of toothing that the component has. A mechanical system of automatic module orientation can be envisaged, in order to adapt in real time to the shape and size of the mechanical component to be inspected.

[0078] This configuration enables sequential scanning of different parts of the shaft 5 including all the toothing.

[0079] As an alternative to this configuration, the scanning means may include at least one other pair of laser measurement modules (not shown in the figures) placed at the level of each toothing of the shaft so as to scan and acquire measurement points on the surface of each toothing of each toothing over its entire thickness and depth (the orientation of the modules can be configured in real time).

[0080] This configuration makes it possible to scan simultaneously all the toothings placed on different levels along the main axis of the shaft 6 with the toothings, thus reducing the inspection time of the assembly.

[0081] The device according to the invention thus enables an automatic, complete and contactless inspection of components which can have complex shapes, in particular several toothing levels, themselves with different toothing profiles, of different sizes (depth, thickness, diameter, etc.).

[0082] In addition, the scanning means may be configured to scan not only the toothing, but also the surface of the rest of the shaft 5, so as to be able to determine the position of the main axis of rotation of the assembly. In an alternative embodiment, this scanning operation is performed by additional measuring modules 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, which are arranged so as to be fixed relative to the frame 7 and perpendicular to the axis of the assembly. The surface of the rest of the shaft 5 is checked by activating the means that drive the shaft 5 in rotation relative to the measuring modules and the means that drive the shaft in translation, so as to scan the surface of the rest over its entire rim and over its entire height, respectively.

Claims

1. A device for non-contact three-dimensional inspection of a circular mechanical component (20) having a toothing, the component having a main axis of rotation (Z), the teeth of the toothing having a defined thickness and a defined depth, each tooth having a first face and a second face (F A 、F B ), the device comprises: - means for scanning the component, the means comprising * at least one first pair of laser measurement modules (12A, 12B) and means (11) for driving the assembly in rotation relative to the laser measurement modules about the main axis of the assembly or vice versa; * at least one laser measurement module (14) configured to measure the main axis of the component; - means for creating a virtual three-dimensional representation of said component using data from said scanning means; - a component for dimensional inspection using said reconstructed virtual three-dimensional representation; - Each pair of laser measurement modules comprises a first face (F A ) oriented first module (12A) and a second face (F) oriented toward the teeth B ) a second module (12B) for orientation; The laser measurement module is oriented relative to the assembly so that during rotation of the module or the assembly about the main axis, the scanning member scans the first and second faces of each tooth throughout its thickness and depth.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein each laser measurement module comprises a laser beam emitting source oriented relative to the main rotation axis and relative to a radial axis (X) of the assembly, and a laser beam receiver oriented to pick up the laser beam from the assembly.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the laser beam is oriented at a first angle ranging from 10 to 45 degrees relative to the primary rotation axis and at a second angle ranging from 10 to 45 degrees relative to the radial axis.

4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the scanning means comprises means for driving the mechanical assembly in translation along the principal axis relative to the laser measurement module or vice versa.

5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the circular mechanical component with a toothing is a shaft with a toothing arranged along the main axis and including a plurality of teeth placed one after another along the main rotation axis, and the scanning component includes a component for driving the mechanical component in translation along the main axis relative to the laser measurement module or vice versa.

6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the circular mechanical component with a toothing is a shaft with a toothing arranged along the main axis and comprising a plurality of toothings placed one after another along the main axis, and wherein the scanning member comprises at least one second pair of laser measurement modules, each laser measurement module being placed at the level of each toothing of the plurality of toothings so as to enable scanning of the first and second faces of each toothing over its entire thickness and depth and for each toothing.

7. A device according to claim 6, wherein the scanning member further comprises at least a third pair of laser measurement modules oriented relative to the component so that during rotation of the modules or the component around the main axis and during translation of the modules or the component relative to the main axis, the scanning member further scans the axis over its entire rim and height.

8. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the circular mechanical component with a toothing is a gear comprising a circular hole having the main rotation axis of the component as its axis, and wherein the at least one additional laser measurement module is oriented relative to the component so that during a rotation of the module or the component about the main axis, the scanning member scans the hole over its entire surface.

9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the circular mechanical component with toothing belongs to the group comprising a component with linear toothing, a component with spiral toothing, a component with herringbone toothing.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the measurement module is provided with a linear laser emission source.

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