Device and method for monitoring tempering of hydrogen gas turbine

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring tempering of a hydrogen gas turbine. The hydrogen gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber, fuel nozzle channels and fuel nozzles, and the device for monitoring tempering of the hydrogen gas turbine comprises thermocouple modules arranged on the inner walls of the fuel nozzle channels and used for obtaining temperature data representing the temperature in the fuel nozzle channels; the data processing module is used for receiving the temperature data of the thermocouple module for each fuel nozzle channel and processing the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data as a detection value of the temperature of the fuel nozzle channel; the backfire monitoring module is used for receiving the detection value of each fuel nozzle channel of the data processing module, determining the minimum value of the detection values of the multiple fuel nozzle channels, comparing each of the detection values of the multiple fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, and determining the backfire of the fuel nozzle channels based on the comparison result. And judging whether the hydrogen gas turbine is subjected to tempering or not, and determining a target fuel nozzle channel subjected to tempering under the condition of judging that the hydrogen gas turbine is subjected to tempering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] At present, traditional gas turbines that use natural gas as fuel are beginning to face carbon emission pressure. However, with the development of new low-carbon green energy equipment technology, the popularity of new gas turbines that can use hydrogen or other renewable gas fuels is gradually increasing. Hydrogen gas turbines can achieve safe, reliable, peak-adjustable and sustainable and stable clean thermal power generation, which is an important development direction for gas turbines.

[0003] Among them, for hydrogen-blended or pure hydrogen engines, compared with the use of traditional natural gas fuel, the addition of hydrogen will cause significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of the fuel, including: hydrogen will broaden the flammable range of traditional hydrocarbon fuels, accelerate the flame propagation speed of the fuel, increase the combustion speed in turbulent combustion of the fuel, and lower the minimum ignition energy and make it easier to spontaneously ignite. The most significant impact of these changes on hydrogen engines is that their combustion chambers are more prone to flashback. When flashback occurs in the combustion chamber, it will not only seriously damage the combustion chamber components, but also increase the emission of pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the flashback phenomenon of hydrogen engines and implement protective measures in a timely manner when flashback is determined to occur.

[0004] In the related art, in the scheme for monitoring and protecting hydrogen engine flashback, in addition to adopting a pneumatic design in the nozzle design stage of the hydrogen engine to prevent flashback to a certain extent, corresponding sensors are usually arranged on the combustion chamber to monitor the flashback, so as to realize flashback protection at the engine operation control level. Buzzer sensors are used to detect combustion behavior. However, operating data show that the buzzer signal cannot respond in time, especially if the hydrogen in the fuel is higher than 5% Vol. In the flashback monitoring and protection scheme in the above-mentioned related art, the method of flashback monitoring and protection is relatively single, and the sensitivity of flashback monitoring is insufficient, and it may not be possible to monitor the occurrence of flashback in time. In addition, since the arranged sensors are close to the combustion area, they are prone to damage, resulting in the inability to realize the functions of flashback monitoring and protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine, the hydrogen combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, a plurality of fuel nozzle channels and a plurality of fuel nozzles, the fuel nozzle channels corresponding to the fuel nozzles one by one, the fuel nozzles being connected to the combustion chamber through the corresponding fuel nozzle channels, characterized in that the device comprises: a thermocouple module, arranged on the inner wall of each of the fuel nozzle channels, acquiring temperature data representing the temperature in the fuel nozzle channels; a data processing module, configured to receive the temperature data from the thermocouple module for each of the fuel nozzle channels, and process the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data, the average value being used as a detection value of the temperature of the fuel nozzle channels; and a flashback monitoring module, configured to receive the detection value of each of the fuel nozzle channels from the data processing module, and determine a minimum value among the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels, compare each of the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, determine whether flashback occurs in the hydrogen combustion engine based on the comparison result, and determine a target fuel nozzle channel where flashback occurs if it is determined that flashback occurs in the hydrogen combustion engine.

[0007] In this way, the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine of the present invention can more accurately measure the temperature in the fuel nozzle passage, thereby determining whether flashback occurs in the hydrogen combustion engine.

[0008] Preferably, the thermocouple module includes a first thermocouple unit, a second thermocouple unit, and a third thermocouple unit, the first thermocouple unit is arranged at a first position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, the second thermocouple unit is arranged at a second position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, and the third thermocouple unit is arranged at a third position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, a first line connecting the first position and the second position passes through the center point of the circumference of the inner wall, and a second line connecting the third position and the center point is perpendicular to the first line.

[0009] In this way, the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine of the present invention can improve prediction accuracy by arranging three thermocouples on the inner wall of each nozzle channel.

[0010] Preferably, the data processing module receives the first temperature data obtained from the first thermocouple unit, the second temperature data obtained from the second thermocouple unit, and the third temperature data obtained from the third thermocouple unit, and compares each two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain multiple differences, and based on the multiple differences, discards the one with the largest difference among the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and calculates an average value for the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and uses the average value as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located.

[0011] In this way, the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine of the present invention can improve prediction accuracy by calculating the average value of temperature data of three thermocouples arranged on the inner wall of each nozzle channel.

[0012] Preferably, the backfire monitoring module calculates the deviation value between each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value. If at least one of the deviation values ​​is greater than a preset threshold value, it is determined that backfires have occurred in the hydrogen combustion engine, and a backfire monitoring signal is generated. The backfire monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where backfires have occurred.

[0013] In this way, the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine of the present invention can improve prediction accuracy by comparing the temperature values ​​of other nozzles with the reference value and determining the nozzles with a difference greater than a threshold as flashback.

[0014] Preferably, the preset threshold is determined according to the current operating condition of the hydrogen combustion engine.

[0015] In this way, the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine of the present invention can improve prediction accuracy by determining a preset threshold value according to the current operating condition of the hydrogen combustion engine.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen fuel engine is provided, wherein the hydrogen fuel engine comprises a combustion chamber, a plurality of fuel nozzle channels and a plurality of fuel nozzles, wherein the fuel nozzle channels correspond one-to-one to the fuel nozzles, and the fuel nozzles are connected to the combustion chamber through the corresponding fuel nozzle channels, and wherein the method comprises: step one: collecting temperature data of the fuel nozzle channels by a thermocouple module arranged on the inner wall of each of the fuel nozzle channels; step two: receiving the temperature data acquired by the thermocouple module, and processing the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data, and the average value is used as a detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located; step three: receiving the detection value of each of the fuel nozzle channels, and determining a minimum value among the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels, comparing each of the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, and judging whether the hydrogen fuel engine flashes back based on the comparison result, and determining a target fuel nozzle channel where flashback occurs when it is determined that the hydrogen fuel engine flashes back.

[0017] Preferably, the thermocouple module includes a first thermocouple unit, a second thermocouple unit, and a third thermocouple unit, wherein the first thermocouple unit is arranged at a first position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, the second thermocouple unit is arranged at a second position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, and the third thermocouple unit is arranged at a third position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, a first connecting line between the first position and the second position passes through the center point of the circumference of the inner wall, and a second connecting line between the third position and the center point is perpendicular to the first connecting line, and the step 2 includes: receiving first temperature data acquired by the first thermocouple unit, second temperature data acquired by the second thermocouple unit, and third temperature data acquired by the third thermocouple unit, and comparing each two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain a plurality of differences, based on the plurality of differences, discarding one of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data having the largest difference, and calculating an average value for the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and taking the average value as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located.

[0018] Preferably, step three includes: calculating the deviation value between each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value; if at least one of the deviation values ​​is greater than a preset threshold value, it is determined that backfire has occurred in the hydrogen combustion engine, and a backfire monitoring signal is generated, wherein the backfire monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where backfire has occurred.

[0019] Preferably, the preset threshold is determined according to the current operating condition of the hydrogen combustion engine.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0021] 1) Improve the monitoring accuracy of flashback of hydrogen combustion engines;

[0022] 2) The device for monitoring the flashback of the hydrogen combustion engine can be directly installed in the fuel nozzle channel of the existing hydrogen combustion engine, thereby reducing the modification cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can better understand the above and other features and advantages of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a detailed portion of the device shown in FIG.

[0026] Figure 3 is a flow chart showing a method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] List of reference numerals:

[0028] 102: fuel nozzle;

[0029] 104, 204: fuel nozzle channel;

[0030] 106: Combustion chamber;

[0031] 108: Transition section;

[0032] 110: Exit;

[0033] 112: Thermocouple module

[0034] 212a: a first thermocouple unit;

[0035] 212b: second thermocouple unit;

[0036] 212c: third thermocouple unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail in the following examples.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs.

[0040] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "up, down, top, bottom", usually refer to the directions shown in the drawings, or to the components themselves in the vertical, perpendicular or gravity directions; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself, but the above-mentioned directional words are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] In order to further understand the technical solution of the present invention, the basic concepts involved in the present invention are briefly described:

[0042] A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that measures temperature by measuring the voltage difference between the junctions of two different metals or alloys. This voltage difference is caused by the different thermoelectric potentials generated by the two materials at different temperatures, a phenomenon known as the Seebeck effect.

[0043] It should be noted that the present application is applicable to various types of gas turbines using hydrogen-blended or pure hydrogen fuel, referred to as hydrogen engines. Backfire in a hydrogen engine refers to the phenomenon that under certain combustion conditions, the flame propagates upstream of the mixture channel in the fuel nozzle of the combustion chamber. When a flashback occurs in the combustion chamber, it will not only seriously damage the combustion chamber components, but also increase the emission of pollutants. In the relevant embodiments of flashback protection at the engine operation control level, a buzzer sensor can be arranged in the channel of the fuel nozzle to detect and determine the flashback, but because the sensitivity of flashback to temperature is much higher than that to speed, the use of a buzzer sensor cannot respond in time, especially if the hydrogen in the fuel is higher than 5% Vol, the sensitivity of this monitoring method is insufficient.

[0044] To this end, the present application proposes a hydrogen engine flashback monitoring device and method, which uses a flashback thermocouple to monitor and determine the flashback of a gas turbine engine to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an apparatus for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a detailed portion of the device shown in FIG. Figure 3is a flow chart showing a method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen combustion engine includes a plurality of fuel nozzles 102, a plurality of fuel nozzle channels 104, a combustion chamber 106, a transition section 108 and an outlet 110, wherein each of the plurality of fuel nozzles 102 is connected to the combustion chamber 106 via a corresponding fuel nozzle channel 104, and the fuel nozzle channels 104 correspond one-to-one to the fuel nozzles 102. Figure 1 Only one of the fuel nozzles 102 and one of the fuel nozzle passages 104 is used as an example for description. The apparatus for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine comprises: a thermocouple module 112, such as Figure 1 As shown, on the inner wall of each fuel nozzle channel 104, along the circumference of the fuel nozzle channel 104, a thermocouple module 112 consisting of a plurality of thermocouple units is arranged; a data processing module (not shown); and a flashback monitoring module (not shown). The thermocouple module 112 is communicatively connected to the data processing module by wire, and the data processing module can be communicatively connected to the flashback monitoring module by wire or wireless. The data processing module and the flashback monitoring module can be arranged outside the hydrogen combustion engine, and the data processing module and the flashback monitoring module can be implemented by hardware or software.

[0048] Specifically, during operation of the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen fuel engine, a thermocouple module 112 acquires temperature data representing the temperature within the fuel nozzle channel 104; a data processing module receives the temperature data from the thermocouple module 112 for each fuel nozzle channel 104, and processes the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data, which is used as a detection value of the temperature of the fuel nozzle channel 104; and a flashback monitoring module receives the detection value of each fuel nozzle channel 104 from the data processing module, and determines a minimum value among the detection values ​​of multiple fuel nozzle channels 104, compares each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels 104 with the minimum value, and based on the comparison result, determines whether flashback occurs in the hydrogen fuel engine and, if it is determined that flashback occurs in the hydrogen fuel engine, determines a target fuel nozzle channel where flashback occurs.

[0049] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 Schematic block diagram of the details of the device shown in . Specifically, Figure 2 Shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the fuel nozzle passage taken along line A-A'. Figure 2As shown in , the thermocouple module includes a first thermocouple unit 212a, a second thermocouple unit 212b, and a third thermocouple unit 212c arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel 204. The first thermocouple unit 212a is set at a first position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel 204, the second thermocouple unit 212b is set at a second position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel 204, and the third thermocouple unit 212c is set at a third position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel 204. A first line connecting the first position and the second position passes through the center point O of the circumference of the inner wall, and a second line connecting the third position and the center point O is perpendicular to the first line, that is, the first thermocouple unit 212a, the second thermocouple unit 212b, and the third thermocouple unit 212c constitute the three vertices of an equilateral right triangle. Figure 2 In the case of three thermocouple units arranged as shown, the data processing module receives the first temperature data obtained from the first thermocouple unit, the second temperature data obtained from the second thermocouple unit, and the third temperature data obtained from the third thermocouple unit, and compares each of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain multiple differences. Based on the multiple differences, the one with the largest difference among the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data is discarded, and the average value is calculated for the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and the average value is used as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located. Next, the flashback monitoring module calculates the deviation value between each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value. If at least one deviation value is greater than a preset threshold value, it is determined that the hydrogen combustion engine flashes back, and a flashback monitoring signal is generated. The flashback monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where flashback occurs. The flashback monitoring module can send alarm information indicating flashback of the hydrogen combustion engine and the target fuel nozzle channel to the monitoring station for user viewing.

[0050] The following is an example of a hydrogen combustion engine having 16 fuel nozzles. Since there are 16 fuel nozzles, 16 fuel nozzle channels are required to connect the 16 fuel nozzles to the combustion chamber. On the inner wall of each of the 16 fuel nozzle channels, a thermocouple module consisting of three thermocouple units is arranged along the circumference of the fuel nozzle channel. Therefore, the hydrogen combustion engine has 16×3, a total of 48 thermocouple units. The data processing module receives temperature data from three thermocouple units arranged therein for each fuel nozzle channel, that is, receives first temperature data (for example, 400°C) obtained from the first thermocouple unit, second temperature data (for example, 410°C) obtained from the second thermocouple unit, and third temperature data (for example, 350°C) obtained from the third thermocouple unit, and compares each two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain multiple differences, and based on the multiple differences, discards the one with the largest difference among the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data (in this example, the third temperature data 350°C is discarded), and calculates an average value (in this example, the average value is 405°C) for the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data (in this example, the first temperature data 400°C and the second temperature data 410°C), and uses the average value as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located. Next, the flashback monitoring module calculates the deviation between each of the detection values ​​of the 16 fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value (for example, the minimum value of the detection values ​​of the 16 fuel nozzle channels is the detection value of the first fuel nozzle channel, 400°C). If at least one deviation value (for example, the deviation between the detection value of the fifth fuel nozzle channel, 480°C, and the minimum value, 400°C, is 80°C) is greater than a preset threshold value (for example, the preset threshold value is 30°C), it is determined that the hydrogen engine flashes back, and a flashback monitoring signal is generated. The flashback monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where flashback occurs (in this example, the target fuel nozzle channel is the fifth fuel nozzle channel). The flashback monitoring module can send alarm information indicating flashback of the hydrogen engine and the target fuel nozzle channel to the monitoring station for the user to view. In addition, the preset threshold value can be determined or changed according to the current operating conditions of the hydrogen engine.

[0051] Figure 3304: receiving the temperature data acquired by the thermocouple module, and processing the temperature data to obtain the average value of the temperature data, and the average value is used as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located; step 306: receiving the detection value of each fuel nozzle channel, and determining the minimum value of the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels, and comparing each of the detection values ​​of the plurality of fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, and judging whether the hydrogen engine has flashback based on the comparison result, and determining the target fuel nozzle channel where flashback has occurred if it is judged that the hydrogen engine has flashback.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0053] 1) Improve the monitoring accuracy of flashback of hydrogen combustion engines;

[0054] 2) The device for monitoring the flashback of the hydrogen combustion engine can be directly installed in the fuel nozzle channel of the existing hydrogen combustion engine, thereby reducing the modification cost.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine, the hydrogen combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, a plurality of fuel nozzle channels and a plurality of fuel nozzles, the fuel nozzle channels corresponding to the fuel nozzles one by one, the fuel nozzles being connected to the combustion chamber through the corresponding fuel nozzle channels, characterized in that: The device comprises: a thermocouple module disposed on an inner wall of each of the fuel nozzle passages, the thermocouple module being configured to acquire temperature data representing a temperature within the fuel nozzle passage; a data processing module configured to: for each of the fuel nozzle channels, receive the temperature data from the thermocouple module, and process the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data, wherein the average value is used as a detection value of the temperature of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located; and The backfire monitoring module is configured to: receive the detection value of each of the fuel nozzle channels from the data processing module, determine the minimum value among the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels, compare each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, judge whether the hydrogen combustion engine has backfired based on the comparison result, and if it is determined that the hydrogen combustion engine has backfired, determine the target fuel nozzle channel where the backfire has occurred.

2. The device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermocouple module includes a first thermocouple unit, a second thermocouple unit, and a third thermocouple unit. The first thermocouple unit is arranged at a first position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, the second thermocouple unit is arranged at a second position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, and the third thermocouple unit is arranged at a third position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel. A first line connecting the first position and the second position passes through the center point of the circumference of the inner wall, and a second line connecting the third position and the center point is perpendicular to the first line.

3. The device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data processing module is configured to: receive the first temperature data obtained by the first thermocouple unit, the second temperature data obtained by the second thermocouple unit, and the third temperature data obtained by the third thermocouple unit, and the data processing module compares each two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain multiple differences, and based on the multiple differences, discard the one with the largest difference among the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and calculate the average value of the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and use the average value as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located.

4. The device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The backfire monitoring module is configured to: calculate the deviation value between each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value; if at least one of the deviation values ​​is greater than a preset threshold, determine that backfires have occurred in the hydrogen combustion engine, and generate a backfire monitoring signal, wherein the backfire monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where backfires have occurred.

5. The device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset threshold is determined according to the current operating condition of the hydrogen combustion engine.

6. A method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine performed by the device for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1: collecting temperature data of the fuel nozzle channel by a thermocouple module arranged on the inner wall of each fuel nozzle channel; Step 2: for each of the fuel nozzle channels, receiving the temperature data acquired by the thermocouple module, and processing the temperature data to obtain an average value of the temperature data, and the average value is used as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located; Step three: Receive the detection value of each of the fuel nozzle channels, and determine the minimum value among the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels, compare each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels with the minimum value, and based on the comparison result, determine whether the hydrogen combustion engine has backfired, and if it is determined that the hydrogen combustion engine has backfired, determine the target fuel nozzle channel where the backfire has occurred.

7. The method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermocouple module includes a first thermocouple unit, a second thermocouple unit, and a third thermocouple unit. The first thermocouple unit is arranged at a first position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, the second thermocouple unit is arranged at a second position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel, and the third thermocouple unit is arranged at a third position on the inner wall of the fuel nozzle channel. A first connecting line between the first position and the second position passes through the center point of the circumference of the inner wall, and a second connecting line between the third position and the center point is perpendicular to the first connecting line. The step 2 includes: receiving first temperature data acquired by the first thermocouple unit, second temperature data acquired by the second thermocouple unit, and third temperature data acquired by the third thermocouple unit, and comparing each two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data with each other to obtain a plurality of differences. Based on the plurality of differences, discarding one of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data having the largest difference, calculating an average value for the remaining two of the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data, and taking the average value as the detection value of the fuel nozzle channel where the thermocouple module is located.

8. The method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The step three includes: calculating the deviation value between each of the detection values ​​of the multiple fuel nozzle channels and the minimum value. If at least one of the deviation values ​​is greater than a preset threshold value, it is determined that backfire has occurred in the hydrogen combustion engine, and a backfire monitoring signal is generated. The backfire monitoring signal indicates that the fuel nozzle channel corresponding to the deviation value is the target fuel nozzle channel where backfire has occurred.

9. The method for monitoring flashback of a hydrogen combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preset threshold is determined according to the current operating condition of the hydrogen combustion engine.

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