Multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, determining evaluation indexes which comprise basic requirements, control indexes and measure indexes; 2, water footprint accounting, wherein water footprints are divided into direct water footprints and indirect water footprints; 3, making a water-saving evaluation table, and scoring according to the water-saving evaluation table; and step 4, dividing different grades according to the scoring condition, namely performing differentiation evaluation on the water footprint of the hotel industry, and dividing a corresponding water-saving grade according to an evaluation result. The invention belongs to the technical field of hotel industry water resource management evaluation, and solves the problems of poor operability, incomplete consideration factors and poor limitation in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water resource management evaluation in the hotel industry, and relates to a differentiated evaluation method for water footprint of a multi-level urban hotel industry. Background Art

[0002] For the water resource management evaluation system of the hotel industry, the existing relevant standards mainly include the following: 1) "Guidelines for the Evaluation of Water-Saving Units in the Service Industry" GB / T26922-2011. Although this standard covers the water-saving evaluation of the service industry, it may not be in-depth enough in the subdivision of the specific industry of hotels, and fails to fully reflect the unique water-saving needs and challenges of the hotel industry. 2) The Ministry of Water Resources has issued the "Water Quota for the Service Industry: Hotels". This standard takes into account the regional differences between the north and the south and the star-level differences, and sets the general and advanced water use standards for hotels of each star level; the general standard is used as a daily management benchmark, while the advanced standard represents the domestic leading level. The quota innovatively introduces advanced values ​​and promotes the refinement of water management; however, its limitations are that it only covers direct water use and the evaluation method is single, which is not enough to meet the diversified certification needs of the market. 3) The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has issued the international standard ISO14046, which clarifies the life cycle assessment principles, requirements and steps for the water footprint evaluation of products, processes or organizations, covering purpose setting, scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and result interpretation. Although this standard provides a technical support framework for water footprint research, it is biased towards theory and faces challenges in practical application by enterprises. 4) "Guidelines for the Assessment and Reporting of Water Footprints of Organizations" GB / T34341-2017 defines the concept and process of water footprint assessment for organizations, and is applicable to water use inventories and impact analysis at the organizational level. However, it is not detailed for the hotel industry, and lacks clear accounting boundaries and calculation methods for the characteristics of hotel service water use.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new differentiated evaluation method for water footprint in the urban hotel industry to overcome the above-mentioned problems of poor operability, incomplete consideration of factors, and poor limitations. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method, which solves the problems of poor operability, insufficient consideration of factors and poor limitations in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method, which is implemented according to the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the evaluation indicators.

[0007] Evaluation indicators include basic requirements, control indicators and measure indicators;

[0008] Step 2: Water footprint calculation,

[0009] Water footprint is divided into direct water footprint and indirect water footprint;

[0010] Step 3: Prepare a water-saving evaluation form and score according to the water-saving evaluation form;

[0011] Step 4: Differentiate the water footprint of the hotel industry into different levels according to the scores, that is, conduct a differentiated evaluation on the water footprint of the hotel industry, and divide the corresponding water-saving levels according to the evaluation results.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention include the following aspects:

[0013] 1) Industry segmentation and differentiated evaluation: Develop differentiated evaluation standards and certification processes based on factors such as the hotel’s size, geographical location, and business model to ensure the fairness and accuracy of the evaluation.

[0014] 2) Simplify operation and localize: On the basis of maintaining the comprehensiveness of the evaluation, simplify the operation process and evaluation indicators to improve the participation and execution of hotels. At the same time, fully consider regional differences and localization needs to ensure the adaptability and operability of the evaluation system.

[0015] 3) Completeness: Most of the existing standards only include direct water use but not indirect water use, which cannot fully reflect the water footprint. Therefore, this system overcomes the shortcomings of the existing standards and adds relevant indicators of indirect water use on the basis of direct water use, which can more accurately reflect the actual water use of the hotel, thereby providing theoretical support for the water-saving goals of the hotel industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the water footprint differentiation evaluation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Reference Figure 1 The water footprint differentiation evaluation method of the present invention is implemented according to the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Determine the evaluation indicators.

[0020] The evaluation indicators mainly include basic requirements, control indicators and measure indicators.

[0021] Among them, the basic requirements refer to the requirements that all hotels participating in the certification must meet. If the basic requirements are not met, they cannot enter the water footprint certification process;

[0022] Control indicators are indicators that directly reflect the water use of a hotel, mainly composed of direct water use and indirect water use;

[0023] Measures indicators include technical measures indicators and management measures indicators.

[0024] Step 2: Water footprint calculation,

[0025] Water footprint is divided into direct water footprint and indirect water footprint.

[0026] Among them, the direct water footprint is directly obtained from the various water use links of the hotel, which mainly include guest room water, boiler room water, restaurant drinking water, air conditioning cooling water, public area cleaning water, laundry water, office water, entertainment water, landscape water, and swimming pool water (the last four water use links here are limited to hotels of four stars and above);

[0027] Indirect water footprint includes food consumption water footprint, energy consumption water footprint, and disposable product consumption water footprint. The calculation expression of indirect water footprint is as follows:

[0028] HWF 间接 =HWF 餐饮 +HWF 能源 + HWF 物料 (1)

[0029] Among them, HWF 间接 Indirect water footprint, HWF 餐饮 HWF is the water footprint of catering consumption. 能源 HWF represents the water footprint of energy consumption. 物料 It represents the water footprint of disposable products (mainly including disposable items, etc.), and the unit is m 3 / ɑ;

[0030]

[0031] Where j represents the total number of food types in the hotel; F j represents the amount of the jth food consumed by the hotel each year, kg / ɑ; P j represents the water footprint factor of the jth food, m 3 / kg;

[0032]

[0033] Among them, H i represents the amount of energy consumed by the hotel each year, MWh / ɑ; E i represents the water footprint factor of the i-th energy source, m 3 / MWh;

[0034]

[0035] Among them, T irepresents the number of the i-th disposable items consumed by the hotel each year;

[0036] HWF 产品,i represents the consumption water footprint factor of the i-th material, m 3 / set;

[0037] The P involved in the above formulas j 、E i 、HWF 产品,i The specific classification values ​​of are as follows:

[0038] 1) The energy water footprint factor is mainly electricity, and the optimal value is 83.76m 3 / MWh;

[0039] 2) The material consumption water footprint factor mainly includes toiletries (including toothpaste, soap, bath gel, slippers, combs, and toothbrushes), and the preferred value is 0.03m 3 / set;

[0040] 3) Food water footprint factors mainly include vegetables, oil, pork, beef, mutton, poultry, eggs, fish and shrimp, sugar, wine, tea, candy and cakes, and fruit. The preferred values ​​of each item are shown in Table 1 below.

[0041] Table 1. Indirect water footprint parameters

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Step 3: Prepare a water-saving evaluation form and score according to the water-saving evaluation form;

[0045] This step not only considers the direct water footprint, but also the indirect water footprint.

[0046] The reasons for selecting the evaluation indicators are as follows:

[0047] 3.1) Direct water footprint mainly refers to the direct water consumption of the hotel, which is reflected in each water use link of the hotel. For large-scale hotels with complete facilities, the main water use links include hotel rooms, air-conditioning cooling systems, public area cleaning water, hotel restaurants, boiler rooms, laundry rooms, entertainment water, landscape water, hotel offices, and swimming pools. Therefore, they are selected as the ten indicators of direct water footprint.

[0048] 3.2) Indirect water footprint includes food water footprint, energy water footprint, and material consumption water footprint. Food water footprint mainly refers to the food materials consumed by the hotel during operation, energy water footprint mainly reflects the amount of electricity used, and material consumption water footprint mainly refers to toiletries, with one set used by one guest. The footprint factors considered are shown in step 2 and Table 1 above.

[0049] Table 2. Water saving evaluation table

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] In view of the lack of clear definition of the specific thresholds of the various links in the direct water footprint and indirect water footprint in the current actual operation process, this step adopts the Delphi Method to set the thresholds. This method is to form an expert group, composed of industry experts, scholars and practitioners with rich practical experience, and anonymously solicit opinions and suggestions from each group member on the thresholds repeatedly; through multiple rounds of information feedback and summarization, gradually narrow the differences of opinion among the group members until a relatively consistent consensus is reached; finally, based on the collective wisdom and judgment of the expert group, determine a scientific and reasonable threshold standard that conforms to the actual situation of the industry, to ensure the fairness, objectivity and operability of the method of the present invention.

[0053] When implementing the Delphi method, α represents the direct water footprint level coefficient, β represents the indirect water footprint level coefficient, γ represents the management measure level coefficient, and ε represents the technical measure level coefficient. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 3 below.

[0054] Table 3. Table of city grade coefficient values

[0055]

[0056] Note: The selection of the above coefficients is mainly based on the classification of urban levels. Different weights are set for first-tier cities, new first-tier cities, second-tier cities, third-tier cities, and fourth-tier cities. Combined with the different levels of urban development, the requirements for measure indicators are appropriately relaxed for cities with poor economic development levels to ensure that each level of city has a certain number of gold medal water-saving hotels. This measure can better reflect the principle of adapting to local conditions.

[0057] Step 4: Divide them into different levels according to the scores.

[0058] This step aims to conduct a differentiated evaluation of the water footprint of the hotel industry through a set of scientific and reasonable indicator systems, and to divide the corresponding water-saving levels according to the evaluation results.

[0059] The specific scoring criteria and their basis are as follows:

[0060] 4.1) Gold Medal Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 90-100 points:

[0061] Scoring basis: Hotels at this level have performed well in water resource management, not only meeting basic water conservation requirements, but also achieving significant results in technological innovation, water resource recycling, water conservation publicity and education, etc. Their water footprint is far below the industry average, and they have a positive impact on water resource management in the surrounding environment and community.

[0062] Specific manifestations: may include the use of advanced water-saving technologies and equipment, the establishment of a sound water-saving management system, high water-saving awareness among employees and guests, and specific water-saving action plans and results.

[0063] 4.2) Silver Medal Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 80-90 points:

[0064] Scoring basis: Hotels of this grade perform well in water resource management, basically meet water conservation requirements, and have certain innovations and achievements in some aspects. Their water footprint is close to or slightly lower than the industry average, and they have made certain contributions to water resource management for the environment and the community.

[0065] Specific manifestations include the implementation of certain water-saving measures, certain water-saving publicity and education, employees and guests have a certain degree of water-saving awareness, and certain results have been achieved in reducing water footprint.

[0066] 4.3) Bronze Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 60-80 points:

[0067] Scoring basis: Hotels at this level have a certain level of awareness and action in water resource management, but need to improve further. Their water footprint is close to or slightly higher than the industry average, and they need to make more improvements in water-saving technology and management.

[0068] Specific manifestations: including starting to pay attention to water conservation issues and implementing some basic water conservation measures. Employees and guests have a certain understanding of water conservation, but the effectiveness and sustainability of water conservation need to be strengthened.

[0069] 4.4) Unrated hotels, with a score below 60 points.

[0070] Table 4: Grading table

[0071] Fraction grade 90-100 gold medal 80-90 silver medal 60-80 bronze medal Below 60 No level

[0072] Water-saving certification logos include but are not limited to gold medal water-saving hotel, silver medal water-saving hotel and other different grade logos to distinguish the water-saving performance of the hotel.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] According to the above steps of the method of the present invention, the water footprint differentiation of a five-star hotel is evaluated. The specific process is as follows:

[0075] Step 1: The evaluation indicators determined are basic requirements, control indicators, and measure indicators, which are consistent with the previous text.

[0076] Step 2: The selected five-star hotel is located in the main urban area of ​​Pudong District, Shanghai. After investigation, it meets the basic requirements, so the direct water footprint and indirect water footprint are calculated. The specific calculation data are as follows:

[0077] Table 5. Direct water consumption of Example 1

[0078] Water use <![CDATA[Water consumption (m 3 / (bed·a))]]> Hotel Rooms 83.95 Air conditioning cooling system 54.75 Clean water in public areas 18.25 Hotel Dining 10.95 Boiler Room 7.3 Laundry Room 18.25 Recreational water 14.6 Landscape water 3.65 Hotel Office 14.6 swimming pool 14.6

[0079] Table 6. Indirect water consumption of Example 1

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Step 3: Score according to the water-saving evaluation form. The scores are as follows.

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Because the selected hotel is located in Shanghai, a first-tier city. Therefore, the coefficients α, β, γ, and ε are all 1. Finally, according to the evaluation process of the method of the present invention, the result is 85 points, which belongs to the silver medal water-saving hotel. It shows that the hotel has performed well in water resource management, basically meets the requirements of water conservation, and has certain innovations and achievements in some aspects. Its water footprint is close to or slightly lower than the industry average, and has made certain contributions to the water resource management of the environment and the community. In addition, it has implemented certain water-saving measures, has certain water-saving publicity and education, employees and guests have a certain awareness of water conservation, and have achieved certain results in reducing water footprint.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] According to the above steps of the method of the present invention, the water footprint differentiation of a four-star hotel in Xi'an is evaluated, and the collected data are as follows in Tables 7 and 8:

[0088] Table 7. Direct water consumption of Example 2

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Table 8. Indirect water consumption of Example 2

[0092]

[0093] The scoring is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Because the selected hotel is located in Xi'an, a new first-tier city. Therefore, the values ​​of coefficients α, β, γ, and ε are 1.1, 1.1, 0.95, and 0.85, respectively. Finally, according to the evaluation process of the method of the present invention, the result is 78.3 points, which belongs to the bronze medal water-saving hotel. It shows that the hotel has a certain awareness and action in water resource management, but it needs to be further improved. Its water footprint is close to or slightly higher than the industry average, and more improvements are needed in water-saving technology and management. It may begin to pay attention to water-saving issues and implement some basic water-saving measures. Employees and guests have a certain understanding of water-saving, but the effectiveness and sustainability of water-saving need to be strengthened.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] According to the above steps of the method of the present invention, the water footprint differentiation of a three-star hotel in Luoyang City was evaluated, and the collected data are shown in Tables 9 and 10 below.

[0098] Table 9. Direct water consumption of Example 3

[0099] Water use <![CDATA[Water consumption (m 3 / (bed·a))]]> Hotel Rooms 45.36 Air conditioning cooling system 26.58 Clean water in public areas 9.89 Hotel Dining 5.46 Boiler Room 3.8 Laundry Room 10.60 Recreational water 1.9 Landscape water 0.9 Hotel Office 8.6 swimming pool 0

[0100] Table 10. Indirect water consumption of Example 3

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] The scoring is as follows:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Because the selected hotel is located in Luoyang, a third-tier city. Therefore, the values ​​of coefficients α, β, γ, and ε are 1.3, 1.3, 0.85, and 0.55, respectively. Finally, according to the evaluation process of the method of the present invention, the result is 91.3 points, which belongs to the gold medal water-saving hotel. This shows that although the hotel is located in a third-tier city, its direct water footprint has achieved good water-saving results. Restricted by its geographical location and economic conditions, its technical measures and management measures are relatively lacking, but it is already a hotel with significant water-saving effects under these conditions, so it is awarded the water-saving gold medal hotel logo.

[0107] In summary, the water footprint differentiation evaluation method for the multi-level urban hotel industry of the present invention (which can be used as a reference for the certification and identification system) includes four steps: determining the evaluation index, calculating the water footprint, scoring according to the water-saving evaluation table, and dividing it into different levels according to the scoring. It is intended to set different weights for first-tier to fourth-tier cities based on the classification of urban levels, and appropriately relax the requirements for measure indicators for cities with poor economic development levels in combination with the different levels of urban development, so as to ensure that each level of city has a certain number of gold medal water-saving hotels. This measure can better reflect the local conditions.

Claims

1. A differentiated evaluation method for water footprint of multi-level urban hotel industry, characterized by: Follow these steps to implement: Step 1: Determine the evaluation indicators. Evaluation indicators include basic requirements, control indicators and measure indicators; Step 2: Calculate water footprint. Water footprint is divided into direct water footprint and indirect water footprint. Step 3: Prepare a water-saving evaluation form and score according to the water-saving evaluation form; Step 4: Differentiate the water footprint of the hotel industry into different levels according to the scores, that is, conduct a differentiated evaluation on the water footprint of the hotel industry, and divide the corresponding water-saving levels according to the evaluation results.

2. The multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the basic requirements refer to the requirements that all hotels participating in the certification must meet. If the basic requirements are not met, they cannot enter the water footprint certification process; Control indicators are indicators that directly reflect the water use of a hotel, and are composed of direct water use and indirect water use; Measures indicators include technical measures indicators and management measures indicators.

3. The multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the direct water footprint is obtained directly from each water use link of the hotel, which mainly includes guest room water, boiler room water, restaurant drinking water, air conditioning cooling water, public area cleaning water, and laundry room water; Indirect water footprints include the water footprint of food consumption, the water footprint of energy consumption, and the water footprint of disposable product consumption.

4. The multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the scoring process takes into account both direct and indirect water footprints. 3.1) Direct water footprint mainly refers to the direct water consumption of the hotel, including hotel rooms, air conditioning cooling system, public area cleaning water, hotel catering, boiler room, and laundry water; 3.2) Indirect water footprint includes food water footprint, energy water footprint and material consumption water footprint.

5. The multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the Delphi method is used to set the thresholds for each part of the direct water footprint and the indirect water footprint: Form an expert group and repeatedly solicit opinions and suggestions on thresholds from each group member anonymously; Through multiple rounds of information feedback and summarization, the differences of opinion among team members are gradually narrowed until a relatively consistent consensus is reached; Ultimately, based on the collective wisdom and judgment of the expert panel, a scientifically reasonable threshold standard that conforms to the actual situation of the industry was determined.

6. The multi-level urban hotel industry water footprint differentiation evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the specific scoring criteria and their basis are as follows: 4.1) Gold Medal Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 90-100 points: Scoring basis: Excellent performance in water resource management, not only meeting basic water conservation requirements, but also achieving significant results in technological innovation, water resource recycling, and water conservation publicity and education; its water footprint is far below the industry average, and has a positive impact on water resource management in the surrounding environment and community; Specific performance: adopt advanced water-saving technology and equipment, establish a sound water-saving management system, employees and guests have a high awareness of water conservation, and have specific water-saving action plans and results; 4.2) Silver Medal Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 80-90 points: Scoring basis: Good performance in water resource management, basically meeting water conservation requirements, and having certain innovations and achievements in certain aspects; its water footprint is close to or slightly lower than the industry average, and has made certain contributions to water resource management for the environment and the community; Specific performance: certain water-saving measures have been implemented, there has been certain water-saving publicity and education, employees and guests have a certain degree of water-saving awareness, and there has been certain results in reducing water footprint; 4.3) Bronze Water-saving Hotel, with a score of 60-80 points: Scoring basis: There is some awareness and action in water resource management, but further improvement is needed; Its water footprint is close to or slightly above the industry average, and more improvements are needed in water-saving technology and management; Specific performance: We have begun to pay attention to water conservation and implemented some basic water conservation measures. Employees and guests have a certain understanding of water conservation, but the effectiveness and sustainability of water conservation need to be improved; 4.4) Unrated hotels, with a score below 60 points.

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