Graphical geological logging method and device for dam foundation bottom plate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological logging, discloses a graphical geological logging method and device for a dam foundation bottom plate, and aims to solve the problems that existing geological logging of the dam foundation bottom plate is poor in accuracy and efficiency and does not meet existing industry specification requirements. The scheme mainly comprises the following steps: defining a local three-dimensional coordinate system according to an engineering overall coordinate system; selecting a plurality of projection surfaces in the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and respectively establishing a two-dimensional projection coordinate system on each projection surface; sketching geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in the two-dimensional projection coordinate systems, and establishing a topological relation between the geological boundaries; establishing a standard dictionary library containing standard fields and custom fields, and inputting attribute information of the geological object according to the standard dictionary library; and projecting and restoring the geological boundary delineated in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system to the three-dimensional model in the engineering overall coordinate system. According to the method, the accuracy, efficiency and normalization of geological recording of the dam foundation bottom plate are improved, and the method is particularly suitable for geological structure analysis of the dam foundation bottom plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological logging, and in particular to a method and device for graphically logging a dam base plate. Background Art

[0002] Geological cataloging refers to the method and process of correctly recording or systematically expressing geological phenomena observed directly or geological data obtained by other means (drilling, geophysical exploration, testing and analysis, etc.) in the form of text and charts.

[0003] Dam foundation excavation is the core link in the construction of hydropower projects. After the large-scale excavation of the dam foundation plate forms an open surface, the stress is redistributed. Under the action of self-weight and horizontal structural stress, the rock mass will be significantly damaged in the unfavorable geological conditions, such as overall or partial downward sliding deformation along the weak interlayer leading to landslides, which seriously threaten the life safety of construction workers and affect the construction progress. The sparse geological survey in the early stage is not enough to reveal the geological problems existing in the dam foundation excavation process. The geological cataloging of the dam foundation plate can directly observe the geological cataloging objects of the excavation surface after the construction excavation, and record and analyze the geological structure, rock and soil properties and potential unstable factors of the dam foundation plate in detail. Therefore, the geological cataloging of the dam foundation plate is crucial to the safety and stability of the dam project.

[0004] The traditional geological cataloging of dam base plate still adopts paper cataloging, that is, a horizontal projection of the dam base plate with the horizontal axis as the dam base axis and the vertical axis as the vertical axis is drawn on paper coordinate paper, and then the geometric information of the geological outcrop line on the dam base plate is outlined on the horizontal projection map with two-dimensional coordinates, and the corresponding geological features and the geological topological relationship between each other and the attribute information of the corresponding geological objects are recorded separately; then the electronic transcription is completed indoors to draw a sketch of the geological outcrop of the dam base plate. However, the process of converting electronic files by manual input in the computer system increases the chance of error, and the converted electronic files are still two-dimensional interfaces and cannot be restored to the true three-dimensional form; thus, it is impossible to compare and analyze the exploration information obtained by other previous exploration methods (such as drilling, trenching, and exploration wells) in the same set of three-dimensional coordinate systems, and cannot be used together for docking subsequent three-dimensional modeling and three-dimensional calculations. Therefore, this method not only has poor efficiency and accuracy in cataloging, but also is inconvenient for subsequent application of the cataloged geological information.

[0005] With the advancement of science and technology, many geological exploration works have begun to adopt digital recording methods, such as three-dimensional aerial photography of the dam foundation plate, obtaining three-dimensional image models, and outlining geological boundaries in three-dimensional images. However, three-dimensional image cataloging can only obtain the geometric position information of geological boundaries, and it is difficult to obtain the attribute information of geological boundaries (such as lithology, structural surface characteristics and other geological information) and the topological information of geological boundaries. Therefore, on-site observation and description are still indispensable working methods. In addition, the construction geological cataloging based on three-dimensional images cannot be connected to the existing cataloging process, and the cataloging results do not meet the requirements of existing industry specifications. In addition, since the dam foundation excavation is not completed in one go, it needs to be excavated in steps and pile numbers. The three-dimensional photography of the excavation surface of the dam foundation plate needs to be updated dozens or even hundreds of times with the progress of construction, and the processing efficiency is low. At the same time, due to the different personal abilities and recording habits of on-site personnel and the lack of standard standardized records, the description records of geological cataloging are inconsistent. Even the same person has different recording methods at different times. Moreover, due to the inconsistency of description fields, it is impossible to directly extract the same-name fields from the original data for data statistical analysis, and the accuracy is poor. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application aims to solve the problem that the existing geological cataloging of the dam base plate has poor accuracy and efficiency and does not meet the requirements of existing industry specifications, and proposes a graphical geological cataloging method and device for the dam base plate.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a graphical geological logging method for a dam basement plate, the method comprising:

[0009] Defining a local three-dimensional coordinate system according to the overall coordinate system of the project, and constructing a first conversion relationship between the overall coordinate system of the project and the local three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the overall coordinate system of the project has a three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam base plate;

[0010] Selecting a plurality of projection surfaces in the local three-dimensional coordinate system, establishing a two-dimensional projection coordinate system on each projection surface, and constructing a second conversion relationship between each two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system;

[0011] Determine the cataloging scope, cataloging direction and topological relationship between geological objects of the dam base plate, outline geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system according to the cataloging scope and cataloging direction, and establish topological relationship between geological boundaries according to the topological relationship between the geological objects;

[0012] Establishing a standard dictionary library including standard fields and custom fields, and entering attribute information of geological objects according to the standard dictionary library;

[0013] According to the first conversion relationship and the second conversion relationship, the geological boundaries drawn in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected and restored onto the three-dimensional model in the overall engineering coordinate system.

[0014] Furthermore, a local three-dimensional coordinate system is defined according to the engineering global coordinate system of the dam base plate, specifically including:

[0015] In the three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam foundation slab, determine the dam foundation axis of a preset height, select a point on the dam foundation axis as the origin, take the straight line where the dam foundation axis is located as the horizontal axis, take the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the horizontal plane as the longitudinal axis, and take the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the vertical plane as the vertical axis to construct a local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0016] Furthermore, the preset height is the dam top height, and the origin is the midpoint of the dam foundation axis.

[0017] Further, the two-dimensional projection coordinate system includes a first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, a second two-dimensional projection coordinate system and a third two-dimensional projection coordinate system, the origin of each two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the origin of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0018] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0019] In the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, for continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary and the end point boundary of the geological objects are identified within the cataloging range according to the cataloging direction defined by the arrangement direction, and the end point boundary of the previous geological object is the starting point boundary of the next geological object; for non-continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary is determined within the cataloging range according to the specified cataloging direction, and the end point boundary is determined by offsetting along the cataloging direction according to the measured thickness of the geological objects; for geological objects of intrusive bodies, closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries; for geological objects with linear seepage of groundwater, non-closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries.

[0020] Furthermore, the continuously arranged geological objects at least include stratum lithology, rock mass structural segmentation, weathering zone, unloading zone, groundwater segmentation and karst, and the discontinuously arranged geological objects at least include structural surfaces and sliding surfaces.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for determining the cataloging scope includes:

[0022] In a two-dimensional projection coordinate system, a rectangular frame is established by specifying the value range of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, and the cataloging range is determined based on the established rectangular frame.

[0023] Furthermore, the attribute information of the geological object is entered according to the standard dictionary library, specifically including:

[0024] In the geological cataloging interface, standard fields and custom fields are displayed in a drop-down manner, and the fields selected by the user are used as the attribute information of the corresponding geological object.

[0025] Furthermore, the geological boundaries drawn in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected and restored to the three-dimensional model in the overall engineering coordinate system, specifically including:

[0026] According to the second transformation relationship, the geological boundary drawn in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system is restored to the local three-dimensional coordinate system. According to the first transformation relationship, the geological boundary drawn in the local three-dimensional coordinate system is converted to the overall engineering coordinate system. Finally, the restored geological boundary is projected onto the three-dimensional model according to the projection direction determined by the two-dimensional projection coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional geological boundary.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present application provides a graphical geological logging device for a dam base plate, wherein the device is used to implement the steps of the graphical geological logging method for a dam base plate as described in the first aspect.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the graphical geological cataloging method and device for the dam base plate provided by the present application follows the overall engineering coordinate system and geological topological relationship, and meets the requirements of professional division of labor. The cataloging personnel only need to follow the traditional two-dimensional cataloging habits, outline the geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in the set two-dimensional projection coordinate system, obtain the geometric information of the geological boundaries, and quickly and standardly enter the attribute information of the geological objects from the defined dictionary library according to the cataloging direction and the topological relationship between the geological boundaries; then, on the three-dimensional dam base plate excavation surface model in the overall engineering coordinate system, the geological boundaries are all restored to the three-dimensional model at one time according to the two-dimensional projection coordinate system and projection direction, and the three-dimensional geological boundaries are obtained; then, in the same three-dimensional space, it can be combined with other various survey objects for comparative analysis, three-dimensional modeling, three-dimensional calculation, etc. The present application improves the accuracy, efficiency and standardization of the geological cataloging of the dam base plate, and also facilitates the subsequent application of the cataloged geological information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a graphical geological logging method for a dam base plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a local three-dimensional coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a third two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the logging direction of horizontal stratum lithology provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the logging direction of vertical stratum lithology provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the logging direction of inclined stratum lithology provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the offset of the starting point boundary of a structural surface provided in an embodiment of the present application when the cataloging direction is the horizontal axis;

[0038] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the offset of the starting point boundary of a structural surface provided in an embodiment of the present application when the cataloging direction is the longitudinal axis;

[0039] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the cataloging boundary of an intrusion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a cataloging boundary of groundwater linear seepage provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of projection restoration of a geological boundary in a first two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of projection restoration of a geological boundary in a second two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of projection restoration of geological boundaries in a third two-dimensional projection coordinate system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is applicable to application scenarios where geological cataloging of the dam base plate is required. Since the current method of directly performing geological cataloging in three-dimensional images has problems of poor accuracy, efficiency and standardization, the technical solution of the present application is proposed. In an embodiment of the present application, a local three-dimensional coordinate system is defined according to the overall coordinate system of the project, and a first conversion relationship between the overall coordinate system of the project and the local three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, wherein the overall coordinate system of the project has a three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam base plate; multiple projection surfaces are selected in the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and two-dimensional projection coordinate systems are respectively established on each projection surface, and a second conversion relationship between each two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system is respectively constructed; the cataloging scope, cataloging direction and topological relationship between geological objects of the dam base plate are determined, and geological boundaries corresponding to geological objects are outlined in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system according to the cataloging scope and cataloging direction, and topological relationship between geological boundaries is established according to the topological relationship between the geological objects; a standard dictionary library containing standard fields and custom fields is established, and attribute information of geological objects is entered according to the standard dictionary library; and the geological boundaries outlined in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected and restored to the three-dimensional model in the overall coordinate system of the project according to the first conversion relationship and the second conversion relationship.

[0046] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application first uses the overall engineering coordinates to establish a local three-dimensional coordinate system; by specifying the coordinate axes and directions of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, a corresponding two-dimensional projection coordinate system is established; the user outlines the geological boundary on the specified two-dimensional projection coordinate system, and combines the two-step process of traditional on-site collection and electronic transcription, thereby reducing the manual errors of the process and secondary transcription, and the process is still connected to the on-site cataloging, thus avoiding the problem that the three-dimensional image cataloging still needs on-site observation and cataloging due to the inability to observe the inside of the geological body due to the accuracy and viewing angle of aerial photography; after the outline is completed, the connection between the geological object and the inside of the geological boundary is established according to the topological relationship of the geological object, thus solving the problem that the traditional method cannot determine the spatial scope of the geological body due to the lack of this relationship, and cannot conduct in-depth analysis of complex geological relationships; and the corresponding attribute information is standardized and recorded according to the set standard dictionary library to solve the problem It eliminates the inconsistency and error-proneness of individual data entry, and the standardized data entry is highly efficient, which is convenient for subsequent electronic extraction of fields for data statistical analysis; after the projection surface of the dam base plate is cataloged, that is, after the excavation construction is completed, the three-dimensional excavation surface model of the dam base plate is established according to the projection surface and projection direction of the local three-dimensional coordinate system based on the data source not limited to three-dimensional images, design parameter modeling, etc., and the geological boundaries cataloged in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected onto the excavation surface of the three-dimensional model for three-dimensional restoration, and combined with the information obtained from other survey objects for comparative analysis, which is convenient for docking with subsequent three-dimensional expansion applications, such as three-dimensional geological modeling, three-dimensional calculation analysis, etc.; it conforms to the existing survey cataloging process, that is, two-dimensional cataloging first and then unified restoration of three-dimensional geology, which meets the requirements of professional division of labor and solves the problem that direct three-dimensional aerial photography requires extremely high-frequency updates.

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0048] See also Figure 1 The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate provided in the embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Define a local three-dimensional coordinate system according to the overall coordinate system of the project, and construct a first conversion relationship between the overall coordinate system of the project and the local three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the overall coordinate system of the project has a three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam base plate.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, a local three-dimensional coordinate system is defined based on the overall engineering coordinate system of the dam foundation plate, specifically including: in the three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam foundation plate, a dam foundation axis of a preset height is determined, a point is selected on the dam foundation axis as the origin, the straight line where the dam foundation axis is located is used as the horizontal axis, the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the horizontal plane is used as the longitudinal axis, and the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the vertical plane is used as the vertical axis to construct a local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0051] It can be understood that the overall coordinate system of the project is a coordinate system established on the overall structure, also known as a unified coordinate system. In the field of engineering, in order to measure and plan the overall structure, it is necessary to establish a unified coordinate system, namely the overall coordinate. This coordinate system is unique throughout the entire project and is used to ensure that the position and size of each part remain consistent and accurate throughout the project. The establishment of an overall coordinate system helps to achieve the accuracy of engineering design and the convenience of construction because it provides a standardized reference framework so that measurements and calculations of different parts can be carried out on the same basis. In an embodiment of the present application, the overall coordinate system of the project has a three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam base plate.

[0052] See also Figure 2 In specific applications, first, in the overall coordinate system of the project, take the length L on the axis of the dam foundation at a specified height H (generally the designed dam crest height, such as H = 200m) (generally the middle of the dam crest, such as L = 500m) as the origin O of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, take the straight line passing through the origin O and pointing to the right bank along the axis of the dam foundation as the horizontal axis U, take the straight line passing through the origin O, perpendicular to the horizontal axis U on the horizontal plane and pointing to the downstream direction of the river as the vertical axis V, take the straight line passing through the origin O, perpendicular to the horizontal axis U on the vertical plane and pointing directly upward as the vertical axis W, that is, the elevation. The local three-dimensional coordinate system O-UVW is established through the above definition, and the first conversion relationship between the local three-dimensional coordinate system O-UVW and the overall coordinate system of the project is established.

[0053] S2. Select multiple projection surfaces in the local three-dimensional coordinate system, establish a two-dimensional projection coordinate system on each projection surface, and construct a second conversion relationship between each two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, the two-dimensional projection coordinate system includes a first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, a second two-dimensional projection coordinate system and a third two-dimensional projection coordinate system, the origin of each two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the origin of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0055] Specifically, the two-dimensional projection coordinate system includes two types: horizontal projection coordinate system and vertical projection coordinate system. Among them, the horizontal projection coordinate system is the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system, and the vertical projection coordinate system is the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system. The origin of each two-dimensional projection coordinate system is the origin O of the local three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0056] See also Figure 3 , the horizontal axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system is the horizontal axis U of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis is the vertical axis V of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, that is, the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system is UOV. Figure 4 , the horizontal axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system is the horizontal axis U of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis is the vertical axis W of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, that is, the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system is UOW. Figure 5 , the horizontal axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system is the vertical axis V of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis is the vertical axis W of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, that is, the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system is VOW.

[0057] After establishing the two-dimensional projection coordinate system on each projection surface, a second conversion relationship between each two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed respectively.

[0058] S3. Determine the cataloging range, cataloging direction and topological relationship between geological objects of the dam base plate, outline the geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system according to the cataloging range and cataloging direction, and establish the topological relationship between the geological boundaries according to the topological relationship between the geological objects.

[0059] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application establishes a matching relationship between geological objects and geological boundaries according to the cataloging scope, cataloging direction and topological relationship between geological objects, that is, the cataloging personnel follow the traditional two-dimensional cataloging habits, outline the geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in the constructed two-dimensional projection coordinate system, and establish the internal connection of the geological boundaries according to the defined topological relationship, so as to facilitate the subsequent direct call of geological boundary data from the geological objects for statistical analysis, etc., and avoid the situation where a large number of errors occur when manual re-matching is required due to the lack of on-site related data reference. Since the amount of dam foundation excavation is huge and cannot be completed in one go, it is necessary to catalog in stages according to the excavation sequence, and the cataloging scope needs to be divided during cataloging. Specifically, a rectangular frame is established in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system by specifying the value range of the horizontal and vertical axes to determine the approximate cataloging scope, and since the excavation surface is a two-dimensional interface, the cataloging direction needs to be specified.

[0060] In practical applications, in the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, for continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary and the end point boundary of the geological object are identified within the cataloging range according to the cataloging direction defined by the arrangement direction, and the end point boundary of the previous geological object is the starting point boundary of the next geological object; for non-continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary is determined within the cataloging range according to the specified cataloging direction, and the end point boundary is determined by offsetting along the cataloging direction according to the measured thickness of the geological object; for geological objects of intrusive bodies, closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries; for geological objects with linear seepage of groundwater, non-closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries.

[0061] Specifically, for continuously arranged geological objects, such as stratum lithology, rock mass structural segmentation, weathering zone, unloading zone, groundwater segmentation, etc., a cataloging direction needs to be defined according to the arrangement direction to identify the starting and ending boundaries of the geological objects, so that the ending boundary of the same geological object can be used as the starting boundary of the next geological object. For example, see Figures 6 to 8 For example, if the lithology strikes horizontally, vertically, or inclined within the rectangular catalog (horizontal axis U∈[U1,U2], vertical axis V∈[V1,V2]) selected on the projection surface, the cataloging directions can be selected as V-axis positive, U-axis positive, V-axis positive, or U-axis positive, respectively. Then, the starting point and end point boundaries of lithology 1, lithology 2, and lithology 3 are determined according to the selected cataloging directions. The one far from the cataloging direction is the end point boundary, and the one close to the cataloging direction is the starting point boundary. Since the lithology is a continuum, the end point boundary of the previous geological object is the starting point boundary of the next geological object.

[0062] For non-continuities such as structural surfaces, sliding zones (surfaces), if there is thickness, it is necessary to determine the starting point boundary according to the cataloging direction, and offset the measured thickness along the cataloging direction to obtain the end point boundary. If the structural surface is within the rectangular cataloging (horizontal axis U∈[U1,U2], vertical axis V∈[V1,V2]) selected on the projection surface, please refer to Fig. 9 If the selected cataloging direction is the positive direction of the U axis, the starting point boundary is close to the positive direction of the U axis, and the end point boundary is obtained by measuring the thickness along the positive offset of the U axis to obtain the end point boundary of the structural surface. Fig.10 If the selected cataloging direction is the positive direction of the V axis, the starting point boundary is close to the positive direction of the V axis, and the end point boundary is obtained by measuring the thickness along the positive offset of the V axis to obtain the end point boundary of the structural surface.

[0063] For individual line cataloging, it can be divided into two categories: single closed line and non-closed line. For example, the outcrop line of the intrusion body is created by the closed line, and the linear seepage of groundwater can be created by the non-closed line. These can ignore the problem of cataloging direction. For example, intrusion body and groundwater seepage, within the selected rectangular cataloging (horizontal axis U∈[U1,U2], vertical axis V∈[V1,V2]) of the projection surface, the intrusion body is outlined by the closed line, and the area within the closed line is the outcrop surface of the intrusion body. Please refer to Fig.11 When groundwater seepage is linear, a single non-closed line can be drawn. Fig.12 .

[0064] S4. Establish a standard dictionary library including standard fields and user-defined fields, and input attribute information of geological objects according to the standard dictionary library.

[0065] In practical applications, a standard dictionary library can be established for the geological boundaries and the topological relationships of the geological boundaries by using the database method in software programming. The standard dictionary library contains fixed specification dictionaries and special dictionaries for related projects. The fixed specification dictionary contains standard fields corresponding to geological attributes, and the special dictionary contains custom fields corresponding to geological attributes. The standard dictionary comes from relevant industry standards, manuals, regulations, etc. The special dictionary comes from the preliminary survey data of the specific project and can be added by the user.

[0066] In practical applications, standard fields and custom fields are displayed in a drop-down manner on the geological cataloging interface, and the fields selected by the user are used as the attribute information of the corresponding geological object. The defined standard dictionary library can automatically pop up after the two-dimensional electronic cataloging interface is drawn, for cataloging personnel to click and pull down to select, thereby improving the input efficiency of on-site cataloging personnel, reducing errors and inconsistencies in manual input, improving the standardization of geological descriptions, and facilitating subsequent automatic extraction of fields for data analysis and text output.

[0067] The attribute information of the geological object may be the formation type, lithology, rock type, genesis type, etc. For example, the formation type of formation lithology 1 is bedrock, the lithology is sandstone, the rock type is relatively soft rock, the genesis type is sedimentary rock, and the formation strike is a dip of 15° and a dip of 33°; the formation type of formation lithology 2 is bedrock, the lithology is mudstone, the rock type is soft rock, the genesis type is metamorphic rock, and the formation strike is a dip of 15° and a dip of 33°; the formation type of formation lithology 3 is bedrock, the lithology is dolomite, the rock type is medium-hard rock, the genesis type is metamorphic rock, and the formation strike is a dip of 18° and a dip of 28°; the fault type of the structural surface is a normal fault, the filling condition is quartz filling, the structural surface grade is grade I, and the structural type is a compression zone; the seepage type of linear seepage in groundwater seepage is a rising spring.

[0068] S5. Project the geological boundaries drawn in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system onto the three-dimensional model in the overall engineering coordinate system according to the first conversion relationship and the second conversion relationship.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, step S5 specifically includes: restoring the geological boundary drawn in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system to the local three-dimensional coordinate system according to the second transformation relationship, converting the geological boundary drawn in the local three-dimensional coordinate system to the overall engineering coordinate system according to the first transformation relationship, and finally projecting the restored geological boundary onto the three-dimensional model according to the projection direction determined by the two-dimensional projection coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional geological boundary.

[0070] In practical applications, first, according to the second transformation relationship between the two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the coordinate information of the two-dimensional geological boundary catalog in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system is restored to the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and then according to the first transformation relationship between the local three-dimensional coordinate system and the overall coordinate system of the project, the geological boundary catalog in the local three-dimensional coordinate system is converted to the overall coordinate system of the project. Finally, according to the type of projection surface and the projection direction, the two-dimensional geological boundary is projected onto the excavation surface of the dam base plate of the three-dimensional model in the overall coordinate system of the project to restore the three-dimensional geological boundary.

[0071] See also Figures 13 to 15 After restoring the local 3D coordinate system, the following steps are used to restore the 3D geological boundary for each 2D horizontal projection coordinate system:

[0072] First, in the two-dimensional horizontal projection coordinate system, the conversion relationship between the local three-dimensional coordinate system is determined; then, the geological boundaries marked on the corresponding projection plane are mapped back to the local three-dimensional coordinate system of the entire project through the above conversion relationship; finally, these geological boundaries are projected vertically onto the excavation surface of the dam base plate of the three-dimensional model to complete the geological cataloging of the dam base plate.

[0073] In summary, the graphical geological cataloging method of the dam base plate provided in the embodiment of the present application combines the two-step process of traditional on-site collection and electronic transcription. The cataloging personnel only need to follow the traditional two-dimensional cataloging habits, outline the geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in the set two-dimensional projection coordinate system, obtain the geometric information of the geological boundaries, and quickly and standardly enter the attribute information of the geological objects from the defined dictionary library according to the cataloging direction and the topological relationship between the geological boundaries, thereby reducing the manual errors of the process and the secondary transcription. Moreover, the process is still connected to the on-site cataloging, avoiding the problem that the three-dimensional image cataloging cannot observe the inside of the geological body due to the accuracy and viewing angle of aerial photography and still needs on-site observation and cataloging. After the outline is completed, the connection between the geological object and the inside of the geological boundary is established according to the topological relationship of the geological object, so as to solve the problem that the traditional method cannot determine the spatial scope of the geological body due to the lack of this relationship and conducts in-depth analysis of complex geological relationships. And according to the set The standard dictionary library records the corresponding attribute information in a standardized manner, which solves the inconsistency and error-proneness of personal input, and the standardized input is highly efficient, which facilitates the subsequent electronic extraction of fields for data statistical analysis. After the projection surface of the dam base plate is cataloged, that is, after the excavation construction is completed, the geological boundaries cataloged in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected onto the excavation surface of the three-dimensional model according to the projection surface and projection direction of the local three-dimensional coordinate system based on the data source, which is not limited to three-dimensional images, design parameter modeling, etc., on the three-dimensional excavation surface model of the dam base plate established according to the overall coordinate system of the project, and three-dimensional restoration is performed. In addition, the information obtained from other survey objects is combined for comparative analysis, which is convenient for docking with subsequent three-dimensional expansion applications, such as three-dimensional geological modeling, three-dimensional calculation analysis, etc. It complies with the existing survey cataloging process, that is, two-dimensional cataloging first and then unified restoration of three-dimensional geology, which meets the requirements of professional division of labor and solves the problem that direct three-dimensional aerial photography requires extremely high-frequency updates.

[0074] Based on the above technical solution, this embodiment also proposes a graphical geological logging device for a dam base plate, which is used to implement the steps of the graphical geological logging method for a dam base plate as described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0075] It can be understood that since the graphical geological cataloging device for the dam base plate described in the embodiment of the present application is a device for implementing the graphical geological cataloging method for the dam base plate described in the embodiment, for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method, which will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A graphical geological cataloging method for a dam base plate, characterized in that: The method comprises: Defining a local three-dimensional coordinate system according to the overall coordinate system of the project, and constructing a first conversion relationship between the overall coordinate system of the project and the local three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the overall coordinate system of the project has a three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam base plate; Selecting a plurality of projection surfaces in the local three-dimensional coordinate system, establishing a two-dimensional projection coordinate system on each projection surface, and constructing a second conversion relationship between each two-dimensional projection coordinate system and the local three-dimensional coordinate system; Determine the cataloging scope, cataloging direction and topological relationship between geological objects of the dam base plate, outline geological boundaries corresponding to the geological objects in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system according to the cataloging scope and cataloging direction, and establish topological relationship between geological boundaries according to the topological relationship between the geological objects; Establishing a standard dictionary library including standard fields and custom fields, and entering attribute information of geological objects according to the standard dictionary library; According to the first conversion relationship and the second conversion relationship, the geological boundaries drawn in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system are projected and restored onto the three-dimensional model in the overall engineering coordinate system.

2. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local three-dimensional coordinate system is defined according to the engineering overall coordinate system of the dam base plate, including: In the three-dimensional model of the excavation surface of the dam foundation slab, determine the dam foundation axis of a preset height, select a point on the dam foundation axis as the origin, take the straight line where the dam foundation axis is located as the horizontal axis, take the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the horizontal plane as the longitudinal axis, and take the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the horizontal axis on the vertical plane as the vertical axis to construct a local three-dimensional coordinate system.

3. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preset height is the dam top height, and the origin is the midpoint of the dam foundation axis.

4. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional projection coordinate system includes a first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, a second two-dimensional projection coordinate system and a third two-dimensional projection coordinate system. The origin of each two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the origin of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the horizontal axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical axis of the second two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system, and the vertical axis of the third two-dimensional projection coordinate system coincides with the vertical axis of the local three-dimensional coordinate system.

5. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: In the first two-dimensional projection coordinate system, for continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary and the end point boundary of the geological objects are identified within the cataloging range according to the cataloging direction defined by the arrangement direction, and the end point boundary of the previous geological object is the starting point boundary of the next geological object; for non-continuously arranged geological objects, the starting point boundary is determined within the cataloging range according to the specified cataloging direction, and the end point boundary is determined by offsetting along the cataloging direction according to the measured thickness of the geological objects; for geological objects of intrusive bodies, closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries; for geological objects with linear seepage of groundwater, non-closed lines are used to outline the corresponding geological boundaries.

6. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The continuously arranged geological objects at least include stratum lithology, rock mass structural segmentation, weathering zone, unloading zone, groundwater segmentation and karst, and the discontinuously arranged geological objects at least include structural surfaces and sliding surfaces.

7. The graphical geological logging method of the dam basement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the catalog scope includes: In a two-dimensional projection coordinate system, a rectangular frame is established by specifying the value range of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, and the cataloging range is determined based on the established rectangular frame.

8. The graphical geological logging method of the dam basement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Entering the attribute information of the geological object according to the standard dictionary library specifically includes: In the geological cataloging interface, standard fields and custom fields are displayed in a drop-down manner, and the fields selected by the user are used as the attribute information of the corresponding geological object.

9. The graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Project the geological boundaries drawn in each two-dimensional projection coordinate system back to the three-dimensional model in the overall project coordinate system, including: According to the second transformation relationship, the geological boundary drawn in the two-dimensional projection coordinate system is restored to the local three-dimensional coordinate system. According to the first transformation relationship, the geological boundary drawn in the local three-dimensional coordinate system is converted to the overall engineering coordinate system. Finally, the restored geological boundary is projected onto the three-dimensional model according to the projection direction determined by the two-dimensional projection coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional geological boundary.

10. A graphical geological recording device for a dam base plate, characterized in that: The device is used to implement the steps of the graphical geological logging method of the dam base plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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