Practical training teaching aid for simulating building floor axis construction lofting and simulation method
By designing practical training aids and methods that simulate building floor axis construction stake, the problem that schools cannot conduct building floor axis construction stake training on campus is solved, and efficient and accurate practical training is achieved on campus, which improves students' practice Skills and teaching effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411475552.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-22
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
AI Technical Summary
The school lacks a simulated construction staked link in the construction floor axis in the construction professional measurement training course, which makes it impossible for students to conduct axis staked training on campus close to the actual construction site, resulting in disconnection between the construction site staked and the school measurement training.
A practical training aid and corresponding simulation method for staking the construction of the building floor axis including desks, line hammers, total stations, ink buckets and tape measure were designed, and the operation roof and reference base plates of the desks were carried out through the operation of the desks, magnetic steel bars, and marking plates. and components such as total station simulate the construction planing process of building floor axis, and combine the inner-division method of tape measure to achieve highly authentic training on campus.
This teaching aid and method improves the authenticity and accuracy of teaching, enhances students' practical skills, reduces construction errors, is multifunctional, stable, flexible and environmentally friendly, and is suitable for teaching needs of projects of different sizes.
Smart Images
Figure HDA0005096003270000011 
Figure HDA0005096003270000021 
Figure HDA0005096003270000031
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of construction measurement, and relates to a teaching aid, in particular to a practical training teaching aid and a simulation method for simulating the construction setting out of building floor axes. Background Art
[0002] Floor axis construction layout is an important part of construction engineering, which involves the positioning and size determination of buildings. Floor axis construction layout is an important step to ensure the accurate positioning of each part of the building. Accurate layout can effectively reduce errors and rework in subsequent construction and ensure the quality of the project. Through careful preparation, standardized operation and rigorous inspection, the best layout effect can be achieved.
[0003] In the teaching of architectural surveying practice courses, it is not realistic for the school to send students to the construction site to complete the construction and layout of the building floor axis. In addition, because the school's conventional surveying practice does not have the conditions to set up the construction and layout of the building floor axis, students cannot master the construction and layout of the building floor axis on the construction site, resulting in the disconnection between the construction site layout and the school's surveying practice.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a teaching aid that simulates the construction layout of floor axes, so that students can carry out axis layout training close to the actual construction site on campus. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art and to propose a training teaching aid and a simulation method for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes.
[0006] The objective of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a practical training teaching aid for simulating the construction layout of the axis of a building floor, comprising a box-shell-shaped desk, a plumb bob, a total station, an ink fountain and a measuring tape, wherein an opening is arranged on the peripheral side of the desk, the desk has an operating top plate and a reference bottom plate, a support column is fixedly connected between the operating top plate and the reference bottom plate, at least two wiring holes are provided on the operating top plate, and a reference point is marked on the reference bottom plate facing the wiring holes; a disposable desktop is covered on the operating top plate, through holes are provided on the disposable desktop corresponding to the wiring holes, a plurality of wall column marks are engraved on the disposable desktop, and simulated steel bars are placed on the plurality of wall column marks in a one-to-one correspondence, and the simulated steel bars are fixed to the operating top plate by magnetic attraction; a marking plate is placed on the wiring hole, a plumb bob is hung on the marking plate, and the hammer tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point on the reference bottom plate, a total station is placed on one control point of the disposable desktop, and a prism is placed on the other control point.
[0007] In the above-mentioned practical teaching aid for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, the layout hole is a square hole, a cross is engraved on the reference base plate, and the intersection of the cross is the reference point.
[0008] In the above-mentioned training teaching aid for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, a step edge is arranged on the inner periphery of the layout hole, and a movable overlapping sealing cover is arranged on the step edge, and the sealing cover is a square cover plate that matches the square hole opening.
[0009] In the above-mentioned training teaching aid for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, the simulated steel bar includes a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, a magnetic plate is arranged in the operating top plate, and the magnetic base is adsorbed to the magnetic plate.
[0010] In the above-mentioned training teaching aid for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, the simulated steel bar includes a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, an iron plate is arranged in the operating top plate, and the magnetic base is adsorbed to the iron plate.
[0011] In the above-mentioned training teaching aids for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, the marking plate is specifically a long wooden board, the length of the marking plate is greater than the specification of the layout hole, and the marking plate is arranged parallel to any right-angled side of the layout hole.
[0012] In the above-mentioned practical teaching aids for simulating the construction layout of the building floor axis, several desks are assembled in a matrix, a disposable table top is laid on the operating top plate of each desk, and the wall column markings on several disposable table tops constitute the overall layout of the same floor.
[0013] A simulation method for a practical training aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes, comprising the following steps:
[0014] S1. Keep the laying hole unobstructed, align the disposable tabletop and lay it on the operating top plate of the desk, and then place the simulated steel bars to the corresponding positions according to the wall column marks to form magnetic fixation, thereby forming a simulated layout structure of the building floor;
[0015] S2. Hang the line of the plumb bob on the marking plate, place the marking plate on the setting-out hole, slowly lower the plumb bob from the setting-out hole until the tip of the plumb bob touches the reference base plate and stops, move the plumb bob and the line so that the tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point on the reference base plate, stop the plumb bob, and then make a projection mark at the intersection of the marking plate and the line, thereby completing the projection mark of the reference points of the two setting-out holes;
[0016] S3. Set up the total station on a control point of the disposable desktop, and set up the prism on another control point of the disposable desktop; use the crosshair center of the telescope of the total station to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the projection point measurement between the axis control points and on the extension line, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line; rotate the total station 90°, use the crosshair center of the telescope to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the main axis measurement in the 90° direction, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line;
[0017] S4. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the axis on the desktop at one time;
[0018] S5. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the wall and column edges on the desktop at one time.
[0019] In the above simulation method, when the desk is used for writing, a blocking cover is used to fit into the wiring hole to make the operating top plate of the desk flat and complete.
[0020] In the above simulation method, when the area of an operating top plate cannot cover the layout of the entire floor, the number of desks required is calculated based on the actual required area, and several desks are spliced together. The disposable desktops on each desk are marked with corresponding wall columns in local positions, and all disposable desktops are spliced together to complete the overall floor layout.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the training teaching aid and simulation method for simulating the construction layout of building floor axes have the following beneficial effects:
[0022] 1. Innovation of practical training aids: The present invention incorporates a floor model on the basis of a desk, and further cooperates with measuring tools to create a scaled-down construction site that is close to reality, thereby realizing practical training of building floor axis construction layout on campus. It has real and vivid teaching characteristics, which is conducive to improving students' practical skills.
[0023] 2. Multi-function and convenience: The setting of the operating top plate and the reference bottom plate effectively improves the accuracy and convenience of measurement. At the same time, the use of the blocking cover allows the desk to be used as an ordinary writing table when not conducting practical training, increasing the versatility of the teaching aid.
[0024] 3. Structural stability: The rectangular structure of the desk and the parallel top and bottom plate design enhance the overall stability and durability. During the lofting process, the steel bars on the top plate can be firmly fixed by magnetism, avoiding errors caused by improper operation and ensuring the accuracy of the simulated lofting.
[0025] 4. Accurate projection and marking: The combination of plumb bob and marking plate can effectively carry out accurate projection and measurement of reference points to ensure the verticality and accuracy of measurement. Through correct projection and measurement, it can effectively guide the subsequent layout work and reduce the construction errors caused by inaccurate marking.
[0026] 5. Flexible combination design: By combining multiple desks, the operating area can be expanded according to actual needs to meet the teaching needs of projects of different scales. This flexible design makes the teaching aids more adaptable in teaching and can serve different course contents and teaching objectives.
[0027] 6. Easy-to-operate measurement method: The total station and tape measure internal division method involved in the simulation method combine modern measurement technology and traditional construction methods, making it easier for students to master a variety of measurement techniques. The method is clear and easy to understand, making the learning process smoother and helping students improve their skills in a short period of time.
[0028] 7. Environmentally friendly and reusable: Although the disposable desktop design can be quickly replaced during the training process, the overall structure of the teaching aid can be used multiple times, reducing material waste. At the same time, the design of the magnetic base allows the layout of the simulated steel bars to be adjusted multiple times, making full use of resources.
[0029] In summary, the present invention not only improves the effectiveness and practicability of teaching in the practical training process of simulating the construction layout of building floor axes, but also provides students with a better learning experience through innovative design and flexible operation methods, and has significant market value and application potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 It is the exploded structural diagram of the monomer desk of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the monomer desk used in the present invention.
[0032] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the combined desk of the present invention.
[0033] In the figure, 1. operating top plate; 1a. laying-out hole; 2. reference bottom plate; 2a. reference point; 3. disposable table top; 3a. through hole; 4. simulated steel bar; 5. sealing cover; 6. desk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0035] Embodiment 1
[0036] like Figure 1 and2 As shown, the practical training teaching aid for simulating the construction and layout of the axis of the building floor includes a box-shaped desk 6, a plumb bob, a total station, an ink fountain and a measuring tape. The four sides of the desk 6 are open. The desk 6 has an operating top plate 1 and a reference bottom plate 2. The operating top plate 1 and the reference bottom plate 2 are fixedly connected with support columns. At least two wiring holes 1a are provided on the operating top plate 1, and the reference bottom plate 2 marks the reference point 2a opposite to the wiring hole 1a; the operating top plate 1 is covered with a disposable desktop 3, and the disposable desktop 3 has a through hole 3a corresponding to the wiring hole 1a. A plurality of wall column marks are engraved on the disposable desktop 3, and simulated steel bars 4 are placed on the plurality of wall column marks in a one-to-one correspondence, and the simulated steel bars 4 are fixed to the operating top plate 1 by magnetic attraction; a marking plate is placed on the wiring hole 1a, and a plumb bob is hung on the marking plate, and the hammer tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point 2a on the reference bottom plate 2. The plumb bob is combined with the marking plate to accurately project the reference point to the wiring hole 1a of the disposable desktop 3, and complete the measurement and layout of the two control points of the desktop. A total station is placed on one of the control points of the disposable table 3, and a prism is placed on the other control point. The main axis is measured and set using the instrument projection method, and then the remaining axes and wall column edges are measured and set using the tape measure internal division method.
[0037] The desk 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, with the operating top plate 1 and the reference bottom plate 2 being parallel to each other, and the two being fixedly connected by at least two side plates. When used in traditional learning, the operating top plate 1 is used as a writing surface, the legs are placed under the writing surface through the opening, and the feet are placed on the reference bottom plate 2. When simulating the construction and setting out of the axis of a building floor, the operating top plate 1 is used as a measuring floor, and the operating top plate 1 and the reference bottom plate 2 are entered through the opening to perform vertical projection operations.
[0038] The laying hole 1a is a square hole, and a cross is engraved on the reference bottom plate 2, and the intersection of the cross is the reference point 2a. The horizontal and vertical sides of the cross are parallel to the two right-angled sides of the square hole.
[0039] A step edge is arranged on the inner periphery of the wire laying hole 1a, and a movable overlapping plugging cover 5 is arranged on the step edge, and the plugging cover 5 is a square cover plate that matches the square hole. The plugging cover 5 is supported by the step edge to prevent it from falling from the wire laying hole 1a; the plugging cover 5 is used to close and fill the wire laying hole 1a for traditional learning and writing.
[0040] The following two solutions can be used to simulate the magnetic fixation of the steel bar 4:
[0041] Solution 1: The simulated steel bar 4 includes a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, a magnetic plate is arranged in the operating top plate 1, and the magnetic base and the magnetic plate are adsorbed. Two magnetic structures are used to form magnetic attraction to complete the layout of the simulated steel bar 4 on the disposable table 3. Apply force to overcome the magnetic attraction to pick up the simulated steel bar 4, and multiple rearrangements can be performed.
[0042] Solution 2: The simulated steel bar 4 includes a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, an iron plate is arranged in the operating top plate 1, and the magnetic base and the iron plate are attracted to each other. The characteristic of magnets to attract iron is used to complete the layout of the simulated steel bar 4 on the disposable table 3. Applying force to overcome the magnetic attraction to pick up the simulated steel bar 4 can be rearranged multiple times.
[0043] The marking board is specifically a long strip of wood, the length of which is greater than the specification of the line-laying hole 1a, and the marking board is arranged parallel to any right angle side of the line-laying hole 1a. The long strip of wood is placed parallel to the square hole, so as to be parallel to the horizontal or vertical direction of the cross below, so as to accurately determine the vertical projection of the reference point 2a.
[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, a number of desks 6 are assembled in a matrix, a disposable table top 3 is laid on the operating top plate 1 of each desk 6, and the wall column markings on the disposable table tops 3 form an overall layout of the same floor.
[0045] When the area of a desktop cannot cover the layout of the entire floor, an appropriate number of desks 6 can be combined by splicing according to actual needs to cope with the corresponding required area. The corresponding local wall column logo is set on the disposable desktop 3 on each desk 6, and the entire floor layout is completed by splicing all the disposable desktops 3.
[0046] Embodiment 2
[0047] Based on the first embodiment, the difference of this embodiment is that:
[0048] A simulation method for a practical training aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes, comprising the following steps:
[0049] S1. Keep the wire-laying hole 1a unobstructed, align the disposable tabletop 3 and lay it on the operating top plate 1 of the desk 6, and then place the simulated steel bars 4 to the corresponding positions according to the wall column marks to form magnetic fixation, thereby forming a simulated layout structure of the building floor;
[0050] S2. Hang the line of the plumb bob on the marking plate, place the marking plate on the wiring hole 1a, slowly lower the plumb bob from the wiring hole 1a until the tip of the plumb bob touches the reference base plate 2 and stops, move the plumb bob and the line so that the tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point 2a on the reference base plate 2, stop the plumb bob, and then make a projection mark at the intersection of the marking plate and the line, thereby completing the projection mark of the reference point 2a of the two wiring holes 1a, that is, forming a control point in each wiring hole 1a; when lowering the plumb bob, stop laying out the line when the tip of the plumb bob is close to the reference base plate 2 and just touches it, so as to ensure that the line and the plumb bob are in a free state under the action of gravity, that is, to ensure the verticality of the plumb bob.
[0051] S3, set up the total station on a control point of the disposable desktop 3, and set up the prism on another control point of the disposable desktop 3; use the crosshair center of the telescope of the total station to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the projection point surveying and setting between the axis control points and on the extension line, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line; rotate the total station 90°, use the crosshair center of the telescope to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the main axis surveying and setting in the 90° direction, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line;
[0052] S4. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the axis on the disposable table top 3; the tape measure internal division method is a prior art in this field, so it will not be described in detail here.
[0053] S5. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the wall and column edge lines on the disposable table top 3. The tape measure internal division method is a prior art in the field, so it will not be described in detail here.
[0054] When the desk 6 is used for writing, the blocking cover 5 is used to fit into the wiring hole 1a, so that the operating top plate 1 of the desk 6 is flush and complete.
[0055] When the area of an operating top plate 1 cannot cover the layout of the entire floor, the number of required desks 6 is calculated according to the actual required area, and several desks 6 are spliced together. The disposable desktop 3 on each desk 6 is correspondingly provided with a wall column mark at a local position, and all disposable desktops 3 are spliced together to complete the overall floor layout. The desktop area is expanded by matrix splicing, so as to be closer to the actual construction layout of the building floor axis. The remaining measurement steps are the same as the simulation method of a single desk 6, and will not be repeated here.
[0056] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. A person skilled in the art of the present invention may make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the defined scope. Although the present invention is described and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description, such descriptions and descriptions are considered to be illustrative or exemplary rather than restrictive. It should be understood that within the scope of the following claims, changes and modifications may be made by a person of ordinary skill. Specifically, the present invention encompasses additional embodiments having any combination of features from the above-mentioned different embodiments. With respect to the use of the expression "generally" or "substantially", this patent application should be understood to disclose that these features and values are also fully satisfied, i.e., there is no aforementioned characterization as "generally" or "substantially".
[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
Claims
1. A training tool for simulating the construction and setting out of the axis of a building floor, comprising a box-shaped desk, a plumb bob, a total station, an ink fountain and a measuring tape, wherein an opening is arranged on the periphery of the desk, and the teaching tool is characterized in that: The desk comprises an operating top plate and a reference bottom plate, a support column is fixedly connected between the operating top plate and the reference bottom plate, at least two wiring holes are provided on the operating top plate, and reference points are marked on the reference bottom plate opposite to the wiring holes; a disposable table top is covered with a disposable table top, through holes are provided on the disposable table top corresponding to the wiring holes, a number of wall column marks are engraved on the disposable table top, simulated steel bars are placed on the wall column marks in one-to-one correspondence, and the simulated steel bars are magnetically fixed to the operating top plate; a marking plate is placed on the wiring holes, a plumb bob is hung on the marking plate, the tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point on the reference bottom plate, a total station is placed on one control point of the disposable table top, and a prism is placed on the other control point.
2. The training aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying-out hole is a square hole, a cross is engraved on the reference bottom plate, and the intersection of the cross is the reference point.
3. The training teaching aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A step edge is arranged on the inner circumference of the wiring hole, and a movable overlapping sealing cover is formed on the step edge, and the sealing cover is a square cover plate which matches the square hole opening.
4. The training aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated steel bar comprises a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, a magnetic plate is arranged in the operating top plate, and the magnetic base is adsorbed to the magnetic plate.
5. The training teaching aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated steel bar comprises a magnetic base, a steel bar body is fixed on the magnetic base, an iron plate is arranged in the operating top plate, and the magnetic base is adsorbed to the iron plate.
6. The training teaching aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The marking plate is specifically a long strip of wood, the length of the marking plate is greater than the specification of the wiring hole, and the marking plate is arranged parallel to any right-angled side of the wiring hole.
7. The training teaching aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A number of the desks are assembled in a matrix, a disposable tabletop is laid on the operating top plate of each desk, and the wall column markings on the several disposable tabletops form an overall layout on the same floor.
8. A simulation method for a training aid for simulating the construction and setting out of building floor axes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Keep the laying hole unobstructed, align the disposable tabletop and lay it on the operating top plate of the desk, and then place the simulated steel bars to the corresponding positions according to the wall column marks to form magnetic fixation, thereby forming a simulated layout structure of the building floor; S2. Hang the line of the plumb bob on the marking plate, place the marking plate on the setting-out hole, slowly lower the plumb bob from the setting-out hole until the tip of the plumb bob touches the reference base plate and stops, move the plumb bob and the line so that the tip of the plumb bob is aligned with the reference point on the reference base plate, stop the plumb bob, and then make a projection mark at the intersection of the marking plate and the line, thereby completing the projection mark of the reference points of the two setting-out holes; S3. Set up the total station on a control point of the disposable desktop, and set up the prism on another control point of the disposable desktop; use the crosshair center of the telescope of the total station to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the projection point measurement between the axis control points and on the extension line, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line; rotate the total station 90°, use the crosshair center of the telescope to aim at the prism, tighten the horizontal brake screw, complete the main axis measurement in the 90° direction, and then use the ink fountain to draw the ink fountain line according to the surveying line; S4. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the axis on the desktop at one time; S5. Use the tape measure internal division method to complete the measurement and layout of the wall and column edges on the desktop at one time.
9. The simulation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the desk is used for writing, a blocking cover is used to fit into the wiring hole to make the operating top plate of the desk flat and complete.
10. The simulation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the area of an operating top plate cannot cover the layout of the entire floor, the number of desks required is calculated based on the actual required area, and several desks are joined together. The disposable desktops on each desk are marked with corresponding wall columns in local positions, and all disposable desktops are joined together to complete the overall floor layout.