Method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low-altitude and weak-base land area

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transplanting old tea seedlings in a low-altitude and weak-base land area. According to the method, transplantable finished-product old tea seedlings are rapidly cultivated by using a twice in-situ root cutting technology; a light environment is combined around the pre-built planting tea garden, and a low-sunlight light condition suitable for the growth of tea seedlings is built; weakly alkaline soil is improved into weakly acidic soil suitable for growth of tea seedlings through a soil improvement technology; a microclimate condition of the air humidity of the tea seedling native land is built in the tea garden through the fog forest technology; cultivated container tea seedlings are planted in a high ridging and deep ditching mode, drainage and air permeability of roots of tea trees are guaranteed, and the problem that a tea garden with good growth cannot be built under the microclimate and soil conditions of a low-altitude weak-base land area is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of landscape garden construction, in particular to a method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas. Background Art

[0002] Tea is a common drink, and also a special garden that has become increasingly important in scenic area construction, especially botanical garden construction in recent years. Through on-site demonstrations of tea picking, production, sales, and popular science, it can increase the participation of tourists, attract consumption, and generate significant economic benefits. At present, most traditional tea gardens are built in low-latitude, high-altitude, little sunshine, cloudy and foggy, and weakly acidic soil environments. This environment is mostly mountainous, and the microclimate and soil conditions in low-altitude weakly alkaline soil areas are difficult to meet the good growth of tea seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas. The method of the present invention does not require cultivation from seedling planting, and does not require selection of a high-altitude, low-sunlight, cloudy and foggy, weakly acidic soil environment that is completely suitable for the growth of tea trees in mountainous areas. Old tea seedlings can be used to build tea gardens in ordinary low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas, effectively solving the problem that the microclimate and soil conditions in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas cannot build a well-growing tea garden.

[0004] A method for transplanting old and strong tea seedlings in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas specifically comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1, using old tea seedlings to cultivate transplantable container tea seedlings;

[0006] S2, improve the weak alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site located in the low-altitude, weak alkaline soil area into weakly acidic soil rich in aluminum;

[0007] S3, set up tree clusters outside the proposed tea garden site to create low-sunlight conditions suitable for the growth of tea seedlings;

[0008] S4, uses the method of high ridges and deep trenches to plant and cultivate container tea seedlings, and sets up a mist forest system in the tea garden to create the air humidity environment of the tea seedlings' native habitat.

[0009] Preferably, the specific steps of cultivating the transplantable container tea seedlings using the old tea seedlings in step S1 are:

[0010] In autumn, a part of the roots of mature old tea seedlings will be pruned once, and after a sufficient interval, the remaining roots will be pruned a second time.

[0011] Then, in the spring of the following year, the tea seedlings that have been root-cut are placed in nutrient pots and transplanted on the spot to slow down the growth of the seedlings. During the root-cutting and slowing down of the seedlings, water, fertilizer, pruning and maintenance management should be strengthened;

[0012] After the seedlings in the nutrient pots have grown for about a month, they can be planted in batches.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of performing root cutting treatment on the roots of mature old tea seedlings are:

[0014] Disinfect the shovel before root removal;

[0015] Use a sharp shovel to divide the roots of mature old tea seedlings into equal parts according to a circle, and remove the roots one by one. After the roots are removed, use a rooting agent to irrigate the roots.

[0016] During the root cutting and cultivation period, the old tea seedlings to be transplanted are pruned and leaf removed using the full crown pruning technique. More than one-third of the branches in the crown are removed, half of the leaves on the remaining branches are removed, and the branches of the current year are "pinched".

[0017] Preferably, the roots of the old tea seedlings are cut off once using a sharp shovel by dividing the roots into four or six parts in a ring shape and removing every other part.

[0018] Preferably, the water and fertilizer maintenance management during the root cutting and seedling acclimatization process includes using water-soluble amino acids and humic acid fertilizers for root irrigation and foliar spraying, and using plant growth regulators for foliar spraying to improve the stress resistance of tea seedlings and the quality of tea leaves.

[0019] Preferably, the specific steps of improving the weakly alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site into weakly acidic soil rich in aluminum in step S2 are:

[0020] First, the earthwork elevation of the proposed tea garden site should be controlled below the design elevation by 30cm;

[0021] Then, deep tillage is performed by applying aluminum sulfate and cake fertilizer to the soil layer at a specific depth on the surface of the soil as a base fertilizer and isolation layer;

[0022] Then, according to the variety of tea seedlings, native soil is purchased from the seedling source and backfilled on top of the base fertilizer and isolation layer as the planting layer (the finished surface elevation after planting reaches ±0cm).

[0023] Preferably, the tree group in step S3 includes circumferential trees arranged around the proposed tea garden site, and lateral trees added in the east and west directions of the circumferential trees.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps of arbor groups are arranged outside the planned tea garden site to create low-sunlight conditions suitable for the growth of tea seedlings are:

[0025] First, multiple rows of circumferential trees are evenly planted around the proposed tea garden site;

[0026] Then, at least one row of lateral trees is planted equidistantly in the east-west direction of the circumferential trees to serve as side shading to reduce the direct light cycle and increase the diffuse reflectance of light.

[0027] Preferably, the circumferential trees are plane trees with a height of 8m-10m and a crown width of more than 5 meters, and the lateral trees are seedling ginkgo trees with a height of more than 8m and a plant spacing of 5m.

[0028] Preferably, when the container tea seedlings are planted and cultivated by the method of high ridges and deep trenches in step S4, double rows of container tea seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the trenches between the ridges are used as tea picking channels and horizontal drainage channels. A longitudinal drainage channel perpendicular to the ridge is set at a set distance along the length of the ridge.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] 1. The present invention utilizes two in-situ root cutting techniques to quickly cultivate transplantable finished old tea seedlings; and combines the lighting environment around the pre-built tea garden to create a low-sunlight lighting condition suitable for the growth of tea seedlings; improves the weak alkaline soil to a weakly acidic soil suitable for the growth of tea seedlings through soil improvement technology; uses fog spraying technology to create a microclimate condition of air humidity in the original habitat of the tea seedlings in the tea garden; and plants the cultivated container tea seedlings by high ridges and deep trenching to ensure the drainage and air permeability of the roots of the tea trees, effectively solving the problem that the microclimate and soil conditions in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas cannot build a tea garden with good growth. The present invention does not need to start cultivation from seedling planting, and does not need to select a high-altitude, low-sunlight, cloudy, and weakly acidic soil environment that is completely suitable for the growth of tea trees in mountainous areas. Finished old tea seedlings can be used to build tea gardens in ordinary low-altitude flat land and weakly alkaline soil areas.

[0031] 2. The present invention utilizes old tea seedlings from mature tea gardens to cultivate transplantable container tea seedlings with a high survival rate through two root cutting techniques, which effectively solves the problem of no finished transplantable container old tea seedlings in the market and the seedling source problem. The tea seedlings that have been subjected to two in-situ root cutting treatments and filled with nutrient pots have a survival rate of more than 90% before transplanting, greatly reducing the investment cost.

[0032] 3. The present invention utilizes soil improvement technology to solve the problem of weakly acidic soil required by tea seedlings. It is only necessary to acidify the soil layer at a specific depth on the soil surface and backfill the surface with native soil purchased from the seedling source. This not only reduces the amount of soil replacement and saves costs, but also improves the survival rate of tea seedlings.

[0033] 4. The tree group consisting of plane trees and seedling ginkgo trees arranged on the periphery of the proposed tea garden site in the present invention can not only meet the landscape requirements, but also increase the diffuse reflection of light. At the same time, the seedling ginkgo trees provide lateral shade in the east-west direction of the proposed tea garden, which can reduce the direct illumination period and increase the diffuse reflection rate of light to create a little sunlight habitat. In addition, the fog forest system regulates the environmental humidity, which effectively solves the microclimate environmental problem and further improves the survival rate of tea seedlings.

[0034] 5. The present invention cultivates container tea seedlings by adopting the method of high ridges and deep trenches, and effectively solves the drainage and ventilation problems of the roots of tea trees through the vertical and horizontal drainage channels arranged between the ridges, thereby further improving the survival rate of the tea seedlings.

[0035] 6. The present invention simulates the microclimate environment of the original habitat of tea seedlings, which has little sunlight, weakly acidic soil and high humidity, by setting up large trees, improving weakly alkaline soil, increasing humidity through the mist forest system and planting on high ridges, thus effectively solving the survival problem of tea seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of using a sharp shovel to divide the root system of mature old tea seedlings into four equal parts in a ring shape, removing every other root.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of using a sharp shovel to divide the root system of mature old tea seedlings into six equal parts in a ring shape, removing every other root. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described below by the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0041] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0042] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used in the present disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information.

[0043] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The present invention provides a method for transplanting old and strong tea seedlings in low-altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1, using old tea seedlings to cultivate transplantable container tea seedlings.

[0046] The specific steps for cultivating transplantable container tea seedlings are:

[0047] First, in autumn, a part of the roots of the mature old tea seedlings are pruned once, and after a sufficient interval, the remaining roots are pruned again. Specifically, the sharp shovel is disinfected with 75% alcohol before root pruning. After disinfection, the roots of the mature old tea seedlings are pruned once in a half circle (preferably, the roots can be pruned once in a way of dividing the ring into four or six equal parts, and removing one every other part, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 After the roots are cut off, use a rooting agent (such as 500 times diluted Guoguang Genpan, which is a compound rooting agent containing NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) and indolebutyric acid (IBA), which can simultaneously promote the healing growth of the main root wound and stimulate the growth of capillary roots) to irrigate the roots;

[0048] During the root cutting and cultivation period, the old tea seedlings to be transplanted are pruned and leaves are removed using the full crown pruning technique. More than one-third of the branches in the full crown are thinned out, and half of the leaves of the remaining branches are removed. The branches of the current year are also "pinched" to reduce water evaporation and weaken apical dominance, so as to promote the recovery and growth of the root system.

[0049] After an interval of at least two months, perform a second root pruning treatment on the remaining half of the root system according to the above method and steps.

[0050] Then, in the spring of the following year, the tea seedlings that have been root-cut are placed in nutrient pots and then transplanted on site to allow them to grow slowly. During the root-cutting and seedling-aging process, water and fertilizer maintenance management should be strengthened. Specifically, water and fertilizer maintenance management during the root-cutting and seedling-aging process includes but is not limited to using water-soluble amino acids and humic acid fertilizers for root irrigation and foliar spraying, using plant growth regulators (such as brassinolide, etc.) to spray the leaves to improve the stress resistance of the tea seedlings and the quality of tea leaves, pruning branches and leaves, etc.

[0051] After the seedlings in the nutrient pots have grown for about a month, they can be planted in batches.

[0052] Preferably, the first root pruning treatment of the old tea seedlings to be transplanted is best carried out in mid-November. After the first root pruning is completed, the second root pruning treatment is carried out on the remaining half of the roots in early January of the following year. Then, the tea seedlings that have undergone root pruning are placed in nutrient pots and transplanted on the spot at the end of February to acclimate the seedlings. After the seedlings in the nutrient pots have been acclimatized for about a month, they are planted in batches at the end of March and the planting is completed by the end of April.

[0053] S2, improve the weakly alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site located in a low-altitude, weakly alkaline soil area into a weakly acidic soil rich in aluminum.

[0054] The specific steps to improve the weakly alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site are:

[0055] Firstly, the earthwork elevation of the proposed tea garden site should be controlled below the design elevation by 30cm.

[0056] Then, deep tillage is performed by applying aluminum sulfate and cake fertilizer to the soil layer at a specific depth on the surface of the soil as base fertilizer and isolation layer. Since tea trees are acidic, aluminum-loving, and calcium-averse plants, the pH value of the soil suitable for their growth is between 4.5 and 6.5. Deep tillage by applying aluminum sulfate (1kg / ㎡) and cake fertilizer (250kg / mu) to the soil layer 40-60cm (preferably 40cm) on the surface of the soil can not only reduce the soil pH value, but also provide aluminum elements for tea seedlings.

[0057] Then, the original soil purchased from the seedling source is backfilled on top of the base fertilizer and the isolation layer according to the tea seedling variety as a planting layer. Preferably, 20-30 cm (preferably 20 cm) of the original soil purchased from the seedling source can be backfilled on top of the base fertilizer and the isolation layer as a planting layer (the finished surface elevation after planting reaches ±0 cm).

[0058] S3. Arbor groups are set up outside the proposed tea garden site to create low-day lighting conditions suitable for the growth of tea seedlings.

[0059] The tree cluster includes circumferential trees arranged around the proposed tea garden site, and 1-2 rows of lateral trees added in the east-west direction of the circumferential trees.

[0060] The specific steps for setting up tree clusters outside the proposed tea garden site are:

[0061] First, multiple rows of circumferential trees are planted around the periphery of the proposed tea garden site; the circumferential trees are French plane trees with a height of 8m-10m and a crown width of more than 5 meters, and other trees can also be selected; in this embodiment, 3 rows of French plane trees with a height of 8m-10m and a crown width of more than 5 meters are planted around the proposed tea garden site;

[0062] Then, 1-2 rows of lateral trees are planted at set distances in the east-west direction of the proposed tea garden site as lateral shade to reduce direct sunlight and increase the diffuse reflectance of light; preferably, the lateral trees can be set along both sides of the main garden road in the middle of the tea garden; in this embodiment, the lateral trees are two rows of seedling ginkgo trees with a height of more than 8m and a spacing of 5m. A row of seedling ginkgo trees is set every 20 meters or so in the east-west direction of the proposed tea garden site. Of course, other tall plants can also be used as lateral trees.

[0063] In this embodiment, the circumferential trees are designed to be plane trees with a height of 8m-10m and a crown width of more than 5 meters, and the lateral trees are designed to be seedling ginkgo trees with a height of more than 8m and a spacing of 5m. The tree group composed of plane trees and seedling ginkgo trees can not only meet the landscape needs, but also increase the diffuse reflection of light on the tea garden. The three rows of plane trees planted outside the tea garden can form dense shade around the tea garden. At the same time, the seedling ginkgo trees provide lateral shade in the east-west direction of the tea garden, which can reduce the direct light period and increase the diffuse reflectance of light to create a low-sunlight habitat.

[0064] S4, uses the method of high ridges and deep trenches to plant and cultivate container tea seedlings, and sets up a mist forest system in the tea garden to create the air humidity environment of the tea seedlings' native habitat.

[0065] When the container tea seedlings are planted by high ridges and deep trenches, the width of each ridge is 1m-1.2m, the height of the ridge is 0.4m-0.5m, and the width of the grooves between the ridges is 0.5m-0.6m (the width of each ridge is preferably 1.2m, the height of the ridge is preferably 0.4m, and the width of the grooves between the ridges is preferably 0.6m). Double rows of container tea seedlings are planted on each ridge. The grooves between the ridges can be used as tea picking channels and as transverse drainage channels. A longitudinal drainage channel perpendicular to the ridge is set every 20m-25m (preferably 20m) along the length of the ridge. The drainage and ventilation problems of the roots of the tea trees are effectively solved by ridges and the longitudinal and transverse drainage channels set between the ridges.

[0066] When arranging the mist system, the number and spacing of the mist nozzles are determined according to the area of ​​the tea garden and the water output of the mist nozzles. The mist nozzles are distributed in a matrix. The mist nozzles are arranged at equal intervals at the border of the tea garden and in the grooves between the ridges inside the tea garden. The mist nozzles need to avoid the channels between the ridges (including the horizontal drainage channels and the vertical drainage channels) when arranging. The mist system can improve the humidity of the microenvironment in the tea garden so that its humidity is always maintained at a humidity environment suitable for the growth of tea trees. The mist spraying technology is used to create a microclimate condition in the tea garden that is the original air humidity of the tea seedlings.

[0067] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting old and strong tea seedlings in low-altitude, weakly alkaline soil areas, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, using old tea seedlings to cultivate transplantable container tea seedlings; S2, improve the weak alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site located in the low-altitude, weak alkaline soil area into weakly acidic soil rich in aluminum; S3, set up tree clusters outside the proposed tea garden site to create low-sunlight conditions suitable for the growth of tea seedlings; S4, uses the method of high ridges and deep trenches to plant and cultivate container tea seedlings, and sets up a mist forest system in the tea garden to create the air humidity environment of the tea seedlings' native habitat.

2. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of using old tea seedlings to cultivate transplantable container tea seedlings in step S1 are: In autumn, a part of the roots of mature old tea seedlings will be pruned once, and after a sufficient interval, the remaining roots will be pruned a second time. Then, in the spring of the following year, the tea seedlings that have been root-cut are placed in nutrient pots and transplanted on the spot to slow down the growth of the seedlings. During the root-cutting and slowing down of the seedlings, water, fertilizer, pruning and maintenance management should be strengthened; After the seedlings in the nutrient pots have grown for about a month, they can be planted in batches.

3. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for root cutting of mature old tea seedlings are: Disinfect the shovel before root removal; Use a sharp shovel to divide the roots of old tea seedlings into equal parts in a circle, removing one root at a time, and then use a rooting agent to irrigate the roots. During the root cutting and cultivation period, the old tea seedlings to be transplanted are pruned and leaf removed using the full crown pruning technique. More than one-third of the branches in the crown are removed, half of the leaves on the remaining branches are removed, and the branches of the current year are "pinched".

4. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: Use a sharp shovel to divide the roots of old tea seedlings into four or six parts in a ring shape, removing every other part.

5. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Water and fertilizer maintenance management during the root cutting and seedling acclimatization process includes the use of water-soluble amino acids and humic acid fertilizers for root irrigation and foliar spraying, and the use of plant growth regulators for foliar spraying to improve the stress resistance of tea seedlings and the quality of tea.

6. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of improving the weakly alkaline soil of the proposed tea garden site into weakly acidic soil rich in aluminum in step S2 are: First, the earthwork elevation of the proposed tea garden site should be controlled below the design elevation by 30cm; Then, deep tillage is performed by applying aluminum sulfate and cake fertilizer to the soil layer at a specific depth on the surface of the soil as a base fertilizer and isolation layer; Then, according to the variety of tea seedlings, native soil is purchased from the source and backfilled on top of the base fertilizer and isolation layer as the planting layer.

7. The method for transplanting old and strong tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree group in step S3 includes circumferential trees evenly distributed around the proposed tea garden site, and lateral trees added in the east and west directions of the circumferential trees.

8. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of setting up a tree group outside the planned tea garden site to create a low-sunlight lighting condition suitable for the growth of tea seedlings in step S3 are: First, multiple rows of circumferential trees are planted at equal distances around the proposed tea garden site; Then, at least one row of lateral trees is planted equidistantly in the east-west direction of the circumferential trees to serve as side shade to reduce direct sunlight and increase diffuse reflectance of light.

9. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The circumferential trees are sycamore trees with a height of 8m-10m and a crown width of more than 5 meters, and the lateral trees are seedling ginkgo trees with a height of more than 8m and a plant spacing of 5m.

10. The method for transplanting old tea seedlings in low altitude and weakly alkaline soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the container tea seedlings are planted and cultivated by the method of high ridges and deep trenches in step S4, double rows of container tea seedlings are evenly planted on each ridge, and the trenches between the ridges are used as tea picking channels and horizontal drainage channels. A longitudinal drainage channel perpendicular to the ridge is set at a set distance along the length of the ridge.

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