The invention discloses a sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains, comprising the following steps of: A, selecting variety; B, raising seedlings: the seeding time is in March, the seeded potatoes are oblique in rows with head up and tail down, plant ash is covered after seeding, fine soil is covered, dual gold herbicide and glyphosate are sprayed on the ridges, and mulching film is coated; C, planting: considering that the blocks in hills and mountains have different sizes, micro-ridge single-row planting is adopted, the planting time of spring potato is in April, the planting time of summer potato is in May, the head and the middle of seedlings are cut, oblique planting is adopted, soil is covered, and moisture supply is maintained after planting; D, applying fertilizer: sweet potato is potassium-liking crop and the applied fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer; and E, intertilling, weeding and earthing up: intertilling has the effect on breathing and is performed after planting, the depth becomes shallow, and weeding and earthing up are combined with intertilling. The method is easy and simple to operate, adopts micro-ridge single-row planting, efficiently uses the soil, causes the seedbed to be insulated, prompts the potato tubers to sprout quickly and abundantly, simultaneously can inhibit occurrence of black spot, and increases the yield by 20-30%.