A high-yield cultivation method for tsaoko

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of tsaoko, and relates to the technical field of tsaoko planting. The high-yield cultivation method of tsaoko comprises using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium nitrate, sodium naphthaleneacetate, betaine, salicylic acid, pulegone, compound vitamins, and compound amino acids to configure nutrients for processing during sowing and seedling raising of tsaoko and transplanting, and in addition, setting plant ash, burnt soil, bamboo charcoal powder, fermented water chestnut leaf material, and manure as nutrient fertilizers for use after transplanting tsaoko. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, improves the survival rate of transplanting while improving the growth performance of tsaoko during the seedling raising period, and promotes the high yield of subsequent tsaoko, thereby improving the economic value of tsaoko planting and reducing planting losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tsaoko planting, and in particular to a high-yield tsaoko cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Tsaoko belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, the genus Cardamom, and is a perennial evergreen herb. It has edible, medicinal, ecological, and economic cultivation values. Tsaoko prefers warm and humid climates, is not drought-tolerant, and has high requirements for geographical environmental conditions. It is suitable for growing in yellow soil and brown soil environments with an altitude of 1200-1800m, a soil pH value of 4.5-5.5, an annual precipitation of more than 1,200 mm, and a shade degree of 60%-80%. Wild tsaoko resources can no longer meet market demand, so vigorously developing artificial cultivation of tsaoko is the main direction at this stage.

[0003] Since it takes at least 3-4 years from sowing to harvesting of cardamom, which means that the overall planting efficiency is low, the survival rate of cardamom during the planting process and the subsequent harvest yield of cardamom are crucial to the economic benefits of planting. However, the survival rate of existing artificial seedling planting of cardamom is about 70%. In addition, the yield handover in the third year after planting brings great labor losses to the actual planting. Therefore, on this basis, improving the survival rate of cardamom planting and increasing the cardamom yield are important research directions of planting management at this stage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for Amomum villosum, which improves the growth performance of Amomum villosum during the seedling stage while increasing the survival rate of transplanting and promoting the subsequent high yield of Amomum villosum, thereby increasing the economic value of Amomum villosum planting and reducing planting losses.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-yield cultivation method for tsaoko, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Prepare the nutrient according to the following formula: water + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-20 mg / L + urea 4-10 g / L + potassium nitrate 20-40 mg / L + sodium naphthaleneacetate 10-15 mg / L + betaine 10-15 mg / L + salicylic acid 10-15 mg / L + pulegone 20-40 mg / L + multivitamins 15-30 mg / L + multiamino acid 10-15 mg / L;

[0008] S2. Sowing: freshly harvested grass fruit seeds, cleaned and soaked in 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 10-20 min, then drained, sowed in late September or early October, and then covered with soil and irrigated with nutrients;

[0009] S3. Seedling cultivation: Water the seeds promptly after sowing and add nutrients 30-40 days after sowing.

[0010] S4. Planting: Thin out the seedlings and plant them six months after sowing, remove the seedlings that are poorly growing, have pests and diseases, are too dense, or have poor nutrition, and spray the leaves with nutrients once;

[0011] S5. Transplanting: After weeding the planting site, dig holes, then fill the holes with 500-600g of nutrient fertilizer per hole, and then transplant two grass fruit seedlings into one hole, cover the soil, compact it, and water the nutrient agent once to complete the transplanting; and the formula of nutrient fertilizer calculated by weight is: 10-15 parts of plant ash, 6-10 parts of burnt soil, 1-1.6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 1-2 parts of water chestnut leaf fermentation material, and 2-4 parts of manure;

[0012] S6. Field management: Apply top dressing twice a year after transplanting, apply 200-300g of nutrient fertilizer per pit each time, weed in time, and conduct artificial pollination after the cardamom blooms.

[0013] Preferably, the vitamin complex in step S1 is obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and niacinamide in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:3:1:1:2:2.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the composite amino acid is obtained by mixing glutamic acid, glycine and phenylalanine in a mass ratio of 1:2:1.

[0015] Preferably, during the on-demand sowing in step S2, the row spacing is controlled to be 15-20 cm, the plant spacing is 5-6 cm, and the sowing depth is 1.5-2 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, water is promptly applied after sowing to maintain the soil moisture content at 50%-60%.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of nutrient solution sprayed on the leaves in step S4 is 3-5 mL / plant.

[0018] Preferably, the spacing between the pits in step S5 is 2-2.5 m, and the pit depth is 0.4-0.6 m, and the width is 0.5-0.6 m.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the water chestnut leaf fermented material in step S5 is to grind fresh water chestnut leaves into a slurry with water, steam the slurry at 100-110° C. for 10-15 min, inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation for 2-3 days, and then dry the slurry.

[0020] Preferably, the time for topdressing in step S6 is March and August every year, and rainy days are avoided.

[0021] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for amomum villosum, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] The invention uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium nitrate, sodium naphthaleneacetate, betaine, salicylic acid, pulegone, compound vitamins and compound amino acids to water the sown tsaoko seeds in the early stage, so as to effectively promote seed germination, and supplements the watering of the nutrient agent during the seedling raising period to effectively promote the growth of the tsaoko seedlings and improve the survival rate of subsequent transplanting; after the tsaoko is transplanted, plant ash, burnt soil, bamboo charcoal powder, water chestnut leaf fermentation material and manure are used as fertilizers to ensure the growth of the tsaoko while promoting the flowering and fruiting of the tsaoko, improve the subsequent tsaoko yield, and comprehensively improve the economic benefits of artificially planted tsaoko. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the tsaoko seedlings after 3 months of sowing in the sowing ground 1, the sowing ground 3, the sowing ground 5 and the sowing ground 4 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of the tsaoko seedlings 8 months after sowing in the sowing field 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of artificial pollination of Amomum villosum in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit growth of the Amomum villosum of the experimental group 1 before harvest in 2023 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit growth of the Amomum villosum of Experimental Group 1 before harvest in 2024 in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0029] Artificial cultivation experiment of Amomum villosum:

[0030] 1. Seed selection:

[0031] Select the same batch of 7-year-old grass fruit seeds, sow them immediately after harvesting, and after harvesting the seeds, clean them and soak them in 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 15 minutes, then drain and set aside;

[0032] 2. Sowing, seedling raising and setting value:

[0033] A greenhouse with a shading rate of 50% was set up in Maguan County, Yunnan Province. Five sowing plots were opened in the greenhouse, namely sowing plots 1-5. Sowing pits were dug on each sowing plot with a depth of 1.5-2cm, a row spacing of 15-20cm, and a plant spacing of 5-6cm. On September 22, 2020, 1-2 grass fruits were sown in each pit, and then covered with soil and irrigated with nutrients. Water was applied in time after sowing to control the soil moisture at 50%-60%, and nutrient solution was poured again 32 days after sowing;

[0034] On March 24, 2021 (half a year after sowing), the seedlings were planted in the rows, the seedlings with poor growth, diseases and insect pests, overcrowding, and malnutrition were removed, and the leaves were sprayed with nutrients once at 3-5mL / plant.

[0035] The nutrient formulations used on each sowing ground are shown in Table 1 below:

[0036] Table 1 The germination rate of each sowing site was recorded 30 days after sowing. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0037] Table 2 The growth of the Tsaoko seedlings was recorded in each sowing field 3 months after sowing (10 Tsaoko seedlings were randomly selected from each sowing field and the average value was recorded). The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0038] Table 3 The seedling height of each sowing site on June 10, 2021 was recorded (10 plants were randomly selected from each group and the average value was taken). The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: It can be seen from the above table that the growth conditions of the grass fruit seedlings sown and raised in sowing sites 1 and 2 are the best.

[0039] 3. Transplanting:

[0040] In Maguan County, Yunnan, a downhill land of a Simiao pine forest was selected as a planting site, and the tsaoko seedlings on the above-mentioned sowing site 2 were selected as transplanting seedlings;

[0041] Dig planting holes with a spacing of 2-2.5m at the planting site, a depth of 0.4-0.6m, and a width of 0.5-0.6m. Fill 550g of nutrient fertilizer in each planting hole. On June 25, 2021, transplant two cardamom seedlings into a hole as a clump, cover with soil, compact it, and water it thoroughly with nutrient agent once; after transplanting, apply top dressing at 220g of nutrient fertilizer per hole in March and August of each year, and avoid rainy days during top dressing.

[0042] The entire transplanting process was divided into five experimental groups (100 clumps in each group). The nutrients and fertilizers used in each experimental group are shown in Table 5 below:

[0043] Table 5 The preparation method of the above water chestnut leaf fermented material A is as follows:

[0044] Fresh water chestnut leaves were ground into pulp with water, steamed at 110°C for 12 minutes, cooled, and then inoculated with 0.2% plant lactobacillus (purchased from Xi'an Luoshen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 10 billion / g plant lactobacillus, item number: LS932) of the total weight of fresh water chestnut leaves. After fermentation for 3 days, the mixture was dried at 45°C to obtain water chestnut leaf fermentation material A.

[0045] The preparation method of water chestnut leaf fermented material B is as follows:

[0046] Fresh water chestnut leaves were ground into a slurry with water and then inoculated with 0.2% of the total mass of fresh water chestnut leaves of Lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from Xi'an Luoshen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 10 billion / g of Lactobacillus plantarum, item number: LS932). After fermentation for 3 days, the mixture was dried at 45°C to obtain water chestnut leaf fermentation material B.

[0047] The survival rates of the transplanted plants in each experimental group were tested at 30 days and 90 days. The specific results are shown in Table 6 below:

[0048] Table 6 Artificial pollination was performed on the grass fruits of each experimental group during the flowering period in 2023 and 2024, and then the experimental groups were uniformly harvested on November 2, 2023 and October 22, 2024. The average yield of each grass fruit bush of each experimental group during the harvest in 2023 and 2024 was calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 7 below:

[0049] Table 7 It can be seen from Table 7 above that the grass fruits planted in experimental groups 1 and 2 had higher yields in 2023 and 2024.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for Amomum villosum, characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the nutrient according to the following formula: water + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-20 mg / L + urea 4-10 g / L + potassium nitrate 20-40 mg / L + sodium naphthaleneacetate 10-15 mg / L + betaine 10-15 mg / L + salicylic acid 10-15 mg / L + pulegone 20-40 mg / L + multivitamins 15-30 mg / L + multiamino acid 10-15 mg / L; S2. Sowing: freshly harvested grass fruit seeds, cleaned and soaked in 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 10-20 min, then drained, sowed in late September or early October, and then covered with soil and irrigated with nutrients; S3. Seedling cultivation: Water the seeds promptly after sowing and add nutrients 30-40 days after sowing. S4. Planting: Thin out the seedlings and plant them six months after sowing, remove the seedlings that are poorly growing, have pests and diseases, are too dense, or have poor nutrition, and spray the leaves with nutrients once; S5, transplanting: after weeding the planting site, dig holes, then fill the holes with 500-600g of nutrient fertilizer per hole, transplant two grass fruit seedlings into one hole, cover the soil, compact it, and water the nutrient agent once to complete the transplanting; and the formula of nutrient fertilizer calculated by weight is: 10-15 parts of plant ash, 6-10 parts of burnt soil, 1-1.6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 1-2 parts of water chestnut leaf fermentation material, and 2-4 parts of manure; and the preparation method of water chestnut leaf fermentation material is to grind fresh water chestnut leaves into pulp with water, steam them at 100-110℃ for 10-15min, and then inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation for 2-3d and dry them; S6. Field management: Apply top dressing twice a year after transplanting, apply 200-300g of nutrient fertilizer per pit each time, weed in time, and conduct artificial pollination after the cardamom blooms.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin complex in step S1 is obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and niacinamide in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:1:3:1:1:2:

2.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the composite amino acid is obtained by mixing glutamic acid, glycine and phenylalanine in a mass ratio of 1:2:

1.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the sowing in step S2, the row spacing is controlled to be 15-20 cm, the plant spacing is controlled to be 5-6 cm, and the sowing depth is controlled to be 1.5-2 cm.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, water is applied promptly after sowing to maintain the soil moisture content at 50%-60%.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of nutrient solution sprayed on the leaves is 3-5 mL / plant.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the spacing between the pits is 2-2.5 m, the depth of the pits is 0.4-0.6 m, and the width is 0.5-0.6 m.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for topdressing in step S6 is March and August every year, and rainy days are avoided during topdressing.

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