Sweet sorghum bacterium-enzyme combined treatment method and application of sweet sorghum bacterium-enzyme combined treatment method in special feed for fattening pigs

Abstract

The invention provides a bacterium-enzyme combined treatment method for sweet sorghum and application of the bacterium-enzyme combined treatment method in special feed for fattening pigs, and belongs to the technical field of biological treatment. The method comprises the following steps: harvesting fresh sweet sorghum straws in a full ripening stage, immediately cutting the harvested sweet sorghum straws to 2.0-4.0 cm, spraying a bacterial enzyme leavening agent on the surface, carrying out sealed fermentation for 15-20 days at the temperature of 15-35 DEG C and pH of less than or equal to 4.0 so as to obtain a sweet sorghum biological feed, and then fermenting 60 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 part of brown sugar, 0.5 part of bacterial liquid and 26 parts of water (the water content is adjusted to 38-40 wt%) one week ahead of time so as to obtain a fermented concentrate; the sweet sorghum biological feed is subjected to secondary crushing, and 60% of fermented concentrate, 35% of the sweet sorghum biological feed, 5% of premix and water are stirred to obtain the porridge for feeding the fattening pigs, so that the palatability and feed intake of the feed can be improved, the intestinal health of the pigs can be enhanced, the nutrient digestibility can be improved, the feeding cost can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological treatment, and in particular relates to a sweet sorghum bacteria-enzyme combined treatment method and application thereof in special feed for fattening pigs. Background Art

[0002] Sweet sorghum straw is a feed ingredient rich in nutritional value. It contains a variety of nutrients such as protein, sugar, cellulose, fat and ash, among which sugar is the most abundant nutrient. Specifically, sugar is mainly found in the medulla of sweet sorghum stalks, followed by the skin. The sugar content of sweet sorghum straw is twice that of silage corn straw. Sugar is an important source of energy in animals and can be quickly converted into energy for daily activities and growth and development of animals. Sugar can be converted into fat during metabolism, which helps to increase the weight of animals and improve meat quality, especially in the fattening process of pork. In addition, feeds rich in sugar usually have higher digestibility and energy density, which can improve the conversion efficiency of animals to feed, thereby improving the fattening effect.

[0003] The sugar in sweet sorghum straw is mainly in the form of polysaccharides, while the animal's digestive system mainly absorbs monosaccharides. Polysaccharides need to be broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes before they can be absorbed. If the animal lacks the corresponding enzymes, the absorption of sugars will be affected. The enzymes in pigs may face some challenges in breaking down the sugars in sweet sorghum straw. This is because sweet sorghum straw contains a high proportion of cellulose and lignin. There is an interaction between lignin and polysaccharides in the cell wall. The enzyme system in pigs cannot fully adapt to breaking down lignin in sweet sorghum straw. Lignin is difficult to degrade in the pig's digestive system, resulting in limited digestion and absorption of sugars and other nutrients.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a sweet sorghum bacteria-enzyme combined treatment method and application thereof in a special feed for fattening pigs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a sweet sorghum bacteria-enzyme combined treatment method and its application in special feed for fattening pigs. The sweet sorghum straw is mixed with basic feed after enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation treatment to achieve the purpose of rapid fattening of fattening pigs.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for treating sweet sorghum with bacteria and enzymes, comprising the following steps:

[0007] After harvesting the mature sweet sorghum stalks, cut them short to 2.0-4.0 cm, spray the surface with bacterial enzyme fermentation agent, stir evenly and immediately seal and ferment. The fermentation time is 15-20 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled at 15-35℃ and the pH is ≤4.0.

[0008] The bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of (4-8): (2-3): 10; the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the complex sugar is a mixture of molasses and seaweed polysaccharide in a mass ratio of (10-15): 1; the complex microorganism is composed of yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3): 1.

[0009] Cellulase in the complex enzyme mainly acts on cellulose in the straw, breaking it down into soluble sugars, while hemicellulase and xylanase break down hemicellulose to produce sugars such as xylose. The synergistic effect of these enzymes can more effectively convert cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw into fermentable sugars, improve fermentation efficiency, and significantly improve the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the straw by optimizing the combination of enzymes and usage conditions.

[0010] Molasses in complex sugars is a by-product of the sugar industry. It is rich in fermentable sugars and other nutrients, and its cost is relatively low. As a natural polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharides have multiple physiological functions, such as immunomodulation, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-tumor, which may also play a certain positive role in animals. Adding seaweed polysaccharides to silage can provide nutritional support for beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, promote the fermentation process, and may also improve the taste and nutritional value of the feed.

[0011] Furthermore, the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is added to the fresh sweet sorghum straw in an amount of 5-10wt%.

[0012] Furthermore, the fresh sweet sorghum stalks are harvested at a height of 20 cm from the ground, with the whole plant being cut.

[0013] Furthermore, the sealed fermentation method is to use plastic nylon cloth ton bags, which are compacted and then fermented.

[0014] The technical solution of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a sweet sorghum biological feed prepared by the above method.

[0015] The technical solution of the third aspect of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned sweet sorghum biological feed in the preparation of special feed for fattening pigs.

[0016] The technical solution of the fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a special feed for fattening pigs, which includes 60% fermented concentrate, 35% sweet sorghum biological feed and 5% premix by mass percentage. Feeding with the special feed for fattening pigs of the present invention can improve feed palatability, feed intake and nutrient digestibility, prevent fattening pigs from constipation, improve pig body absorption and utilization, and achieve the purpose of rapid fattening.

[0017] Furthermore, the premix comprises 0.5% of complex amino acids, 2.5% of minerals, 0.5% of complex vitamins and 1.5% of zeolite powder in a weight percentage of 5%.

[0018] Furthermore, the fermentation concentrate preparation method is to mix corn flour, soybean meal and brown sugar, add bacterial solution and water (adjust the water content to 38-40wt.%) and ferment for one week; wherein, by weight, the fermentation concentrate includes 60 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of brown sugar, 0.5 parts of bacterial solution and 26 parts of water.

[0019] Furthermore, the bacterial liquid is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of (4-8):(2-3):10, the added amount of the bacterial liquid is 1.5wt% of the total mass of corn flour, soybean meal and brown sugar, and the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0020] Furthermore, when the sweet sorghum biological feed is used to prepare the special feed for fattening pigs, the sweet sorghum biological feed is firstly crushed twice to 0.1-0.5 cm by an axial flow mill; when feeding the special feed for fattening pigs, the water-to-feed ratio of the whole feed is controlled to be 2:1, and the feed is fed as porridge.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] (1) The method of the present invention for treating sweet sorghum stalks with bacterial enzymes is to directly cut the whole plant of sweet sorghum into short pieces, spray the whole plant with bacterial enzyme fermentation agent, quickly put the whole plant into plastic nylon bags, and perform anaerobically silage after compaction. This method can not only effectively utilize the whole plant nutrition of sweet sorghum and realize the high-value utilization of sweet sorghum, but also is simple and easy to implement in areas where sweet sorghum is planted on a large scale, greatly saving production costs and improving economic benefits.

[0023] (2) The present invention adopts an innovative ratio of bacterial enzyme fermentation agents to target the particularity of the physical and chemical properties of sweet sorghum. The addition of complex enzymes can effectively decompose a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose in the sweet sorghum stalks, converting them into small molecular polysaccharides or monosaccharides, thereby serving as a carbon source for the complex bacteria together with the complex sugars. The anaerobic fermentation of the complex bacteria further promotes the full release of the nutrients in the sweet sorghum. After 15-20 days of fermentation, a sweet sorghum biological feed with sufficient nutrition and good palatability can be obtained.

[0024] (3) The present invention mixes the prepared sweet sorghum biological feed with fermented concentrate and premix in a certain proportion and feeds the feed to fattening pigs, thereby improving the palatability of the feed, the animal's feed intake and the nutrient digestibility, preventing constipation in fattening pigs, improving the absorption and utilization rate of the pig body, and achieving the purpose of rapid fattening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating sweet sorghum with bacteria and enzymes, comprising the following steps:

[0031] After harvesting the mature sweet sorghum stalks, cut them short to 2.0-4.0 cm, spray the surface with bacterial enzyme fermentation agent, stir evenly and immediately seal and ferment. The fermentation time is 15-20 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled at 15-35℃ and the pH is ≤4.0.

[0032] The bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of (4-8): (2-3): 10; the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the complex sugar is a mixture of molasses and seaweed polysaccharide in a mass ratio of (10-15): 1; the complex microorganism is composed of yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3): 1.

[0033] In some more preferred embodiments, the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of 5:3:10.

[0034] In some more preferred embodiments, the complex sugar is a mixture of molasses and seaweed polysaccharide in a ratio of 12:1.

[0035] In some more preferred embodiments, the composite microorganisms are yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in a ratio of 3:3:1.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the amount of the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent added to the sweet sorghum straw is 5-10wt%. In a more preferred embodiment, the amount of the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent added to the sweet sorghum straw is 8wt%.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, the sweet sorghum stalks are harvested by mowing the entire plant at 20 cm above the ground.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the sealed fermentation method is to use plastic nylon cloth ton bags, which are compacted and then fermented.

[0039] The embodiment of the invention also discloses a sweet sorghum biological feed prepared by the method.

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a special feed for fattening pigs, which comprises 60% fermented concentrate, 35% sweet sorghum biological feed and 5% premix in terms of mass percentage. The special feed for fattening pigs of the present invention is used to feed fattening pigs, improve feed palatability, feed intake and nutrient digestibility, prevent fattening pigs from constipation, improve pig body absorption and utilization, and achieve the purpose of rapid fattening.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the premix comprises 0.5% of complex amino acids, 2.5% of minerals, 0.5% of complex vitamins and 1.5% of zeolite powder at a weight percentage of 5%. The minerals are preferably a mixture of equal proportions of calcium hydrogen phosphate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and sodium selenite; the complex vitamins are preferably a mixture of equal proportions of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E and complex vitamin B; and the complex amino acids are preferably L-lysine hydrochloride.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation concentrate preparation method is to mix corn flour, soybean meal and brown sugar, add bacterial solution and water (adjust the water content to 38-40wt.%), and ferment for one week; wherein, by weight, the fermentation concentrate includes 60 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of brown sugar, 0.5 parts of bacterial solution and 26 parts of water.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the bacterial liquid is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of 5:2:10, wherein the complex enzyme used is a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, when the sweet sorghum biological feed is used to prepare the special feed for fattening pigs, the sweet sorghum biological feed is firstly crushed twice to 0.1-0.5 cm by an axial flow mill; when feeding the special feed for fattening pigs, the water-to-feed ratio of the whole feed is controlled to be 2:1.

[0045] The yeast used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Zhuhai Wenqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Aspergillus niger was purchased from Henan Xinyangshao Bioenzyme Preparation Co., Ltd., and Lactobacillus fermentum was purchased from Xi'an Jushengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] The cellulase used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Henan Jinchengde Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the hemicellulase was purchased from Qingdao Haiweisen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the xylanase was purchased from Jiangxi Baiying Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0047] In the following embodiments of the present invention, the premix is ​​5% by weight, including 0.5% of complex amino acids, 2.5% of minerals, 0.5% of complex vitamins and 1.5% of zeolite powder. The minerals are a mixture of equal proportions of calcium hydrogen phosphate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate; the complex vitamins are a mixture of 13 vitamins in equal proportions, wherein the 13 vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B11, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K; the complex amino acids are preferably L-lysine hydrochloride.

[0048] The room temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to "25±3°C".

[0049] In the embodiments of the present invention, "parts" are "parts by weight" unless otherwise specified.

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] A special feed for fattening pigs, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Preparation of sweet sorghum bio-feed

[0054] (1) preparing a composite polysaccharide with a mass ratio of molasses to seaweed polysaccharide of 12:1; preparing a composite microorganism of yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 3:3:1; mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a composite enzyme; dissolving the composite enzyme, composite sugar and composite microorganism in 10 times water in a mass ratio of 5:3:10 and mixing to form a bacterial enzyme fermentation agent;

[0055] (2) mowing the whole plant of sweet sorghum at a height of 20 cm from the ground at the mature stage, chopping it into pieces of 2.0-4.0 cm in length and 0.5-1.0 cm in width, spraying it with bacterial enzyme fermentation agent, quickly packing it into plastic nylon cloth bags, compacting it for anaerobic silage, fermenting it for 20 days, controlling the temperature at 25±5° C., and consuming it at a pH of ≤4.0, thereby obtaining sweet sorghum biological feed;

[0056] S2. Preparation of special feed for fattening pigs

[0057] Weigh 60 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of brown sugar, 0.5 parts of bacterial solution and 26 parts of water by weight, add soybean meal, brown sugar and bacterial solution to corn flour for fermentation one week in advance (add water to adjust the water content to 40wt.%), and obtain fermentation concentrate;

[0058] The sweet sorghum biological feed is crushed twice to 0.1-0.5 cm with an axial flow mill, and the mixture is fed with porridge according to the formula of 60% fermented concentrate + 35% sweet sorghum biological feed + 5% premix + water. The amount of water added is preferably such that the water-to-feed ratio of the overall fattening pig feed is 2:1.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water at a mass ratio of 4:3:10.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water at a mass ratio of 5:2:10.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Same as Example 1, except that the fermentation time is 15 days.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] The same as Example 1, except that the mass ratio of molasses to seaweed polysaccharide in the complex sugar is 10:1.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] The same as Example 1, except that the ratio of yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in the composite microorganism is 2:2:1.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] Same as Example 1, except that the composite microorganism is replaced by an equal amount of yeast.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] Same as Example 1, except that molasses is used in an equal amount to replace the complex sugar.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] Same as Example 1, except that the addition of complex sugar is omitted.

[0075] Comparative Example 4

[0076] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the fermented concentrate is replaced by unfermented corn flour, soybean meal and brown sugar water.

[0077] Comparative Example 5

[0078] The same as Example 1, except that the proportion of the sweet sorghum biological feed is 20%, and the proportion of the fermented concentrate is 75%.

[0079] Comparative Example 6

[0080] The same as Example 1, except that the sweet sorghum biological feed is completely replaced by fermented concentrate.

[0081] Performance Testing

[0082] 1. Identification of Monosaccharides

[0083] The monosaccharide types in the sweet sorghum bacteria and enzyme combined treatment solution obtained in Example 1 were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 Monosaccharide type identification results in Example 1

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The sugars in the sweet sorghum stalks are mainly in the form of bound sugars, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. After the combined treatment of the bacteria and enzymes of the present invention, the bound sugars in the sweet sorghum stalks are decomposed into free monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, and these monosaccharides are more conducive to the absorption of pigs and thus converted into fat in large quantities in the body, thereby promoting fat accumulation and improving the fattening effect.

[0088] 2. Breeding Experiment

[0089] 120 growing and fattening pigs weighing about 60 kg were selected and randomly divided into 12 groups, 10 in each group, and raised from an average weight of (60 ± 5) kg to (122 ± 6) kg for 76 days. Each group was fed with the growing and fattening pig feed obtained in each embodiment 1-6 and comparative example 1-6, without any drugs, and the daily management was carried out according to the daily management of the farm. The average daily feed intake (kg), feed-to-weight ratio, and average daily weight gain (g) were tested respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Feed-to-weight ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain.

[0091] Table 2 Effects of each group on the weight of fattening pigs

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] It can be seen from Table 2 that the special feed for fattening pigs prepared in the embodiment of the present invention can increase the daily weight gain, animal feed intake and nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs, prevent constipation in fattening pigs, improve the absorption and utilization rate of pigs, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0095] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sweet sorghum bacterial enzyme combined treatment method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After harvesting the mature sweet sorghum stalks, cut them short to 2.0-4.0 cm, spray the surface with bacterial enzyme fermentation agent, stir evenly and immediately seal and ferment. The fermentation time is 15-20 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled at 15-35℃ and the pH is ≤4.

0. The bacterial enzyme fermentation agent is prepared by dissolving a complex enzyme, a complex sugar and a complex microorganism in water in a mass ratio of (4-8): (2-3): 10; the complex enzyme is a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the complex sugar is a mixture of molasses and seaweed polysaccharide in a mass ratio of (10-15): 1; the complex microorganism is composed of yeast, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3):

1.

2. The sweet sorghum bacterial enzyme combined treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the bacterial enzyme fermentation agent added to the fresh sweet sorghum straw is 5-10wt%.

3. The sweet sorghum bacterial enzyme combined treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh sweet sorghum stalks are harvested at a height of 20 cm from the ground, with the whole plant being cut.

4. The sweet sorghum bacterial enzyme combined treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed fermentation method is to use plastic nylon cloth ton bags, which are compacted and then fermented.

5. A sweet sorghum biological feed obtained by the sweet sorghum bacteria-enzyme combined treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Use of the sweet sorghum biological feed as claimed in claim 5 in preparing special feed for fattening pigs.

7. A special feed for fattening pigs, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it comprises 60% fermentation concentrate, 35% of the sweet sorghum biological feed according to claim 5 and 5% of premix.

8. The special feed for fattening pigs according to claim 7, characterized in that: The premix comprises 0.5% of complex amino acids, 2.5% of minerals, 0.5% of complex vitamins and 1.5% of zeolite powder in a weight percentage of 5%.

9. The special feed for fattening pigs according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for preparing the fermentation concentrate comprises mixing corn flour, soybean meal and brown sugar, adding bacterial solution and water and fermenting for one week; wherein, by weight, the fermentation concentrate comprises 60 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 parts of brown sugar, 0.5 parts of bacterial solution and 26 parts of water.

10. The special feed for fattening pigs according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the sweet sorghum biological feed is used to prepare the special feed for fattening pigs, the sweet sorghum biological feed is firstly crushed twice to 0.1-0.5 cm by an axial flow mill; when the special feed for fattening pigs is fed, the water-to-feed ratio of the whole feed is controlled to be 2:1, and the feed is fed as porridge.

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