Cookware and method of manufacturing cookware

Abstract

The invention provides a cooker and a method for manufacturing the cooker. The cooker comprises a cooker body and a non-stick layer, the non-stick layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers which are stacked in the thickness direction, the lowermost layer of the sub-layers is connected with the cooker body, and in any two adjacent sub-layers of the sub-layers, the lowermost layer of the sub-layers is connected with the cooker body. The number of pores in the unit area of the sublayer located on the lower layer is larger than that of pores in the unit area of the sublayer located on the upper layer, and the size of the pores in the sublayer located on the lower layer is larger than that of the pores in the sublayer located on the upper layer, so that the multiple sublayers construct the non-stick layer with the gradient porous structure. According to the cooker provided by the invention, the cooker has good initial non-stickiness, lasting non-stickiness and binding force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cookers, and in particular to a cooker and a method for manufacturing the cooker. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional cookware industry, in order to achieve long-lasting non-stick properties for food, liquid coatings are usually sprayed on the surface of the substrate to form a non-stick layer. For liquid coatings, taking fluorocarbon resins and siloxane sol condensation polymers as examples, they have thin film thickness (the thickness of the film layer with non-stick function is only 10-20um), uneven film thickness (affected by spraying technology), resulting in defects such as poor wear resistance and short service life. In addition, the atomization spraying process of liquid coatings has obvious environmental pollution problems. Therefore, finding a cookware with a coating formed by non-atomization spraying will become a problem that the industry needs to face.

[0003] Existing cookware coatings are often formed in a single way and store oil in the pores of the coating to optimize the non-stick properties through the oil film non-stick principle. However, the existing oil film will be used up in a relatively short period of time, which makes the cookware unable to simultaneously have the initial non-stick properties, lasting non-stick properties and bonding properties.

[0004] To this end, developing cookware that has both initial non-stick properties, lasting non-stick properties and bonding strength remains a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] Therefore, the object of the present application is to provide a cooker and a method for manufacturing the cooker to solve the problem that the cooker cannot have initial non-stickiness, lasting non-stickiness and bonding strength at the same time.

[0006] The first aspect of the present application aims to provide a cooker, wherein the cooker comprises a cooker body and a non-stick layer, wherein the non-stick layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers stacked in a thickness direction, the bottommost layer of the plurality of sub-layers being connected to the cooker body, wherein the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer having a gradient porous structure, and in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the upper layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the upper layer.

[0007] According to the cookware provided in the embodiment of the present application, the non-stick layer has a gradient porous structure, and the pores in the lower layer are more and relatively larger, which can ensure that the pores of each layer are connected as much as possible, and can form a larger internal oil storage structure on the basis of ensuring the bonding force with the cookware body. In this way, the gradient porous structure can more effectively store oil substances, such as grease. In this way, in the early stage of cooking, the gradient porous structure can quickly adsorb and fix oil substances, and form a uniform oil film during use and have excellent initial non-stick properties. During the cooking process, as the temperature rises and the ingredients are turned over, the oil substances stored inside will gradually be released and replenished into the oil film, maintaining the continuity and integrity of the oil film. This continuous release characteristic can ensure that the cookware can still maintain good non-stick properties after long-term use or multiple cooking, thereby greatly improving the long-lasting non-stick properties of the cookware. In addition, the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure not only promotes the formation and sustained release of the oil film, but also provides effective protection for it. Since the oil film is locked in the pore size of the non-stick layer, it is not easy to be destroyed or lost even in the face of high temperature or intense cooking operations, so that the cookware with the above non-stick layer has both good initial non-stickiness and long-lasting non-stickiness. In addition, the pore distribution state between the layers according to the present application can ensure that the layers are tightly bonded, so that cookware with good bonding force can be obtained.

[0008] In some embodiments, among any two adjacent sub-layers of the multiple sub-layers, the hardness of the sub-layer located in the upper layer is greater than the hardness of the sub-layer located in the lower layer, that is, the closer to the surface of the cookware, the greater the hardness. In this way, the cookware has good wear resistance during use and can further improve the long-lasting non-stick performance of the cookware.

[0009] In some embodiments, the multiple sublayers include a first sublayer and a second sublayer, the first sublayer being connected to the cooker body as the bottommost layer of the multiple sublayers, and the second sublayer being the topmost layer of the multiple sublayers, wherein the number of pores in the first sublayer per square millimeter is 20-25, and the pore size of the first sublayer is in the range of 15 microns to 45 microns; and / or the number of pores in the second sublayer per square millimeter is 10-15, and the pore size of the second sublayer is in the range of 5 microns to 10 microns.

[0010] In these embodiments, the first sublayer with the above pore distribution and size is connected to the cooker body as the bottom layer of the multiple sublayers, which can ensure the bonding force with the cooker body, and the second sublayer with the above pore distribution and size is the top layer of the multiple sublayers, which can facilitate the control of the penetration and seepage rate of oil substances. In summary, the non-stick layer with the above gradient porous structure has a suitable pore distribution, good bonding force, large oil storage capacity, and can release the stored oil continuously and stably.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first sub-layer is formed by arc spraying wire, and the second sub-layer is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying, or cold spraying particles.

[0012] In these embodiments, a first sublayer with a relatively large number of pores and a larger pore size can be obtained by arc spraying, and good bonding force can be obtained due to arc spraying. In this case, the first sublayer has a good oil storage skeleton and oil storage gap, which can ensure that the oil storage capacity in the gradient porous structure of the final non-stick layer is sufficient, laying the foundation for the subsequent continuous release of oil substances. In addition, a dense layer formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles is used as the second sublayer, so that the pore size of the second sublayer is suitable for the entry of oil substances, and the pore size is suitable for controlling the overflow speed of oil substances during the use of the cooker to form a stable and uniform oil film, thereby ensuring lasting non-stickiness. In addition, none of the above involves an atomization spraying process, avoiding the environmental pollution problem caused by atomization spraying.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns. If the thickness of the first sublayer is too thin, although the first sublayer can ensure good bonding with the cookware body, it may not be sufficient to provide sufficient oil storage pores, thereby affecting the non-stick performance. If the first sublayer is too thick, although the oil storage pores can be ensured, the brittleness of the first sublayer may be increased, and its crack resistance and wear resistance may be reduced. When the thickness of the first sublayer is moderate, it can ensure a firm bonding between the first sublayer and the cookware body, and can provide a sufficient oil storage pore size to ensure the non-stick performance.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns. If the second sublayer is too thin, it may not be able to completely cover the surface defects of the first sublayer, thereby affecting the non-stick performance. If the second sublayer is too thick, the overall thickness will be too thick, which will affect the filling amount of the oil substance into the first sublayer, thereby affecting the durable non-stick performance. In addition, the excessive thickness of the second sublayer will also increase the cost and production difficulty. The thickness of the second sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns, which can not only ensure the filling and release of the oil substance, but also effectively cover the first sublayer to avoid surface defects.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first sublayer is formed of metal wires, and the first sublayer is formed by arc spraying with metal wires. Compared with other materials, because the spraying material is wire, the number of pores and the pore size per unit area of ​​the formed layer can be further increased. The plasticity of the metal wire is good. In this case, the bonding force between the first sublayer and the cooker body can also be further increased. The second sublayer is formed by ceramic particles. The plasma layer formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying ceramic particles is used as the second sublayer. Compared with other materials, the surface energy of ceramic particles is lower. The above materials can form a second sublayer with low surface energy. In this way, the pore size structure of the second sublayer is suitable for the entry of oil substances, and the pore size is suitable for controlling the overflow speed of oil substances during the use of the cooker to form a stable and uniform oil film.

[0016] In some embodiments, the multiple sublayers also include a third sublayer located between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, wherein the number of pores in the third sublayer per square millimeter is 15-20, and the pore size of the third sublayer is in the range of 10 microns to 30 microns.

[0017] In these embodiments, the third sublayer acts as a transition layer to buffer the gradient change of the porosity and hardness of the non-stick layer as a whole, so that the non-stick layer has a more obvious gradient porous structure with better bonding strength. Specifically, the third sublayer acts as a buffer layer of hardness and porosity, which can ensure the gradual transition of hardness and porosity of the non-stick layer, and prevent the porosity and hardness gradient between the first sublayer and the second sublayer from being large, which will cause the strength of the non-stick layer structure. In this way, a similar capillary effect is easily formed inside the non-stick layer, thereby enhancing the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer. In addition, the third sublayer acts as a transition layer between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, which helps to enhance the bonding strength between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, and prevents the non-stick layer from being delaminated or peeled off during use.

[0018] In some embodiments, the hardness of the third sub-layer is greater than the hardness of the first sub-layer and less than the hardness of the second sub-layer. In this way, the stress distribution can be optimized and the bonding force between the layers can be improved.

[0019] In some embodiments, the thickness of the third sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns, so that multiple factors such as the mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, pore distribution characteristics, bonding force and cost-effectiveness of the non-stick layer can be balanced.

[0020] In some embodiments, the third sub-layer is formed of composite wires by arc spraying, wherein the composite wires are mixed wires of ceramic and metal.

[0021] In these embodiments, a metal material dispersed with ceramic particles is used as the material for forming the third sub-layer, and arc spraying can form a third sub-layer having both bonding strength and a gradient distribution of porosity and hardness, thereby providing better performance and durability for the non-stick layer of the cookware.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the composite wire material, the weight ratio of the ceramic particles to the metal material is 2:8-8:2. In this way, the wear resistance, non-stickiness, porosity, gradient distribution of hardness, and bonding performance of the third sub-layer can be balanced.

[0023] In some embodiments, the cooker further comprises an oil substance filling the gradient porous structure, wherein the oil substance comprises at least one of animal oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

[0024] In these embodiments, the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer comprises an inner layer structure (first sub-layer) capable of storing oil and an outer layer structure (second sub-layer) suitable for controlling the gradual outflow of oil substances. Thus, the oil substances are pre-stored therein, so that a continuous and stable oil film can be formed when the cookware is used, thereby exerting initial non-stick and lasting non-stick properties.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present application, a method for manufacturing a non-stick layer is provided, wherein the non-stick layer is used for a cooker, wherein the method comprises: Use different spraying methods to form a non-stick layer on the cookware body. The non-stick layer includes a plurality of sub-layers stacked in the thickness direction, the bottom layer of the plurality of sub-layers being connected to the cooker body, wherein, in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the upper layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the upper layer, so that the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure.

[0026] According to the method for manufacturing a non-stick layer of the present application, a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure is formed on the cookware body by combining different spraying methods, so that the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure can simultaneously have initial non-stickiness, lasting non-stickiness, wear resistance and good bonding strength.

[0027] In some embodiments, the forming of the non-stick layer on the cookware body by using different spraying methods includes: arc spraying a metal wire material to form a first sub-layer on the cookware body; Plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying of ceramic particles are performed to form a second sub-layer, wherein the first sub-layer serves as the lowermost layer of the plurality of sub-layers, and the second sub-layer serves as the uppermost layer of the plurality of sub-layers.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the first sublayer is formed by arc spraying, and the second sublayer is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying. In combination with different spraying methods, a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure can be constructed, that is, the non-stick layer forms a gradual structure from porous to dense from the inside to the outside (that is, a gradient porous structure). In the gradient porous structure, especially in the lower layer, a large amount of oil substances can be stored, and the stored oil substances can be continuously and stably released through the pores of the upper layer, so that a continuous and stable oil film can be formed on the surface of the non-stick layer, which has a low surface energy, thereby satisfying the initial non-stickiness. Since the oil film in the gradient porous structure can be protected by the non-stick layer as a skeleton, it can exert a lasting non-stickiness. In addition, although the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure is a multi-layer composite structure, the layers can achieve good bonding strength by means of material selection and pore size distribution.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method further includes arc spraying a composite wire to form a third sub-layer on the first sub-layer, and then forming the second sub-layer on the third sub-layer, wherein the composite wire is a hybrid wire of ceramic and metal.

[0030] In these embodiments, the third sublayer acts as a buffer layer of hardness and porosity, which can ensure the gradual transition of hardness and porosity of the non-stick layer, and prevent the porosity and hardness gradient between the first sublayer and the second sublayer from being large, which may cause the strength of the non-stick layer structure. In this way, a similar capillary effect is easily formed inside the non-stick layer, thereby enhancing the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer. In addition, the third sublayer acts as a transition layer between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, which helps to enhance the bonding force between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, and prevents the non-stick layer from being delaminated or peeled off during use.

[0031] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: filling oil substances into the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer by vacuum infiltration, wherein the oil substances comprise at least one of animal oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

[0032] In these embodiments, the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer comprises an inner layer structure (first sub-layer) capable of storing oil and an outer layer structure (second sub-layer) suitable for controlling the gradual outflow of oil substances. Thus, the oil substances are pre-stored therein, so that a continuous and stable oil film can be formed when the cookware is used, thereby exerting initial non-stick and lasting non-stick properties.

[0033] According to a third aspect of the present application, a cooker is provided, wherein the cooker comprises a cooker body and a non-stick layer arranged on the inner surface of the cooker body, wherein the non-stick layer comprises a non-stick layer manufactured by the method for manufacturing a non-stick layer described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and other objects and features of the present application will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a cooker according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at position I in the middle; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a cooker according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Explanation of symbols 10. Cooker body; 20. Non-stick layer; 21. First sublayer; 22. Second sublayer; 30. Gradient porous structure; 40. Oil substances. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following specific embodiments are provided to help the reader obtain a comprehensive understanding of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein. However, after understanding the disclosure of the present application, various changes, modifications and equivalents of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein will be clear. For example, the order of operations described herein is only an example and is not limited to those orders set forth herein, but can be changed as will be clear after understanding the disclosure of the present application, except for operations that must occur in a specific order. In addition, for greater clarity and simplicity, the description of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0037] The features described herein may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided to illustrate only some of the many possible ways to implement the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein, many of which will be clear after understanding the disclosure of the present application.

[0038] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any one of the associated listed items and any combination of any two or more.

[0039] Although terms such as "first", "second", and "third" may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or portions, these members, components, regions, layers, or portions should not be limited by these terms. Instead, these terms are only used to distinguish one member, component, region, layer, or portion from another member, component, region, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, the first member, first component, first region, first layer, or first portion referred to in the examples may also be referred to as the second member, second component, second region, second layer, or second portion.

[0040] In the specification, when an element such as a layer, a region or a substrate is described as being "on", "connected to" or "mounted to" another element, the element may be directly "on", "connected to" or "mounted to" another element, or one or more other elements may be present therebetween. Conversely, when an element is described as being "directly on", "directly connected to" or "directly mounted to" another element, there may be no other elements therebetween.

[0041] The terms used herein are only used to describe various examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. The terms "comprise", "include" and "have" indicate the presence of the described features, quantities, operations, components, elements and / or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, operations, components, elements and / or combinations thereof. The term "plurality" represents any number of two and more than two.

[0042] The definitions of directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "interior", "exterior" and so on in this application are based on the orientation of the cooker in normal use. This definition method will help ensure that readers or users can clearly understand the relative positional relationship of various components and functions, and should not be understood as a limitation of this application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical terms and scientific terms, have the same meaning as those generally understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present application belongs after understanding the present application. Unless explicitly defined as such herein, terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and the present application, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner.

[0044] Furthermore, in the description of the examples, when it is considered that a detailed description of well-known related components or functions will cause vague interpretation of the present application, such detailed description will be omitted.

[0045] The initial non-stick properties and the lasting non-stick properties of the cookware in the prior art are average. Therefore, there is still an urgent need in the industry to develop new non-stick cookware with both initial non-stick properties and lasting non-stick properties.

[0046] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present application is devoted to studying the coating structure of the cookware, using different spraying methods combined with the form of non-stick materials (wire-like, granular) to form a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure, and making the layers of the non-stick layer arranged from inside to outside according to the rules of pores from large to small and the number of pores from many to few, so that the layers of the non-stick layer can be effectively connected, and it is easy for oil substances to be distributed in the entire non-stick layer to obtain a large storage capacity, so that they can be continuously released during subsequent use to optimize the non-stickiness. In addition, the pore distribution state between the layers can ensure the bonding force between the layers. In addition, the materials are arranged according to the hardness, so that the non-stick layer is arranged from inside to outside according to the rules of hardness from small to large, which can ensure the wear resistance of the non-stick layer to a certain extent.

[0047] In combination with the above, the cookware according to the present application can simultaneously have excellent properties in terms of initial non-stickiness, long-lasting non-stickiness, wear resistance and bonding strength.

[0048] The following will be combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 To describe the cooker provided according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present application, a cooker is provided, wherein the cooker includes a cooker body and a non-stick layer, wherein the non-stick layer includes a plurality of sub-layers stacked in a thickness direction, wherein the bottom layer of the plurality of sub-layers is connected to the cooker body, wherein, in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the top layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the top layer, thereby the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer having a gradient porous structure.

[0050] According to the cooker provided by the embodiment of the present application, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sublayer located in the lower layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sublayer located in the upper layer, and the pore size of the sublayer located in the lower layer is greater than the pore size of the sublayer located in the upper layer. In this case, the non-stick layer has a gradient porous structure. The pores in the lower layer are numerous and relatively large, which can ensure that the pores of each layer are connected as much as possible, and can ensure that a larger internal oil storage structure is formed. In this way, the gradient porous structure can more effectively store oil substances, such as grease. In this way, in the early stage of cooking, the gradient porous structure can quickly adsorb and fix oil substances, and form a uniform oil film when used, and have excellent initial non-stick properties. During the cooking process, as the temperature rises and the ingredients are turned over, the oil substances stored inside will gradually be released and replenished into the oil film, maintaining the continuity and integrity of the oil film. This continuous release characteristic can ensure that the cooker can still maintain good non-stick properties after long-term use or multiple cooking, thereby greatly improving the long-lasting non-stick properties of the cooker. In addition, the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure not only promotes the formation and sustained release of the oil film, but also provides effective protection for it. Since the oil film is locked in the pore size of the non-stick layer, it is not easy to be destroyed or lost even in the face of high temperature or intense cooking operations, so that the cookware with the above non-stick layer has both good initial non-stickiness and long-lasting non-stickiness. In addition, the pore distribution state between the layers according to the present application can ensure that the layers are tightly bonded, so that cookware with good bonding force can be obtained.

[0051] According to the present application, among any two adjacent sublayers of the multiple sublayers, the hardness of the sublayer located in the upper layer is greater than the hardness of the sublayer located in the lower layer, that is, the closer to the surface of the cookware, the greater the hardness. In this way, the cookware has good wear resistance during use and can further improve the long-lasting non-stick performance of the cookware.

[0052] In the prior art, small particles densely packed together form many small pores (low porosity), while large particles densely packed together form few large pores (high porosity). However, this structure formed by densely packed particles is difficult to control, and it is difficult to ensure the coating structure (for example, the number of pores in the coating), and the uniform distribution is insufficient.

[0053] According to the present application, the multiple sub-layers include a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure, the bottom layer of the multiple sub-layers is formed by arc spraying wire, and the top layer of the multiple sub-layers is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles, preferably plasma spraying or high-pressure cold spraying. Through the above specific method, a non-stick layer with the above pore distribution can be formed as an oil storage skeleton of the cooker.

[0054] According to the present application, the plurality of sublayers include a first sublayer and a second sublayer located on the first sublayer, wherein the first sublayer is formed on the cookware body by arc spraying metal wire, and the second sublayer is formed on the first sublayer by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying ceramic particles, wherein the number of pores per unit area of ​​the first sublayer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the second sublayer, and the pore size of the first sublayer is greater than the pore size of the second sublayer, so that the first sublayer and the second sublayer construct a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure. In addition, in these embodiments, since the wire is a metal wire and the particles are ceramic particles, the hardness of the formed non-stick layer increases from the inside to the outside, so that the closer to the surface of the cookware, the greater the hardness, so that the cookware has good wear resistance during use, and can further improve the long-lasting non-stick performance of the cookware.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cooker includes a cooker body 10 and a non-stick layer 20 , wherein the non-stick layer 20 includes a first sublayer 21 and a second sublayer 22 stacked in the thickness direction of the cooker body, and the non-stick layer has a gradient porous structure 30 .

[0056] As an example, the number of pores in the first sublayer per square millimeter is 20-25, and the pore size of the first sublayer is in the range of 15 microns to 45 microns; the number of pores in the second sublayer per square millimeter is 10-15, and the pore size of the second sublayer is in the range of 5 microns to 10 microns. The non-stick layer with the above gradient porous structure has reasonable pore size and distribution, is more suitable for storing more oil substances, and the stored oil substances can be released continuously and stably.

[0057] In this embodiment, for the non-stick layer including a double-layer structure, the second sublayer serves as the outer layer of the non-stick layer, and the second sublayer has a relatively small number of pores and a smaller pore size. On the one hand, during manufacturing, oil substances can penetrate inward at least under the interference of pressure to achieve the purpose of internal oil storage. On the other hand, the pore size is suitable for controlling the overflow speed of the oil substances to form a stable and uniform oil film, which can avoid affecting the aesthetics of the product due to excessive overflow of the oil substances; the first sublayer serves as the inner layer of the non-stick layer, and has a relatively large number of pores and a larger pore size. The larger pore size and number of pores inside can form a good oil storage skeleton, which is convenient for storing a large amount of oil substances, so that the oil substances can be continuously replenished outward during the use of the cookware, ensuring that the cookware can have a continuous and stable oil film and exert non-stick properties.

[0058] In some embodiments, the hardness of the second sublayer is greater than the hardness of the first sublayer, and the second sublayer serves as the inner surface of the cookware. In this way, the cookware has good wear resistance during use and can further improve the long-lasting non-stick performance of the cookware. In the corresponding manufacturing method, the hardness of the materials of each layer can be set to ensure that the prepared cookware has a corresponding hardness distribution. As an example, the hardness of the material forming the second sublayer can be greater than the hardness of the material forming the first sublayer. Specifically, the first sublayer can be made of metal material, and the second sublayer can be made of ceramic particles. More specifically, the metal material can be a metal material corresponding to the metal contained in the matrix, and the ceramic particles can be oxides, carbides or nitrides of the metal corresponding to the metal contained in the matrix.

[0059] According to the present application, the metal oxide is lipophilic metal oxide particles. The second sublayer formed by the lipophilic metal oxide particles can contribute to the effective adsorption and stable storage of oil substances based on the principle of like dissolves like, so that the coating can easily exhibit non-stick properties due to the presence of a continuous and stable oil film.

[0060] In some embodiments, the metal oxide particles include at least one of ferroferric oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and titanium suboxide particles. In a preferred embodiment, the metal oxide particles are ferroferric oxide particles and titanium suboxide particles, which can have relatively excellent non-stick properties. It should be noted that titanium oxide particles refer to TiO 2 Particles, titanium dioxide including Ti 2 O 3 、Ti 3 O 4 and Ti 4 O 7 Specifically, titanium oxide includes 60%-80% Ti 4 O 7 , and the remainder Ti 2 O 3 and Ti 3 O 4 It should be noted that this application is for Ti 2 O 3 and Ti 3 O 4 There is no excessive limitation because the range of the proportion has little effect on the overall performance of the material.

[0061] As an example, the substrate is an iron substrate, the metal material forming the first sub-layer is iron, and the ceramic particles forming the second sub-layer are ferrosoferric oxide particles.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first sublayer is formed by arc spraying wire, and the second sublayer is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles, preferably, by plasma spraying or high pressure cold spraying. Through the above specific manner, a non-stick layer with the above pore distribution can be formed to serve as an oil storage skeleton of the cookware.

[0063] In these embodiments, a first sublayer with a relatively large number of pores and a larger pore size can be obtained by arc spraying the wire, and good bonding force can be obtained due to arc spraying. In this case, the first sublayer has a good oil storage skeleton and oil storage gap, which can ensure that the oil storage capacity in the gradient porous structure of the final non-stick layer is sufficient, laying the foundation for the subsequent continuous release of oil substances. In addition, a dense layer formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles is used as the second sublayer, so that the pore size of the second sublayer is suitable for the entry of oil substances, and the pore size is suitable for controlling the overflow speed of oil substances during the use of the cooker to form a stable and uniform oil film, thereby ensuring lasting non-stickiness. In addition, none of the above involves an atomization spraying process, avoiding the environmental pollution problem caused by atomization spraying.

[0064] According to the present application, the materials forming the above layers are wires or particles, and the coating can be formed by, for example, arc spraying or plasma spraying, thereby avoiding various problems caused by atomized spraying of liquid coatings.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first sub-layer is formed by arc spraying with a metal wire. Compared with other materials, the number and size of pores per unit area of ​​the formed layer can be further increased because the spraying material is a wire. The plasticity of the metal wire is good. In this case, the bonding force between the first sub-layer and the cooker body can also be further increased. As for the specific type of the metal wire, as an example, it can be an iron wire, an aluminum wire or a titanium wire, wherein the diameter of the wire can be 1.5 mm-2.0 mm.

[0066] In some embodiments, a plasma layer formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying ceramic particles is used as the second sublayer. Compared with other materials, the surface energy of ceramic particles is lower. The second sublayer with low surface energy can be formed by the above materials. In this way, the pore size structure of the second sublayer is suitable for oil substances to enter, and the pore size is suitable for controlling the overflow speed of oil substances during the use of the cooker to form a stable and uniform oil film. For the specific type of ceramic particles, as an example, the ceramic particles can be aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or ferroferric oxide particles, and the particle size of the particles can be 50 microns-100 microns.

[0067] In some embodiments, the thickness of each layer can affect the non-stick performance to a certain extent. For example, the thickness of the first sub-layer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns. If the thickness of the first sub-layer is too thin, although the good bonding between the first sub-layer and the cookware body can be ensured, it may not be sufficient to provide sufficient oil storage pores, thereby affecting the non-stick performance. If the first sub-layer is too thick, although the oil storage pores can be ensured, the brittleness of the first sub-layer may be increased, and its crack resistance and wear resistance may be reduced. When the thickness of the first sub-layer is moderate (such as 30 microns to 60 microns), it can ensure the firm bonding between the first sub-layer and the cookware body, and can provide sufficient oil storage pore size to ensure non-stick performance.

[0068] As an example, the thickness of the second sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns. If the second sublayer is too thin, it may not be able to completely cover the surface defects of the first sublayer, thereby affecting the non-stick performance. If the second sublayer is too thick, the overall thickness will be too thick, which will affect the amount of oil substances filled into the first sublayer, thereby affecting the long-lasting non-stick performance. In addition, the excessive thickness of the second sublayer will also increase the cost and production difficulty. The thickness of the second sublayer is in the range of 30 microns to 60 microns, which can not only ensure the filling and release of oil substances, but also effectively cover the first sublayer to avoid surface defects.

[0069] According to the present application, the plurality of sublayers further includes a third sublayer located between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, wherein the number of pores per unit area of ​​the third sublayer is less than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the first sublayer and greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the second sublayer, and the pore size of the third sublayer is less than the pore size of the first sublayer and greater than the pore size of the second sublayer. As an example, the number of pores per square millimeter of the third sublayer is 15-20, and the pore size of the third sublayer is in the range of 10 microns to 30 microns.

[0070] In these embodiments, the non-stick layer includes a three-layer structure (a first sub-layer, a third sub-layer, and a second sub-layer), wherein the first sub-layer is used as a lower layer (inner layer), the second sub-layer is used as an upper layer (outer layer), and the third sub-layer is used as a transition layer between the upper layer and the lower layer. The third sub-layer as a transition layer plays a buffering role in the gradient change of the porosity and hardness of the whole non-stick layer, so that the non-stick layer has a more obvious gradient porous structure with better bonding strength. Specifically, the third sub-layer as a buffer layer of hardness and porosity can ensure the gradual transition of the hardness and porosity of the non-stick layer, and prevent the porosity and hardness gradient between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer from being large, which will cause the strength of the non-stick layer structure. In this way, a similar capillary effect is easily formed inside the non-stick layer, thereby enhancing the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer. In addition, the third sub-layer as a transition layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer helps to enhance the bonding force between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer, and prevents the non-stick layer from being delaminated or peeled off during use.

[0071] In some embodiments, the hardness of the second sublayer is greater than that of the first sublayer, and the second sublayer serves as the inner surface of the cookware. In this way, the cookware has good wear resistance during use and can further improve the long-lasting non-stick performance of the cookware. The hardness of the third sublayer is greater than that of the first sublayer and less than that of the second sublayer. Since the hardness of the third sublayer is higher than that of the first sublayer, it can resist wear to a certain extent and extend the service life of the non-stick layer. The hardness of the third sublayer is greater than that of the first sublayer and less than that of the second sublayer, so that the non-stick layer can form a hardness gradient distribution, which helps to optimize the stress distribution of the cookware during use. The softer first sublayer can provide a certain buffering effect to reduce the impact on the harder layer; while the third sublayer serves as a transition layer to further disperse and relieve stress and prevent damage caused by stress concentration. In addition, an appropriate hardness gradient may help to enhance the bonding between the layers. The harder layer (such as the second sublayer) may have better mechanical properties, while the softer layer (such as the first sublayer) may provide better adhesion. As an intermediate layer, the hardness of the third sublayer is between the two, which helps to achieve better interlayer bonding.

[0072] In some embodiments, the thickness of the third sublayer as a transition layer is in the range of 30 μm to 60 μm. In this way, multiple factors such as the mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, pore distribution characteristics, bonding strength and cost-effectiveness of the non-stick layer can be balanced.

[0073] According to the present application, the third sublayer serves as a transition layer between the first sublayer and the second sublayer. In some embodiments, the third sublayer is formed by arc spraying composite wires, wherein the composite wires are mixed wires of ceramics and metals. Arc spraying composite wires can form a suitable gradient change, and the composite wires can have materials with similar properties to those forming the first sublayer and the second sublayer, thereby ensuring effective connection between the first sublayer and the second sublayer based on the principle of like dissolves like, thereby improving the overall bonding strength of the non-stick layer.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, the composite wire material includes metal and ceramic, which can provide unique advantages for the non-stick layer of the cookware. Specifically, the metal provides the cookware with good thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, and ensures effective bonding with the first sub-layer as the lower layer, which helps to enhance the overall performance and durability of the cookware. The ceramic has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and can be effectively bonded with the second sub-layer as the upper layer.

[0075] In these embodiments, a mixed wire of ceramic and metal is used as the material for forming the third sub-layer, and arc spraying can form a third sub-layer having both bonding strength and a gradient distribution of porosity and hardness, thereby providing better performance and durability for the non-stick layer of the cookware.

[0076] In some embodiments, in the composite wire material, the weight ratio of ceramic to metal is 2:8-8:2. In this way, the wear resistance, non-stickiness, porosity, gradient distribution of hardness, and bonding performance of the third sub-layer can be balanced.

[0077] According to this application, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cooker further comprises an oil substance 40 filling the gradient porous structure 30, wherein the oil substance comprises at least one of animal oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

[0078] In these embodiments, the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer has an inner layer structure (first sublayer) capable of storing oil and an outer layer structure (second sublayer) suitable for controlling the gradual outflow of oil substances. In this way, the oil substances 40 are pre-stored therein, which can ensure that the cookware forms a continuous and stable oil film when in use and exerts initial non-stick and lasting non-stick properties. In addition, although the non-stick layer with a porous structure is a multi-layer structure, the layers can be tightly combined due to the reasonable distribution of pores, and therefore have good bonding strength. In addition, the pore size and distribution of the inner layer structure (first sublayer) can ensure the bonding strength with the cookware body.

[0079] According to a second aspect of the present application, a method for manufacturing cookware is provided, wherein the method comprises forming a non-stick layer having a gradient porous structure on a cookware body using wire materials and particles in different spraying methods, wherein the non-stick layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers stacked in a thickness direction, and the bottom layer of the plurality of sub-layers is connected to the cookware body, wherein, in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the top layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the top layer, so that the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer having a gradient porous structure.

[0080] Hereinafter, the method for manufacturing a cooker according to the present application will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0081] According to the present application, wires and particles are respectively combined in different spraying methods to form a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure on the cookware body, so that the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure can simultaneously have initial non-stickiness, lasting non-stickiness, wear resistance and good bonding force.

[0082] Provide the cooker body According to the present application, the cooker body has the basic structure of a cooker formed by stretching a corresponding substrate. In some embodiments, the thickness of the cooker body is 1.55 mm-2.5 mm, and such a thickness can ensure the overall strength of the cooker finally formed.

[0083] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the cookware body has a rough structure of 3 μm-6 μm. As an example, the cookware body is pressed to form a rough structure with a surface roughness of 3 μm-6 μm. Such roughness can enhance the bonding force of the first sub-layer to further enhance the durable non-stick performance.

[0084] In some embodiments, the cooker body comprises one of an iron substrate, a cast iron substrate, an aluminum substrate, a titanium substrate, a stainless steel substrate and a low carbon steel substrate. Here, it should be noted that the iron substrate, the aluminum substrate and the titanium substrate are substrates made of iron, aluminum, titanium and their corresponding alloys.

[0085] According to the present application, the method for manufacturing cookware can be suitable for more types of substrates, thereby expanding the range of substrates that can be adapted to the manufacture of cookware, and has better versatility.

[0086] Forming a first sublayer and a second sublayer According to the present application, the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure is formed on the cookware body by different spraying methods, including: arc spraying wire to form a first sublayer on the cookware body; plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles to form a second sublayer, wherein the first sublayer is the bottom layer of the non-stick layer, and the second sublayer is the top layer of the non-stick layer. It should be noted that arc spraying wire can form a first sublayer with many and large pores, and plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles can form a second sublayer with few and small pores, so that the gradient porous structure of the present application can be constructed.

[0087] In some embodiments, metal wire is arc sprayed to form a first sublayer on the cookware body; and ceramic particles are plasma sprayed, supersonic sprayed, or cold sprayed to form a second sublayer. In this way, not only can the gradient porous structure of the present application be constructed on the cookware from the inside to the outside of the cookware, but also a hardness distribution from small to large can be constructed on the cookware from the inside to the outside of the cookware.

[0088] According to the present application, the first sub-layer is formed by arc spraying wires. Specifically, the metal wires are deposited on the cookware body by arc spraying to form the first sub-layer. Arc spraying melts the metal wires at high temperatures and sprays the molten metal particles onto the surface of the cookware body by means of a high-speed airflow, thereby forming the first sub-layer firmly bonded to the surface of the cookware body.

[0089] Arc spraying uses an electric arc as a heat source to generate an arc discharge between two metal wires, heat the metal wires to a molten state, and spray them onto the substrate through compressed air or inert gas. Specifically, the parameters of arc spraying include a voltage of 30V-50V, a current of 350A-500A, a spraying pressure of 0.4MPa-0.5MPa, a wire feeding speed of 0.8m / min-1.0m / min, a spraying distance of 20cm-30cm, and a spray gun angle of 60°-70°. Arc spraying is highly efficient and can form a first sub-layer with large pores and many pores while ensuring the bonding strength between the first sub-layer and the cooker body.

[0090] In these embodiments, the first sublayer serves as the bottom layer of the non-stick layer and is used to form the main structural part of the oil storage to ensure the oil storage capacity in the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer. On the other hand, the first sublayer serves as the bottom layer of the non-stick layer and is combined with the cookware body to provide a stable base for the subsequent non-stick layer.

[0091] According to the present application, after forming the first sub-layer, particles are plasma sprayed, supersonic sprayed or cold sprayed to form the second sub-layer. Specifically, ceramic particles are plasma sprayed, supersonic sprayed or cold sprayed to deposit materials on the first sub-layer to form the second sub-layer.

[0092] As an example, plasma spraying can use a high-temperature, high-energy plasma jet to heat ceramic particles to a molten or semi-molten state, and spray them onto the substrate at high speed to form a relatively uniform and dense plasma layer as the second sublayer. Among them, plasma spraying can produce high temperatures of up to tens of thousands of degrees, and can spray almost all types of ceramic particles, including materials with high melting points and high hardness. At the same time, the high energy and high-speed spraying of the plasma jet form a strong mechanical and chemical bond between the second sublayer and the substrate, which can improve the adhesion of the second sublayer.

[0093] As an example, the parameters of plasma spraying include a voltage of 50V-60V, a current of 500A-600A, a powder feeding amount of 1.0g / s-2.0g / s, a spraying speed of 1.0mm / s-2.0mm / s, and a spraying angle of 65°-75°.

[0094] As an example, supersonic spraying is specifically supersonic flame spraying, wherein the parameters of supersonic flame spraying include voltage of 60V-70V, current of 500-600A, powder feeding amount of 1.5g / s-2.5g / s, spraying speed of 1.0mm / s-2.0mm / s, and spraying angle of 65°-75°.

[0095] As an example, cold spraying is specifically high-pressure cold spraying. The parameters of high-pressure cold spraying include temperature of 200°C-300°C, spraying pressure of 3MPa-4MPa, air flow velocity of 700m / s-800m / s, powder feeding amount of 2.0g / s-2.5g / s, and spraying angle of 80°-90°.

[0096] In these embodiments, the second sublayer serves as the outer layer of the non-stick layer, directly contacts the food, and can further utilize the various excellent properties of the ceramic particles, including high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, non-stickiness and high hardness, to enhance the non-stick properties of the non-stick layer.

[0097] In the above embodiment, the first sublayer is formed by arc spraying wire, and the second sublayer is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles. In combination with different spraying methods, a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure can be constructed, that is, the non-stick layer forms a gradual structure from porous to dense from the inside to the outside (that is, a gradient porous structure). In the gradient porous structure, especially in the lower layer, a large amount of oil substances can be stored, and the stored oil substances can be continuously and stably released through the pores of the upper layer, so that a continuous and stable oil film can be formed on the surface of the non-stick layer, which has a low surface energy, thereby satisfying the initial non-stickiness. Since the oil film in the gradient porous structure can be protected by the non-stick layer as a skeleton, it can exert a lasting non-stickiness. In addition, although the non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure is a multi-layer composite structure, the layers can achieve good bonding strength by means of material selection and pore size distribution.

[0098] Forming the third sublayer In some embodiments, the non-stick layer further comprises a third sub-layer. The method according to the present application further comprises forming the third sub-layer on the first sub-layer using a composite wire material, and then forming the second sub-layer on the third sub-layer, wherein the composite wire material is a mixed wire material of ceramic and metal.

[0099] In these embodiments, the third sublayer acts as a buffer layer of hardness and porosity, which can ensure the gradual transition of hardness and porosity of the non-stick layer, and prevent the porosity and hardness gradient between the first sublayer and the second sublayer from being large, which may cause the strength of the non-stick layer structure. In this way, a similar capillary effect is easily formed inside the non-stick layer, thereby enhancing the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer. In addition, the third sublayer acts as a transition layer between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, which helps to enhance the bonding force between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, and prevents the non-stick layer from being delaminated or peeled off during use.

[0100] In addition, the composite wire material is a mixed wire material of ceramic and metal. The composite wire material has a material similar to that forming the first sublayer and the second sublayer. Based on the principle of like dissolves like, the first sublayer and the second sublayer can be effectively connected, thereby ensuring the overall bonding force of the non-stick layer. In addition, the composite wire material includes metal and ceramic, which can provide unique advantages for the non-stick layer of the cookware. Specifically, the metal provides the cookware with good thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and effective bonding with the first sublayer as the lower layer, which helps to enhance the overall performance and durability of the cookware. Ceramic particles have excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and can be effectively bonded with the second sublayer as the upper layer.

[0101] According to the present application, the spraying parameters for forming the third sub-layer are different from the spraying parameters for forming the first sub-layer, so different pore distributions and pore sizes can be formed.

[0102] As an example, the parameters of arc spraying include a voltage of 55V-65V, a current of 550-650A, a spraying pressure of 0.55-0.65MPa, a wire feeding speed of 0.5-0.8m / min, a spraying distance of 20-25cm, and a spray gun angle of 75°-80°.

[0103] In these embodiments, by providing the third sub-layer, a non-stick layer with a more complex gradient porous structure can be formed, which can ensure that during the use of the cookware, oil substances can gradually seep out to form an oil film on the non-stick layer to exert the non-stick performance. In addition, the third sub-layer can also enhance the bonding force between the layers and improve the overall durability of the non-stick layer.

[0104] In some embodiments, the step of forming the composite wire includes filling ceramic particles into a metal thin strip, and forming the composite wire by a continuous rolling and drawing process.

[0105] In these embodiments, the metal strip is a strip material with good ductility and machinability, such as a stainless steel strip, an aluminum alloy strip, etc. These materials can withstand subsequent rolling and stretching processes while maintaining a certain strength and stability. Ceramic particles include aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, etc. Ceramic particles have high hardness, good wear resistance, and strong corrosion resistance, which can improve the performance of composite wires. Ceramic particles are uniformly filled into the metal strip. As an example, it can be achieved by a vibration filling process to ensure that the ceramic particles are evenly distributed inside the metal strip without agglomeration. The metal strip filled with ceramic particles is fed into a rolling mill for continuous rolling. During the rolling process, the metal strip undergoes plastic deformation under the action of the rollers, and the thickness gradually decreases, while the width and length increase accordingly. During the rolling process, the ceramic particles are tightly wrapped by the metal matrix to form a preliminary composite wire. Among them, the rolling process parameters include a rolling force of 150N to 200N, a rolling speed of 1.5m / min-2.0m / min, and a roller gap of 0.02mm-0.03mm.

[0106] The rolled composite wire needs to be further stretched and reduced to further refine its structure and improve its performance. During the stretching and reducing process, the composite wire undergoes axial elongation and radial contraction under the action of the tensile force, and the distribution and arrangement of the internal ceramic particles also change.

[0107] The stretching and reducing process helps to eliminate defects and stress concentration inside the material and improve the density and uniformity of the material. At the same time, by controlling the process parameters of the stretching and reducing process, a mixed wire of ceramic and metal is formed as a composite wire. Among them, the process parameters of the stretching and reducing process include: a total compression rate of 50%-90%, a stretching number of 8-10 times, a stretching reduction rate of 5%-6% per stretching, and a stretching speed of 20m / min-25m / min.

[0108] In these embodiments, ceramic particles are filled into the metal strip and a composite wire is formed through a continuous rolling and stretching reduction process, which can form a composite wire that fully utilizes the respective advantages of metal and ceramic, making the properties of the third sublayer as a transition layer more excellent.

[0109] According to the present application, the composite wire is a mixed wire of ceramic and metal, in which the weight ratio of ceramic to metal is 2:8-8:2, and the diameter of the composite wire is 1.5 mm-2.0 mm. In this way, the wear resistance, non-stickiness, porosity, gradient distribution of hardness, and bonding performance of the third sub-layer can be balanced. In a preferred embodiment, the composite wire is a mixed wire mainly composed of metal, so that it can have a better bonding with the cooker body by virtue of the plasticity of the metal. As an example, the composite wire is formed by filling ceramic particles into a metal strip and by a continuous rolling and stretching reduction process, wherein the particle size of the ceramic particles is 50 microns-100 microns.

[0110] According to the present application, the method for manufacturing the cookware further includes making the material of the cookware body correspond to the material of the non-stick layer, that is, when selecting the metal material, the material of the non-stick layer can be selected from the same metal as the metal contained in the material of the cookware body, so that the electrochemical reaction between the layers of the cookware can be avoided to a large extent and the bonding force between the cookware can be ensured. As an example, the cookware body includes one of a pure iron matrix, a cast iron matrix, an aluminum matrix, a titanium matrix, a stainless steel matrix and a low-carbon steel matrix. In the case where the cookware body is iron, the material of the first sublayer is preferably iron, the material of the second sublayer is an iron wire material with iron oxide particles, and the material of the third sublayer is titanium oxide. In the case where the cookware body is aluminum, the material of the first sublayer is preferably aluminum, the material of the second sublayer is an aluminum wire material with aluminum oxide particles, and the material of the third sublayer is aluminum oxide. In the case where the cookware body is titanium, the material of the first sublayer is preferably titanium, the material of the second sublayer is a titanium wire material with titanium oxide particles, and the material of the third sublayer is titanium oxide.

[0111] Surface polishing The surface of the cooker body with a gradient porous structure is polished to reduce the surface roughness to 2-3 microns. Specifically, a 180-200 micron scouring pad can be used to apply a force of 20N-40N at a rotation speed of 200rpm-300rpm to perform polishing, so that the surface roughness is 2-3 microns.

[0112] Filling oil substances in the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer According to the present application, the method for manufacturing the cookware further comprises filling the oil substance into the gradient porous structure.

[0113] In some embodiments, oil substances can be filled into the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer by vacuum impregnation treatment, so that the oil substances can be continuously released during subsequent use to better exert the non-stick effect. In addition, the oil substances are filled in the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer, which can close the pores of the non-stick layer and ensure the corrosion resistance of the cooker with the non-stick layer. Specifically, the cooker with a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure is placed in a high-pressure sealed container so that the impregnation liquid completely covers the surface of the non-stick layer, the high-pressure sealed container is closed and a vacuum impregnation treatment is performed. Specific parameters include a vacuum degree of 90Pa-110Pa; an impregnation pressure of 0.5Mpa-0.7Mpa; an impregnation time of 15min-25min; an impregnation temperature of room temperature; and a spin-drying speed of 180rpm-220rpm.

[0114] In other embodiments, the cooker body is heated, and the oil is placed in the heated cooker body, so that the oil can penetrate into the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer. Specifically, the pot body is preheated to 50°C-70°C, a certain amount of animal oil is poured in until it is completely melted, and the oil is evenly spread on the surface of the workpiece with oil-absorbing paper, and naturally cooled to obtain a cooker with a non-stick layer filled with animal oil in the gradient porous structure.

[0115] According to the present application, the oil substances include animal oils, vegetable oils, silicone oils and polysiloxanes.

[0116] In some embodiments, the animal oil is a solid-liquid convertible animal oil. For example, the solid-liquid convertible animal oil has a solidification point of 15°C-48°C. For example, it includes lard, tallow, and horse oil. When in use, at a relatively low temperature (<50°C), these oil substances can condense into solids and stably exist in the gradient porous structure, that is, they act as solid lubricants at low temperatures and liquid lubricants at high temperatures, thereby reducing the wear rate of the film layer and extending the service life of the product.

[0117] In some embodiments, vegetable oil may be used to fill the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer, wherein the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, peanut oil or palm oil.

[0118] In some embodiments, silicone oil can be selected from at least one of methyl silicone oil, dimethyl silicone oil, hydroxy silicone oil, hydrogen silicone oil and polyether modified silicone oil. The above silicone oil has a specific viscosity and surface tension, and is easier to enter the gradient porous structure. Wherein, silicone oil is adsorbed in the gradient porous structure. In addition, by weight percentage, silicone oil includes 20%-30% low molecular weight silicone oil, 40%-60% medium molecular weight silicone oil, and 20%-30% high molecular weight silicone oil, wherein the molecular weight of low molecular weight silicone oil is between 500-1000, the molecular weight of medium molecular weight silicone oil is between 3000-6000, and the molecular weight of high molecular weight silicone oil is between 12000-30000.

[0119] After selecting the silicone oil, the silicone oil is used to impregnate the cookware body with the gradient porous structure, thereby obtaining a cookware in which the silicone oil is combined with the gradient porous structure. As an example, the silicone oil can be impregnated into the non-stick layer for 2-3 minutes at a temperature of 80°C-100°C.

[0120] In these embodiments, silicone oil with a large molecular weight is more firmly bonded to the gradient porous structure and releases more slowly, silicone oil with a small molecular weight has better free mobility and thus has better non-stick properties, and silicone oil with a medium molecular weight has both free mobility and strong bonding. Therefore, by combining low molecular weight silicone oil, medium molecular weight silicone oil and high molecular weight silicone oil, on the one hand, the amount of silicone oil entering the gradient porous structure is further increased to ensure sufficient oil supply; on the other hand, silicone oils with different bonding forces can be continuously released at various stages of use to achieve a better non-stick effect. As an example, the adsorption force between silicone oil and the cookware body with a gradient porous structure is 40KJ / mol-50KJ / mol. Such a bonding force can ensure the continuous release of silicone oil and avoid premature release or failure to release silicone oil.

[0121] According to the present application, the filling rate of oil substances in the gradient porous structure is 72-88%. Specifically, the filling rate of oil substances in the pore size of the first sublayer is 95-100%, the filling rate of oil substances in the pore size of the second sublayer is 70-95%, and the filling rate of oil substances in the pore size of the third sublayer is 50-70%.

[0122] After coating, the cooking utensils filled with the oil substance can be placed in a sintering furnace for sintering to solidify, wherein the curing temperature is 180° C.-200° C. and the curing time is 1 min-2 min.

[0123] The method for manufacturing a cooker and the cooker of the present invention are described in detail above in combination with exemplary embodiments. In the following, the beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in more detail in combination with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0124] Example 1 The cooker according to Example 1 was manufactured by the following method.

[0125] Step S10, providing a cooker body made of iron with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0126] Step S20, arc spraying is used to deposit iron wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm on the cooker body to form a first sublayer with a thickness of 45 μm, wherein the arc spraying parameters include voltage 40 V, current 400 A, spraying pressure 0.5 MPa, wire feeding speed 0.8 m / min, spraying distance 25 cm, and spray gun angle 65°. According to the SEM cross-section test, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the first sublayer is 20, and the pore size is in the range of 30 μm to 45 μm.

[0127] Step S30, setting the temperature of the cooling gas at -5°C. Loading ferroferric oxide particles with an average particle size of 70 microns into the powder feeder. Then, setting the spraying parameters of the plasma spraying as follows: the current is 500A, the voltage is 50V, the powder feeding amount is 1.0g / s, the spraying speed is 1.0mm / s, and the spraying angle is 65°, and the iron oxide is formed on the inner surface of the first sublayer by plasma spraying to obtain a second sublayer with a thickness of 45μm, wherein the number of pores per unit area of ​​the second sublayer is 10, and the pore size is in the range of 8 microns to 10 microns, thereby completing the manufacture of the cooker of Example 1.

[0128] Example 2 The cooker of Example 2 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that step S40 is added between step S20 and step S30, in which a third sublayer is formed on the first sublayer by arc spraying with a 1.5 mm composite wire, and then the second sublayer is formed on the third sublayer (wherein, in the composite wire, the weight ratio of ceramic particles to metal material is 1:1, wherein the number of pores per unit area of ​​the third sublayer is 15, the pore size is in the range of 20 μm-30 μm, and the thickness is 45 μm).

[0129] Example 3 The cooker of Example 3 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that step S40 is added between step S20 and step S30, in which a third sublayer is formed on the first sublayer by arc spraying with a 1.5 mm composite wire, and then the second sublayer is formed on the third sublayer (wherein the weight ratio of ceramic to metal in the composite wire is 2:8, wherein the number of pores per square millimeter of the third sublayer is 15, the pore size is in the range of 15 microns to 20 microns, and the thickness is 45 μm).

[0130] Example 4 The cooker of Example 4 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that step S40 is added between step S20 and step S30, in which a third sublayer is formed on the first sublayer by arc spraying with a 1.5 mm composite wire, and then the second sublayer is formed on the third sublayer (wherein the weight ratio of ceramic to metal in the composite wire is 8:2, wherein the number of pores per square millimeter of the third sublayer is 15, the pore size is in the range of 10 microns to 20 microns, and the thickness is 45 μm).

[0131] Example 5 The cooker of Example 5 was manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that in step S20, the thickness of the first sub-layer was set to 30 μm.

[0132] Example 6 The cooker of Example 6 was manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that in step S20, the thickness of the first sub-layer was set to 60 μm.

[0133] Example 7 The cooker of Example 7 is manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that in step S30, the plasma spraying parameters are set to include voltage of 60 V, current of 600 A, powder feed of 2.0 g / s, spraying speed of 2.0 mm / s, and spraying angle of 75°.

[0134] Example 8 The cooker of Example 8 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in step S30, plasma spraying is replaced by supersonic spraying, and the parameters of supersonic spraying are set as follows: voltage is 65 V, current is 550 A, powder feeding amount is 2.0 g / s, spraying speed is 1.5 mm / s, and spraying angle is 70°.

[0135] Example 9 The cooker of Example 9 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that in step S30, plasma spraying is replaced by high-pressure cold spraying, and the parameters of high-pressure cold spraying are set as follows: temperature is 250°C, spraying pressure is 3.5 MPa, air flow velocity is 800 m / s, powder feeding amount is 2.5 g / s, and spraying angle is 85°.

[0136] Example 10 The cooker of Example 10 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in step S30, the ferrosoferric oxide particles were replaced with aluminum oxide particles.

[0137] Embodiment 11 The cooker of Example 11 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that a step of filling the non-stick layer with lard is added after step S30.

[0138] Example 12 The cooker of Example 12 is manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the spraying parameters in step S30 are set so that the number of pores in the second sub-layer per square millimeter is 15 and the pore size is in the range of 5 microns to 8 microns.

[0139] Embodiment 13 The cooker of Example 13 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that the spraying parameters in step S20 and step S30 are set so that the number of pores in the first sublayer per square millimeter is 25 and the pore size is in the range of 15 μm-30 μm, and the number of pores in the second sublayer per square millimeter is 10 and the pore size is in the range of 8 μm-10 μm.

[0140] Embodiment 14 The cooker of Example 14 is manufactured by the same method as Example 1, except that the spraying parameters in step S20 and step S30 are set so that the number of pores in the first sublayer per square millimeter is 25 and the pore size is in the range of 15 microns to 30 microns, and the number of pores in the second sublayer per square millimeter is 15 and the pore size is in the range of 5 microns to 8 microns.

[0141] Embodiment 15 The cooker of Example 15 is manufactured in the same manner as Example 2, except that the spraying parameters in step S40 are set so that the number of pores in the third sub-layer per square millimeter is 18 and the pore size is in the range of 15 microns to 20 microns.

[0142] Example 16 The cooker of Example 16 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the spraying parameters in step S40 are set so that the number of pores in the third sublayer per square millimeter is 16 and the pore size is in the range of 20 μm to 25 μm.

[0143] Comparative Example 1 The cooker of Comparative Example 1 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the order of step S20 and step S30 is exchanged, specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 is directly formed on the cooker body of step S10, and the first sublayer of step S20 is directly formed on the second sublayer.

[0144] Comparative Example 2 The cookware of Comparative Example 2 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the order of step S20 and step S30 is exchanged, specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 is directly formed on the cookware body of step S10, and the first sublayer of step S20 is directly formed on the second sublayer.

[0145] Comparative Example 3 The cooker of Comparative Example 3 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the order of step S20 and step S30 is exchanged, specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 is directly formed on the cooker body of step S10, and the first sublayer of step S20 is directly formed on the second sublayer.

[0146] Comparative Example 4 The cooker of Comparative Example 4 was manufactured by the same method as Example 14, except that the order of step S20 and step S30 was exchanged, specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 was directly formed on the cooker body of step S10, and the first sublayer of step S20 was directly formed on the second sublayer.

[0147] Comparative Example 5 The cooker of Comparative Example 5 is manufactured by the same method as Example 15, except that the order of step S20, step S30 and step S40 is exchanged, specifically, step S30, step S40 and step S20 are performed in sequence, more specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 is directly formed on the cooker body of step S10, the third sublayer of step S40 is directly formed on the second sublayer, and the first sublayer of step S20 is directly formed on the third sublayer.

[0148] Comparative Example 6 The cooker of Comparative Example 6 is manufactured by the same method as Example 16, except that the order of step S20, step S30 and step S40 is exchanged, specifically, step S30, step S40 and step S20 are performed in sequence, more specifically, the second sublayer of step S30 is directly formed on the cooker body of step S10, the third sublayer of step S40 is directly formed on the second sublayer, and the first sublayer of step S20 is directly formed on the third sublayer.

[0149] Performance index test The performance of the cookers of Examples 1-16 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested using the following test methods, and the results are recorded in Table 1 below.

[0150] The hardness, initial non-stickiness, long-lasting non-stickiness and bonding strength of the cookware prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested. (1) Initial non-stick test method Initial non-stickiness test method: GB / T32095.2-2015 fried egg non-stickiness test method, this method is an initial non-stickiness test, divided into levels Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, level Ⅰ non-stickiness is the best, and level Ⅲ non-stickiness is the worst. The examples and comparative examples of the present application were tested three times and the results were recorded.

[0151] The result is judged as follows: if two or more of the three tests are grade II, it is OK, otherwise it is NG.

[0152] (2) Persistent non-stick test method Long-lasting non-stick test method: Long-lasting non-stick test method in GB / T32388-2015, the unit is the number of times, the higher the number, the longer the life, the non-stick result is evaluated once every 500 times, and the number of times when it is used to level III is recorded.

[0153] (3) Binding strength test method The test was carried out according to the method specified in G / T8642-2002 to determine the bonding strength (ie, bonding force) of the sample. Here, the sample refers to the non-stick layer of the embodiment and the comparative example.

[0154] For the bonding strength of the non-stick layer, according to the project expectations, the final measured value should not be less than 20MPa. If it is less than 20MPa, the thermal spray non-stick layer is prone to fall off or even collapse.

[0155] (4) Hardness test method: measured by Vickers hardness tester.

[0156] For the hardness of the non-stick layer, according to the project expectations, the final hardness measurement result value should not be less than 500HV. If it is less than 500HV, the problem of poor wear resistance is likely to occur.

[0157] Table 1 Performance index test data of the embodiments of the present application and the comparative examples.

[0158]

[0159] By analyzing the embodiments and comparative examples, it can be seen that the cookware according to the present application has qualified initial non-stickiness, long-term non-stickiness, bonding strength and hardness. In this way, the cookware has initial non-stickiness that meets the national standard during initial use, and has good wear resistance, bonding strength and longer long-term non-stickiness during later use.

[0160] However, although the cookware of the comparative example has good initial non-stickiness, the non-stickiness will be consumed in a very short time, resulting in poor long-term non-stickiness, which cannot meet the continuous demand for the use of cookware. In addition, the hardness of the cookware of the comparative example decreases from the inside to the outside. This is because the hardness of the metal material is lower than that of the ceramic powder. In this way, a cookware structure with a decreasing hardness from the inside to the outside is formed. In this case, the wear resistance of the cookware surface is relatively poor, which cannot meet the needs of the development of cookware.

[0161] In summary, according to the cooker of the embodiment of the present application, although the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the embodiment of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. However, it should be understood that in the view of those skilled in the art, these modifications and variations will still fall within the spirit and scope of the embodiment of the present application defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A cooking utensil, characterized in that: The cookware comprises a cookware body and a non-stick layer, wherein the non-stick layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers stacked in a thickness direction, the bottommost layer of the plurality of sub-layers being connected to the cookware body, wherein, in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the top layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the bottom layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the top layer, so that the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure.

2. The cooker according to claim 1, characterized in that: In any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the hardness of the sub-layer located at the upper layer is greater than the hardness of the sub-layer located at the lower layer.

3. The cooker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple sublayers include a first sublayer and a second sublayer, the first sublayer being the bottommost layer of the multiple sublayers connected to the cooker body, and the second sublayer being the topmost layer of the multiple sublayers, wherein the number of pores in the first sublayer per square millimeter is 20-25, and the pore size of the first sublayer is in the range of 15 microns to 45 microns; the number of pores in the second sublayer per square millimeter is 10-15, and the pore size of the second sublayer is in the range of 5 microns to 10 microns.

4. The cooker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first sub-layer is formed by arc spraying wire, and the second sub-layer is formed by plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying particles; and / or The first sub-layer has a thickness in the range of 30 micrometers to 60 micrometers, and the second sub-layer has a thickness in the range of 30 micrometers to 60 micrometers; and / or The first sub-layer is formed of metal wires, and the second sub-layer is formed of ceramic particles.

5. The cooker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiple sublayers also include a third sublayer located between the first sublayer and the second sublayer, wherein the number of pores in the third sublayer per square millimeter is 15-20, and the pore size of the third sublayer is in the range of 10 microns to 30 microns.

6. The cooker according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the third sub-layer is in the range of 30 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

7. The cooker according to claim 5, characterized in that: The third sub-layer is formed by arc spraying of composite wires, wherein the composite wires are mixed wires of ceramics and metals.

8. The cooker according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the composite wire material, the weight ratio of the ceramic to the metal is 2:8-8:

2.

9. The cooker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooker further comprises an oil substance filling the gradient porous structure, wherein the oil substance comprises at least one of animal oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

10. A method for manufacturing a cooker, characterized in that: The method comprises: Use different spraying methods to form a non-stick layer on the cookware body. The non-stick layer includes a plurality of sub-layers stacked in the thickness direction, the bottom layer of the plurality of sub-layers being connected to the cooker body, wherein, in any two adjacent sub-layers of the plurality of sub-layers, the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the number of pores per unit area of ​​the sub-layer located in the upper layer, and the pore size of the sub-layer located in the lower layer is greater than the pore size of the sub-layer located in the upper layer, so that the plurality of sub-layers construct a non-stick layer with a gradient porous structure.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method of forming a non-stick layer on the cooker body by using different spraying methods includes: arc spraying a metal wire material to form a first sub-layer on the cookware body; Plasma spraying, supersonic spraying or cold spraying of ceramic particles are performed to form a second sub-layer, wherein the first sub-layer serves as the lowermost layer of the plurality of sub-layers, and the second sub-layer serves as the uppermost layer of the plurality of sub-layers.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The non-stick layer further includes a third sub-layer, and the method further includes arc spraying a composite wire to form the third sub-layer on the first sub-layer, and then forming the second sub-layer on the third sub-layer, wherein the composite wire is a mixed wire of ceramic and metal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that The method further comprises: filling oil substances into the gradient porous structure of the non-stick layer by vacuum infiltration, wherein the oil substances include at least one of animal oil, vegetable oil and silicone oil.

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