Method for preventing and treating polygonatum sibiricum diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating polygonatum sibiricum diseases and insect pests, and belongs to the technical field of polygonatum sibiricum planting. The foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests of the rhizoma polygonati is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 6 to 8 parts of camellia oleifera leaf extract, 15 to 25 parts of wood vinegar, 0.2 to 0.5 part of fulvic acid, 2 to 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 to 0.6 part of sodium borate, 0.4 to 0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 to 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 to 0.8 part of citric acid, 0.1 to 0.3 part of surfactant and 50 to 60 parts of water. By applying the foliar fertilizer, the problem that crops are easily affected by diseases and insect pests in the current polygonatum sibiricum planting industry can be relieved, the effect of reducing the use frequency of chemical pesticides is achieved, pollution of chemical agents to soil and the crops is reduced, and the foliar fertilizer is high in pertinence, high in fertilizer utilization rate, rapid in nutrient absorption and operation, easy to degrade, free of residues and not prone to generating resistance; the method is suitable for further popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polygonatum planting, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of polygonatum. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for health care has gradually increased. Among them, Polygonatum odoratum, as a medicinal and edible material, has many functions such as clearing away heat and detoxification, nourishing yin and moistening the lungs, tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, nourishing the kidneys and replenishing essence, etc., and has attracted more and more attention from consumers.

[0003] Different from other types of planting products, Polygonatum sibiricum has medicinal properties after all, so product quality is particularly important for improving the market competitiveness of Polygonatum sibiricum. However, in order to increase the yield of Polygonatum sibiricum, farmers currently have problems such as unreasonable fertilization and abuse of fertilizers and pesticides during the planting process of Polygonatum sibiricum, which not only causes serious harm to the planting environment, but also easily leads to a decline in product quality and affects the germplasm, seriously restricting the sustainable and healthy development of the Polygonatum sibiricum planting industry. With the increase in the scale of Polygonatum sibiricum planting, various diseases and pests have gradually emerged; the current prevention and control methods are still mainly based on the application of different types of chemical pesticides after the disease occurs, but these pesticide components will also penetrate into the soil and be absorbed by the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is easy to cause pesticide residues in the product and affect the safety of Polygonatum sibiricum medicinal use.

[0004] Therefore, how to prevent diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum and reduce the application of chemical pesticides by improving field management methods is very important for promoting the further development of Polygonatum sibiricum cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology. The application of this foliar fertilizer can alleviate the problem that crops are susceptible to diseases and insect pests in the current Polygonatum sibiricum planting industry, play a role in reducing the frequency of use of chemical pesticides or even stopping the use of drugs, reduce the pollution of chemical agents to soil and crops, and has strong pertinence, high fertilizer utilization rate, fast nutrient absorption and operation, easy degradation, no residue, and is not easy to produce resistance, so it is suitable for further promotion and application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum cyrtonema, wherein the raw materials, calculated by weight, include:

[0008] 6-8 parts of camellia oil leaf extract, 15-25 parts of wood vinegar, 0.2-0.5 parts of fulvic acid, 2-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6 parts of sodium borate, 0.4-0.8 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.3-0.8 parts of citric acid, 0.1-0.3 parts of surfactant and 50-60 parts of water.

[0009] Preferably, the oil tea leaf extract is an alcohol extract of oil tea leaf.

[0010] Preferably, the extraction method of the oil tea leaf extract is ultrasound-assisted extraction in an ethanol-water solution.

[0011] Preferably, the surfactant is sodium cetyl sulfate.

[0012] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0013] 7.5 parts of camellia oil leaf extract, 21 parts of wood vinegar, 0.4 parts of fulvic acid, 3.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of sodium borate, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts of citric acid, 0.3 parts of a surfactant and 54 parts of water.

[0014] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The raw materials are stirred evenly to obtain the foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0016] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, wherein the diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum are prevented and controlled by the above-mentioned foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0017] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer needs to be diluted 150-200 times before application.

[0018] The technical principles of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The oil tea leaf extract of the present invention is rich in tea polyphenols, tea saponins, flavonoid compounds and other beneficial ingredients; tea saponins belong to triterpenoid compounds, which can combine with the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria, change its permeability, and then destroy the cell wall and cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria, leading to bacterial death; tea polyphenols can act with some enzymes in cells, destroy the normal physiological function of bacteria, thereby achieving an antibacterial effect; and the tannins, volatile oils and other components therein can also play an effect of preventing diseases and insect pests of polygonatum. The present invention can make the oil tea leaf extract achieve a higher antibacterial effect by improving the extraction process.

[0020] The wood vinegar added in the present invention can directly act on the leaves, accelerate the growth of the leaves, promote photosynthesis, and thus improve the stress resistance of the polygonatum plant; it can accelerate the speed of the polygonatum absorbing nutrients in the soil by promoting root growth and assisting aerial roots to absorb nutrients, and significantly improve the effectiveness of fertilizers. In addition, the wood vinegar contains a large amount of acetic acid and phenolic components, and has a strong bactericidal and anthelmintic effect.

[0021] The invention can achieve a better control effect in the control of diseases and insect pests of polygonatum by compounding the oil tea leaf extract and the wood vinegar, and has an obvious synergistic effect.

[0022] The addition of citric acid can form chelates with trace elements in the fertilizer system, preventing the trace elements from hydrolyzing and precipitating in the solution, thereby ensuring that more trace elements can be absorbed and utilized by Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0023] The surfactant added in the present invention can improve the dispersion effect of the raw material system and prevent sedimentation and agglomeration.

[0024] The trace elements added by the invention can promote the growth of crops, enhance the stress resistance of crops, and improve their resistance to diseases and insect pests.

[0025] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The foliar fertilizer scheme designed by the present invention can play a preventive effect before the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, slow down the frequency of diseases and insect pests of polygonatum, so as to achieve the technical effect of improving the quality of polygonatum planting. This liquid fertilizer can provide nutrients for polygonatum through leaf absorption, quickly supplement nutrition, meet the growth requirements of polygonatum, and improve fertilizer utilization to a great extent. Applying this foliar fertilizer can alleviate the problem that crops are susceptible to diseases and insect pests in the current polygonatum planting industry, play a role in reducing the frequency of use of chemical pesticides or even stopping medication, reduce the pollution of chemical agents to soil and crops, and has strong pertinence, high fertilizer utilization, fast nutrient absorption, easy degradation, no residue, and is not easy to produce resistance, so it is suitable for further promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and this detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

[0030] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in the present invention are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0031] All raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are commercially available products.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A foliar fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0034] 7.5 parts of oil tea leaf extract, 21 parts of wood vinegar, 0.4 parts of fulvic acid, 3.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of sodium borate, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts of citric acid, 0.3 parts of sodium hexadecyl sulfate and 54 parts of water.

[0035] The preparation method of camellia oleifera extract is as follows: wash the camellia oleifera leaves, dry them in an oven at 45°C, then grind them to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, place them in a sample bottle, mix them with a 75wt% ethanol aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:6mL, extract them at a temperature of 40°C and an ultrasonic frequency of 35kHz for 1.5h to obtain an extract, filter the extract, centrifuge it, and then concentrate it to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain the camellia oleifera extract.

[0036] The preparation method of foliar fertilizer is:

[0037] Stir the raw materials evenly, then pour them into a high-pressure homogenizer and homogenize them at a pressure of 150Mpa for 0.5h to obtain foliar fertilizer.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A foliar fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0040] 6 parts of oil tea leaf extract, 25 parts of wood vinegar, 0.3 parts of fulvic acid, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts of sodium borate, 0.8 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 parts of citric acid, 0.1 parts of sodium hexadecyl sulfate and 60 parts of water.

[0041] The preparation method of camellia oleifera extract is as follows: wash the camellia oleifera leaves, dry them in an oven at 45°C, then grind them to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, place them in a sample bottle, mix them with a 75wt% ethanol aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:6mL, extract them at a temperature of 40°C and an ultrasonic frequency of 35kHz for 1.5h to obtain an extract, filter the extract, centrifuge it, and then concentrate it to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain the camellia oleifera extract.

[0042] The preparation method of foliar fertilizer is:

[0043] Stir the raw materials evenly, then pour them into a high-pressure homogenizer and homogenize them at a pressure of 150Mpa for 0.5h to obtain foliar fertilizer.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of the tea leaf extract is omitted and an equal mass of wood vinegar is supplemented.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of wood vinegar is omitted and an equal mass of camellia oleifera extract is supplemented.

[0048] Comparative Example 3

[0049] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of camellia oleifera extract and wood vinegar is omitted.

[0050] Comparative Example 4

[0051] The only difference from Example 1 is that the preparation method of the oil leaf tea extract is modified as follows: the oil leaf tea is washed, placed in an oven at 45°C to dry, then crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, placed in a sample bottle, mixed with 75wt% ether aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:6mL, extracted at a temperature of 25°C and an ultrasonic frequency of 35kHz for 1.5h to obtain an extract, filtered, centrifuged, and then concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain the oil leaf tea extract.

[0052] Comparative Example 5

[0053] The only difference from Example 1 is that the preparation method of the oil leaf tea extract is modified as follows: the oil leaf tea is washed, placed in an oven at 45°C to dry, then crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, placed in a sample bottle, mixed with 75wt% ethyl acetate aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:6mL, extracted at a temperature of 40°C and an ultrasonic frequency of 35kHz for 1.5h to obtain an extract, filtered, centrifuged, and then concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain the oil leaf tea extract.

[0054] Comparative Example 6

[0055] The only difference from Example 1 is that citric acid is replaced by an equal mass of sodium alginate.

[0056] Effect verification

[0057] A three-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema field was selected as the experimental site. 17 40m 2 The plots were divided into 9 treatment groups, and the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were applied as liquid surface fertilizers to each treatment group, and a blank control group (CK group) without applying liquid surface fertilizer was used to carry out planting experiments (because the probability of plant infection with pests and diseases is greatly affected by space, the present invention repeated 2 rounds of experiments for each fertilization scheme, and the test results were averaged; the CK group was not repeated).

[0058] The specific fertilization method is: starting from the beginning of April, spray the same mass of foliar fertilizer (the foliar fertilizer is diluted 200 times before spraying, and the spraying amount is 40kg / mu) every 15 days, for a total of 4 sprayings. During this period, no chemical pesticides are used for disease and pest control; the remaining field management methods are carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0059] In early June, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was counted, and the control rate of black spot disease and root rot was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] The criteria for judging black spot disease are: leaves fade, irregular yellow-brown spots or dark-brown spots appear on the edges of the leaves, and there are purple-red edges at the junction of the diseased and healthy parts.

[0061] The criteria for judging root rot are: irregular dark brown spots appearing on the rhizomes, or rhizomes rotting.

[0062] The formula for calculating the disease incidence rate is: Disease incidence rate (%) = (number of plants with diseases / total number of plants) × 100%

[0063] The formula for calculating the pest incidence rate is: Pest incidence rate (%) = (number of plants with pests / total number of plants) × 100%

[0064] The formula for calculating the black spot disease control rate is: Black spot disease control rate (%) = (black spot disease incidence rate of the experimental group / black spot disease incidence rate of the control group) × 100%

[0065] The root rot control rate is calculated as follows: root rot control rate (%) = 1-(root rot incidence rate of the experimental group / root rot incidence rate of the control group) × 100%

[0066] Table 1

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, characterized in that: Raw materials, calculated by mass, include: 6-8 parts of camellia oil leaf extract, 15-25 parts of wood vinegar, 0.2-0.5 parts of fulvic acid, 2-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6 parts of sodium borate, 0.4-0.8 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.3-0.8 parts of citric acid, 0.1-0.3 parts of surfactant and 50-60 parts of water.

2. The foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil tea leaf extract is an alcohol extract of oil tea leaf.

3. The foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extraction method of the oil tea leaf extract is to perform ultrasonic-assisted extraction in an ethanol aqueous solution.

4. The foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfactant is sodium cetyl sulfate.

5. The foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7.5 parts of camellia oil leaf extract, 21 parts of wood vinegar, 0.4 parts of fulvic acid, 3.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of sodium borate, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts of citric acid, 0.3 parts of a surfactant and 54 parts of water.

6. A method for preparing a foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The raw materials are stirred evenly to obtain the foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

7. A method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, characterized in that: The polygonatum sibiricum diseases and pests are controlled by the foliar fertilizer for controlling polygonatum sibiricum diseases and pests as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The foliar fertilizer needs to be diluted 150-200 times before application.

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